Xu Bangguo: Difference between revisions
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|smallimage = <!--If this is specified, "image" should not be.--> | |smallimage = <!--If this is specified, "image" should not be.--> | ||
|caption = | |caption = | ||
|office = | |office = Minister of International Relations | ||
|term_start = | |term_start = 19<sup>th</sup> November 2016 | ||
|term_end = | |term_end = | ||
|deputy = | |deputy = | ||
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|predecessor = [[Xi Yao-tong]] | |predecessor = [[Xi Yao-tong]] | ||
|successor = | |successor = | ||
|office2 = Member of the [[State Presidium of Xiaodong|State Presidium]] | |||
|term_start2 = 2<sup>nd</sup> March 2012 | |||
|office2 = | |term_end2 = | ||
|term_start2 = | |president2 = [[Yuan Xiannian]] | ||
|term_end2 = | |||
|president2 | |||
|office3 = Minister of Defence and Military Planning | |office3 = Minister of Defence and Military Planning | ||
|term_start3 = 2<sup>nd</sup> March | |term_start3 = 2<sup>nd</sup> March 2012 | ||
|term_end3 = | |term_end3 = 19<sup>th</sup> November 2016 | ||
|deputy3 = | |deputy3 = | ||
|lieutenant3 = | |lieutenant3 = | ||
| Line 48: | Line 36: | ||
|succeeding3 = | |succeeding3 = | ||
|predecessor3 =Jiang Heping | |predecessor3 =Jiang Heping | ||
|successor3 =Sun | |successor3 =Sun Chuanjun | ||
|constituency3 = | |constituency3 = | ||
|majority3 = | |majority3 = | ||
|office4 = | |office4 = Minister of Science, Research and Development | ||
|term_start4 = | |term_start4 = 30<sup>th</sup> March 2008 | ||
|term_end4 = 2<sup>nd</sup> March | |term_end4 = 2<sup>nd</sup> March 2012 | ||
|deputy4 = | |deputy4 = | ||
|lieutenant4 = | |lieutenant4 = | ||
|monarch4 = | |monarch4 = | ||
|president4 = | |president4 = | ||
|primeminister4 = | |primeminister4 = | ||
|governor4 = | |governor4 = | ||
|succeeding4 = | |succeeding4 = | ||
|predecessor4 = | |predecessor4 = Sheng Jianxi | ||
|successor4 = | |successor4 = Zhao Guanping | ||
|constituency4 = | |constituency4 = | ||
|majority4 = | |majority4 = | ||
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1954|08|30}} | |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1954|08|30}} | ||
|birth_place = | |birth_place = Wudan, Zhongan Province, [[Xiaodong]] | ||
|death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} or {{Death-date and age|Month DD, YYYY|Month DD, YYYY}} (death date then birth date) --> | |death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} or {{Death-date and age|Month DD, YYYY|Month DD, YYYY}} (death date then birth date) --> | ||
|death_place = | |death_place = | ||
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|birthname = | |birthname = | ||
|citizenship = | |citizenship = | ||
|nationality = | |nationality = | ||
|party =[[ | |party = [[Society for Restoring Benevolence]] | ||
|otherparty = <!--For additional political affiliations--> | |otherparty = <!--For additional political affiliations--> | ||
|spouse = Jiang Meng | |spouse = Jiang Meng | ||
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|committees = | |committees = | ||
|portfolio = | |portfolio = | ||
|religion = | |religion = | ||
|signature = | |signature = | ||
|signature_alt = | |signature_alt = | ||
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}} | }} | ||
:''This is a Xiaodongese name; the family name is Xu (徐).'' | :''This is a Xiaodongese name; the family name is Xu (徐).'' | ||
'''Xu Bangguo''' (''Xiaodongese'': '''徐邦国'''; ''Xú Bāngguó'' born 30<sup>th</sup> August | '''Xu Bangguo''' (''Xiaodongese'': '''徐邦国'''; ''Xú Bāngguó'' born 30<sup>th</sup> August 1954) is a [[Xiaodong|Xiaodongese]] politician who has served as Minister of International Relations of Xiaodong since 2016, having previously served as Minister of Defence and Military Planning between 2012 to 2016 and Minister of Science, Research and Development from 2008 to 2012. He is currently seen one of the most powerful men in Xiaodong having been a member of the [[State Presidium of Xiaodong|State Presidium]] since 2012. | ||
Xu was born in an upper class political family, studying at the University of Rongzhuo before | Xu was born in an upper class political family, studying at the University of Rongzhuo before being elected as a member of the Legislative Council, where he became affiliated with the hardline Society for Restoring Benevolence. In 2006 he was appointed as Minister of Science, Research and Development where he gained a reputation on supporting greater investment on the internet and the digitisation of government operations as well as being close to then-premier [[Yuan Xiannian]]. In 2012 he was appointed Minister of Defence and Military Planning under Yuan Xiannian where he expanded the Xiaodongese military and supported hawkish policies abroad. In 2016 he replaced [[Xi Yao-tong]] as Minister of International Affairs. | ||
