Tyrnica

Grand Kingdom of Tyrnica Gewaltig-Königreich Týrland (Tyrnican)
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: "Wegen der kälde erlangen stärke" "Through the cold comes strength"
Anthem: März des Nordens "March of the North"
Location of  Tyrnica  (dark green) – in Auressia  (green & dark grey) – in the Commonwealth  (green)
Capital	Vedayen-Königspfalz 55°43′N 17°39′E
Largest city	Stierstandt
Official languages	Tyrnican
Recognised regional languages	Kürskaringan, Ornish
Demonym(s)	Tyrnican
Government	Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
• Monarch	Frederick IV
• Chancellor	Kristen Lehmann
Legislature	Rechtzuhör
• Upper house	Haus des Königsrath
• Lower house	Haus der Volksvertreter
Establishment
• Coronation of Audun I	1 November 463
• Union with Kürskäringar	16 September 1479
• Valschaffën Act	8 June 1783
• Adoption of Constitution	20 February 1914
Area
• Total	2,199,498 km2 (849,231 sq mi)
Population
• 2020 census	67,413,974
• Density	30.6/km2 (79.3/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	2020 estimate
• Total	$4.039 trillion (2nd)
• Per capita	$59,923
GDP (nominal)	2020 estimate
• Total	$3.539 trillion (1st)
• Per capita	$52,498
Gini (2020)	27.3 low
HDI (2020)	0.943 very high
Currency	Commonwealth mark (Ϻ) (COM)
Time zone	UTC+1 (Central Auressian Time)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (Central Auressian Summer Time)
Date format	dd-mm-yyyy (CE)
Driving side	left
Calling code	+07
Internet TLD	.tr and .kn

Tyrnica (/tɜrnɪkɑː/; Tyrnican: Týrland, pronounced /tɪərleɪnd/), officially the Grand Kingdom of Tyrnica (Tyrnican: Gewaltig-Königreich Týrland) but also known as the North and the Kingdom of the North, is a sovereign state located in Central Auressia. It is bordered on the north by the Northern Ocean, on the east by Pelemia, and shares maritime borders with Blayk to the west. Tyrnica is comprised of twelve constituent regions within 2,199,498 square kilometres, and possesses a population of 67.4 million. The legislative and royal capital rests within Vedayen-Königspfalz, which is the nation's second largest urban centre following the city of Stierstandt. Other major cities include Valschaffën, Audrache, Hasserstadt, Schwarzeberg, Evverkäben, Karsfjord, Rechevary and Laubbachen.

The region that now comprises present-day Tyrnica has been inhabited by ancient humans since 600,000 BCE, and by Isaric peoples since approximately 700 BCE. The Sabarine Empire had established tributary states in the area by 100 CE, and formed a provincial government during the 4th century. In 463 CE, Audun I became the first King of the Tyrnicans, which contributed to the Fall of Sabaria and the end of Antiquity in Auressia. During the Middle Ages, Tyrnica was gradually united over several centuries as part of a period known as the Vereinigung (“unification”), until Tyrnica entered a personal union with Kürskäringar in 1479. The first Tyrnican colonies were established towards the end of the 16th century, and its colonial empire would go on to rival that of other Auressian powers.

In the early 19th century, Tyrnica orchestrated the Compromises of the Great Upheaval and supplanted the authority of Blayk and Rythene to become the global leader in cultural, military and economic influence. This state of affairs persisted until the ratification of the Treaty of Arden in 1913, which ended Tyrnican involvement in the Great War. Thereafter, Tyrnica’s status was reduced to that of a pariah state until its participation in the Second Great War restored relations with its neighbours. Over the course of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, Tyrnica has maintained a stable position on the global scale, undergoing a process of decolonisation and rapid economic growth.

Tyrnica is a developed country with the world’s second-largest economy by nominal GDP and the fourth-largest by purchasing power parity. It is a high-income social market economy that places emphasis on arms, automobile and technology manufacturing, with a burgeoning service sector. The nation also holds the third-highest Human Development Index rating in the world, and performs favourably in a number of national performance listings including health, education, quality of life, economic freedom and the protection of human rights and liberties.

The Grand Kingdom of Tyrnica is a great power that wields considerable influence across the globe, maintaining the ability to engage in power projection. Tyrnica is a founding member of the Commonwealth of Northern Auressia as well as the Auressian Community, and participates in a number of other intergovernmental organisations dedicated to global peace, security and development. Its military expenditure is the sixth-highest in the world, and despite being a recognised nuclear weapons state, it expressed possible commitment to a nuclear disarmament programme in 2016. Tyrnica is renowned as a cultural nexus and is the birthplace of many varieties of the arts, philosophy, science and music.

