Tuhao
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Flag | |
| Anthem: Tongboman Chanjin (national) Arise, Compatriots! 俳喝解放 Bài hát giải phóng (regional) Song of Liberation | |
| Map of Tuhao in Namor Map of Tuhao in Namor | |
| Map of Tuhao Map of Tuhao | |
| Capital and largest city | Hai Nang |
| Official languages | Tuhaoese Namorese |
| Religion | Buddhism, Txoism, local folk religion |
| Demonym(s) | Tuhaoese |
| Government | Autonomous republic of Namor |
• President | Quyền Văn (ND) |
• Vice President | Dương Quang (ND) |
| Establishment | |
• Autonomous Republic | NMR 2290 |
| Population | |
• Census | 99,021,471 (5th largest in Namor) |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +340 |
The Autonomous Republic of Tuhao (Tuhaoese: 共和自治自嚎 tr. Cộng hòa tự trị Tự Hào) is an autonomous republic in northeastern Namor. It borders the Autonomous Republic of Khao on the north, East Nozama on the west, East Namor on the south and the East Namor Sea on the east. The autonomous republic makes up most of "Greater Tuhao" - a region spanning from the present Khao-Tuhaoese border in the north to the Tung River in the south.
Tuhao began as a loose confederation of tribes, but a more centralized form of government formed around the 6th century NMR with the rise of the Tunghao Kingdom. For the next several centuries, it experienced periods of rule by Kannei Namorese (called "southern dominations") and periods of independence. In the NMR 1900s, the Nguyen dynasty in Tuhao vanquished the neighboring Akka dynasty and ruled over all of Namor for the next three centuries before being overthrown in NMR 2250. Afterwards, Tuhao became a province of the Republic of Namor. It was temporarily occupied by the Liberationists in NMR 2269, who established the Namorese Democratic Republic in the capital Hai Nang. It came under Liberationist control again in NMR 2290 and was incorporated as an autonomous republic of the People's Republic of Namor.
Modern-day Tuhao is one of the most developed regions of Namor. It is the largest autonomous republic both by area and population.
Etymology
Tuhao (Tự Hào) is a variation of Hào, a name used in ancient times to describe the natives of the Tung River Delta. The name Tunghao (Đông Hào) was used by Kannei Namorese during the Bo dynasty. The name was also used by the Tuhaoese until the Ngo dynasty, when it was seen as too Namor-centric and supplanted by Đại Hào (Great Hao). Following the House of Nguyen's takeover of Namor Proper in the 20th century NMR, Đại Hào became used to describe all territories under Nguyen control, including the Tuhaoese homeland. Thus, the Tuhaoese homeland was renamed Tự Hào.
History
Prehistoric and ancient history
The first Tuhaoese emerged in the Tung River Delta in present-day East Namor. Early Tuhaoese civilization was highly decentralized, consisting of many tribes. The tribes did not fight each other for complete control of the region, as the states of the Nozama River Valley did in the pre-imperial years. However, the tribes operated within a confederacy, united by the belief that they descended from the heavens to establish a civilization on Earth.
The confederacy ended sometime around the fourth century NMR, when it was replaced by the Tunghao Kingdom. According to legend, the Tunghao came into existence after a flood devastated the Tung River Delta, killing a half of the delta's inhabitants while forcing the other half to seek refuge elsewhere. Exasperated by the flood, the various Tuhaoese tribes turned to Bắt - a chieftain and descendant of the supreme god Caode - for leadership. Bắt returned to the delta and fought a duel with the Dragon King, whom many held responsible for the damage. He defeated the Dragon King, and the people honored him by naming him King of Tunghao.
Dynastic Tuhao
Over time, the Tunghao expanded their borders to such a point that they posed a threat to the neighboring Kannei. In NMR 538, the Tunghao under King Pham Thanh Quân, invaded the Kannei Cheng dynasty and vanquished it, establishing the Pham (Fan) dynasty in its place. The Fan would later absorb the Lin dynasty in the south, uniting all of Namor under its banner. But divisions within the ruling court caused the Fan to break apart into the Northern and Southern Fan.
