Citizenry Uprising

Citizenry Uprising
Clockwise from top left: A young revolutionary in Nagymeno; General Dávid Pataki standing in Kisigmánd; A cavalry patrol in Szolnok; Infantry patrol; Blue revolutionaries being arrested; Crowd of Blue revolutionaries standing in Szombathely
Date 15 June 1927 - 18 January 1929 (2 years, 6 months and 3 days) Location Hétumoger Result Stalemate Signing of Armistice of Nagymező Hétumoger is divided by enclaves between the two countries Establishment of the Citizens Republic of Hétumoger Establishment of the Third Noble Republic of Hétumoger
Belligerents
1927: Second Noble Republic of Hétumoger 1928: Second Noble Republic of Hétumoger 1929: Second Noble Republic of Hétumoger	1927: Blue Movement Party 1928: Citizens Republic of Hétumoger Hegyhát Citizens Government Sió Citizens Army 1929: Citizens Republic of Hétumoger Western Nationalist Government Sió Nationalist Government Hegyhát Nationalist Government Supported by: Aix Brigade
Commanders and leaders
Lóránt Esterházy Zoltán Somogyi Zgismond Koháry Donát Bálint Dávid Pataki Klára Kovács László Piros Béla Zsedényi Erzsébet Szilágyi Sándor Hegedüs Alex Jani Tolvaj Rudolf Varga Tímá Vásáros Miklós Szilágyi	Sólyom Magdolna István Szálast Béla Edvárd Izidóra Teodóra Vilmos Mátyás Donát Tót Dezső Kerekes Ágnes Zsuzsanna Dezső Pattantyús Piroska Rickl János Szabó Sári Ilona Juhász Gerencsér András Rákosi Fidél Égető Béla Kaposvár Gaspard Morçef
Strength
Government Troops: 125,000 (1927) 132,000 (1928) 121,000 (1929)	Blue Nationals: 52,000 (1927) 89,000 (1928) 87,000 (1929) Aix Brigade: 2,487 (1929)
Casualties and losses
1,000,000 civilians displaced 50,000 civilians purged 100,000 civilians killed

The Citizenry Uprising, (Hétumogerian: Állampolgári Felkelés) known also as the Hétumoger Civil War or the Blue Revolution was a civil war that lasted two years and six months. The war was fought between the pro-Nemesség Second Noble Republic and the Blue Nationalist Party and several radical elements within the country after the transition into the Second Noble Republic from the Third Kingdom. The insurrection of Blue Nationalists soon grew to a formal war effort that focused on eastern Hétumoger with an alliance of Blue Nationalist movements that revolted in Western Hétumoger. The war was viewed as mainly a class struggle as the sides were seen as polaric divisions, between the Nemesség and the Polgárság. The war ended in 1929 after the Congress of Nagymező, which established the sovereignty of the Citizens Republic of Hétumoger and the Third Noble Republic of Hétumoger.

In 1879, 4 years into the coronation of Zgismond Koháry II and the establishment of the Third Kingdom of Hétumoger, Zgismond and his administration attempted to reform the government in what is called the Rendszer-Helyreállítás. This resulted in the modernization attempts in the east that were underway in the First Noble Republic to be put on hold, reuslting in their inevitable failure. This also meant infrasturture projects to help transportation between the west and east of Hétumoger to suffer and fail alongside that. The ensuing failure created instability with the Kingdom and its rule by both the Polgárság and the Nemesség. Afterwards, the Néma Forradalom, began. A political movement against the monarchy marked by a growth in population and a rise in urbanization along with a new political ideology called Blue Nationalism. Originally thought of by the Blue Vanguards, Blue Nationalism saw a rise in popularity from the Polgárság as an anti-Nemesség party that would go against the rule of the Nemesség. In 1908, seeing the failure of his rule and the threat of both the Nemesség and Polgárság revolting against the Kingdom; Zgismond abdicated and called for the establishment of the Second Noble Republic. In 1910, the Second Noble Republic was formed with Zgismond as one of the members of the Országgyűlés. During the Provisional Government of Hétumoger, the 1909 Népkormány election was hosted alongside the 78th Appointment of Citizen Justice. The Blue Nationalist Party became the most popular party, and saw the Népkormány become dominated by the Polgárság.

After the 1909 election and the establishment of a Blue Nationalist majority in the Népkormány, the Blue Vanguards moved the majority of their base of operations from Nagymező to Komárom in Kisigmánd and established their headquarters there in 1915 which allowed them to commence the Democratic Bloc Merger, which unified their party with other Polgárság parties in the Népkormány. The discussion of this merger had been underway since 1912, but were formalized in 1915 as all non-Nemesség parties were merged with the Blue Nationalist Party. The Népkormány was now entirely dominated by the Polgárság. Lóránt Esterházy, the Primor Nemesség of the Országgyűlés engaged in a political stalement situation with the Népkormány, but ultimately continued to fail in preventing the Népkormány. In 1925, Resolution 65-094 was passed by the Népkormány, which enstated that the Veszprémic-Sió Rail Trust was to be nationalized as the National Railway Transport Committee.