Etymology

Etymologically, the name Tyrnica is a Sabarisation of the native Týrland, which is in turn derived from the name of the most prominent deity in Isaric paganism. Ultimately, the term stems from *Dyēus, which was the name of the proto-Auressian chief deity typically associated with the daylight sky.

Originally pronounced as (/tɪərnikɑː/), the common pronunciation of Tyrnica has since changed to (/tɜrnɪkɑː/), but earlier forms are still used and recognised. In Tyrnican, the native Týrland is pronounced only as (/tɪərleɪnd/) or (/tɪərlɑːnd/).

History

Prehistory

The Tyrnican region is believed to have been occupied by ancient humans since 600,000 BCE. The Virkaevahn Man is well-known for being one of the oldest and most well-preserved examples of early human life, while ancient flutes and pipes show the existence of musical instruments in Tyrnica as early as 48,000 BCE.

Antiquity

The earliest emergence of proto-Isaric peoples can be traced to the late Bronze Age in the vicinity of modern-day Velcalår. Archaeological, genealogical and linguistic evidence suggests that circa 700 BCE, the inhabitants of the area began to take on an increasingly homogeneous profile as the population grew larger. During the same time period, the coastline of south-western Tyrnica was settled by Savolian city-states who established colonies in order to trade with the local inhabitants. By 100 BCE, cooling weather conditions necessitated Isaric peoples to settle on the Tyrnican mainland, spreading across Central Auressia and displacing the Rubic tribes of the region before coming into contact with the Sabarine Republic. Sabarine ambitions in the area were curtailed by a series of internal crises leading to the establishment of the Empire, although several Tyrnican tribes had been reduced tributaries by 100 CE.

Over a period of approximately 200 years, much of western Tyrnica (modern-day Westlicht and Drachesien) was incorporated into Sabaria as an imperial province of the same name. While the Emperor was responsible for appointing a governor to the area, actual authority usually fell to local chieftains, whose power was vastly increased by their adoption of Sabarine customs. Consequently, Imperial control of Tyrnica also enabled a massive influx of Isaric tribes into Sabarine society as foederati, and fostered the establishment of “Tyrnican legions” within the Sabarine military.

In 460, the Sabarine Emperor appointed Audun of Pons Aelius as dux of the province, aiming to quell growing unrest from the native polities. Ultimately, however, the assassination of Septimus Taurinus in 463 proved to be the catalyst for Audun's decision to declare himself King of the Tyrnicans; in Sabaria, the subsequent power struggle within the Senate forestalled any attempts to re-establish imperial control over the Tyrnican states. Most Sabarine soldiers serving in Tyrnica quickly went over to the Audonian regime, with the situation in the Occident rapidly deteriorating. With the collapse of Sabarine authority in Tyrnica, many Isaric tribes entered the Empire en masse, rather than as foederati; the Blakes invaded Transalpine Vervillia in 470.

Audun I, the first King of the Tyrnicans.

Early Middle Ages

• Policy of Vereinigung (reunification of Isaric peoples) becomes the primary focus of Tyrnican monarchs.
• In Kürskäringar, the emergence of vikings triggers a period of raiding and settlement across northwestern Auressia.

Late Middle Ages

• Fifty Years' War with Blayk sees the Blaykish monarchs contesting the Tyrnican throne, with Tyrnica emerging victorious from the conflict.
• Tyrnican control of the Strait of Khovaar (and thus northern Galeo-Hemetrian trade routes) results in a slow start to colonisation; its first settlement in eastern Marceaunia is nearly a century later than the settlement of Albrennia by the Rythenean Rotiferists.
• Kürskäringar is drawn into a personal union with Tyrnica in 1479, ending the Vereinigung.

Early Modern Period

• Tyrnicans settle in the New World by the start of the 17th century. St. Suibert's Land is eventually annexed by Rythene.
• Ornaland falls under Tyrnican control in the late 1700s.

Late Modern Period

• The War of the Tyrnican Succession pits Tyrnica and Blayk against Rythene and Vervillia, ending the Blaco-Vervillian Union.

