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{{Infobox officeholder | {{Infobox officeholder | ||
|honorific-prefix = | |honorific-prefix = Mutungamiri | ||
|name = Tsuru Mawere | |name = Tsuru Mawere | ||
|image = Emmerson_Mnangagwa_(2019-01-15).jpg | |image = Emmerson_Mnangagwa_(2019-01-15).jpg | ||
| Line 89: | Line 89: | ||
===Late military career=== | ===Late military career=== | ||
Following the end of the [[Nativity War]], Brigadier General Tsuru Mawere became disillusioned with the Rwizikuran government, especially its reigning [[Monarchy of Rwizikuru|monarch]], [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]], who he felt to be the most responsible for Rwizikuru's defeat in the [[Mabifian-Rwizikuran War]], the [[Garamburan War of Independence]], and the [[Nativity War]]. Thus, despite his official loyalty to the Rwizikuran monarchy, he began to study democratic thinkers, and reading up on the [[Constitution of Rwizikuru, 1946|Rwizikuran constitution]] that was in use prior to the adoption of the [[Basic Law of Rwizikuru|Basic Law]] in 1964. | Following the end of the [[Nativity War]] in 1976, Brigadier General Tsuru Mawere became disillusioned with the Rwizikuran government, especially its reigning [[Monarchy of Rwizikuru|monarch]], [[Izibongo Ngonidzashe]], who he felt to be the most responsible for Rwizikuru's defeat in the [[Mabifian-Rwizikuran War]], the [[Garamburan War of Independence]], and the [[Nativity War]]. Thus, despite his official loyalty to the Rwizikuran monarchy, he began to study democratic thinkers, and reading up on the [[Constitution of Rwizikuru, 1946|Rwizikuran constitution]] that was in use prior to the adoption of the [[Basic Law of Rwizikuru|Basic Law]] in 1964. | ||
However, fearing that he might be purged by Izibongo Ngonidzashe, he kept quiet, later saying that "if the option is to hide your views, or express them publicly, hide them until the time is right: that will ensure that you have a chance to get your views to the world." During this period, he was stationed across the country. | |||
After the death of Izibongo Ngonidzashe in 1979, and the ascension of his son, [[Kupakwashe Ngonidzashe]], Tsuru Mawere hoped that Kupakwashe Ngonidzashe might lead the country in a more democratic direction, even if it meant the preservation of the constitutional monarchy. However, as time passed, it appeared that Kupakwashe Ngonidzashe was maintaining his father's policies, with only "small token reforms" to appease the people. At that point in time, he made contact with [[Fred Ngonidzashe]], who had recently been appointed his immediate superior, and began to conspire a plot to overthrow Kupakwashe Ngonidzashe, and install Fred Ngonidzashe as monarch. | |||
Despite this common goal to remove Kupakwashe Ngonidzashe, Fred Ngonidzashe sought to maintain Izibongo Ngonidzashe's policies, while Tsuru Mawere sought to establish a {{wp|constitutional monarchy}}, with Fred Ngonidzashe to serve as monarch. However, Mawere knew that as it seemed unlikely Kupakwashe Ngonidzashe would implement any reforms of Rwizikuru's policies, he had little choice but to agree with Mawere's plans. | |||
Thus, throughout 1981, they prepared for a coup d'etat against Kupakwashe Ngonidzashe. On 22 December, 1981, they launched a [[Port Fitzhubert putsch, 1981|coup attempt]] against the reigning monarch. However, Fred Ngonidzashe's eldest son, Chenjerai Ngonidzashe informed the King of the coup attempt, leading to Fred's arrest and subsequent execution for {{wp|high treason}}. However, Fred Ngonidzashe's younger brother, [[Muchazvireva Ngonidzashe]], and [[Tsuru Mawere]] fled to [[Caldia]], where they were granted {{wp|political asylum|asylum}} in January 1982. | |||
In response to Mawere's betrayal, he was {{wp|dishonourably discharged}} {{wp|in absentia}} from the [[Royal Rwizikuran Armed Forces]], and he was also sentenced to death in absentia. | |||
==Life in exile== | |||
===First years in Caldia=== | |||
