2022 Piraean general election

2022 Piraean general election

12 September 2022
All 125 seats to the Piraean Senate 61 seats needed for a majority
Party Leader Current seats Piraese Socialist Workers Union Christoforos Argyras 36 People's Party Georgios Konstantinou 25 Democrats Anna Theodoropoulou 20 Green Alternative Maria Diomidis 12 Piraese Section of the Workers' International Ioannis Banakis 10 Change Elena Theofili 6 Humanist Centre Demetra Athanalli 5 Independent Regionalist Union Giorgos Dimitriakis 4 Homeland Party Alexandros Poulos 4 Novalian People's Party Miro Kovač 3
Most voted-for party by constituency in Piraea proper
Incumbent Premier Stamatios Panopoulos PSEE

The 2022 Piraean general election are scheduled to take place during 12 September 2022 and will vote a new Piraean Senate and the person who, after gaining the confidence, will hold the office of the Piraea for the next four years. These will be the 14th elections to take place in Piraea since the return of democracy.

Elections were announced by the Chairwoman of the Presidency, Stella Davakis, after she was informed by the then Premier, Stamatios Panopoulos, to call elections after having served a full term. The campaign period is predicted to see a stronger position Georgios Konstantinou, leader of the People's Party, who positioned himself as the best alternative to the centre-left coalition that governed until then, in an effort to find adepts from a growing Democrats. In the government, the PSEE has yet to held internal elections with different prominent figures in order to vote a successor of Stamatios Panopoulos, who is considered a strong name for the Presidency.

The campaign period saw a number of controversies from the opposition, which claimed an excessive frametime between the announcement of the elections date and the actual date. Given this, the un-official campaign period extended through half of the year, with most important issues in Piraea acquiring a political connotation and being influenced by the electoral voices. During the campaign development, the Piraese Section of the Workers' International became the third largest force in voting intention, surpassing the Green Alternative; the two parties agreed, during August, to join a coalition named Popular Unity Candidacy, which grouped the two largest forces and several other minority groups from the far-left and left of Piraea.

During April, several polls closed numbers giving the People's Party a slight difference that put it ahead the PSEE, which was seen with an eroded voters base and heavily linked with a stagnant economic performance. Inflation became a focal issue in the campaign, with the cost of life rising as fuel and oil crisis in Rahelia continued unresolved; the government announced extraordinary measures and the formation of an emergency cabinet to tackle down numbers, even though with the negative from employers associations to join tripartite negotiations and increase minimum wages. The integration with the Euclean Community was a decisive point of political consensus uniting both centre-right and centre-left, with the extremes in the PTED and Homeland often attracting views against the influence of Kesselbourg.

Overview

Politics of Piraea

During general elections, Piraeans vote the composition of the unicameral Piraean Senate, composed by 125 members, which must handle confidence to the leader of most voted party or the candidate proposed by the Presidency. Seats in the legislature are allocated using the Saint-Lague method and after members are granted their place, the collective Head of State initiate talks with the leaders of every party with representation, in order to appoint the person that, according to what is communicated, has the capacity to gain a declared confidence (Piraese: δεδηλωμένη, tr. dedilomeni). In practise, the Presidency appoints the leader of the party that received most votes, and it is this person that, through coalitions or negotiations, must achieve the formation of a government. The candidate must go through an investiture debate, in which the political platform is detailed, and the rest of the legislature decides to grant or not the confidence.

Candidates to the Premiership must achieve a majority (that is, 61 out of 125 votes), and if it is not possible, the Presidency can enable a second investiture debate in no less than a week during which the candidate must achieve a simple majority (more positive votes than negatives) to enable a minority government. If the candidate fails, the Presidency can select another candidate or convene new elections in a term no longer than two months.

Voters in Piraea have the choice between specific candidates inside a party when there are internal elections or vote for the party of their choice during general elections, absentee votes are those in which the voter specified no option and the vote is equally distributed among all parties. There is no law against independent candidates, but as of 2022, there are none registered. The electoral system of Piraea does not enforce an election threshold.