The eruption of the Rythenean Revolution in 1790 provoked outrage in Auressia, and many states — including Gilbertine Blayk — actively condemned the republicans in Rythene. Ultimately, Tyrnica broke from by becoming the first nation to recognise the Republic as a legitimate government in Insular Rythene; however, it did not officially lend its support to the Matthews administration and urged both parties to reach a peaceful resolution. As the Great Upheaval began to take root, a succession of Tyrnican governments became increasingly wary of revolutionary sentiment spreading eastwards. and took steps to appease the monarchy in Casmire by scaling back support for the Republic. However, with Tyrnican ties in both Rythenean states, neither Insular nor Continental Rythene maintained a close relationship with Tyrnica and its government in the waning days of the 18th century. This left the Tyrnicans isolated from Auressian affairs as a revolutionary wave swept the continent: in Palia, Blayk, and Sulatia, republican governments rose up in the place of erstwhile monarchies, sparking widespread apprehension that Tyrnica could face a similar fate.

In 1801, the Blaykish National Assembly seized the Tyrnican territory of Sarbéliard, in an attempt to eliminate the remaining Gilbertines along the Blaykish coast. Although a small Tyrnican force under the Burgrave von Clausbruch was dispatched to defend the city, it was quickly defeated by National Assembly forces, and the Tyrnican government sued for peace eighteen months later. Chancellor Joachim von Allingen’s ineffectual response to the crisis — and the Upheaval as a whole — sparked the first motion of no confidence in a sitting chancellor. His subsequent dismissal in 1803 led to the appointment of Berend Walbaum, who gained traction in Parliament due to his strong pro-interventionist and pragmatist diplomatic stance; Walbaum’s government provided decisive economic aid to the Rythenean Republic — reigniting the long-held enmity between the Rythenean and Tyrnican monarchies — but remained opposed to outright intervention in the ongoing conflict between Hyreathe and Casmire. It also made overtures to cooperate with republican Palia, who held much of the balance of power in Western Auressia, but did not directly involve Tyrnica in the ongoing wars in the Occident.

The four most influential figures of Tyrnica in the Upheaval: Nicholas II, Berend Walbaum, Ludwig von Clausbruch, and Adelar von Maustadt-Halle.

When the Orpanists gained the majority in the Blaykish National Assembly, Tyrnica joined Avilême and Vervillia in forming the Coalition for the Protection of Sovereign States. Following the invasion of Avilême in 1810, the three nations declared war on Blayk and rebuffed Orpanist skirmishes in the Vervillian Alps. After it became clear that the Coalition was dedicated to the defense of Avilême, Pommeraie’s ministry concentrated its power on disrupting Tyrnican trade in the Hesperian Ocean. However, when Blaykish ships mistakenly fired on a Tyrnican frigate near the Cape of Litavie, the war escalated and several other nations intervened on both sides. In spite of positive relations between Tyrnica and the Rythenean Republic, the Morris administration ultimately allied itself with Orpanist Blayk; conversely, royalist Rythene ostensibly supported the Coalition. Generally, this sudden reversal of the status quo is commonly attributed to the late-stage Upheaval idea — propagated by the Pommeraie government — that the continued existence of republics and monarchies could only be ensured by the obliteration of the other. Nonetheless, direct fighting between Rythenean republicans and Tyrnican forces remained rare and was a pro forma occurrence when it did happen; it entirely ceased when John VII invaded Insular Rythene in 1813, and Tyrnica pivoted its attitude towards Casmire. Despite being superficially aligned with the Kingdom of Rythene, Tyrnican forces in King Erich's Land lent their support to Robert Morris in his fight for Audonian independence. Adelar Sigmund, the Graf von Maustadt-Halle, was a close companion and rumoured lover of the future Audonian president; their collaboration in the war would form the basis for warm Audonia–Tyrnica relations during much of the 19th century.

The Coalition achieved nominal victory in Auressia after the 1815 Battle of Montigné, and Ludwig von Clausbruch led a series of assaults on remaining Orpanist strongholds throughout Blayk. The election of the pro-restoration Liberals under Mathys de Garlande ended the legitimacy of the Orpanists, and reasserted order in Blayk. Concurrently, the efforts of Chancellor Walbaum and Nicholas II saw the beginning of a peace settlement between the feuding Auressian states, aiming to end the conflicts of the Upheaval — but also to address grievances that had existed as far back as the Eleven Years’ War. Originally, the Tyrnicans aimed to host the convention in Vedayen-Königspfalz in order to minimise expenses, and possibly to emphasise their own importance; however, resistance from other Auressian states led to the selection of Sabaria instead, with a plenary meeting scheduled for May 1816. Ultimately, the congress — which lasted until September — would only meet in a plenary session once, with most negotiation being independently organised; the leading statesmen and diplomats met with each other strictly under their own volition.

