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| <center>
| | =Acheloian= |
| {| style="float:left; border:0; margin:2.6em 0 0;"
| | {{Infobox body of water |
| |-
| | | name = Acheloian Sea |
| | style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left;"|[[File:Nidwalden Counties.png|500 px|Nidwaldeser counties]]
| | | image = [[File:Attica 06-13 Athens 36 View from Lycabettus.jpg|250px]] |
| |}
| | | caption = View of [[Alikianos]] with Acheloian Sea in the background |
| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; font-size:90%;" | | | image_bathymetry = |
| |- style="font-size:100%; text-align:right;" | | | caption_bathymetry = |
| ! colspan="2" | Canton !! N° !! Capital
| | | location = |
| |- | | {{Plainlist| |
| | style="border-right:0;"| [[File:Wappen Genf matt.svg|14px]] || style="border-left:0;"| [[Rhine]] || 1 || [[Cologne]]
| | * [[Euclea|Southern Euclea]] |
| |-
| | * [[Rahelia]] |
| | style="border-right:0;"| [[File:Kalmar län vapen.svg|14px]] || style="border-left:0;"| [[Grevenmacher]] || 2 || [[Vaduz]]
| | * [[Coius]] |
| |- | | * [[Satria]] |
| | style="border-right:0;"| [[File:Wappen Thurgau matt.svg|14px]] || style="border-left:0;"| [[Vorarlberg]] || 3 || [[Feldkirch]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="border-right:0;"| [[File:Wappen Landkreis Starnberg.svg|14px]] || style="border-left:0;"| [[Wiltz]] || 4 || Zell am See | |
| |-
| |
| | style="border-right:0;"| [[File:St_Moritz_wappen.svg|14px]] || style="border-left:0;"| [[Fribourg]] || 5 || [[Lech]] | |
| |- | |
| | style="border-right:0;"| [[File:Blekinge vapen.svg|14px]] || style="border-left:0;"| [[Bergig]] || 6 || [[Bremen]]
| |
| |- | |
| | style="border-right:0;"| [[File:Halland vapen.svg|14px]] || style="border-left:0;"| [[Diekrich]] || 7 || [[Innsein]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="border-right:0;"| [[File:Wappen Glarus matt.svg|14px]] || style="border-left:0;"| [[Solothurn]] || 8 || [[Aspen]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="border-right:0;"| [[File:Gotland vapen.svg|14px]] || style="border-left:0;"| [[Saanen]] || 9 || [[Erzberg]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="border-right:0;"| [[File:Wappen Schaffhausen matt.svg|14px]] || style="border-left:0;"| [[Thurgau]] || 10 || [[Saint Moritz]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="border-right:0;"| [[File:Wappen Zürich matt.svg|14px]] || style="border-left:0;"| [[Schaffhausen]] || 11 || [[Glarus]]
| |
| |}
| |
| </center>
| |
| == Economy ==
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| [[File:Frankfurt Skyline (16259801511).jpg|230px|thumbnail|Financial centre of Saint Moritz. This city has the biggest financial district of the country.]]
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| The economy of Nidwalden is one of the most stable economies in Lorecia. The political stability and the long culture of human rights has given to Nidwalden millions of safe investors creating an independent, safe and huge economy. The country has a stable and high-income market economy features moderate growth, low inflation, and a high level of innovation, the unemployment rate has been traditionally low and it is actually positioned in 2.5% of the population. The country is one of the richest countries of the world with a nominal GDP per capita at $104,359.
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| The financial sector is one of the most traditional sectors of the Nidwaldester economy, banking and finance play a very important role in the economical scene of the country, like others countries in Astyria, Nidwalden plays a role, specially for the [[Lorecian Community]], as a place of low taxes, political and economical stability and safety for saving great amounts of money. Saint Mortiz and its financial centre are known for being the core of many of the economic decisions taken in Nidwalden.[[File:Zurich airport img 3324.jpg|230px|thumbnail|left|The Saint Moritz Airport is a major connection n the [[Lorecian Community]].]]