Tuhao entered the first period of Southern Domination after the Northern Fan was overthrown by the Kannei Tung dynasty. But in NMR 979, a rebellion led by Trieu Hữu expelled the Tung from Tuhao and established the Trieu dynasty. The Trieu dynasty lasted until NMR 1031, when an expedition by the Li dynasty successfully conquered Tuhao. The Second Southern Domination lasted longer than the first, partially due to the Li rulers' tolerance of Tuhaoese autonomy and customs.
Li rule became more oppressive after the Li dynasty was replaced by the Yung dynasty, forcing the Li's leaders to relocate to Tuhao and establish the Northern Li. The leaders of the Northern Li stripped the Tuhaoese of their autonomy and introduced a policy of conscription, forcing Tuhaoese to join the army to fight the Yung. In NMR 1208, the Northern Li was overthrown by the Tuhaoese, who established the Hung dynasty. Under the Hung, Tuhao expanded northward and conquered Khao.
The North-South divide in Namor Proper left the independence of Hung Tuhao undisturbed, although the dynasty collapsed from within in NMR 1476 when it was divided into the Tran dynasty based in the Tung River Delta and the Le dynasty based in the Xuân River Delta. The division of Tuhao enabled the takeover by the Jidu, beginning the Third Southern Domination. Tuhao's Jidu overlords attempted to impose Christianity upon the population. Not so long after Jidu rule began, the Tuhaoese rebelled. With the assistance of anti-Jidu Kannei, Ngo Quý drove away the Jidu and founded the Ngo dynasty. The Ngo dynasty secured its independence by paying tribute to the Shan dynasty and then the Akka dynasty.
Relations between Tuhao and the Akka dynasty deteriorated after the Akka decided to assist the King of Ngo, who had been expelled from the Tuhaoese capital by rebel forces in NMR 1876. The newfound Nguyen dynasty, angered by the Akka's acceptance of the request by Ngo loyalists to use Akka territory to launch attacks, waged war on the Akka, beginning the Akka-Tuhao Wars. The first war ended in a military victory for the Akka and a strategic victory for Nguyen Tuhao; while Akka fought back the Nguyen offensive, it paid an exorbitant price doing so and was forced to recognize the Nguyen as the legitimate ruler of Tuhao. The second war began after the queen of Tuhao, Nguyen Linh Tú, launched another attack on Akka soil. The queen succeeded in occupying the Tung River Delta and launched another offensive aimed at deposing the Akka dynasty once and for all. However, Nguyen Linh Tú was killed in battle and the Tuhaoese forces fell back. The queen's successor, Nguyen Quang Công, waged the third Akka-Tuhao War which successfully deposed the Akka and established the Hào dynasty in its place.
Tuhao remained the center of the Hào empire, but its significance within the empire diminished over time as the Hào expanded southward and acquired more Kannei territory. To facilitate the management of the new territories, the Hào namorized, moving the capital from Mojing to Namo and merging the Tuhaoese Provinces into a single Province of Tuhao.
Republican era
After Hào rule ended in NMR 2250, Tuhao became a province of the Republic of Namor. As a form of reprisal against the Tuhaoese, the Republican government redrew Tuhao's borders, incorporating the Tung River Delta and most territory taken by Nguyen Tuhao into East Namor. Millions of Tuhaoese living in the incorporated areas were relocated to the new province.
The opening shots of the Namorese Civil War were fired in Tuhao, where Namorese Liberationists seized control of Hai Nang and established the Namorese Democratic Republic. However, the NDR was forced to withdraw from Tuhao due to a joint counterattack by the Jung To regime and the Choreans.
Tuhao was among the first territories of Namor to come under Chorean occupation in the Namo-Chorean War. The Choreans established the Independent Kingdom of Tuhao, a puppet state that was later merged with Chorean-occupied territories in Namor Proper to become the Empire of Namor. Some Tuhaoese supported the Chorean occupation, viewing the Choreans as liberators who fought for their independence, but as economic conditions worsened and repression intensified under the Choreans, opposition to the occupation grew. In west Tuhao, Tuhaoese partisans resisted Chorean occupation through guerrilla warfare, although they were unable to pose a major military threat to the Choreans for most of the war. Following the Chorean surrender in NMR 2284, Tuhao was peacefully returned to Namorese control.
The Namorese Civil War in Tuhao from NMR 2285 to NMR 2290 was a three-way conflict between the Liberationists, Republicans and Tuhaoese separatists. In NMR 2287, Antelope Yunglang met with separatist leader An Trai and proposed the establishment of autonomous republics in regions dominated by ethnic minorities should the Liberationists win the war. An accepted the proposal, retracted his support for Tuhaoese independence and agreed to form a united front with the Liberationists.