Background

Prelude

Zgismond Koháry II, the Monarch of Hétumoger during the Third Kingdom, 1871

Lóránt Esterházy, the Primor Nemesség of the Országgyűlés during the Second Noble Republic, 1908

The beginning of the Citizenry Uprising is traced back to the Coronation of Zgismond II, who was an Először Nemesség of Koháry. Zgismond was crowned in 1875 in a referendum by the Országgyűlés, leading to the dissolvement of the government of the First Noble Republic of Hétumoger and the establishment of the Third Kingdom of Hétumoger. The referendum came as a political self-destruct, dissolving the Népkormány and removing justiciars from the High Citizens Court to be replaced with those appointed by Zgismond himself. Zgismond II began his reign with a Hétumoger on the brink of modernizing the eastern administrative districts and improving the economy, but with an unpopular view from the Polgárság. Zgismond II and his cabinet at the time were aligned as conservatives, being pro-Nemesség, Zgismond announced his intent to begin the Rendszer-Helyreállítás. The Rendszer-Helyreállítás was a reset on the initially Noble Republic government to replace them with pro-monarchist members, which mainly targeted public-sector workers that operated directly with the government. The Noble Department of Agriculture, Noble Department of Transportation, and the Noble Department of Development and Conservation were the most affected by the rollout of the Rendszer-Helyreállítás, with listed departments losing over 50% of their total workforce due to cutbacks on funding by Zgismond.

The rollout of the Rendszer-Helyreállítás proved to be disasterous for the modernization of the eastern districts and also caused problems with the local governments of urban centers. The failure to fund the Department of Agriculture and restore its staffing numbers to sufficient capacity caused the development of the eastern districts to suffer as their economies were focused on the production and upkeep of agriculture. Government-sponsered programs attempted to ease the damage caused by the Rendszer-Helyreállítás by establishing the Agricultural Development Administration, however most of these government-sponsered programs with a focus on agricultural were failures. The ADA became a failure as it could not meet its quota on agricultural development prospects. Alongside the modernization efforts ruined in eastern districts, the Department of Development recieved a major funding decrease which set back land development prospects that were initially approved by the First Noble Republic in western urban areas to improve overall living conditions. The Department of Development and Conservation was responsible for the management of federal land that belonged as resource areas or natural reserves according to Resolution 33-055. The cutting of funding also meant that many different workers and administrators were never recalled by their respective adminstration.

Andrássy Riot

Main article: Andrássy Riots

Horváth Ákos, the Elozor Nemesség of the Ákos.

Andrássy in 1917.

The Andrássy Riot was a major civil conflict that occurred under the Third Kingdom. After the failure of the Rendszer-Helyreállítás, Zgismond's government had levied extremely heavy taxes on city centers and urban areas in order to relieve the economic pressure on their eastern districts which were responsible for a large amount of food. Andrássy was the capital of the Third Kingdom. The pressure on people in Andrássy started the Andrássic Exodus, where 21% of the population of Andrássy had left the urban areas, creating an economic vacuum for jobs alongside causing the prices of housing in Andrássy to plummet. This occurred with other urban areas but was not seen to such a severe effect as in Andrássy. The Nemesség were also excused from paying into a hiked tax rate and were instead able to pay a pre-hiked tax rate that was irregular from the tax rate in urban areas. This caused a rise in unrest with the Polgárság living in the city who could not afford to move.

On April 14, 1907, a crowd formed around several Polgárság being arrested from an invasion conducted on an apartment by the Andrássic Rendőrség Division under the orders of the Eleozor Nemesség Horváth Ákos of the Ákos who acted as the overseer of the First Estate of Andrássy. The crowd began to panic as the orders came clear that those who underpaid their hiked taxes would be arrested by the Rendőrség and prosecuted by the law.

In the aftermath of the riots, the city government of Andrássy began to run a case to prosecute the Ákos dynasty and Horváth Ákos personally. The case, known as Ákos v. Citizens of Hétumoger, Andrássy, Noble Rendőrség and etc., sued for the compensation of the families of people killed during the riot, alongside compensation of both Polgárság or Rendőrség injured in the riots.

The Citizens High Court issued a ruling Noble Rendőrség, its respective divisions and their respective district governments, whether they belonged to a specific Nemesség family, cannot be issued any mobilization commands or be commandeered by a Nemesség or a Nemesség family, regardless of the rule of estate. It furthermore found that Horváth Ákos

Néma Forradalom

Main article: Néma Forradalom

Hunyadi Civil Riots

Main article: Hunyadi Civil Riots

Ferenc Halmos, the pro-Nemesség Governer of Csönge

The Hunyadi Civil Riots were a series of riots that were contained in the city of Hunyadi in Csönge that occurred from July 19 to November 28 in 1917. The main reason for the riots was outrage at Operation Noble Trident, a covert information operation that was carried out by the Committee on State Information on several professors and students that had affiliated themselves with the anti-Nemesség Blue Nationalist Party in Hunyadi. Operation Noble Trident was ended and considered a failure after the Murder of János Rákosi, the brother of András Rákosi. When news of the murder and the subsequent leaking of documents about Operation Noble Trident to local newsources, discontent in the local Polgárság rose. The first protests began in July 19 where students and residents gathered to protest against the Nemesség rule. Several local leaders from the Blue Nationalist Party were also present, most notably Dezső Pattantyús, who was at that time, the chairman of the Csönge Blue Nationalist Party.

