Cutinsua: Difference between revisions
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| year_leader1 = tbd | | year_leader1 = tbd | ||
| event_start = Formation of the League | | event_start = Formation of the League | ||
| year_start = | | year_start = 1324 | ||
| date_start = | | date_start = | ||
| event1 = Conquest of [[Oruras]] | | event1 = Conquest of [[Oruras]] | ||
| date_event1 = | | date_event1 = 1336 | ||
| event_end = [[Ruttish conquest of Cutinsua|Conquest]] by [[Ruttland]] | | event_end = [[Ruttish conquest of Cutinsua|Conquest]] by [[Ruttland]] | ||
| year_end = | | year_end = 1530 | ||
| date_end = | | date_end = | ||
| p1 = Andavaila | | p1 = Andavaila | ||
| Line 43: | Line 43: | ||
| image_map = Cutinsua territorial extent.png | | image_map = Cutinsua territorial extent.png | ||
| image_map_caption = Cutinsua at its greatest extent, c. 1530, overlaid over modern Aucuria | | image_map_caption = Cutinsua at its greatest extent, c. 1530, overlaid over modern Aucuria | ||
| capital = [[Andavaila]] <small>( | | capital = [[Andavaila]] <small>(1324-1528, ''de facto'')</small><br>[[Čačapojas]] <small>(1528-1530, ''de facto'')</small> | ||
|official_languages = {{wp|Classical Quechua|Runanca}} | |official_languages = {{wp|Classical Quechua|Runanca}} | ||
|common_languages = {{wp|Aymara language|Kirua}}, others | |common_languages = {{wp|Aymara language|Kirua}}, others | ||
| Line 51: | Line 51: | ||
| today = {{flag|Aucuria}}<br>{{flag|Nuvania}} | | today = {{flag|Aucuria}}<br>{{flag|Nuvania}} | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''League of Five Cities''' ({{wp|Classical Quechua|Classical Runanca}}: ''Hunju Pičqantin Laqtakuna''), more commonly known as '''Cutinsua''' (Classical Runanca: ''Sunquntinsuyu''; {{wp|Aymaran language|Kirua}}: ''Lluquayllu''), was an alliance of five {{wp|Quechua people|Runanca}} {{wp|City-state|city-states}} - [[Andavaila]], [[Čačapojas]], [[Suljanas]], [[Lambajekė]], and [[Akarajas]] - that ruled much of northern [[Aucuria]] from | The '''League of Five Cities''' ({{wp|Classical Quechua|Classical Runanca}}: ''Hunju Pičqantin Laqtakuna''), more commonly known as '''Cutinsua''' (Classical Runanca: ''Sunquntinsuyu''; {{wp|Aymaran language|Kirua}}: ''Lluquayllu''), was an alliance of five {{wp|Quechua people|Runanca}} {{wp|City-state|city-states}} - [[Andavaila]], [[Čačapojas]], [[Suljanas]], [[Lambajekė]], and [[Akarajas]] - that ruled much of northern [[Aucuria]] from 1324 until its [[Ruttish conquest of Aucuria|conquest]] by the [[Ruttland|Ruttish]] ''{{wp|Conquistador|užkariautojas}}'' [[Jurgis Leikauskas]] in 1530. | ||
The League of Five Cities was formed in response to the military expansion of the [[Kingdom of Oruras]], which was perceived as an existential threat by its founding members. The League subsequently defeated and conquered Oruras in a series of wars, and expanded from its heartland in the [[Vaskaranas Mountains]] to control much of northern Aucuria through a mixture of diplomacy, assimilation, intimidation, and conquest. Though nominally an equal alliance between all five of the League's founding members, Andavaila quickly became the dominant member politically, economically, and militarily, steadily forcing the others into subsidiary roles. | The League of Five Cities was formed in response to the military expansion of the [[Kingdom of Oruras]], which was perceived as an existential threat by its founding members. The League subsequently defeated and conquered Oruras in a series of wars, and expanded from its heartland in the [[Vaskaranas Mountains]] to control much of northern Aucuria through a mixture of diplomacy, assimilation, intimidation, and conquest. Though nominally an equal alliance between all five of the League's founding members, Andavaila quickly became the dominant member politically, economically, and militarily, steadily forcing the others into subsidiary roles. | ||
| Line 57: | Line 57: | ||
At its peak, Cutinsua controlled almost all of northern Aucuria and some regions of northeastern [[Nuvania]]. Cutinsuan rule was {{wp|Hegemony|hegemonic}} and often indirect, with local elites permitted to retain their titles if they paid tribute to the League and the leaders of polities that resisted replaced by semi-autonomous stewards appointed by Andavaila. Cutinsua developed a complex system of {{wp|Inca road system|roads}}, {{wp|Tambo (Incan structure)|inns}}, and {{wp|Qullqa|warehouses}} to facilitate administration and trade, constructed monumental works of {{wp|Inca architecture|architecture}}, used knotted strings called {{wp|Quipu|kipu}} for record-keeping, and oversaw a flourishing of textile-making, metalworking, and agriculture. Notably, the empire functioned largely without money, with