Election date

The date of the current election was agreed by the Premier Panopoulos and Stella Davakis, Chairwoman of the Presidency. Dates are often set having in consideration the internal processes of all parties aiming to dispute the election. The Piraean law does not specify dates for electoral processes, but these tend to be announced with anticipation by the Head of Government. During the midday of the 26th of January, the two highest political figures of Piraea announced that the date was the 12th September, with the law that enables such day having passed the same day during an extraordinary Senate session.

Background

2018 Socialist government collapse

Main articles: Theopeftatou government and 2018 political deadlock in Piraea

Debate of confidence motion of the Theopeftatou administration, which led to the collapse of the PSEE government after Democrats retired its support.

During the 2014 general elections, results gave to the PSEE a simple majority and forced them to reach a coalition with other political partners. The socialist candidate, Maria Theopeftatou, soon held talks with representatives of the centre and centre-left, arising the topic of a possible inclusion of the Democrats into the government. The new radical centrist party received Theopeftatou's invitation to be part of the cabinet, but specified that the Piraese Section of the Workers' International must be out.

The Section, which had previously left unclear its participation in support of a PSEE government, declined being part of the new PSEE cabinet, with its leader, Ioannis Banakis alleging the "move to the right of the PSEE". Two weeks later, the investiture of Theopeftatou was granted with support of the Green Alternative, Independent Regionalist Union, Democrats and PSEE. The decision of granting a seat to the centre soon proved controversial among socialists, with several members declining to support the government in the legislature and as time passed, clashes between the Democrats and Socialists forced the collapse of the government.

Three years after inaugurating the legislature, Theopeftatou resigned to the leadership of the party and dissolved the legislature; a caretaker technocratic government took under the leadership of the independent Elias Vroustis. Inside the PSEE, internal elections gave Stamatios Panopoulos, representative of the left of the party and rival of Theopeftatou, a mandate to re-organise the party. The move proved popular among socialist voters that provided enough votes to the centre-left and left to govern again.

The 2018 re-election of the left in Piraea is often attributed to the political division of the centre-right and how the population held Democrats accountable of the government's collapse. Inside the People's Party, a lack of clear leadership was visible, and the party gained votes from the Democrats but these were not enough to receive the electoral mandate. However, the decision of Panopoulos to resign to both the leadership of PSEE and the Premiership left uncertain the future of the social-democracy. Political analysts expect in the 2022 general election the reconfiguration of the political scenario in Piraea, as numbers have been consistent for the People's Party, which might return to held the government against a diminished Democrats.

2022 Ambulances corruption scandal

During the last days of May, the centre-right newspapaer I Naftemporiki published a series of documents and papers unveiling a corruption plot surrounding the contracts done between the Minister of Healthcare and an inner circle close to the minister. The plot included a covered privatisation of ambulances services in the region of Sitia, and how the Ministry payed millions of euclos to private ambulances to be used in public hospitals. Further investigation of the newspaper led to the inner circle of Kyriakos Pallatos (PSEE), Minister-President of Sitia, and Vladimiros Rokopoulos (PSEE), Minister of Healthcare. The revelation by the newspaper led to a decrease of the PSEE in polls and the resignation and judicial investigation of the regional leader and Minister-President; Rokopoulos remained in his position until July, when he presented his resignation after receiving preassure from the opposition and minor coalition partners in the government.

The case became a crucial point during the national extraordinary congress of the socialist party during the early days of June.

Primary elections

Piraese Socialist Workers Union

Stefania Koura (left) and Christoforos Argyras (right) are the candidates during the socialist primary.

The PSEE was the first political party that announced the intentions to held a primary election, after the resignation of Stamatios Panopoulos who was considered a strong name for the Presidential elections to happen next year, and because Panopoulos expressed before his investiture the intention to serve only during a period of re-configuration of the centre-left. The 12th of May, the ministers of Economy and Public Function, Christoforos Argyras, and Employment and Social Security, Stefania Koura, resigned to their posts in the government. The socialist election occured during the 4th and 5th June 2022, and counted with the presence of labour figures and other international personalities, like Hervé Bachelot (SAE) and Teodòr Marelucè (member of the Montecaran executive). During the congress, Kyriakos Pallatos, Minister-President of Sitia, did not announced following the revelation of a corruption plot involving his administration of the region.

Following the vote of the congress members, Christoforos Argyras became the leader of the PSEE.