Xu has been described as one of the "''most hardline members of the | Xu has been described as one of the "''most hardline members of the State Presidium''", being seen as {{wp|hawkish}} on [[Senria]] stating Xiaodong had the right to launch a "preemptive strike" on the country, and is also a strong opponent of {{wp|economic liberalism|economically liberal}} policies. Regarded as one of the core supporters of Yuan Xiannian, Xu is seen as a crucial voice in support of an aggressive approach in the [[Normalisation (Xiaodong)|Normalisation]] process alongside a general hardening of Xiaodong's foreign policy. | ||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
==Bureaucratic career== | ==Bureaucratic career== | ||
== | ==Ministerial career== | ||
== | ===Minister of Science, Research and Development=== | ||
===Minister of Defence and Military Planning=== | |||
===Minister of International Relations=== | |||
Xu was appointed as Minister of International Relations in November 2016, during the [[2016-17 Xiaodongese Protests]] succeeding [[Xi Yao-tong]] when the latter was promoted to Premier. The decision of State Chairman [[Yuan Xiannian]] and Xi to appoint Xu as foreign minister was widely criticised by the opposition and within the ministry. Unlike previous foreign ministers Xu had not been a member of the diplomatic corps having never served as ambassador to a foreign country. Xu's foreign language skills were also questioned, with his {{wp|French language|Gaullican}} being reportedly poor - his predecessor Xi in contrast spoke Gaullican and {{wp|Japanese language|Senrian}} fluently as well as having some knowledge of {{wp|Farsi|Pardarian}} and {{wp|English language|Estmerish}}. Yuan and Xi dismissed claims that Xu was unsuited to the role, stating that his previous role as defence minister had placed him in close contact with foreign officials thus giving him substantive experience in foreign relations. | |||
As International Relations Minister Xu retained his seat on the [[State Presidium of Xiaodong|State Presidium]] making him one of its longest serving members. Commentators such as Li Daohan noted that with Yuan and Xi - both strongly interested in foreign relations - taking up senior leadership positions following the resignation of [[Jiang Zhongyu]] as State Chairman it was "''inevitable''" that the next International Relations Minister in foreign affairs would be overshadowed by the Premier and that by placing a Yuan loyalist and former defence minister in the ministry Yuan was "''clearly indicating that the premier will oversee foreign policy in its execution whilst Xu will be responsible for Yuan's likely strategic goal - militarising foreign policy approach through a far more ideological lens then the usual transactional view supported by bureaucrats''". | |||
==Views== | ==Views== | ||
Xu has been called an "''old school and traditionalist [[National Principlism|National Principlist]] who would have fit perfectly in the government of [[Sun Yuting]].''" He has been called a hardline [[Xiaodongese nationalism|Xiaodongese nationalist]], {{wp|social conservatism|social conservative}} and {{wp|Economic interventionism|economic interventionist}}. Xiaodongese political scientist Hu Guxiang says that Xu in many ways is a "''throwback''" but his support for public welfare, moves to lessen inequality and uncompromising nationalism has made him a "''popular figure in some circles''". | Xu has been called an "''old school and traditionalist [[National Principlism|National Principlist]] who would have fit perfectly in the government of [[Sun Yuting]].''" He has been called a hardline [[Xiaodongese nationalism|Xiaodongese nationalist]], {{wp|social conservatism|social conservative}} and {{wp|Economic interventionism|economic interventionist}}. Xiaodongese political scientist Hu Guxiang says that Xu in many ways is a "''throwback''" but his support for public welfare, moves to lessen inequality and uncompromising nationalism has made him a "''popular figure in some circles''". | ||
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Xu has been reported to hold conflicting views on the [[Senrian Genocide]]. In 1996 he wrote the introduction to ''Uncovering the Truth about [[Senria]]''", a book by controversial historian Feng Huqiao which accused the Senrian Genocide as being fabricated by [[Prime Minister of Senria|Senrian Prime Minister]] [[Katurou Imahara|Imahara Katurou]] to legitimise his regime during the 1930's. Xu was also a member of the ''Society for the Investigation of the Senrian Incident'' which denies the Senrian Genocide and in 1998 voted in favour of a bill that would have absolved Xiaodong from participating in "''unlawful killings'" during the [[Senrian-Xiaodongese War]]. | Xu has been reported to hold conflicting views on the [[Senrian Genocide]]. In 1996 he wrote the introduction to ''Uncovering the Truth about [[Senria]]''", a book by controversial historian Feng Huqiao which accused the Senrian Genocide as being fabricated by [[Prime Minister of Senria|Senrian Prime Minister]] [[Katurou Imahara|Imahara Katurou]] to legitimise his regime during the 1930's. Xu was also a member of the ''Society for the Investigation of the Senrian Incident'' which denies the Senrian Genocide and in 1998 voted in favour of a bill that would have absolved Xiaodong from participating in "''unlawful killings'" during the [[Senrian-Xiaodongese War]]. | ||
