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Lumak language: Difference between revisions

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| name            = Lumak  
| name            = Lumak  
| altname          =  
| altname          =  
| nativename      = ''Gapua Lumak''
| nativename      = ''Kaphua Lu Mak''
| pronunciation    = [kaˈpʰuə̯ luˈmak̚]
| pronunciation    = [kəˈpʰua lu mak̚]
| states          = [[Lumakia]]
| states          = [[Lumakia]]
| region          =  
| region          =  
Line 33: Line 33:
}}
}}


'''Lumak''' (Lumak: ''Gapua Lumak'' [kaˈpʰuə̯ luˈmak̚] or simply ''Lumak'' [luˈmak̚]) is a language isolate and the official language of [[Lumakia]]. It is written in the Latin script, and is the native language of [[Lumaks]]. It is spoken by approximately 26.3 million speakers, the majority of which live in Lumakia.
'''Lumak''' (Lumak: ''Kaphua Lu Mak'' [kəˈpʰua lu mak̚] or simply ''Lu Mak'' [lu mak̚]) is a language isolate and the official language of [[Lumakia]]. It is written in the Latin script, and is the native language of [[Lumaks]]. It is spoken by approximately 26.3 million speakers, the majority of which live in Lumakia.


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| m [{{IPA link|m}}]
| m [{{IPA link|m}}]
| n [{{IPA link|n}}]
| n [{{IPA link|n}}]
| nh [{{IPA link|ɲ}}]
| ny [{{IPA link|ɲ}}]
| ng [{{IPA link|ŋ}}]
| ng [{{IPA link|ŋ}}]
|
|
|-
|-
! rowspan=2| Stop
! rowspan=4| Stop
! <small>aspirated</small>
| mb [{{IPA link|ᵐb}}]
| nd [{{IPA link|ⁿd}}]
| nj [{{IPA link|ᶮɟ}}]
| mg [{{IPA link|ᵑɡ}}]
|
|-
! <small>aspirated</small>
| b [{{IPA link|b}}]
| d [{{IPA link|d}}]
| j [{{IPA link|ɟ}}]
| g [{{IPA link|g}}]
|
|-
! <small>tenuis</small>
! <small>tenuis</small>
| b [{{IPA link|p}}]
| p [{{IPA link|p}}]
| d [{{IPA link|t}}]
| t [{{IPA link|t}}]
| j [{{IPA link|tɕ}}]
| c [{{IPA link|c}}]
| g [{{IPA link|k}}]
| k [{{IPA link|k}}]
| (ʔ)
| x [{{IPA link|ʔ}}]
|-
|-
! <small>aspirated</small>
! <small>aspirated</small>
| p [{{IPA link|pʰ}}]
| ph [{{IPA link|pʰ}}]
| t [{{IPA link|tʰ}}]
| th [{{IPA link|tʰ}}]
| q [{{IPA link|tɕʰ}}]
| ch [{{IPA link|tɕʰ}}]
| k [{{IPA link|kʰ}}]
| kh [{{IPA link|kʰ}}]
|
|
|-
|-
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|-
|-
! {{wp|Close vowel|Close}}
! {{wp|Close vowel|Close}}
| {{IPA link|i}} {{IPA link|iː}}
| i [{{IPA link|i}}]
|  
|  
| {{IPA link|u}} {{IPA link|uː}}
| u [{{IPA link|u}}]
|-
|-
! {{wp|Mid vowel|Mid}}
! {{wp|Mid vowel|Mid}}
| {{IPA link|e}} {{IPA link|eː}}
| e [{{IPA link|e}}]
| {{IPA link|ə}} {{IPA link|əː}}
| [{{IPA link|ə}}]
| {{IPA link|o}} {{IPA link|oː}}
| eo [{{IPA link|ɤ}}] o [{{IPA link|o}}]
|-
|-
! {{wp|Open vowel|Open}}
! {{wp|Open vowel|Open}}
| {{IPA link|ɛ}} {{IPA link|ɛː}}
| ae [{{IPA link|ɛ}}]
| {{IPA link|a}} {{IPA link|aː}}
| a [{{IPA link|a}}]
| {{IPA link|ɔ}} {{IPA link|ɔː}}
| ao [{{IPA link|ɔ}}]
|}
|}


Diphthongs: /uə oə eə iə ie ia uo ua au eu ɛu əu ai oi ɔi əi/
Lumak syllable structure permits C(r)V(C), where only plosive and velar stops may cluster with /r/. Lumak words must begin with a consonant, but initial glottal stops are unwritten in the orthography. The vast majority of native words are monosyllabic or sequisyllabic. Sequisyllables are always Cə, with /ə/ assimilating to [u] after labials and [i] after palatals. Lumak has four diphthongs, /ua oa ia ea/.




Revision as of 19:41, 16 October 2023

Lumak
Kaphua Lu Mak
Pronunciation[kəˈpʰua lu mak̚]
Native toLumakia
EthnicityLumak
Native speakers
26.3 million (2020)
Early form
Proto-Lumak
Latin
Official status
Official language in
 Lumakia
Language codes
ISO 639-1lu
ISO 639-2lum
ISO 639-3lum
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For a guide to IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Lumak (Lumak: Kaphua Lu Mak [kəˈpʰua lu mak̚] or simply Lu Mak [lu mak̚]) is a language isolate and the official language of Lumakia. It is written in the Latin script, and is the native language of Lumaks. It is spoken by approximately 26.3 million speakers, the majority of which live in Lumakia.

Page is extremely WIP

History

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m [m] n [n] ny [ɲ] ng [ŋ]
Stop aspirated mb [ᵐb] nd [ⁿd] nj [ᶮɟ] mg [ᵑɡ]
aspirated b [b] d [d] j [ɟ] g [g]
tenuis p [p] t [t] c [c] k [k] x [ʔ]
aspirated ph [pʰ] th [tʰ] ch [tɕʰ] kh [kʰ]
Fricative s [s] h [h]
Approximant l [l] y [j] w [w]
Rhotic r [r]

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i [i] u [u]
Mid e [e] [ə] eo [ɤ] o [o]
Open ae [ɛ] a [a] ao [ɔ]

Lumak syllable structure permits C(r)V(C), where only plosive and velar stops may cluster with /r/. Lumak words must begin with a consonant, but initial glottal stops are unwritten in the orthography. The vast majority of native words are monosyllabic or sequisyllabic. Sequisyllables are always Cə, with /ə/ assimilating to [u] after labials and [i] after palatals. Lumak has four diphthongs, /ua oa ia ea/.


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