Candidate		Votes	%
	Christoforos Argyras	7438	51
	Stefania Koura	5910	40,5
Blank/Invalid ballots		1234	8,4
Turnout		14582	100
Source: PSEE

Piraese Section of the Workers' International

Ioannis Banakis (left) and Stamatia Hondraki (right) were voted to form a collective leadership by members of the Piraese Section in order to face the next general elections.

In April, the Piraese Section of the Workers' International (PTED) celebrated a nationwide congress in order to craft the programmatic lines of the national election. Rumours of the withdrawal of Ioannis Banakis as secretary-general of the section had been spread by media for some weeks prior to the celebration of the congress; in addition, the figure of the Minister of Culture, Sports and Youth, Stamatia Hondraki, had been seen as a possible replacement of Banakis.

During the congress, Banakis announced his decision of sharing the office of the secretary-general of the Section, something that several media outlets also rumoured days before the celebration. Party electors voted, during the 17th of April, to face national elections with a collective leadership, formed by Banakis and Hondraki. Stamatia presented her resignation letter to the Premier the next Monday after being elected; it was approved by Panopoulos, who congratulated her and highlighted her time in the cabinet.

Change

A gradual fall in voting intention during the first months of 2022 forced a change in the leadership of the youngest political party with representation in the Senate. Elena Theofili, who led Change since its creation, announced during the Monday 18th of April the decision to step down and call the party delegates to a primary election in order to decide the future leader of the party.

The congress is scheduled to be celebrated next Friday 13th of May, and will see the competition of the current spokesperson in the Senate, Eleftherios Kontoglou, the journalist Filippos Tassopoulos and the prominent MS Lisa Remea. During the congress, the critical candidate, Kontoglou, was elected leader of the party with a platform aimed to break the party's neutrality.

Candidate		Votes	%
	Eleftherios Kontoglou	931	62,5
	Filippos Tassopoulos	422	28,3
	Lisa Remea	123	8,2
Blank/Invalid ballots		12	0,8
Turnout		1488	100
Source: I Naftemporiki

Campaign

Prior to the official campaign period

The decision of ending the legislature in September was considered controversial by several newspapers and politicians in Piraea. Initially, People's Party MSs criticised the decision of announcing the elections in February when these were going to take place in September, and accused the Premier Stamatios Panopoulos of using the celebration of the Euclovision Song Contest 2022 in Alikianos with electoral purposes. Due to this, the non-official campaign period extended through half of the year, with several topics occupying headlines in newspapers and other media outlets.

Apostolou 81 fire

In the night of the 31st of January, a fire started in the Apostolou 81 building located in the financial centre of Alikianos, causing its complete destruction. The fire lasted through several days, forcing the closure of central district for several days and the offices surrounding it for a week. The fire rapidly became a concerning issue in the political circles of Piraea, igniting the denounce of right and far-right groups in the People's Party and Homeland accusing Lemovician terrorists of being behind the cause of the fire. The reason behind this was the boycott announced by Lemovician far-left groups of the Alikianos edition of Euclovision.

The theory was, however, dismissed rapidly, owing the fire to an electrical fault.

Rising inflation

One of the topics that has caused much controversy in the period prior to the campaign has been the rising inflation numbers, fueled mostly by the intermittency of oil supplies in refineries South Euclea. During April, inflation in Piraea spiked and reached 7.1%, one of the highest numbers in the region, forcing the creation of a special cabinet to reach agreements between political sectors and other Euclean nations affected by the supply of Tsabaran oil.

Inflation and rising living costs became a an axis of the opposition to criticise economic policy, denouncing a lack of austerity and clear moves to support small businesses. Opposition leader, Georgios Konstantinou, expressed his concern over the decision to increase the minimum salary, saying that the movement is "irresponsible" and puts employers and employees against each other. During April, the leader of the People's Party presented a temporal fiscal reform, which contemplated the reduction of Personal Income Taxes and VAT, as well as important fiscal benefits to small, medium and large businesses. Between March and April, the largest umbrella organisation of trade unions in Piraea, the GSEP, called for a national strike and protest in the centre of Alikianos demanding employers to sit in salary negotiations with trade unions; the GSEP included a demand to the government, urging the Ministry of Labour and Social Security to increase minimum wages.

Campaign development

Georgios Konstantinou, leader of the People's Party talking with the press.

