Tyrnica

Grand Kingdom of Tyrnica Mechen-Königreich Týrland (Tyrnican)
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "Wegen der kälde erlangen stärke" "Through the cold comes strength"
Anthem: März des Nordens "March of the North"
Location of  Tyrnica  (dark green) – in Auressia  (green & dark grey) – in the Commonwealth  (green)
Capital	Vedayen-Königspfalz 55°43′N 17°39′E
Largest city	Stierstandt
Official languages	Tyrnican
Recognised regional languages	Kürskäringan, Gamlandenic, Ornish
Demonym(s)	Tyrnican
Government	Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Monarch	Frederick IV
• Chancellor	Kristen Lehmann
Legislature	Rechtzuhör
• Upper house	Haus des Königsrath
• Lower house	Haus der Volksvertreter
Establishment
• Coronation of Audun I	1 November 463
• Union with Kürskäringar	16 September 1479
• Valschaffën Act	8 June 1783
• Adoption of Constitution	20 February 1914
Area
• Total	2,199,498 km2 (849,231 sq mi)
Population
• 2020 census	67,413,974
• Density	30.6/km2 (79.3/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	2020 estimate
• Total	$4.039 trillion (2nd)
• Per capita	$59,923
GDP (nominal)	2020 estimate
• Total	$3.539 trillion (1st)
• Per capita	$52,498
Gini (2020)	27.3 low
HDI (2020)	0.943 very high
Currency	Commonwealth mark (Ϻ) (COM)
Time zone	UTC+1 (Central Auressian Time)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (Central Auressian Summer Time)
Date format	dd-mm-yyyy (CE)
Driving side	left
Calling code	+07
ISO 3166 code	TYR
Internet TLD	.tr and .kn

Tyrnica (/tɜrnɪkɑː/; Tyrnican: Týrland, pronounced /tɪərleɪnd/), officially the Grand Kingdom of Tyrnica (Tyrnican: Mechen-Königreich Týrland) but also known as the North and the Kingdom of the North, is a sovereign state located in Central Auressia. It is bounded in the north by the Breuvician Ocean, and in the west by Blayk across the Strait of Khovaar. It shares borders with several states to the east: Elstock, Pelemia, and Senia. Tyrnica is comprised of twelve constituent regions within 2,199,498 square kilometres, and possesses a population of 67.4 million. The legislative and royal capital rests in Vedayen-Königspfalz, which is the nation's second largest urban centre after Stierstandt. Other major cities include Valschaffën, Audrache, Hasserstadt, Schwarzeberg, Evverkäben, Karsfjord, Rechevary and Laubbachen.

The region that now comprises present-day Tyrnica has been inhabited by ancient humans since 600,000 BCE, and by Isaric peoples since approximately 700 BCE. The Sabarine Empire had established tributary states in the area by 100 CE, and formed a provincial government during the 4th century. In 463 CE, Audun I became the first King of the Tyrnicans, which contributed to the Fall of Sabaria and the end of Antiquity in Auressia. During the Middle Ages, Tyrnica was gradually united over several centuries as part of a period known as the Vereinigung (“unification”), until Tyrnica entered a personal union with Kürskäringar in 1479. The territorial integrity of the Tyrnican realm was cemented during the Fifty Years' War and the War of the Kovarian League, with its first overseas colonies being established towards the end of 16th century. Mercantilist competition for land in the New World served as the catalyst for conflicts such as the Eleven Years' War, and although its colonial empire rivalled that of other Auressian powers, Tyrnica was outcompeted by the breadth and wealth of the Blaykish holdings in Marceaunia and the naval strength of the Blaco-Vervillian Union.