After arriving in [[Spálgleann]] with his family, he remained in close contact with [[Muchazvireva Ngonidzashe]]. Although he initially found life in [[Caldia]] challenging, given the lack of fluency he had in any language besides his native {{wp|Shona language|weRwizi}} and some fragmentary {{wp|French language|Gaullican}}, he took the opportunity to learn the {{wp|Irish language|Caldish language}}, as well as improve his knowledge of Gaullican. | |||
In February 1983, when the [[Rwizikuran government-in-exile]] was established, Tsuru Mawere joined the government-in-exile, thereby kick-starting his political career. He advocated for the democratisation and economic liberalisation of [[Rwizikuru]], and criticised the "autocratic regime" in existence at that point in time. During the first few years of the government-in-exile, Tsuru Mawere played a role in helping enlist people to work for the government-in-exile, and to promote its activities within [[Caldia]]. | |||
(TBC) | (TBC) | ||
== | ==Personal life== | ||
In 1971, Tsuru Mawere met his wife, [[Chiramwiwa Mawere|Chiramwiwa Muzanenhamo]], and married her later that year. Together, they had two sons, Ndinevimb Mawere, born in 1972, and Tendeka Mawere, born in 1977, as well as three daughters: Masamba Ó Muraíle, born in 1974, Ndanatsei Ngonidzashe, born in 1980, and Saoirse Ó Báire, born in 1984. | |||
== | ===Religion=== | ||
Tsuru Mawere was baptised as a {{wp|Presbyterianism|Low Estmerian}}, and has remained devout. | |||
==Honours== | ==Honours== | ||
Revision as of 05:58, 6 April 2020
Mutungamiri Tsuru Mawere | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Tsuru Mawere, 2020 | |
| 1st Mutungamiri of Rwizikuru | |
| Assumed office TBD | |
| Monarch | Munashe Ngonidzashe |
| Preceded by | position established |
| MNA for Sangoguru kuchamhembe | |
| Assumed office 6 April, 2020 | |
| Preceded by | position established |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Tsuru Zvinodaishe Mawere 15 September 1942 Mutupo, North Sangoguru, Riziland (present-day Rwizikuru) |
| Nationality | Estmerish (1942-1946) Rwizikuran (1946-present) |
| Political party | Independent |
| Spouse | Chiramwiwa Mawere |
| Children | 3 |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | File:RwizikuruFlag.PNG Rwizikuru |
| Branch/service | Army |
| Years of service | 1963-1981 |
| Rank | Brigadier General |
| Battles/wars | Mabifian-Rwizikuran War Garamburan War of Independence Nativity War |
Tsuru Zvinodaishe Mawere (born 15 September, 1942) is a Rwizikuran soldier, politician, and the first Mutungamiri of Rwizikuru, serving since TBD, 2020.
Early life
Tsuru Zvinodaishe Mawere was born in Mutupo, the district seat of North Sangoguru (present-day Sangoguru kuchamhembe) in the Estmerish colony of Riziland, as the eldest son of Tomtenda Mawere and Fudzayi Mawere. As farmers, he grew up receiving little education, due to both the remoteness of Mutupo from the rest of the colony, and had to assist his parents at the farm. However, he disliked being a farmer, and felt "constricted" in his ability to improve himself. However, he did learn to read and write in the weRwizi language, and learnt some arithmetic, in order to be "useful to the farm."
In 1963, he enlisted to join the Rwizikuran Army, as he believed that it was the only way that he would be able to leave the farm in Mutupo, and get a better life. As a private, he was sent to Port Fitzhubert, where his superiors noted his high potential, especially given his physical strength, his willingness to obey orders, and his willingness to learn.
Military career
Early military career
As his superiors saw potential in Tsuru Mawere to be an officer, he was sent to the military academy in Port Fitzhubert in order to teach him the skills needed for him to become an effective officer. In addition to learning military tactics and strategies, Mawere also learnt skills that he "should have been taught in school but never were." By 1965, he was officially commissioned as a lieutenant, and was deployed to Port Vaugeois (present-day Port Tsalar, Mabifia).
