Parthonopia

Kingdom of Parthonopia Regno della Partenopea
Flag
Motto: "Astra Inclinant, Sed Non Obligant" "The stars incline us, they do not bind us."
Anthem: La Marcia Reale "Royal March"
Capital	Ancona
Largest	Oliviera
Official languages	Parthonopian
Religion	Verro Beoin
Demonym(s)	Parthonopian
Government	Unitary monarchy
• King	Carlo I
• Prince	Filip
• Grand Marshal	Vico Bartolomeo Ongaro
Establishment
• Formation of the first Kingdom of Parthonopia	1456
• Treaty of Oliviera	November 30, 1899
• Formation of the Parthonopian Commonwealth	June 3, 2013
• Reformation of Parthonopian Kingdom	December 15, 2018
Population
• 2018 estimate	80,483,000
GDP (nominal)	2019 estimate
• Total	$497 billion
• Per capita	$6,175
Currency	denari
Driving side	right
Internet TLD	.pa

Parthonopia (Parthonopian: Partenopea), officially the Kingdom of Parthonopia (Parthonopian: Regno della Partenopea), is a country in the southwest corner of Lira. It is bordered by Arideo in the east, Meronie to the north, Produzland to the west, and the Inoran Ocean in the south. Parthonopia has 123,891,908 inhabitants, primarily concentrated on the southern shores of the Orthurian Penninsula, around the Pyrrenian Bay, and the valley around the Aniene River in the north. Parthonopia has a largely temperate seasonal and Mediterranean climate. The country covers an area of ______.

Etymology

The assumptions on the etymology of the name "Parthonopia" are very numerous and the corpus of the solutions proposed by historians and linguists is very wide. According to one of the more common explanations, the term Parthonopia, from Lorian: Parthenopea "maidens voice", was borrowed through Greek and derived from parthenos "maiden, virgin" and ops "voice". The name Parthonopia originally applied only to a part of what is now the southern shores of the Orthurian peninsula, specifically regarding the coastal provinces up to the modern day Prinicpality of Ancona. Gradually the world came to apply the name "Parthonopia" to a larger region, but it was during the reign of Emperor Salius (end of the 1st century BC) that the term was expanded to cover the entire region of the modern day Commonwealth.

The standard way to refer to a citizen of Parthonopia is as a "Parthonopian."

Geography

Climate

Parthonopia’s climate is fairly consistent. The subtropical climate is characterized by hot dry summers and moderate or high rainfall in winter. The more humid north receives more rainfall while the coastline has drier summers receiving less precipitation.

In most of the inland northern and central regions, the climate ranges from humid subtropical to humid continental and oceanic. In particular, the climate of the Aniene river valley geographical region is mostly continental, with harsher winters and hot summers. The coastal areas of Ancona, Puorto Lafina and most of the south generally fit the Mediterranean climate stereotype. Conditions on peninsular and coastal areas can be very different from the interior's higher ground and valleys, particularly during the winter months when the higher altitudes tend to be cold, wet, and often snowy. The coastal regions have mild winters and warm and generally dry summers, although lowland valleys can be quite hot in summer. Average winter temperatures vary from 0 °C (32 °F) in Catanzaro to 12 °C (54 °F) in Ancona, like so the average summer temperatures range from 20 °C (68 °F) to over 25 °C (77 °F).

Biodiversity

Parthonopia has a high level of faunal biodiversity, with over 39,000 species recorded as of 2010. The varied geological structures of the region, from the Parthonopian Garigue in the southwest, central woodlands, Macchia just north of the coast, and Aniene River valley contribute to the high habit and ecological diversity.

There are 92 mammal species in Parthonopia. Some of the species are Miletto Marmot, forest dormouse, Etruscan shrew (the smallest mammal in the world), and the Liran snow vole. Notable large mammals are the Deyadian lynx, Parthonopian wolf, Marsican brown bear, Pyrenean chamois, Alpine ibex, common genet, axis deer, mouflon, rough-toothed dolphin, crested porcupine and Relian monk seal. Parthonopia is also home to several endemic animal species, unique mammals including the Ventotene hare, the Picardian long-eared bat, the Parranian shrew, the Calabria pine vole and the Ventotene deer.

