Melayu Emergency: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
(Created page with "{{Infobox military conflict | conflict = Melayu Emergency<br>Darurat Melayu<br>末羅瑜緊急狀態<br>மெலாயு அவசரநிலை | width = | parto...")
 
No edit summary
Line 15: Line 15:
* Polynesian troopers conducting a patrol near [[Dungoon]] with [[Royal Melayu Armoured Corps]]
* Polynesian troopers conducting a patrol near [[Dungoon]] with [[Royal Melayu Armoured Corps]]
* Police officers question a local during the Melayu Emergency.
* Police officers question a local during the Melayu Emergency.
* Niagaran soldiers boarding a RNAF Whirlwind in South Melayu
* Niagaran soldiers boarding a RNAF Whirlwind near [[Persimpangan]]
* A wounded insurgent being held and questioned after his capture in 1952
* A wounded insurgent being held and questioned after his capture in 1952
}}
}}
Line 63: Line 63:
| campaignbox =  
| campaignbox =  
}}
}}
The Malayan Emergency, also known as the Anti–British National Liberation War[1] (1948–1960), was a guerrilla war fought in British Malaya between communist pro-independence fighters of the Malayan National Liberation Army (MNLA) and the military forces of the Federation of Malaya, British Empire and Commonwealth. The communists fought to win independence for Malaya from the British Empire and to establish a socialist economy, while the Malayan Federation and Commonwealth forces fought to combat communism and protect British economic and colonial interests.[2][3][4] Many writers believe that the term "Emergency" was chosen by the British because London-based insurers would not have paid out in instances of civil wars.[5]
The '''Melayu Emergency''', also known as the '''Anti–Niagaran National Liberation War''' (1948–1960), was a {{wpl|guerrilla warfare|guerrilla war}} fought in [[Federation of Melayu|Niagaran Melayu]] between communist pro-independence fighters of the [[Melayu People's Liberation Army]] (MPLA) and the military forces of the [[Federation of Melayu|Dominion of Melayu]], [[Greater Niagara|Niagaran Empire]] and the [[Royal Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]]. The communists fought to win independence for Melayu from the Niagaran Empire and to establish a socialist economy, while the Dominion of Melayu and Commonwealth forces fought to combat communism and protect Niagaran economic and colonial interests. Many writers believe that the term "Emergency" was chosen to minimize negative political consequences of a colonial war.
 
On 17 June 1948, Britain declared a state of emergency in Malaya following attacks on plantations,[6] which in turn were revenge attacks for the killing of left-wing activists.[7] Leader of the Malayan Communist Party (MCP) Chin Peng and his allies fled into the jungles and formed the MNLA to wage a war for national liberation against British colonial rule. Many MNLA fighters were veterans of the Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA), a communist guerrilla army previously trained, armed and funded by the British to fight against Japan during World War II.[8] The communists gained support from a high number of civilians, mainly those from the Chinese community.[9] In addition, between 200-400 Japanese soldiers stationed in Malaya during World War II joined the communist guerillas.[10]
 
After establishing a series of jungle bases the MNLA began raiding British colonial police and military installations. Mines, plantations, and trains were attacked by the MNLA to gain independence for Malaya by bankrupting the British occupation. The British attempted to starve the MNLA using scorched earth policies through food rationing, killing livestock, and aerial spraying of the herbicide Agent Orange.[16] British attempts to defeat the communists included extrajudicial killings of unarmed villagers, in violation of the Geneva Conventions.[17] The most infamous example is the Batang Kali massacre, which the press have referred to as "Britain's Mỹ Lai".[22] The Briggs Plan forcibly relocated 400,000 to one million civilians into concentration camps, which were referred to by the British as "New villages".[23][24][25] Many Orang Asli indigenous communities were also targeted for internment because the British believed that they were supporting the communists.[26][27] The communists' belief in class consciousness, and both ethnic and gender equality, inspired many women and indigenous people to join both the MNLA and its undercover supply network the Min Yuen.[28]
 
Although the emergency was declared over in 1960, communist leader Chin Peng renewed the insurgency against the Malaysian government in 1967. This second phase of the insurgency lasted until 1989.
==Background==
==Background==


Revision as of 05:11, 10 February 2023

Melayu Emergency
Darurat Melayu
末羅瑜緊急狀態
மெலாயு அவசரநிலை
Part of the Decolonisation of Frigo and Cold War in Frigo
Clockwise from top left:
  • Niagaran artillery firing on an insurgent hide-out in the jungle, 1955
  • Antarctican Canberra taking off RNAF North Point during a Searchlight Strike
  • Polynesian troopers conducting a patrol near Dungoon with Royal Melayu Armoured Corps
  • Police officers question a local during the Melayu Emergency.
  • Niagaran soldiers boarding a RNAF Whirlwind near Persimpangan
  • A wounded insurgent being held and questioned after his capture in 1952
Date19 October 1948 – 2 April 1960
(11 years, 5 months and 2 weeks)
Location
Niagaran Melayu, Frigo
Result
Belligerents
Commonwealth forces:
Supported By:
 Communist forces:
Melayu Communist Party
Supported By:
Commanders and leaders
TBDCOMMANDERLIST TBDCOMMANDERLIST
Strength
Over 552,000 troops Over 10,500 troops
Casualties and losses
1,409 killed
2,872 wounded		 7,162 killed
820 wounded
2,530 surrendered
Civilians killed: 3,103
Civilians missing: 676
Civilian casualties: 6,500+
Total killed: 15,803
TBD

The Melayu Emergency, also known as the Anti–Niagaran National Liberation War (1948–1960), was a guerrilla war fought in Niagaran Melayu between communist pro-independence fighters of the Melayu People's Liberation Army (MPLA) and the military forces of the Dominion of Melayu, Niagaran Empire and the Commonwealth. The communists fought to win independence for Melayu from the Niagaran Empire and to establish a socialist economy, while the Dominion of Melayu and Commonwealth forces fought to combat communism and protect Niagaran economic and colonial interests. Many writers believe that the term "Emergency" was chosen to minimize negative political consequences of a colonial war.

Background

Guerrilla war

Commonwealth contribution

Resolution

War crimes

Legacy

External links

Retrieved from "https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Melayu_Emergency&oldid=615361"