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| The service sector comprises the majority of the Nidwaldester GDP and in recent years the numbers saw an increment due to the enlargement of the information and technology sector. Nidwalden has positioned itself as one of the most technologized countries in the [[Lorecian Community]], the city of [[Vaduz]] in the south of the country has the highest number of startups per person in [[Lorecia]] and has been named as one of the best cities of Astyria to start or move a technology focused enterprise.
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| The city Lech is one of the homes of the modern car in [[Astyria]], the automotive industry comprises also an important part of the GDP as it is considered to be one of the most competitive and innovative of the world. However, since the 80s the Nidwaldester society has faced an important environmental conscience that has take it to produce more eco-friendly products in the industrial sector, changing the aluminium production for high-value-added, non-polluting industries, such as cosmetics and biothermics.
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| ===Energy and Infrastructure===
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| [[File:Windpark Bernsdorf-Gersdorf in Sachsen.2011 626HWI.jpg|230px|thumbnail|NidEnergie wind park.]]
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| The electricity generated in Nidwalden is fully produced by the state-owned company [[NidEnergie]], in 2018 a 95% of the total of energy produced in Nidwalden was made by renewable energy methods such as hydroelectric power stations and wind parks, an specifically large number in the region. In past years, Nidwalden was unable to produce as much energy as it was needed and thus, forced to buy it from neighbouring nations with larger produces like [[Noordenstaat]], however, since the 1970's, governments have undergone special investments with [[NidEnergie]] pursuing a total energetic independence from its [[Lorecian Community|Lorecian neighbours]]. The geographical situation of Nidwalden, with a vast network of lakes interconnected by rivers and high mountains, have given to the country an enormous advantage for the production of energy from renewable methods.
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| Nidwalden has one of the densest rail networks in [[Lorecia]]. The vast majority of the network is operated by the national company [[Nidwaldeser Bahn]] which has focused its business into improving the reliability and quality of service of its conventional rail network. The difficult terrain of Nidwalden and the short distances between cities and towns has been a challenge for the company in building high-speed networks, there are currently three major high-speed lines, Cologne-Saint Moritz, Cologne-Vaduz and Vaduz-Saint Moritz, the three of them are connected with [[Noordenstaat]] and [[Scanonia]].
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| The mountainous country has five international airports, Cologne International Airport, Vaduz International Airport, Aspen International Airport, Lech Airport and Saint Moritz International Airport, the last one is the largest one and a major connection hub with the rest of the Lorecian Community and Astyria for the flag carrier airline, Air Nid, the Aspen International Airport operates international flights only during winter and has only ten destinations in total. However, most of the cities in Nidwalden count with facilities for airplanes.
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| Estimations done in 2018 agreed that the population of Nidwalden was of 5,323,933 inhabitants. As the rest of the countries of [[Lorecia]], Nidwalden increased its population together with the industrialization of the economy between 1800 and 1990, however, this growth has been slow and stable, estimations done by specialist of the World Assembly say that the Nidwaldester population will remain without exceeding the number of 5,400,000 until 2030. Immigration and an exceptional quality of life is what gives to the population of Nidwalden this character of stable.
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| As a developed country in [[Lorecia]], Nidwalden counts with a vast community of foreigners, 23.3% of the population has recognised having a foreign background from his close past. Most of the immigration comes from neighbouring countries like [[Scanonia]], [[Noordenstaat]], [[Fyngaria]] or [[Albeinland]] thanks to the possibilities given by the free movement accords of the [[Lorecian Community]]. During the early 2000s several social institutions and political parties (mainly from left backgrounds) expressed its concerns for an increasing xenophobia in the Nidwaldester society and populist political campaigns, in reply to this, the Ducal government stated that ‘the situation of xenophobia was unacceptable in a country like Nidwalden’, in the following years actions were taken in schools and in the social scene to ensure rapid and unproblematic integration of foreigners.