Parthonopia has recorded 516 bird species. Notable birds are the hoopoe, roller, white-backed woodpecker, black woodpecker, Adian green woodpecker, Alpine chough, rock partridge, Bonelli's eagle, goshawk, eagle owl, lammergeier, Deyan vulture, griffon vulture, collared pratincole, glossy ibis, spoonbill, Allen's gallinule, great bustard, trumpeter finch, rosy starling, great spotted cuckoo, woodchat shrike, and bluethroat.

History

Antiquity

Various artifacts discovered throughout Parthonopia have been dated to the Paleolithic era. Excavations and archaeological sites, specifically throughout the Bassini Mountain range provide evidence of a Neanderthal presence some 200,000 years ago, while modern Humans appeared about 40,000 years ago. The fertile river valleys and bountiful coast paved for several Copper Age civilizations. The Ancient peoples of pre-Orthurian Parthonopia – such as the Tabers, the Lorians (from which the Orthurians emerged), Oscans, Salivenites, the Gostics, the Parani, the Aconi and many others – were Lova-Liran peoples, most of them specifically of the Parthic group. The main historic peoples of possible non-Lova-Liran or pre-Lova-Liran heritage include the Otruscans of central and northern Parthonopia, the Amidians and the Venoni in south western Parthonopia. A well preserved mummy of this time, Samni the Iceman, was discovered near Campobasso in 1996, dating back some 4000 years ago.

Eventually Meridiqi colonists would set up several client states and trade hubs along the coast that would come to form some small urban centers on the Peninsula; the main centers were in Zida (modern Porto Lafina), Solus and Pyrr in Marcomeria. Between the 17th and the 11th centuries BC ____ established contacts with Parthonopia. They would set up some colonies and place the Parthic peoples in contact with ideas like democracy, more refined art forms and with elevated cultural expressions. The Meridiqi influence would also enforce the introduction to what would be Beoin, a religious belief that many the Orthurian tribes came to adopt.

Ancona, a settlement on a hill in a bend on the river Cormor near the coast was founded in 762 BC. At first it was ruled by Lorian or Aconi leaders and later by Otruscan kings. As the influence and strength of the urban center expanded, it came to control vast swathes of the southern coast around the Pyrrenian Bay. The rapid expansion saw the merging and consolidation of many of the remaining Parthic peoples groups. Over time, the consolidation of much of south central Orthuria into one united tribal group in service of Ancona allowed for the Ancona kingdom to move further across the Orthurian Peninsula. The advancements and military might of the Anoncan people was unmatched by the neighboring Orthurian tribes in modern day Arideo or Produzland.

Over the course of the first century BC, an Anconan King, Salus, would personally conquer much of Arideo and northern Produzland. During this first height in the size of the kingdom it would come to be known as the Orthurian Empire, Salus becoming the first Emperor. He would later die while campaigning against Tabers in modern day Cisparrania north of the Aniene River but made the way for many subsequent emperors, some of whom would push the extent of the Orthurian Empire's borders to new heights.

Over a hundred years of peace and societal advancement would occur from the first to late second century AD. During this time, the spread of Beoin would immensely increase, reaching as far as modern Eskeuira. In 296 AD Emperor Valerius Patisar would convert to Beoin and bring about institutions leading to the future power structure of the Verro Beoin church. Emperor Patisar's successor would cede the future site of the Holy See, the Fluviatta, to the predecessors of the Verro hierarchy.

After a series of weaker willed and less influential leaders in Ancona, as well the gradual deterioration of state apparatuses, the Orthurian Empire would start to crumble at the edges. First to fall would be settlements in Proadusia, with Aenian invader migrants splitting off modern day Cabeca from the empire and settling much of the western Orthurian coast. In the late 300s straggling Gostics and refugees displaced by them in the north ensured modern Arideo split from the union. A successive series of barbarian invasions throughout the remnants of the empire would ensure the eventual dissipation of the Orthurian Empire by the start of the 400s.

472 would see the official dissolution of the empire after the Sacking of Ancona and the subsequent execution of the last emperor, Nepos, by pillaging Gostic tribes.

Middle Ages

Following the fall of the Orthurian Empire, the peninsula was left in disarray with a major power vacuum left open. The remnants of the empire found it self divided with smaller kingdoms forming from former administrative boundaries and around urban centers. Around the same time as the 55 Families system in modern Arideo, a similar practice of divided realms was in practice in Parthonopian. The land was split across numerous powerful clans and family names, following generations inheriting the small countries. This is around the time that central Orthuria became to be commonly as Parthonopia.