The War of the Tyrnican Succession marked the decline of Blaykish dominance in Auressia and abroad. Tyrnica weathered the Great Upheaval of the early 19th century and was influential in orchestrating its Compromises, acting to secure its growing supremacy on the global stage; it would go on to become the worldwide leader in cultural, military, and economic interest in the ensuing Tyrnicae Saeculum. Perceived threats to Tyrnican dominance in the 1800s were met harshly — in the Tea War and the Ninety Days' War, Rythenean challenges were soundly repulsed. Eventually, embittered rivals and erstwhile allies of the Tyrnican regime assembled the Second Coalition in opposition to its actions during the Mermery Incident, which quickly developed into the First Great War. The tide had turned against the Galene League by 1912, and unsustainable territorial losses compelled Tyrnica to unilaterally withdraw from the conflict in March 1913. It became a pariah state in the wake of the war, having alienated both its allies and adversaries; Tyrnican authority was quickly supplanted by the new Rythenean world order.

In the interbellum period, the first Saudler administration collaborated with Blayk to arrange the return of Khovaar and Kilkis to Tyrnican hands, though relations with Rythene remained volatile throughout the 1920s and 30s. When the Second Great War broke out in 1937, the Tyrnican government had no compulsions to assist any of the belligerents — but when Blayk was invaded by Lancero Palia in 1938, Tyrnica intervened and declared war against the Alliance. The course of the war saw the Tyrno-Rythenean reconciliation, and the integration of military and economic apparatuses which would eventually become the Commonwealth of Northern Auressia. Tyrnican forces had served on every front by the end of the war, and supported Rythene in subsequent conflicts in Vervillia and Kasaria. Rapid post-war economic growth enabled Tyrnica to emerge as the industrial engine of the nascent Commonwealth — using the remainder of its Treaty of Arden reparations, Tyrnica pledged large investments to post-war Auressian infrastructural recovery, the Blaco-Tyrnican nuclear program, the Commonwealth lunar missions, and a number of other such initiatives.

Today, Tyrnica is a developed country with the world’s second-largest economy by nominal GDP and the third-largest by purchasing power parity. It is a high-income social market economy that places emphasis on arms, automobile and technology manufacturing, with a burgeoning service sector. The nation also holds the third-highest Human Development Index rating in the world, and performs favourably in a number of national performance listings including health, education, quality of life, economic freedom and the protection of human rights and liberties.

The Grand Kingdom of Tyrnica is a great power that wields considerable influence across the globe, maintaining the ability to engage in power projection. Tyrnica is a founding member of the Commonwealth of Northern Auressia as well as the Auressian Community, and participates in a number of other intergovernmental organisations dedicated to global peace, security and development. Its military expenditure is the sixth-highest in the world, and despite being a recognised nuclear weapons state, it expressed possible commitment to a nuclear disarmament programme in 2016. Tyrnica is renowned as a cultural nexus and is the birthplace of many varieties of the arts, philosophy, science and music.

Etymology

Etymologically, the name Tyrnica is a Sabarisation of the native Týrland, which is in turn derived from the name of the most prominent deity in Isaric paganism. Ultimately, the term stems from *Dyēus, which was the name of the proto-Auressian chief deity typically associated with the daylight sky.

Originally pronounced as (/tɪərnikɑː/), the common pronunciation of Tyrnica has since changed to (/tɜrnɪkɑː/), but earlier forms are still used and recognised. In Tyrnican, the native Týrland is pronounced only as (/tɪərleɪnd/) or (/tɪərlɑːnd/).

History

Prehistory

The Tyrnican region is believed to have been occupied by ancient humans since 600,000 BCE. The Virkaevahn Man is well-known for being one of the oldest and most well-preserved examples of early human life, while ancient flutes and pipes show the existence of musical instruments in Tyrnica as early as 48,000 BCE.

Antiquity

The earliest emergence of proto-Isaric peoples can be traced to the late Bronze Age in the vicinity of modern-day Velcalår. Archaeological, genealogical and linguistic evidence suggests that circa 700 BCE, the inhabitants of the area began to take on an increasingly homogeneous profile as the population grew larger. During the same time period, the coastline of south-western Tyrnica was settled by Savolian city-states who established colonies in order to trade with the local inhabitants. By 100 BCE, cooling weather conditions necessitated Isaric peoples to settle on the Tyrnican mainland, spreading across Central Auressia and displacing the Rubic tribes of the region before coming into contact with the Sabarine Republic. Sabarine ambitions in the area were curtailed by a series of internal crises leading to the establishment of the Empire, although several Tyrnican tribes had been reduced tributaries by 100 CE.