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| ===Healthcare===
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| [[File:Centre hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), 2016.jpg|230px|thumbnail|Astrid Lindgren Hospital, [[Cologne, Nidwalden|Cologne.]]]]The government of Nidwalden follows a system of insurances that every citizen should have. Legal citizens of Nidwalden and visitors have the right to a quality healthcare service that is given in an enormous network of hospitals and clinics funded by the state. Insurances are generally from private companies, once the applicant needs the service these are free (as it is paid with a mensual fee) and include emergency facilities, treatments and specialized medicine. While the cost of the system is among the highest, it compares well with other Lorecian countries in terms of health outcomes; patients have been reported as being, in general, highly satisfied with it and the state keeps a very high engagement of the population into insurance plans, an overwhelming 99% count with a life insurance that ensures quality healthcare at any moment.
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| ===Religion===
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| [[File:Uppsala Fyris cathedral horizontal.JPG|230px|thumbnail|Cathedral of [[Bremen]] and seat of the [[Church of Nidwalden]].]]
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| Nidwalden has no official religion, church and state has been officially separated since 1917 and the religious freedom is guaranteed by the constitution since then. However, a survey done by the official agency of statics of the Grand Duchy showed that Protestantism remained as the main religion with a 57.9% of adherence in the population, it was followed by atheists and/or agnostics with a 40.7%. According to political observers, Nidwalden is one of the most secular countries of [[Astyria]], for many, this process of secularization began during the protestant reformations of the churches where new ideas were spread along the country.
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| In 1885 civil marriage was recognised, and in 1887 the state took over the running of public cemeteries. In 1907 divorce was legalized and, in 1909 all religious instruction was banned from state school, much more time after the church reformation the innovative Prime Minister Ludwig Mann (1903–1911) completed the separation of the church from the state.
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| The protestant reform of the church and then the secularization process of Nidwalden is thought to be one of the reasons why the society of the small country has been very open and receptive to innovative laws and ideas. In modern times the population has supported the recognition of Same-sex unions in 1989 and the later Law that approved Same-sex marriage in 2001, years before, in 1984 Nidwalden was also one of the first countries to fully legalize the Abortion.
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| | |
| ===Largest cities===
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| The population of Nidwalden has switched from a largely rural population to one mostly urbanised, its process of urbanisation happened during the second half of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth after a strong influence of industrialisation processes led by the first ''Ludwigist wave''. Cities in Nidwalden and well marked by the different historical times and its designs; the geography of the nation has conditioned the use of the territory and cities and towns happen to be compacted in valleys, urban sprawl and suburbs are an almost nonexistent problem, however, medieval towns and old populations around fortifications and castles are a common phenomenon that has shaped many aspects of the Nidwaldester urban designs and local economies. Largest populations in cities have been historically concentrated among Cologne and Saint Moritz, however, recently other cities like {{wp|Aarhus|Lech}}, {{wp|The Hague|Vaduz}}, {{wp|Bilbao|Bremen}} and {{wp|Innsbruck|Innsein}} have experienced important population growths.