• The Upheaval sees Tyrnica emerge as the foremost power in Auressia. The historiographic period from 1813 (annexation of Avilême) to 1913 (Treaty of Arden) is sometimes known as the Tyrnicae Saeculum (meaning the "Tyrnican Century" or "Age")
• Tyrnica triumphs over Rythene in the Tea War, solidifying its place as the preeminent world power of the 19th century. A subsequent conflict in 1873 crushes the Rythenean military; thereafter, it cannot effectively stand against Tyrnica until 1908.

Contemporary Period

• Forms the primary axis of the Galene League from 1908–1913. Its unilateral withdrawal from the First Great War, codified by the Treaty of Arden, is made in the interest of self-preservation and the other nations within the Galene League quickly sever ties with Tyrnica following the betrayal.
• The period of 1913–1937 is an era of isolationism for the Tyrnicans. In spite of its status as a pariah nation, the Tyrnican Constitution is codified and living standards slowly improve in the wake of the war.
• Tyrnica joins the Coalition in the Second Great War, reconciling with Rythene in 1938 and achieving victory by 1943.
• The Commonwealth of Northern Auressia is formed in the latter half of the 20th century.

Geography

Geography of Tyrnica

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  Autumnal forest near Weidenhain

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  River Essar in Valschaffën

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  Glacial valley in southern Umbrecht

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  Farmland east of Ardarschweig

Tyrnica is located in Central Auressia, bordering Pelemia to the east, and sharing maritime borders with Blayk to the west (although the two countries are connected by the Arden-Karsfjord Crossing). It is enclosed by the Northern Ocean and the Galene Sea, as well as the Strait of Khovaar which separates Central and Western Auressia. The territory of Tyrnica spans approximately 2,199,498 km² (849,231 sq mi), making it the largest country in Auressia by surface area and the 5th-largest in the world. 2,176,918 km² (426,198 sq mi) of its area is land, with 22,580 km² (8,718 sq mi) consisting of water in the form of perennial rivers and lakes.

Biodiversity

The Tyrnican wolf is the national animal of Tyrnica.

Politics

Government

Tyrnica is a unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy, operating under a legal framework established as part of the Constitution of Tyrnica. Until its codification in the aftermath of the Great War, the Constitution was made up of a number of documents and Acts of Parliament; since 1914, it has been amended on seven occasions through the process of a referendum. While Tyrnica does not have a bill of rights, the Constitution itself guarantees Tyrnican citizens a number of enumerated and unenumerated rights, acting as a limitation on the law-making power of Parliament.

The Tyrnican government is made up of three branches, in accordance with the constitutional principle of seperation of powers:

The Rechtzuhör Building, which houses the Tyrnican Parliament.

• Legislative: containing the bicameral Parliament, which includes the monarch, the Chamber of Councillors and the Chamber of Representatives;
• Executive: exercised by the Crown Council, which consists of the Chancellor and a series of other senior government ministers appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Chancellor;
• Judiciary: comprising the Tyrnican court hierarchy, with judges of the Supreme Court appointed by the monarch on the advice of both Houses of Parliament

Demographics

Language

The Tyrnican language is sole the official language of Tyrnica, and is also its most commonly-spoken language. Tyrnican is a Western Isaric language, closely related to Rythenean. It is more distantly related to the Northern Isaric languages including Kürskäringan, which constitues a regional language in Kürskäringar and the Gamlandene. Additionally, the regional language of Ornaland also has administrative status within the boundaries defined by the Sprachakademie ("language academy").

It is estimated that 86.0% of Tyrnican permanent residents speak the language natively, with the remainder usually speaking a regional language. A 2018 survey conducted by the Sprachakademie showed that 68.9% of Tyrnicans indicated a proficiency in two or more languages, with the most common second languages including Rythenean, Kürskäringan and Principean. Standard Tyrnican is based on a dialect of High Tyrnican and is common along the nation's Völkgürtel, while Low Tyrnican is typically spoken along the coastline of Umbrecht and in Grênstedt.

Historically, Tyrnican served as a lingua franca and was particularly seen in this capacity during the 19th and early 20th centuries; significant Tyrnican-speaking communities remain in King Erich's Land, Audonia, Sarbéliard (Särpelgard Tyrnican) and Avilême as a result of its widespread usage. Its continued relevance on the global scale has resulted in its adoption as one of the three official languages of the Commonwealth.