Over a period of approximately 200 years, much of western Tyrnica (modern-day Westlicht and Erbidefior) was incorporated into Sabaria as an imperial province of the same name. While the Emperor was responsible for appointing a governor to the area, actual authority usually fell to local chieftains, whose power was vastly increased by their adoption of Sabarine customs. Consequently, Imperial control of Tyrnica also enabled a massive influx of Isaric tribes into Sabarine society as foederati, and fostered the establishment of “Tyrnican legions” within the Sabarine military.

In 460, the Sabarine Emperor appointed Audun of Pons Aelius as dux of the province, aiming to quell growing unrest from the native polities. Ultimately, however, the assassination of Septimus Taurinus in 463 proved to be the catalyst for Audun's decision to declare himself King of the Tyrnicans; in Sabaria, the subsequent power struggle within the Senate forestalled any attempts to re-establish imperial control over the Tyrnican states. Most Sabarine soldiers serving in Tyrnica quickly went over to the Audonian regime, with the situation in the Occident rapidly deteriorating. With the collapse of Sabarine authority in Tyrnica, many Isaric tribes entered the Empire en masse, rather than as foederati; the Blakes invaded Transalpine Vervillia in 470.

Audun I, the first King of the Tyrnicans.

Early Middle Ages

• Policy of Vereinigung (reunification of Isaric peoples) becomes the primary focus of Tyrnican monarchs.
• In Kürskäringar, the emergence of vikings triggers a period of raiding and settlement across northwestern Auressia.

Late Middle Ages

• Fifty Years' War with Blayk sees the Blaykish monarchs contesting the Tyrnican throne, with Tyrnica emerging victorious from the conflict.
• Tyrnican control of the Strait of Khovaar (and thus northern Galeo-Hemetrian trade routes) results in a slow start to colonisation; its first settlement in eastern Marceaunia is nearly a century later than the settlement of Albrennia by the Rythenean Rotiferists.
• Kürskäringar is drawn into a personal union with Tyrnica in 1479, ending the Vereinigung.

Early Modern Period

• Tyrnicans settle in the New World by the start of the 17th century. St. Suibert's Land is eventually annexed by Rythene.
• Ornaland falls under Tyrnican control in the late 1700s.

Late Modern Period

• The War of the Tyrnican Succession pits Tyrnica and Blayk against Rythene and Vervillia, ending the Blaco-Vervillian Union.

The eruption of the Rythenean Revolution in 1790 provoked outrage in Auressia, and many states — including Gilbertine Blayk — actively condemned the republicans in Rythene. Ultimately, Tyrnica broke from the status quo by becoming the first nation to recognise the Republic as a legitimate government in Insular Rythene; however, it did not officially lend its support to the Matthews administration and urged both parties to reach a peaceful resolution. As the Great Upheaval began to take root, a succession of Tyrnican governments became increasingly wary of revolutionary sentiment spreading eastwards, and took steps to appease the monarchy in Casmire by scaling back support for the Republic. However, with Tyrnican ties in both Rythenean states, neither Insular nor Continental Rythene maintained a close relationship with Tyrnica and its government in the waning days of the 18th century. This left the Tyrnicans isolated from Auressian affairs as a revolutionary wave swept the continent: in Palia, Blayk, and Sulatia, republican governments rose up in the place of erstwhile monarchies, sparking widespread apprehension that Tyrnica could face a similar fate.