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| {{Largest cities
| |
| | name = Largest cities of Nidwalden
| |
| | country = Nidwalden
| |
| | stat_ref = According to SAN
| |
| | list_by_pop = List of towns and cities in Nidwalden
| |
| | class = nav
| |
| | div_name = County
| |
| | div_link = Counties of Nidwalden{{!}}County
| |
| | name_link = List of towns and cities in Nidwalden
| |
| | |
| |city_1 = Saint Moritz
| |
| |div_1 = Graubünden
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| |pop_1 = 746,878
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| |img_1 = Frankfurt Skyline at night (Unsplash).jpg
| |
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| |city_2 = Cologne
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| |div_2 = Rhine
| |
| |pop_2 = 255,464
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| |img_2 = Grund, Luxembourg from wall above.jpg
| |
| | |
| |city_3 = Vaduz
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| |div_3 = Grevenmacher
| |
| |pop_3 = 246,697
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| |img_3 = Cityscape of The Hague, viewed from Het Plein (The Square).jpg
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| | |
| |city_4 = Lech
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| |div_4 = Vorarlberg
| |
| |pop_4 = 222,125
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| |img_4 = A40-Ruhrschnellweg-Huttrop.jpg
| |
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| |city_5 = Bremen
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| |div_5 = Capellen
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| |pop_5 = 117,510
| |
| | |
| |city_6 = Innsein
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| |div_6 = Diekrich
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| |pop_6 = 111,267
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| | |
| |city_7 = Zell am See
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| |div_7 = Wiltz
| |
| |pop_7 = 92,753
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| | |
| |city_8 = Mégeve
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| |div_8 = Sallanches
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| |pop_8 = 61,536
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| | |
| |city_9 = Beret
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| |div_9 = Capellen
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| |pop_9 = 52,163
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| | |
| |city_10 = Kitzbuhel
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| |div_10 = Wiltz
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| |pop_10 = 51,571
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| | |
| }} | | }} |
| | | | coords = |
| ===Education=== | | | type = [[Sea]] |
| Like the neighbouring countries of [[Noordenstaat]] and [[Scanonia]], Nidwalden has a developed education in which students have a performance that overpass regional averages. The education system is the responsibility of the Ministry of Education in all the Nidwaldester territory. Optional Kindergarten is offered for all children between one and six years old, after it, primary and secondary school are compulsory and last six years each one, secondary school is divided between the first three years and then another three years, in the last two years children can choose an ‘orientation’ where the education imparted more specialized in different areas. All children graduated from secondary school are able to speak English on level B2 and a third optional language on level B1.
| | | inflow = [[Lumine Ocean]], [[Solarian Sea]], [[Gulf of Parishar]] |
| | | | outflow = |
| Nidwalden has a long tradition of higher education, most universities are public institutions and students can attend without fee payment. The country has one of the highest rates of student enrolment in Universities, this contributes to having a very specialized workforce. Nidwalden is home of the [[Kiefern Group]], a group of the best five public universities, the name of the group is often synonymous of academic excellence.
| | | catchment = |
| <gallery caption="Universities of the Kiefern Group" mode=packed heights=120px>
| | | basin_countries = {{hidden | fw1=normal | headerstyle=text-align:left |
| File:Palmer in Ivy.jpg|Vaduz-Hohenheim University
| | | header = Coastal countries:<!--ONLY coastal countries--> |
| File:Front View.jpg|University of Cologne
| | | content = {{flatlist}} |
| File:Rockefeller Hall (Vassar College).jpg|University of Saint Moritz
| | * [[Amathia]] |
| File:Ransom Hall, Kenyon College.jpg|Bremen-Nassau University
| | * [[Etruria]] |
| File:Aarhus Universitets hovedbygning set fra parken-cropped.jpg|Lech-Hildesheim University
| | * [[Tengaria]] |
| </gallery>
| | * [[Ravnia]] |
| The Nidwaldeser Army, Air Force and Home Guard compose the [[Nidwaldeser Armed Forces]]; these are under the command of the {{wp|commander-in-chief}}, who is the Grand Duke of Nidwalden. Since 1904, military service is voluntary and as of 2018, the armed forces employed a total of 18,983 personnel, which include civilians. The commander-in-chief is the Grand Duke of Nidwalden and the four branches are subordinate to the Nidwaldeser Ministry of Defense. Decisions are usually taken in conjunction with the Grand Duke, the [[Prime Minister of Nidwalden]], the [[Politics of Nidwalden#Cabinet|Minister of Defense and the Minister of Foreign Relations]], although the Grand Duke has the final word on the resolution.The defence of the Grand Duchy also depends on the Nidwaldeser Intelligence Service, an intelligence agency whose responsibility is to protect the interests and infrastructure of Nidwalden as well as of the Lorecian Community, the agency is in charge of the Onyx network, an intelligence gathering system whose purpose is to monitor by intercepting both civil and military communications. Despite its difficult terrain, Nidwalden enjoys a large and intelligent military infrastructure developed to attack in case of invasions. The Air Force has a structure of seven air bases, two of them capable of handling only helicopters in case of emergency.