The protests recieved little attention until the protesters broke into the Hunyadi Municipal Courthouse, where the local Csönge Rendőrség Department arrived and attempted to contain the situation. Armed with loaded .03 Puskák, the Rendőrség ended up firing on the protestors, known as the Hunyadi Courthouse Massacre. After the first killing, the Rendőrség continued to fire into the crowd until it was dispersed. Ending in 22 deaths and 86 injured protestors, alongside 195 arrests, the Courthouse Massacre is believed to be where the protesting turned into a riot. The Civil Riots would be marked by two other massacres that were committed against the protesting Polgárság, the Hunyadi University Massacre and Halmos's Massacre.

The protests ended in November 28 when the Governer of Csönge, Ferenc Halmos, was arrested by the Csönge Rendőrség Division and the Pro-Polgárság Népkormány called for a reorganization of the Csönge government alongside local Hunyadi city government. The Civil Riots are considered to been one of the biggest events that occurred during the Néma Forradalom, and is considered to be a huge embarrassment by the Nemesség-led government as the Országgyűlés engaged in a legal gridlock with the local Népkormány representatives alongside with ignoring the legal implications of the events in Hunyadi. Before the Civil Riots, Csönge was strongly against Blue Nationalism and for the Nemesség. However the silence of the Országgyűlés and the presence of Blue Nationalist members helped boost Blue Nationalism's popularity. By the end of 1918 after the reorganization of the Csönge government, many of its political offices had been filled by Blue Nationalists, with the Nemesség losing several other representatives in the Népkormány.

Resolution 65-094

Main article: Resolution 65-094

Kisigmánd Emergency

Main article: Kigismánd Emergency

Oroszlány (1927)

Nationalist Campaign

Suffering major losses, Dávid Pataki and the Noble Army were forced to rout from Kisigmánd in late April of 1927. The overall initial strength of the Blue Nationalists and their ability to counter the offensive at Komárom allowed the Blue Nationalists to begin forming an organized structure of their army with the National Militia. From here, they hired Vilmos Mátyás to help lead the National Militia as the Marshal of the Militia. After the structuring of the National Militia with the help of Vilmos, plans were set out to begin an offensive in Oroszlány by the National Militia with help from local partisans and expected farmers and agrarians to come help the war effort in Oroszlány. The establishment of a Blue Nationalist government was also underway in Kisigmánd. István, Izidóra and Vilmos focused their efforts on planning the war effort while Magdolna and Edvárd focused on restructing the government.

Vilmosian Storm

Vilmos Mataya, the architect of the Citizens Republic war effort after 1927

Rácmecske (1928)

Government Campaign

Important links: Second Militia Army Third Noble Army 17th Noble Cavalry Regiment Ninth Militia Artillery Regiment András Rákosi - Main polgárság resistence leader Dezső Kerekes - Lead general of the Rácmecske Militia Campaign. László Piros - General of the 17th Noble Cavalry Regiment

Rácmecske Agricultural Revolt

Main article: Rácmecske Agricultural Revolt

The Rácmecske Agricultural Revolt was an armed insurrection that was initiated under the leadership of András Rákosi after the proposal of the Koháry Peace Offer. The Agricultural Revolt came after the Battle of Dunaújváros that had been stuck in a military stalemate. The Agricultural Revolt was given its name due to the fact that the majority of the polgárság resistence fighters within the revolt were made of farmers and farmhands. The Battle of Dunaújváros had cut off the Ninth Militia Artillery Regiment and the Ninth Militia Infantry Regiment away from the rest of the Second Militia Army.

Hegyhát (1928-1929)

Piroska Rickl, the First Militia Tábornok of the Western Citizens Militia.

Ágnes Zsuzsanna, Second Militia Tábornok of the First Hegyhát Militia.

András Rákosi, Second Militia Tábornok of the Second Hegyhát Militia.

Sári Ilona, Second Militia Tábornok of the Sió Citizens Militia.

Béla Kaposvár, the Citizens Governor of the Western Nationalist Government.

Dezső Pattantyús, the Governor of Hegyhát Nationalist Government.

János Szabó, the Governor of Sió Nationalist Government.

Fidél Égető, the Serene Minister of the Citizenry and Nyugat Felügyelője.

Sió (1928-1929)

Stalemate at Csongrád

Main article: Battle at Csongrád

The Citizens Republic could not extend any more help concerning logistics and supplies with Sió and Hegyhát due to their enclaved positions. The Second Noble Republic's economy was failing drastically due to the amount of the industrial force drafted into the army and suffered from a lack of proper military equipment due to sabotage efforts by the National Militia.

Congress of Nagymező

The Congress of Nagymező was a two-week long diplomatic conference between representatives of the Noble Republic and the Citizens Republic, alongside Western Nationalist Government and both the Sió and Hegyhát nationalist governments after the military stalemate at Csongrád.

Post-War Politics

Third Noble Republic

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