In 1801, the Blaykish National Assembly seized the Tyrnican territory of Sarbéliard, in an attempt to eliminate the remaining Gilbertines along the Blaykish coast. Although a small Tyrnican force under the Burgrave von Clausbruch was dispatched to defend the city, it was quickly defeated by National Assembly forces, and the Tyrnican government sued for peace eighteen months later. Chancellor Joachim von Allingen’s ineffectual response to the crisis — and the Upheaval as a whole — sparked the first motion of no confidence in a sitting chancellor. His subsequent dismissal in 1803 led to the appointment of Berend Walbaum, who gained traction in Parliament due to his strong pro-interventionist and pragmatist diplomatic stance; Walbaum’s government provided decisive economic aid to the Rythenean Republic — reigniting the long-held enmity between the Rythenean and Tyrnican monarchies — but remained opposed to outright intervention in the ongoing conflict between Hyreathe and Casmire. It also made overtures to cooperate with republican Palia, who held much of the balance of power in Western Auressia, but did not directly involve Tyrnica in the ongoing wars in the Occident.

The four most influential figures of Tyrnica in the Upheaval: Nicholas II, Berend Walbaum, Ludwig von Clausbruch, and Adelar von Maustadt-Halle.

When the Orpanists gained the majority in the Blaykish National Assembly, Tyrnica joined Avilême and Vervillia in forming the Coalition for the Protection of Sovereign States. Following the invasion of Avilême in 1810, the three nations declared war on Blayk and rebuffed Orpanist skirmishes in the Vervillian Alps. After it became clear that the Coalition was dedicated to the defense of Avilême, Pommeraie’s ministry concentrated its power on disrupting Tyrnican trade in the Hesperian Ocean. However, when Blaykish ships mistakenly fired on a Tyrnican frigate near the Cape of Litavie, the war escalated and several other nations intervened on both sides. In spite of positive relations between Tyrnica and the Rythenean Republic, the Morris administration ultimately allied itself with Orpanist Blayk; conversely, royalist Rythene ostensibly supported the Coalition. Generally, this sudden reversal of the status quo is commonly attributed to the late-stage Upheaval idea — propagated by the Pommeraie government — that the continued existence of republics and monarchies could only be ensured by the obliteration of the other. Nonetheless, direct fighting between Rythenean republicans and Tyrnican forces remained rare and was a pro forma occurrence when it did happen; it entirely ceased when John VII invaded Insular Rythene in 1813, and Tyrnica pivoted its attitude towards Casmire. Despite being superficially aligned with the Kingdom of Rythene, Tyrnican forces in King Erich's Land lent their support to Robert Morris in his fight for Audonian independence. Adelar Sigmund, the Graf von Maustadt-Halle, was a close companion and rumoured lover of the future Audonian president; their collaboration in the war would form the basis for warm Audonia–Tyrnica relations during much of the 19th century.

The Coalition achieved nominal victory in Auressia after the 1815 Battle of Montigné, and Ludwig von Clausbruch led a series of assaults on remaining Orpanist strongholds throughout Blayk. The election of the pro-restoration Liberals under Mathys de Garlande ended the legitimacy of the Orpanists, and reasserted order in Blayk. Concurrently, the efforts of Chancellor Walbaum and Nicholas II saw the beginning of a peace settlement between the feuding Auressian states, aiming to end the conflicts of the Upheaval — but also to address grievances that had existed as far back as the Eleven Years’ War. Originally, the Tyrnicans aimed to host the convention in Vedayen-Königspfalz in order to minimise expenses, and possibly to emphasise their own importance; however, resistance from other Auressian states led to the selection of Sabaria instead, with a plenary meeting scheduled for May 1816. Ultimately, the congress — which lasted until September — would only meet in a plenary session once, with most negotiation being independently organised; the leading statesmen and diplomats met with each other strictly under their own volition.

• The Upheaval sees Tyrnica emerge as the foremost power in Auressia. The historiographic period from 1813 (annexation of Avilême) to 1913 (Treaty of Arden) is sometimes known as the Tyrnicae Saeculum (meaning the "Tyrnican Century" or "Age")
• Tyrnica triumphs over Rythene in the Tea War, solidifying its place as the preeminent world power of the 19th century. A subsequent conflict in 1873 crushes the Rythenean military; thereafter, it cannot effectively stand against Tyrnica until 1908.