the exchange of goods & services handled through {{wp|Ayni|reciprocity}} and taxes paid through the ''{{wp|mit'a}}'' and ''{{wp|Minka (communal work)|minka}}'' systems of {{wp|corvée}} labor. [[Cutinsuan religion]] was highly {{wp|Polytheism|polytheistic}}, centered around a litany of deities and {{wp|Huaca|sacred objects}}. | At its peak, Cutinsua controlled almost all of northern Aucuria and some regions of northeastern [[Nuvania]]. Cutinsuan rule was {{wp|Hegemony|hegemonic}} and often indirect, with local elites permitted to retain their titles if they paid tribute to the League and the leaders of polities that resisted replaced by semi-autonomous stewards appointed by Andavaila. Cutinsua developed a complex system of {{wp|Inca road system|roads}}, {{wp|Tambo (Incan structure)|inns}}, and {{wp|Qullqa|warehouses}} to facilitate administration and trade, constructed monumental works of {{wp|Inca architecture|architecture}}, used knotted strings called {{wp|Quipu|kipu}} for record-keeping, and oversaw a flourishing of textile-making, metalworking, and agriculture. Notably, the empire functioned largely without money, with the exchange of goods & services handled through {{wp|Ayni|reciprocity}} and taxes paid through the ''{{wp|mit'a}}'' and ''{{wp|Minka (communal work)|minka}}'' systems of {{wp|corvée}} labor. [[Cutinsuan religion]] was highly {{wp|Polytheism|polytheistic}}, centered around a litany of deities and {{wp|Huaca|sacred objects}}. | ||
In | In 1528, Cutinsuan envoys met with [[Jurgis Leikauskas]] and invited him to Andavaila. While there, Leikauskas met with envoys from Čačapojas, Suljanas, and Akarajas who relayed to him their resentment of Andavailan dominance within the League. Leikauskas agreed to aid them in a rebellion against Andavaila, which saw forces from Andavaila and Lambajekė repeatedly defeated and Andavaila itself [[Fall of Andavaila|viciously sacked]] in October of the same year. Čačapojas, Suljanas, and Akarajas subsequently seized a leading role in a rump League of Five Cities; however, their relations with Leikauskas and his forces quickly broke down, and, by 1530, Ruttish ''užkariautojai'' had destroyed their former allies, completing the [[Ruttish conquest of Cutinsua]]. | ||
While efforts were made to revive the League by several indigenous revolts, most famously the 1608-1612 [[Great Cutinsuan Revolt]], none of these efforts were successful. Nonetheless, Cutinsuan and neo-Cutinsuan resistance to Ruttish and, later, [[Rudolphine Confederation|Rudolphine]] colonialism became important symbolically to {{wp|Indigenous rights|indigenous rights movements}} among the {{wp|Quechua people|Runanca}} and {{wp|Aymara people|Kirua}} in contemporary Aucuria. | While efforts were made to revive the League by several indigenous revolts, most famously the 1608-1612 [[Great Cutinsuan Revolt]], none of these efforts were successful. Nonetheless, Cutinsuan and neo-Cutinsuan resistance to Ruttish and, later, [[Rudolphine Confederation|Rudolphine]] colonialism became important symbolically to {{wp|Indigenous rights|indigenous rights movements}} among the {{wp|Quechua people|Runanca}} and {{wp|Aymara people|Kirua}} in contemporary Aucuria. | ||
Revision as of 08:18, 27 May 2022
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League of Five Cities Hunju Pičqantin Laqtakuna | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1324–1530 | |||||||||||||||||||
  Attested banners of the League of Five Cities | |||||||||||||||||||
 Cutinsua at its greatest extent, c. 1530, overlaid over modern Aucuria | |||||||||||||||||||
| Capital | Andavaila (1324-1528, de facto) Čačapojas (1528-1530, de facto) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Official languages | Runanca | ||||||||||||||||||
| Common languages | Kirua, others | ||||||||||||||||||
| Religion | Cutinsuan religion | ||||||||||||||||||
| Demonym(s) | Cutinsuan | ||||||||||||||||||
| Government | Hegemonic confederation of allied city-states | ||||||||||||||||||
| Hanan Qhapaq | |||||||||||||||||||
• tbd | tbd | ||||||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||||||
• Formation of the League | 1324 | ||||||||||||||||||
• Conquest of Oruras | 1336 | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1530 | |||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||
| Today part of |  Aucuria Nuvania | ||||||||||||||||||
The League of Five Cities (Classical Runanca: Hunju Pičqantin Laqtakuna), more commonly known as Cutinsua (Classical Runanca: Sunquntinsuyu; Kirua: Lluquayllu), was an alliance of five Runanca city-states - Andavaila, Čačapojas, Suljanas, Lambajekė, and Akarajas - that ruled much of northern Aucuria from 1324 until its conquest by the Ruttish užkariautojas Jurgis Leikauskas in 1530.