The Republican forces in Tuhao surrendered to the Liberationists in June NMR 2290, three months after the Liberationists had established the People's Republic of Namor. As promised, the Liberationists designated Tuhao as an autonomous republic.
People's Republic
Tuhao enjoyed nominal autonomy under Liberationist rule. While the President was officially the most powerful figure in the region, real power laid in the hands of the regional party secretary, as was the case in other parts of the country.
At the height of the Green Fever, forces allied with Minister of Defense Shi Lasha seized control of Tuhaoese cities and military installations and established a rival Liberationist government that challenged the authority of Party Chairman Antelope Yunglang and President-General Kiang Ssxu. Although the insurrection only lasted a few weeks before it was suppressed by the Liberation Army, it pressured Namo to scale back the Fever for the next several years. After the Fever ended, power was gradually transferred to the regional government.
Tuhao held its first direct presidential vote in NMR 2335 which coincided with the first nationwide presidential election.
Governance
Administrative divisions
Tuhao consists of 14 prefectures (郡, quận), five of which are prefecture-level cities (城舖级郡, Thành phố cấp quận). In addition, it has a total of 100 counties (省痢, tỉnh lỵ).
| Prefecture name (Namorese name) | Chữ Hào | Prefectural seat |
|---|---|---|
| Hái Nẵng (Demigang) | 𠄩囊 | Hái Nẵng (city proper) |
| Cua Gian (Gukan) | 蛄間 | Cua Gian (city proper) |
| Thu Quay (Sunin) | 水拐 | Thu Quay (city proper) |
| Va Thanh (Batzen) | 巴清 | Va Thanh (city proper) |
| To Nhũ (Daino) | 𡚢乳 | To Nhũ (city proper) |
| Vinh Xanh (Nenkan) | 榮撑 | Nho Nhu |
| Vu Tham (Gasun) | 竽參 | Thanh Binh |
| Hon Dao (Gunto) | 烘謠 | The Hoi |
| Trung Thay (Jungtai) | 中台 | Dai Luc |
| Quan Bac (Kanpei) | 関北 | Ba Pho |
| Tu Nam (Tzinan) | 字南 | Viec Lam |
| Tu Trung (Tzijung) | 字中 | Tay Kinh |
| Tu Bac (Tzipei) | 字北 | Cuu Long |
| Binh Minh (Richu) | 平明 | Cảng Niết Bàn |
Political system
Tuhao has a presidential system with power shared between the executive, legislative and judicial branches.
The head of state and government is the President (主僻, Chủ Tịch), who is directly elected every five years. The regional constitution mandates that the President must be a natural-born citizen of Tuhao and at least 35 years of age. Constitutional powers of the President include the appointment of officials (regional judges, prosecutors and cabinet members), the veto of laws, and the signing of treaties on behalf of Tuhao that do not concern areas that are under the sole jurisdiction of the central government, such as foreign affairs and defense.
The Regional Assembly (會區域, Hội Khu Vực) is the unicameral legislature of Tuhao. It consists of 140 deputies, with each prefecture represented by 10 deputies elected by party-list proportional representation. The Regional Assembly has the power to pass laws, confirm presidential appointments, ratify treaties and impeach government officials, including the President. Elections for Regional Assembly are held every five years and coincide with presidential elections. If a legislative seat is vacated, it must be filled in a replacement election no later than six months after the first day of vacancy.
The Regional Supreme People's Court (法庭人民最高區域, Pháp Đình Nhân Dân Tối Cao Khu Vực) or RSPC is the highest court in the region. It is responsible for settling constitutional and legal cases within the region. While the RSPC has a right to original jurisdiction, it rarely exercises this right, leaving most cases to be first heard in lower-level courts.
Since democratization in the NMR 2320s and NMR 2330s, Tuhaoese have become more economically and socially liberal, favoring both limited government involvement in the economy and decentralization. Consequently, Tuhao is among the most decentralized regions in Namor, with prefectures and counties holding considerable power. Tuhaoese traditionally align with the New Democrats due to the popular perception of left-wing parties such as the Liberationists as authoritarian and corrupt.