The campaign period was opened unofficially by the first debate where the 10 candidates participated. The date was followed by the presentation of electoral programmes from the two largest parties; the People's Party was the first and presented its programme as the "most ambitious of its history", being guided in three main axis: a drastic cut of taxes, economic reforms to create more employment and increasing the efforts to defend borders to limit illegal immigration from Tsabara. Konstantinou's rhetoric centred economic topics, using the inflationary process which Piraea is undergoing and proposing reforms that were criticised by the left as neoliberals. LK proposed a reduction of the state, by limiting civil servants in several institutions and encouraging public-private cooperation in crucial areas like healthcare and education. Regarding foreign policy, LK continued with the general alignment of Piraea with the Euclean Community, considering it a main axis for the state reforms to be done in the following years; immigration appeared, for the first time, as a contentious issue in Piraea with the LK proposing an increase in defence budget to cooperate with ECDTO and Emessan authorities in the Acheloian Sea, as well as increasing the security of its southern border.

PSEE rally of campaign opening outside the Piraean Senate.

Before starting the campaign period, the PSEE celebrated an extraordinary congress, in order to rearm itself ideologically and consolidate its voters base. During the congress, the party elected Christoforos Argyras to be the leading candidate during the general elections. However, during most of the campaign, the party struggled to keep its position as the leading force, with corruption cases and a disconnection with the public appearing as factors of "erosion" of the party and candidates' images. The party presented its electoral programme during the 16th of July with a rally in front of the Piraean Senate; Argyras, a young and relatively unknown candidate, promised the return of the PSEE to the left of the spectrum to defend the "social working majority of Piraea", introducing an immediate a rise of the minimum salary and pensions. The candidate attacked Konstantinou and positioned himself against the "privatisation of the healthcare" and proposed an increase of the budget to palliate queues in hospitals. In foreign policy, the socialist candidate promised the advance in talks with the Euclean Community and drew a line for a future coalition with the Piraese Section, which still holds euclosceptic factions.

Radio debate in Piraean Radio and Television about rural and urban challenges in Piraea between Ioannis Banakis, Eleftheria Athnalli and Alexandros Argyrides.

In the centre-right, Democrats suffered an important loss voting intention due to a stronger position of the People's Party in the spectrum. The race between the two parties forced Democrats to get closer to Change, whose new leader aimed to introduce a more active participation in politics. The two parties joined under a common platform after the first debate, exposing closeness in several economic and social issues. The two parties advocated to a more free market and deeper state reforms; Eleftherios Kontoglou (Change) and Anna Theodoropoulou (Democrats) distanced themselves from the People's Party by denouncing the corruption cases that the two dominant parties have suffered in their governments. In social issues, the two parties disputed positions close to the Green Alternative and the Humanist Centre; the joint platform introduced fiscal benefits for non-polluting industries, stating the need for a serious green transition, and the ease of immigration policies to attract regularised talent and investors.

From the centre-left to the left, parties suffered important losses. The Green Alternative, which had consolidated as the fourth largest force in the legislature, lost its position throughout the pre-campaign period, stagnating behind the Piraese Section; however, low numbers of the two parties concluded in the conformation of the Popular Unity Candidacy (YLE) coalition —which had been in place in the regional sphere— that counted with the leadership of Stamatia Hondraki. The coalition's programme combined social justice, green politics and progressivism. The smallest parties that supported the current government, the Independent Regionalist Union and the Humanist Centre, were parties that saw themselves benefited by the loses in the PSEE and the left, but fought in the regionalist sphere with the Novalian People's Party and the centre of the spectrum with the alliance between Change and Democrats.