In 2007 however Xu was one of 165 delegates in the | In 2007 however Xu was one of 165 delegates in the Xiaodongese government to sign a letter of regret to the Senrian Prime Minister [[Sigesato Izumi|Izumi Sigesato]] over "''past transgressions to the Senrian people''". Nevertheless the move was condemned as political opportunism, as shortly afterwards Xu stated that "''the term genocide is often overused...I think its safe to say that what happened in the 1930's in Senria does not fit a legal or academic definition of a genocide''". | ||
In 2012 Xu said that "''the debate on genocide is to clouded by emotion. I think we are better by looking to the facts than emotion, which suggest the opposite of what Senrian historians such as Nakano Hirosige suggest.''" In 2013 he penned an essay in the ''Xiaodongese Observer'' where he criticised Xiaodongese historian [[Wang Decheng]] - who was one of the first historians to estimate the deaths of the genocide to number 4 million - as being "''totally wrong''" and a "''filthy traitor''". | In 2012 Xu said that "''the debate on genocide is to clouded by emotion. I think we are better by looking to the facts than emotion, which suggest the opposite of what Senrian historians such as Nakano Hirosige suggest.''" In 2013 he penned an essay in the ''Xiaodongese Observer'' where he criticised Xiaodongese historian [[Wang Decheng]] - who was one of the first historians to estimate the deaths of the genocide to number 4 million - as being "''totally wrong''" and a "''filthy traitor''". | ||
In 2017 Xu said he was in "''complete agreement''" with Xiaodongese historian Zhou Youyu who claimed only | In 2017 Xu said he was in "''complete agreement''" with Xiaodongese historian Zhou Youyu who claimed only 500,000 Senrian civilians were killed by Xiaodongese forces in the Senrian-Xiaodongese War saying the evidence was "''indisputable''". | ||
==Personal life== | ==Personal life== | ||
[[Category:Xiaodong]][[Category:Xiaodong people]] | [[Category:Xiaodong]][[Category:Xiaodong people]] | ||
Latest revision as of 00:29, 7 January 2021
Xú Bāngguó | |
|---|---|
| 徐邦国 | |
 | |
| Minister of International Relations | |
| Assumed office 19th November 2016 | |
| Prime Minister | Xi Yao-tong |
| Preceded by | Xi Yao-tong |
| Member of the State Presidium | |
| Assumed office 2nd March 2012 | |
| President | Yuan Xiannian |
| Minister of Defence and Military Planning | |
| In office 2nd March 2012 – 19th November 2016 | |
| Prime Minister | Yuan Xiannian |
| Preceded by | Jiang Heping |
| Succeeded by | Sun Chuanjun |
| Minister of Science, Research and Development | |
| In office 30th March 2008 – 2nd March 2012 | |
| Preceded by | Sheng Jianxi |
| Succeeded by | Zhao Guanping |
| Personal details | |
| Born | August 30, 1954 Wudan, Zhongan Province, Xiaodong |
| Political party | Society for Restoring Benevolence |
| Spouse | Jiang Meng |
| Alma mater | University of Rongzhuo |
- This is a Xiaodongese name; the family name is Xu (徐).
Xu Bangguo (Xiaodongese: 徐邦国; Xú Bāngguó born 30th August 1954) is a Xiaodongese politician who has served as Minister of International Relations of Xiaodong since 2016, having previously served as Minister of Defence and Military Planning between 2012 to 2016 and Minister of Science, Research and Development from 2008 to 2012. He is currently seen one of the most powerful men in Xiaodong having been a member of the State Presidium since 2012.
Xu was born in an upper class political family, studying at the University of Rongzhuo before being elected as a member of the Legislative Council, where he became affiliated with the hardline Society for Restoring Benevolence. In 2006 he was appointed as Minister of Science, Research and Development where he gained a reputation on supporting greater investment on the internet and the digitisation of government operations as well as being close to then-premier Yuan Xiannian. In 2012 he was appointed Minister of Defence and Military Planning under Yuan Xiannian where he expanded the Xiaodongese military and supported hawkish policies abroad. In 2016 he replaced Xi Yao-tong as Minister of International Affairs.
Xu has been described as one of the "most hardline members of the State Presidium", being seen as hawkish on Senria stating Xiaodong had the right to launch a "preemptive strike" on the country, and is also a strong opponent of economically liberal policies. Regarded as one of the core supporters of Yuan Xiannian, Xu is seen as a crucial voice in support of an aggressive approach in the Normalisation process alongside a general hardening of Xiaodong's foreign policy.