Military
As an autonomous republic, Tuhao is allowed to maintain a regional paramilitary that answers to the regional government. The Tuhaoese Regional Security Forces (TRSF, 力量安寧區域自嚎, Lực lượng an ninh khi vực Tự Hào) is primarily responsible for the internal stability of the region. The TRSF may be activated by the President or the Regional Assembly during a state of emergency. During a state of national emergency, the TRSF serves as a supplement to the Namorese Liberation Army and assists the NLA in military operations. As a regional paramilitary force, the TRSF cannot pose a military threat to the NLA, nor can it buy armaments other than those provided by the NLA.
Due to the TRSF's limited budget, Tuhao - like other autonomous republics - relies heavily on the central government and the NLA for defense matters.
Society
Ethnic groups
Tuhao's population is mostly ethnic Tuhaoese, with Tuhaoese making up 85.7% of the regional population.
Tuhaoese people are among the descendants of the Hào - a group of un-Namorized peoples who inhabited the Tung River Delta and its surrounding area. Over time, the Hào peoples spread as part of the Great Monic Migration, with some groups remaining in the Tung River Delta and becoming the Tunghao and others migrating northward to where Khao and Tuhao are situated today.
Besides Tuhaoese, there exists a minority population of Kannei Namorese and Khao people in the region. Most Kannei in Tuhao reside in the southern and western parts of the region, near the borders with East Namor and East Nozama, while most Khao reside near the border with the autonomous republic of Khao in the north.
Most ethnic Tuhaoese speak Tuhaoese, which is the official language of the region along with Namorese. They use a writing system called Chữ Hào , which is related with the Namorese Ventzi but employs unique characters to represent certain words. Despite efforts to develop a new script for written Tuhaoese that is similar to the one officially recognized for written Namorese, Chữ Hào remains the official script as many Tuhaoese view it as a symbol of their heritage.
Religion
A majority of Tuhaoese are irreligious or practice a Tuhaoese variant of Namorese folk religion, commonly known as Tuhaoese folk religion. While Tuhaoese folk religion share many similarities with mainstream Namorese (Kannei) belief systems, it is generally more organized and syncretic than their mainstream counterparts.
The Cult of Yenfang (Bà Rồng in Tuhaoese) is the most popular among Tuhaoese worshipers. Yenfang is traditionally seen as the founder of the Hào people; according to legend, she brought along 100 followers to the Tung River Delta, where she established her own kingdom. The 100 followers became the ancestors of the modern Tuhaoese, with each follower representing one of the hundred Tuhaoese surnames. Hundreds of Yenfang Temples are located throughout Tuhao, with the largest being the Temple of Bà Rồng in Linh Thieng.
The coastal region of Tuhao is home to a small Christian minority. Most Tuhaoese Christians are recent converts.
Education
As a region of Namor, education in Tuhao is similar to that in the rest of Namor, with a 12-year universal public education system in place. Schools in Tuhao are bilingual - most classes are taught in Tuhaoese, although mathematics and science classes are taught in Standard Namorese.
Tuhao is home to 52 institutions of higher learning. The region's largest public university, Hai Nang University, opened in NMR 2284 as a private institution but was nationalized by the government after the Liberationist revolution.
Largest cities
Template:Largest cities in Tuhao
Economy
Culture
Holidays
Because of its status as an autonomous republic, Tuhao has the power to establish its own public holidays. National public holidays, which are established by the Central Council, are also observed in Tuhao. Below is a list of public holidays that are unique to Tuhao.
| Date | Name | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1st day of 1st lunar month | Lunar New Year (節元旦 - Tết Nguyen Đán) | Falls on the same day as Shintsun in Namor Proper |
| 15 March | Victory Day (𣈜戰勝 - Ngày chiến thắng) | Commemorates the day Chorean forces in Tuhao surrendered to Namorese forces |
| 20 April | Republic Day (𣈜共和 - Ngày Cộng Hoà) | Commemorates the ratification of the Tuhaoese Constitution |
| 8th day of 4th lunar month | Buddha's Birthday (禮佛誕 - Lễ Phật Đản) | Commemorates the birth of Buddha |
| 5th day of the 5th lunar month | Bà Rồng Festival (節婆龍 - Tết Bà Rồng ) | Commemorates the goddess Yenfang's accession to the throne |