Contemporary Period

• Forms the primary axis of the Galene League from 1908–1913. Its unilateral withdrawal from the First Great War, codified by the Treaty of Arden, is made in the interest of self-preservation and the other nations within the Galene League quickly sever ties with Tyrnica following the betrayal.
• The period of 1913–1937 is an era of isolationism for the Tyrnicans. In spite of its status as a pariah nation, the Tyrnican Constitution is codified and living standards slowly improve in the wake of the war.
• Tyrnica joins the Coalition in the Second Great War, reconciling with Rythene in 1938 and achieving victory by 1943.
• The Commonwealth of Northern Auressia is formed in the latter half of the 20th century.

Geography

Geography of Tyrnica

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  Autumnal forest near Weidenhain

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  River Essar in Valschaffën

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  Glacial valley in southern Umbrecht

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  Farmland east of Ardarschweig

Tyrnica is located in Central Auressia, bordering Elstock, Pelemia, and Senia to the east. It shares maritime borders with Blayk to the west, although the two countries are connected by the Arden-Karsfjord Crossing. It is enclosed by the Breuvician Ocean and the Galene Sea, as well as the Strait of Khovaar which separates Oriental and Occidental Auressia. The territory of Tyrnica spans approximately 2,199,498 km² (849,231 sq mi), making it the 2nd-largest country in Auressia by surface area, and the 8th-largest in the world. 2,176,918 km² (426,198 sq mi) of its area is land, with 22,580 km² (8,718 sq mi) consisting of water in the form of perennial rivers and lakes.

Biodiversity

The Tyrnican wolf is the national animal of Tyrnica.

Politics

Government

Tyrnica is a unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy, operating under a legal framework established as part of the Constitution of Tyrnica. Until its codification in the aftermath of the Great War, the Constitution was made up of a number of documents and Acts of Parliament; since 1914, it has been amended on seven occasions through the process of a referendum. While Tyrnica does not have a bill of rights, the Constitution itself guarantees Tyrnican citizens a number of enumerated and unenumerated rights, acting as a limitation on the law-making power of Parliament.

The Tyrnican government is made up of three branches, in accordance with the constitutional principle of seperation of powers:

The Rechtzuhör Building, which houses the Tyrnican Parliament.

• Legislative: containing the bicameral Parliament, which includes the monarch, the Chamber of Councillors and the Chamber of Representatives;
• Executive: exercised by the Crown Council, which consists of the Chancellor and a series of other senior government ministers appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Chancellor;
• Judiciary: comprising the Tyrnican court hierarchy, with judges of the Supreme Court appointed by the monarch on the advice of both Houses of Parliament

Demographics

Language

The Tyrnican language is the official and most commonly-spoken language in Tyrnica. It is a Western Isaric language, closely related to Rythenean. There are three recognised regional languages, which are afforded official status alongside Tyrnican within their respective regions. Kürskäringan is recognised in Kürskäringar and Kilkis, while the mutually intelligible Gamlandenic is extant in the Gamlandene; both are Northern Isaric languages. Ornish, a Western Ludic language, is recognised in Ornaland. Some minority languages — particularly those whose linguistic borders overlap with those of official regional languages — face limited recognition from the national and regional governments, including Elsian, Khamli, Mountain Ornish, and Grens.

It is estimated that 86.0% of Tyrnican permanent residents speak the language natively, with the remainder usually speaking a regional language. A 2018 survey conducted by the Sprachakademie showed that 68.9% of Tyrnicans indicated a proficiency in two or more languages, with the most common second languages including Rythenean, Kürskäringan and Principean. Standard Tyrnican is based on a dialect of High Tyrnican and is common along the nation's Völkgürtel, while Low Tyrnican is typically spoken along the coastline of Umbrecht and in Grênstedt.

Historically, Tyrnican served as a lingua franca and was particularly seen in this capacity during the 19th and early 20th centuries; in Auressia, significant Tyrnican-speaking communities remain in Sarbéliard (Särpelgard Tyrnican), Elstock, and Avilême as a result of its widespread usage. Colonially, it has a continuing presence in King Erich's Land, Audonia, and Nova Kovaria. Its continued relevance on the global scale has resulted in its adoption as one of the three official languages of the Commonwealth.