Early life
Bureaucratic career
Ministerial career
Minister of Science, Research and Development
Minister of Defence and Military Planning
Minister of International Relations
Xu was appointed as Minister of International Relations in November 2016, during the 2016-17 Xiaodongese Protests succeeding Xi Yao-tong when the latter was promoted to Premier. The decision of State Chairman Yuan Xiannian and Xi to appoint Xu as foreign minister was widely criticised by the opposition and within the ministry. Unlike previous foreign ministers Xu had not been a member of the diplomatic corps having never served as ambassador to a foreign country. Xu's foreign language skills were also questioned, with his Gaullican being reportedly poor - his predecessor Xi in contrast spoke Gaullican and Senrian fluently as well as having some knowledge of Pardarian and Estmerish. Yuan and Xi dismissed claims that Xu was unsuited to the role, stating that his previous role as defence minister had placed him in close contact with foreign officials thus giving him substantive experience in foreign relations.
As International Relations Minister Xu retained his seat on the State Presidium making him one of its longest serving members. Commentators such as Li Daohan noted that with Yuan and Xi - both strongly interested in foreign relations - taking up senior leadership positions following the resignation of Jiang Zhongyu as State Chairman it was "inevitable" that the next International Relations Minister in foreign affairs would be overshadowed by the Premier and that by placing a Yuan loyalist and former defence minister in the ministry Yuan was "clearly indicating that the premier will oversee foreign policy in its execution whilst Xu will be responsible for Yuan's likely strategic goal - militarising foreign policy approach through a far more ideological lens then the usual transactional view supported by bureaucrats".
Views
Xu has been called an "old school and traditionalist National Principlist who would have fit perfectly in the government of Sun Yuting." He has been called a hardline Xiaodongese nationalist, social conservative and economic interventionist. Xiaodongese political scientist Hu Guxiang says that Xu in many ways is a "throwback" but his support for public welfare, moves to lessen inequality and uncompromising nationalism has made him a "popular figure in some circles".
Nationalism
In 2004 when asked if Xiaodongese nationalism was still relevant in the rise of globalisation Xu stated "nationalism is more important than ever...it important for the current generation to grow up with a clear sense of Xiaodongese values, Xiaodongese culture and Xiaodongese history. I'm not a fan of self aggrandising our culture and our history which I think all Xiaodongese regardless of political view can be proud of". Xu has also said that Xiaodong needs to undergo a "cultural revolution" to stop globalism and liberalism, saying "the Xiaodongese nation is under attack from liberal, globalist and other anti-nationalism tenets...Xiaodong needs to undergo some kind of cultural revolution to reassert the Xiaodongese nation". Xu has called for a form of economic nationalism in Xiaodong and criticised free trade.
Inequality
Xu has been a critic of economic inequality in Xiaodong which he had blamed on economic liberalism. In 2009 he called for greater state control of the economy, de-privatisation and increased investment to eliminate inequality in Xiaodong, stating "it is a tragedy that Xiaodongese people are in poverty...the state, under the principles of National Principlism, must intervene to address the inequalities of the market and i some cases eliminate the market".
Historical revisionism
Xu has been reported to hold conflicting views on the Senrian Genocide. In 1996 he wrote the introduction to Uncovering the Truth about Senria", a book by controversial historian Feng Huqiao which accused the Senrian Genocide as being fabricated by Senrian Prime Minister Imahara Katurou to legitimise his regime during the 1930's. Xu was also a member of the Society for the Investigation of the Senrian Incident which denies the Senrian Genocide and in 1998 voted in favour of a bill that would have absolved Xiaodong from participating in "unlawful killings'" during the Senrian-Xiaodongese War.
In 2007 however Xu was one of 165 delegates in the Xiaodongese government to sign a letter of regret to the Senrian Prime Minister Izumi Sigesato over "past transgressions to the Senrian people". Nevertheless the move was condemned as political opportunism, as shortly afterwards Xu stated that "the term genocide is often overused...I think its safe to say that what happened in the 1930's in Senria does not fit a legal or academic definition of a genocide".
In 2012 Xu said that "the debate on genocide is to clouded by emotion. I think we are better by looking to the facts than emotion, which suggest the opposite of what Senrian historians such as Nakano Hirosige suggest." In 2013 he penned an essay in the Xiaodongese Observer where he criticised Xiaodongese historian Wang Decheng - who was one of the first historians to estimate the deaths of the genocide to number 4 million - as being "totally wrong" and a "filthy traitor".
In 2017 Xu said he was in "complete agreement" with Xiaodongese historian Zhou Youyu who claimed only 500,000 Senrian civilians were killed by Xiaodongese forces in the Senrian-Xiaodongese War saying the evidence was "indisputable".