| | * [[Venikara]] |
| | | * [[Zorasan]] |
| During the 1980s Nidwalden experienced a pacifist movement and the existence of popular anti-militarist groups which launched a referendum to cut gradually the activities of the armed forces and to abolish the armed forces altogether. Despite small defeats in both referendums celebrated, the population decided to maintain its armed forces.
| | * For other countries, see [[#Hydrography|§Hydrography]] |
| ==Culture==
| | {{endflatlist}}}} |
| [[File:Hallstatt 300.jpg|230px|thumbnail|Leitza in Bergig]] | | | length = |
| Nidwalden shares many strong cultural and historical ties with the neighbouring countries of [[Scanonia]] and [[Noordenstaat]]. The country has been historically one of the most progressive cultures of the world, Nidwalden was one of the first countries in [[Astyria]] and the world to allow same-sex unions in 1989, abortion in 1984 and legal same-sex marriage in 2001. Modesty and social equality are important parts of a culture that has been shaped through history by major intellectuals, artist and new thinkers that later became important for the new waves of think in [[Astyria]].
| | | width = |
| ===Architecture and design===
| | | area = |
| [[File:Kilden teater og konserthus.jpg|230px|thumbnail|left|Theatre Grand Duchess Margaretha]]Nidwaldester design and architecture has grown while being characterized by the simplicity, minimalism and functionality, it is a style worldwide famous. Initially influenced by the Bauhaus school, Nidwaldester designers and architects took different ways to persuade a different style, however, the culture for design in Nidwalden dates from long before the 20th century, despite the small size of the country, different areas developed different styles, this contributed to a major diversity in architectural styles. The most typical constructions along the central valley date from the Middle Ages and follow Romanesque styles. Gothic architecture flourished during the high and late medieval period and with this large Gothic influence, castles started to be constructed appearing through the whole country and being today the most distinctive architectural pieces of Nidwalden, most of them are located in the cores or up in hills near towns, where half-timbered buildings became part of the Nidwaldester culture. | | | depth = |
| | | | max-depth = |
| The progressive industrialization and the years of stable growth helped to develop a more modern side of the architecture in Nidwalden, large cities like Saint Moritz, Cologne and Lech are known for its modern buildings of distinctive Nidwaldester Design. The Mégeve County Councils and the Bremen City Hall, the Kirchberg borough of Cologne, the skyscrapers of Saint Moritz and many of the contemporary developments in the cities of Vaduz and Lech are just some of the most recognised pieces of modern Nidwaldester design.
| | | volume = |
| | | residence_time = |
| | | shore = |
| | | temperature_high = {{convert|28|C|F|abbr=on}} |
| | | temperature_low = {{convert|12|C|F|abbr=on}} |
| | | elevation = |
| | | frozen = |
| | | islands = |
| | | cities = |
| | {{Plainlist| |
| | * [[Alikianos]] |
| | * ''([[List of coastal settlements of the Mediterranean Sea|full list]])'' |
| | }} |
| | | reference = |
| | }} |
| | The '''Acheloian Sea''' is a {{wp|sea}} connected to the [[Lumine Ocean]], whose basin is within the borders of [[Euclea|South Euclea]], [[Rahelia]], [[Satria]] and all of the coast of [[Zorasan]] in central [[Coius]]. Like the [[Solarian Sea]], the Acheloian has had enormous importance for the development of Euclean society and Western thought, being explored almost in its entirety by [[Piraea]]n explorers since the 7th century BC. |
| | ==Etymology== |
| | ¿Αχελοηαν Θάλασσα? |
| | =Live Piraea= |