During this period, he commanded platoons to help root out separatist forces in Yekumavirira, especially the Yekumavirira Liberation Movement, which at that point sought to separate Yekumavirira from the rest of Rwizikuru, and either establish an independent state, or revert to Mabifian rule. Mawere was an effective commander, although in 1967, he was wounded, and had to recuperate for several weeks in hospital.
Mabifian-Rwizikuran War
When the Mabifian-Rwizikuran War began in October 1968, Lieutenant Mawere found himself organising a defence of Yekumavirira against the invading Mabifian forces, in addition to the forces already raised by the Yekumavirira Liberation Movement. While the Rwizikuran defenders were caught off-guard by the initial attacks, on 11 October, when Mambo Izibongo Ngonidzashe finally ordered the response, Tsuru Mawere took part in some of the early battles which seemed to have given Rwizikuru an initial advantage.
However, in December, with Mabifia receiving support from Zorasan, Tsuru Mawere found himself being forced to retreat to Port Vaugeois (present-day Port Tsalar, Mabifia), in order to protect the city from a Mabifian attack. When the Battle of Port Vaugeois began on 2 March, 1969, Tsuru Mawere mounted resistance against the Mabifian forces. However, despite the Rwizikuran's familiarity with the urban environment at Port Vaugeois, as Zorasan and Mabifia held air superiority, in part due to Izibongo Ngonidzashe's reluctance to deploy the Royal Rwizikuran Air Force, they were able to undermine the Rwizikuran defences.
On 8 March, 1969, Tsuru Mawere was severely wounded by a Mabifian soldier, and was put out of action, as he was forced to be evacuated to Port Graham. While his condition was serious, by the end of the month, he recovered enough to be discharged from the hospital, and return to the Royal Rwizikuran Army. By that point, the Mabifian-Rwizikuran War ended, with Yekumavirira split along the Purple Line, as per the Treaty of Snarksburgh. However, due to his bravery and valor, he was given several honours, and was promoted to captain.
Garamburan War of Independence
Thus, Captain Tsuru Mawere was deployed to East Riziland, which at that point was trying to secede from Rwizikuru as the independent state of Garambura. As a commander of a company of soldiers, Mawere found himself in Ntawha, which was still under Rwizikuran control. However, despite the increase of availability of soldiers among the Royal Rwizikuran Armed Forces as a result of the end of the Mabifian-Rwizikuran War, many of the soldiers he commanded were significantly demoralized, leaving them easy pickings for both the East Riziland Liberation Front and the fledgling Garamburan Armed Forces.
On 19 April, he experienced the Battle of Ntawha, which was a significant defeat for the Rwizikuran army, forcing them to retreat westwards into Rwizikuru. As the Garamburans advanced further into the district of Chekumabvazuva, the Rwizikurans were forced to sign the Treaty of Bazadavo which de-facto recognised Garamburan independence from Rwizikuru.
Further study
After the end of the Garamburan War of Independence, due to Tsuru Mawere's skills and efforts, he was again promoted, this time to the position of Major. Mawere became an instructor at the military academy in Port Fitzhubert in order to help transmit his skills to new recruits and soldiers. During this time, Mawere met his wife, Chiramwiwa Muzanenhamo, and married her in 1971. He also continued his studies at the military academy, in order to learn more strategies and tactics to help him win the next war.
By early 1974, Tsuru Mawere rose to the rank of Colonel, placing him in command of the 5th Regiment. As another war with Garambura loomed, Mawere spent several months preparing the 5th Regiment for an invasion of Garambura.