Opinion polls

Polling firm/Commissioner	Fieldwork date	Sample size	Turnout												Lead
Computos/I Naftemporiki	25-31 July 2022	2000	59.9	24.1	33.4	6.2	9.7	—	—	7.1	4.3	4.9	4.8	5.5	9.3
Pulse/O Kosmos	21-29 July 2022	1970	60.1	24.4	33	6	10.1	—	—	7	4.2	4.8	4.7	5.8	8.6
Pulse/O Kosmos	18-24 July 2022	1900	59.4	24	33.4	6.2	9	—	—	7.4	4.8	4.4	5	5.8	9.4
Computos/I Naftemporiki	11-24 July	2700	?	25.1	33.4	6.4	8.5	—	—	7.5	4.5	4	4.8	5.8	8.3
Computos/I Naftemporiki	1-10 July 2022	2700	?	24.2	32.4	5.5	—	4.3	6.8	6.9	4.5	4	5.4	6	8.2
Metroscopia/Dimokratia	19-30 June 2022	2700	?	23.3	31	6	—	5.1	6.8	6.8	4.2	4.1	6.7	6	7.7
Metroscopia/Dimokratia	1-19 June 2022	3000	?	23.8	30.7	6.5	—	5.2	7.4	6.8	3.7	3.9	6	6	6.9
Computos/I Naftemporiki	May 2022	2500	?	23	28	8.8	—	8.5	8.4	5	4	3.7	5.5	5.1	5
Computos/I Naftemporiki	April 2022	2500	?	24.6	27.6	9.3	—	9.8	10.1	3.2	4.1	4.2	3	4.1	3
Pulse/O Kosmos	6-19 March 2022	2000	?	25,2	26,1	9,7	—	10,1	12,8	3,7	3,2	4,1	2,1	3	0,9
Metroscopia/Dimokratia	1-15 March 2022	1250	?	24	27,1	10.8	—	11,8	10,1	4	3,2	3	3	3	3,1
Metroscopia/Dimokratia	15-22 February 2022	1500	?	24,8	26,4	13	—	12,4	9,8	4	3,2	3,4	1	2	1,6
Pulse/O Kosmos	14-31 January 2022	1200	?	25	26,2	14,5	—	11,5	10,6	4	3,2	2,4	1,4	1,2	1,2
Pulse/O Kosmos	17–23 January 2022	1200	?	26.2	23.3	15.4	—	12.8	10.1	5	3.2	1.4	1.4	1.2	2.9

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Televised debates

Six debates were conducted during the campaign period. The first, held by the state-owned public service of television and radio, Piraean Radio and Television was regarded as an unofficial opener of the campaign. It was followed three weeks later, by a second debate with participation of all political parties, it was the first in Piraese history in which all performing politicians were women, as well as the hosters; the production of the debate counted with the participation of PRT and the private media conglomerate Έννα Media. Shortly after, the private channel Αντέννα Τρία announced a third debate in collaboration with the Euclean University of Alikianos, which counted with the participation of the first four political parties in polls at the time.

Following the development of the campaign and the surge of the coalition between Green Alternative and the Piraese Section, PRT hosted a fourth debate, seeing the participation of Stamatia Hondraki and the rest of leaders. In the same week, PRT and Έννα Media hosted their second and last joint debate inviting only minor parties. The last production, hosted by Έννα Media happened the 5th of August and counted with the all the leaders.

2022 Piraean general election debates
Date	Broadcaster	Moderator(s)	Participants —   Name  Participant    N  Party not invited/did not participate   NI  Not invited											Notes
			PSEE	LK	DM	YLE	PEL	PTED	AL	AK	APE	PK	NNS/NLK
11 Jul	ΠΡΤ 1	Stefania Castellanoglou Andreas Andropoulos	Christoforos Argyras	Georgios Konstantinou	Anna Theodoropoulou	—	Maria Diomidis	Ioannis Banakis	Eleftherios Kontoglou	Demetra Athanalli	Giorgos Dimitriakis	Alexandros Poulos	Miro Kovač
29 Jul	ΠΡΤ 1/Έννα Media	Stefania Castellanoglou Ioanna Totakou	Dimitroula Anagnouli-Molelli	Theofania Paulaki-Vitallide	Anna Theodoropoulou	—	Maria Diomidis	Stamatia Hondraki	Dorothea Mavroti	Demetra Athanalli	Ekaterini Contatou	Emmanouella Paulouli	Marija Gounarelli-Brnjac
12 Aug	Αντέννα Τρία/Euclean University of Alikianos	Stefanos Antonilis Avra Vascouli	Christoforos Argyras	Georgios Konstantinou	Anna Theodoropoulou	—	NI	Ioannis Banakis	NI	NI	NI	NI	NI
22 Aug	ΠΡΤ 1	Stefania Castellanoglou Andreas Andropoulos	Christoforos Argyras	Georgios Konstantinou	Anna Theodoropoulou	Stamatia Hondraki	—	—	Eleftherios Kontoglou	Demetra Athanalli	Giorgos Dimitriakis	Alexandros Poulos	Miro Kovač
26 Aug	ΠΡΤ/Έννα Media	Stefania Castellanoglou Leonidas Kallelis	NI	NI	NI	NI	—	—	NI	Demetra Athanalli	Giorgos Dimitriakis	Alexandros Poulos	Miro Kovač
5 Aug	Έννα Media	Koralia Dellopoulou Avra Vascouli	Christoforos Argyras	Georgios Konstantinou	Anna Theodoropoulou	Stamatia Hondraki	—	—	Eleftherios Kontoglou	Demetra Athanalli	Giorgos Dimitriakis	Alexandros Poulos	Miro Kovač