The League of Five Cities was formed in response to the military expansion of the Kingdom of Oruras, which was perceived as an existential threat by its founding members. The League subsequently defeated and conquered Oruras in a series of wars, and expanded from its heartland in the Vaskaranas Mountains to control much of northern Aucuria through a mixture of diplomacy, assimilation, intimidation, and conquest. Though nominally an equal alliance between all five of the League's founding members, Andavaila quickly became the dominant member politically, economically, and militarily, steadily forcing the others into subsidiary roles.
At its peak, Cutinsua controlled almost all of northern Aucuria and some regions of northeastern Nuvania. Cutinsuan rule was hegemonic and often indirect, with local elites permitted to retain their titles if they paid tribute to the League and the leaders of polities that resisted replaced by semi-autonomous stewards appointed by Andavaila. Cutinsua developed a complex system of roads, inns, and warehouses to facilitate administration and trade, constructed monumental works of architecture, used knotted strings called kipu for record-keeping, and oversaw a flourishing of textile-making, metalworking, and agriculture. Notably, the empire functioned largely without money, with the exchange of goods & services handled through reciprocity and taxes paid through the mit'a and minka systems of corvée labor. Cutinsuan religion was highly polytheistic, centered around a litany of deities and sacred objects.
In 1528, Cutinsuan envoys met with Jurgis Leikauskas and invited him to Andavaila. While there, Leikauskas met with envoys from Čačapojas, Suljanas, and Akarajas who relayed to him their resentment of Andavailan dominance within the League. Leikauskas agreed to aid them in a rebellion against Andavaila, which saw forces from Andavaila and Lambajekė repeatedly defeated and Andavaila itself viciously sacked in October of the same year. Čačapojas, Suljanas, and Akarajas subsequently seized a leading role in a rump League of Five Cities; however, their relations with Leikauskas and his forces quickly broke down, and, by 1530, Ruttish užkariautojai had destroyed their former allies, completing the Ruttish conquest of Cutinsua.
While efforts were made to revive the League by several indigenous revolts, most famously the 1608-1612 Great Cutinsuan Revolt, none of these efforts were successful. Nonetheless, Cutinsuan and neo-Cutinsuan resistance to Ruttish and, later, Rudolphine colonialism became important symbolically to indigenous rights movements among the Runanca and Kirua in contemporary Aucuria.
Etymology
The official name of the polity commonly referred to as Cutinsua was the League of Five Cities (Classical Runanca: Hunju Pičqantin Laqtakuna), in reference to the five city-states - Andavaila, Čačapojas, Suljanas, Lambajekė, and Akarajas - which were its founding members. These five founding members were nominally co-equal within the polity, with later members being accorded a subordinate status; in practice, the alliance was dominated by Andavaila, which was the location of the League's official meeting site and its treasury.
Cutinsuans sometimes euphemistically referred to their polity as "the middle territories" (Runanca: Sunquntinsuyu; Kirua: Lluquayllu), as they believed it to be situated upon the middle of the world. When Ruttish explorers and colonists arrived in the region, they rendered the Runanca Sunquntinsuyu into Ruttish as Kutinsuja, which subsequently became the source of the English "Cutinsua".
History
Antecedents
[previous civilizations in the vaskaranas]
Formation
The Runanca people are known to have been present in north-central Aucuria, practicing a semi-sedentary form of pastoralism, by the 13th century; their relationship to the preceding Kulkinčas culture is unclear... [origins of runanca civilization; formation of the city-states]
[league formed to prevent runanca city-states being conquered by oruras]
Early expansion
[conquest of oruras]
Later expansion and consolidation
[1400s-1500s expansion]
Ruttish conquest
The last Cutinsuans
Government
[general structure of league membership - the five original cities, voluntary member cities & tributaries, conquered polities]
[administration within the five original cities]
[structures for administering the league; also legal/judicial structures]
[administration of voluntary member cities & tributaries]
[administration of conquered polities]
Society
Religion
Economy
[domestic economy]
[artifacts prove trade relations with Térachu, the Mwiska, and the Nati & Mutu peoples of the Arucian, but also with Tzapotla, Calkhun, and Itzel ]