Nativity War
On 25 December, 1974, when Rwizikuru invaded Garambura and began the Nativity War, Colonel Tsuru Mawere led the 5th Regiment towards the border, with the intention of capturing Ntawha.
stalemate follows, he leads attempted breakthroughs, by end of war, he rises to Brigadier General
Late military career
Following the end of the Nativity War in 1976, Brigadier General Tsuru Mawere became disillusioned with the Rwizikuran government, especially its reigning monarch, Izibongo Ngonidzashe, who he felt to be the most responsible for Rwizikuru's defeat in the Mabifian-Rwizikuran War, the Garamburan War of Independence, and the Nativity War. Thus, despite his official loyalty to the Rwizikuran monarchy, he began to study democratic thinkers, and reading up on the Rwizikuran constitution that was in use prior to the adoption of the Basic Law in 1964.
However, fearing that he might be purged by Izibongo Ngonidzashe, he kept quiet, later saying that "if the option is to hide your views, or express them publicly, hide them until the time is right: that will ensure that you have a chance to get your views to the world." During this period, he was stationed across the country.
After the death of Izibongo Ngonidzashe in 1979, and the ascension of his son, Kupakwashe Ngonidzashe, Tsuru Mawere hoped that Kupakwashe Ngonidzashe might lead the country in a more democratic direction, even if it meant the preservation of the constitutional monarchy. However, as time passed, it appeared that Kupakwashe Ngonidzashe was maintaining his father's policies, with only "small token reforms" to appease the people. At that point in time, he made contact with Fred Ngonidzashe, who had recently been appointed his immediate superior, and began to conspire a plot to overthrow Kupakwashe Ngonidzashe, and install Fred Ngonidzashe as monarch.
Despite this common goal to remove Kupakwashe Ngonidzashe, Fred Ngonidzashe sought to maintain Izibongo Ngonidzashe's policies, while Tsuru Mawere sought to establish a constitutional monarchy, with Fred Ngonidzashe to serve as monarch. However, Mawere knew that as it seemed unlikely Kupakwashe Ngonidzashe would implement any reforms of Rwizikuru's policies, he had little choice but to agree with Mawere's plans.
Thus, throughout 1981, they prepared for a coup d'etat against Kupakwashe Ngonidzashe. On 22 December, 1981, they launched a coup attempt against the reigning monarch. However, Fred Ngonidzashe's eldest son, Chenjerai Ngonidzashe informed the King of the coup attempt, leading to Fred's arrest and subsequent execution for high treason. However, Fred Ngonidzashe's younger brother, Muchazvireva Ngonidzashe, and Tsuru Mawere fled to Caldia, where they were granted asylum in January 1982.
In response to Mawere's betrayal, he was dishonourably discharged in absentia from the Royal Rwizikuran Armed Forces, and he was also sentenced to death in absentia.
Life in exile
First years in Caldia
After arriving in Spálgleann with his family, he remained in close contact with Muchazvireva Ngonidzashe. Although he initially found life in Caldia challenging, given the lack of fluency he had in any language besides his native weRwizi and some fragmentary Gaullican, he took the opportunity to learn the Caldish language, as well as improve his knowledge of Gaullican.
In February 1983, when the Rwizikuran government-in-exile was established, Tsuru Mawere joined the government-in-exile, thereby kick-starting his political career. He advocated for the democratisation and economic liberalisation of Rwizikuru, and criticised the "autocratic regime" in existence at that point in time. During the first few years of the government-in-exile, Tsuru Mawere played a role in helping enlist people to work for the government-in-exile, and to promote its activities within Caldia.
(TBC)
Personal life
In 1971, Tsuru Mawere met his wife, Chiramwiwa Muzanenhamo, and married her later that year. Together, they had two sons, Ndinevimb Mawere, born in 1972, and Tendeka Mawere, born in 1977, as well as three daughters: Masamba Ó Muraíle, born in 1974, Ndanatsei Ngonidzashe, born in 1980, and Saoirse Ó Báire, born in 1984.
Religion
Tsuru Mawere was baptised as a Low Estmerian, and has remained devout.
Honours
Domestic
- File:RwizikuruFlag.PNG - Mubairo wekurwira muvengi (1969, revoked 1981, restored 2019)
- File:RwizikuruFlag.PNG - Masoja eKurongeka yeMeriti (1969, revoked 1981, restored 2019)