This system began to falter as infighting between rival states weakened all of the Parthonopian states as a whole. This made way for more unified foreign factions to accumulate wide stretches of former Orthurian land. A system of various influential city states would make rise; several key cities hold power of areas of Parthonopia with neighboring agricultural lands paying tribute. Notable city states, some that would endure in some form into the modern era, included Ancona, Avelino, Lepanto, Maletra, Oliviera, Piombino and Sapri.

The city state system struggled to maintain sovereignty facing threats both from within Parthonopia and neighboring nations. A constant cycle of barbarian invasions from the north, Gostic migrants and Lunder raiders alike, forced a coalition of states around the Aniene River to form and invest their faith in government behind the Magi who had taken residence in the Fluviatta in Avelino.

During this time period (600s-1100s) Parthonopians were ravaged by a series of wars and conflicts, not to mention famines and plagues, that would run in and out of the region. In fighting inside the Beoin church would lead to separate sects being formed, the traditionalist Verro Beoin denomination making its home in the modern Cisparrania region around 987. The Church and Magi's power grew in the region to the point that it was able to enforce a stale peace between Parthonopian states for over two centuries.

For the remainder of the Middle Ages, from 1200 onward, leading into the Early Modern Period, the divided city state system of politics in central Orthuria maintained. While elsewhere in Orthuria, and Lira at large, neighboring nations were fighting bloody unification wars while the Parthonopian states continued a general peace, with the occasional minor conflicts arising between states from time to time.

Parthonopian nobility used this time of peace, largely influenced by the religious and political power of the Magi in Avelino, to establish trade networks and pursue studies and interests in topics not related war. By the 1400s, Parthonopian polities were now regional states effectively ruled by Princes, de facto monarchs in control of trade and administration, and their courts became major centers of arts and sciences. The dawn of the Trans Inoran Trade networks established after the Norian Expeditions helped finance the major growth in wealth in the Parthonopia region as it became a major center and thoroughfare for the network leading into the rest of western Lira.

Early Modern

A Renaissance ensued marking the transition from the medieval period to the modern age as Lira recovered, economically and culturally, from the crises of the Late Middle Ages. The extended relative peace the Parthonopian states had enjoyed while much of Lira elsewhere was plunged in war had caused Parthonopian merchants to seek trade elsewhere. Turning to northern Meridiq, the merchant class, backed and funded by Parthonopian noble families, engaged in a free flowing trade of goods and ideas. This was at the dawn of the circular Inoran trade routes, Parthonopia taking advantage of the southern passage of goods from Meniti to Meridiq. Parthonopian merchants would import commodities, sourced from Nori, from Meridiq trade ports to bring back to Orthuria and spread to the rest of Lira.

Central Orthuria had become a major trade hub through these routes, enriching the noble houses and establishing new ones from a rising merchant class. The free exchange of items and information from abroad helped lead to the advancement in sciences, maths, and medicine. The Renaissance was therefore a result of the great wealth accumulated by Parthonopian merchant cities combined with the patronage of its dominant families. As the peace of Lira settled in to neighboring nations, there was an emergence in a stronger pursuit of knowledge and entertainment. Princes and Magi's alike supported a vast array of artists, commissioning famous works from sculptures, to paintings, to operas.

An at first friendly competition between the various Parthonopian states slowly devolved to violence over the course of the 15th and 16th centuries. As the Renaissance continued it had spawned a new emerging class of wealthy merchant families, changing the political climate of Orthuria. Wealthier families were able to displace families that had held noble titles and land, creating a new generation of nobility. These families, along with the surviving highborn families and fiefs, competed with one another to become the wealthiest and most influential in the region.

The Divided Realm period was coming to a close as many states consolidated and the power of several city states expanded exponentially. Where there had been many independent states and fiefs there was now only 25 at the most. The politics of these twenty some odd states was drastically influenced by the four most powerful states that the others paid some form of tribute to. These four states were Ancona, Oliviera, Irpino and the Magi State.

and Magi succession crises Parth wars

Siege of Lepanto (1529) holds back Lund expansion further into OE Parth mercenaries fight in Arideo and eventually Lunder invaders are driven out of OE First Parth Kingdom formed 1592 rivaled by Cis Kingdom, Magi State and Oliviera state

1600s absorb most of modern Parth 1700-early 1800s throw hand at colonizing not big on it

Parthonopian War of Succession

PWoS ends with Treaty of Oliviera, divided Parth Foreign intervention ensures division exploitation