Participating parties

See also: List of political parties in Piraea

Candidacy		Leading candidate		Ideology	Previous result		Gov.
					Votes (%)	Seats
			Christoforos Argyras	Progressivism Social democracy Secularism Pro-Eucleanism	—	36	Y
			Georgios Konstantinou	Liberal conservatism Economic liberalism Christian democracy	—	25
			Anna Theodoropoulou	Economic liberalism Social liberalism Centrism Pro-Eucleanism	—	20
			Maria Diomidis	Progressivism Green politics Democratic socialism Pro-Eucleanism	—	12	Y
			Ioannis Banakis Stamatia Hondraki	Socialism Social democracy Democratic socialism Councilism	—	10	Y
			Eleftherios Kontoglou	Centrist politics Anti-corruption Third option Pro-Eucleanism	—	6
			Demetra Athanalli	Centrist politics Humanism Social liberalism Liberalism Pro-Eucleanism	—	5	Y
			Giorgos Dimitriakis	Regionalism Federalism Environmentalism Pro-Eucleanism	—	4	Y
			Alexandros Poulos	Religious conservatism Nationalism Eucloscepticism Right-wing populism	—	4
			Miro Kovač	Big-Tent Minority interests Novalian interests Populism	—	3
			Stamatia Hondraki	Progressivism Green politics Democratic socialism Socialism Councilism (factions) Pro-Eucleanism	—	Without representation

Results

The results showed several variations from the opinion polls commissioned the weeks before; in general terms, the People's Party outperformed opinion polls by several points, becoming the largest force in the Piraean Senate with 46 members, while the Piraese Socialist Workers Union saw a significantly lower share of votes and lost 6 seats in the final Senate distribution. The left to far-left coalition Popular Unity Candidacy remained the third largest force, but the two parties that compose it lost 11 seats if joined the previous seats held by the two parties. Seen as an effect of the growth of the People's Party and Change, and a poorly performed campaign, the centre-right Democrats became the party with the biggest loses, lowering its force in the Senate from 20 to 8 seats.

On the same night of elections, Georgios Konstantinou held a conversation with Christophoros Argyras, who agreed on not presenting a candidateship to the Presidency, opening the door to the investiture of the Sotirian democrat candidate. The same night, Anna Theodoropoulou and Eleftherios Kontoglou announced the creation of a joint document with proposals for Konstantinou, in order to reach an agreement and enable the candidate's investiture.

↓

30	11	5	4	6	8	10	5	46
Piraese Socialist Workers Union	YLE	APE	PK	AK	DM	AL	NNS/NLK	People's Party

Party		Party		Second round		Seats	+/–
		Votes	%	Votes	%
	People's Party	1,668,555	37.02			46	21
	Piraese Socialist Workers Union	1,069,704	23.73			30	6
	Popular Unity Candidacy	402,282	8.92			11	New
	Change	356,568	7.91			10	4
	Democrats	287,997	6.39			8	12
	Humanist Centre	201,141	4.46			6	1
	Independent Regionalist Union	187,427	4.16			5	1
	Novalian People's Party	178,284	3.96			5	2
	Homeland Party	155,427	3.45			4	0
Total		4,507,385	100.00			125	125
Valid votes		4,507,385	98.60	0	0.00
Invalid/blank votes		63,999	1.40	4,183	100.00
Total votes		4,571,384	100.00	4,183	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		7,469,580	61.20
Source: Not yet