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{{Region_icon_Ajax}}
{{Region_icon_Ajax}}
{{Infobox country
{{Infobox country
|native_name = ⵙⴰⵏⴰⵜⴰⵜ ⵉⵜⴰⴽⵧⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵞⴰⵔⵏⴻⴰ</br>''Sanatat Itakoran n Charnea'' ({{wp|Tamashek}})
|native_name = ⴽⴰⵔⴰⴷⴰⵜ ⴰⴷⴷⵓⵍⵢⴰ ⵞⴰⵔⵍⴻⴰ</br>''Karadat Addunya n Charnea'' ({{wp|Tamashek}})
|common_name = Charnea
|common_name = Charnea
|conventional_long_name = Second Empire of Charnea
|conventional_long_name = Third Charnean Empire
|image_flag                  = Flag of Charnea.svg
|image_flag                  = Charneaflag.png
|alt_flag                    =  
|alt_flag                    =  
|image_coat                  = Coat_of_Charnea.svg
|image_coat                  =  
|alt_coat                    =  
|alt_coat                    =  
|symbol_type                =  
|symbol_type                =  
|national_motto              = ''Strength through Struggle''
|national_motto              =  
|national_anthem            =  
|national_anthem            =  
|royal_anthem                =  
|royal_anthem                =  
|other_symbol_type          =  
|other_symbol_type          =  
|other_symbol                =  
|other_symbol                =  
|image_map                  = Charnea_location.png
|image_map                  =  
|map_width                  = 275px
|map_width                  = 275px
|alt_map                    =  
|alt_map                    =  
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|largest_city                = [[Agnannet]]
|largest_city                = [[Agnannet]]
|official_languages          = {{wp|Tamashek}}
|official_languages          = {{wp|Tamashek}}
|national_languages          = </br>{{wp|Zarma language|Zarma}}<br>{{wp|Arabic|Gharbaic}}
|national_languages          = {{wp|Egyptian language|Randeshret}}<br/>{{wp|Zarma language|Zarma}}<br/>{{wp|Teda language|Tedaga}}  
|regional_languages          =  
|regional_languages          = {{wp|Tamahaq}}<br/>{{wp|Tawellemmet}}<br/>{{wp|Daza language|Dazaga}}<br/>{{wp|Maghrebi Arabic|Darja}}<br/>{{wp|Judeo-Berber language|Tichkalloɣat}}
|languages_type              =  
|languages_type              =  
|languages                  =  
|languages                  =  
| ethnic_groups              = {{unbulleted list
| ethnic_groups              = {{unbulleted list
| 22.9% {{wp|Ikelan}}
| 40.2% [[Tenerians]]
| 22.8% [[Tenerians]]
| 19.4% {{wp|Toubou people|Tebu}}
| 19.3% {{wp|Zarma people|Zarma}}
| 17.4% {{wp|Zarma people|Zarma}}  
| 14.1% {{wp|Afro-Arab|Gharbaic}}  
| 15.3% [[Deshrians]]
| 6.6% {{wp|Yoruba people|Yoruba}}
| 4.1% {{wp|Arabs|Gharibs}}
| 4.5% {{wp|Fula people|Fula}}
| 2.4% [[Tichkans]]
| 2.5% {{wp|Sara people|Sara}}
| 2.4% {{wp|Hausa people|Hausa}}
| 1.9% {{wp|Copts|Deshretic}}
| 1.8% {{wp|Zaghawa people|Zaghawa}}
| 1.2% Other
| 1.2% Other
}}
}}
|ethnic_groups_year          = 2019
|ethnic_groups_year          = 2020
|demonym                    = Charnean
|demonym                    = Charnean
|government_type            = {{wp|Unitary states|Unitary}} {{wp|constitutional monarchy}}  
|government_type            = {{wp|Unitary states|Unitary}} {{wp|dominant party system|dominant party}} {{wp|constitutional monarchy}}  
|leader_title1              = [[Monarchy of Charnea|Tamenokalt-Gaabikoyo]]
|leader_title1              = [[Monarchy of Charnea|Tamenokalt]]
|leader_name1                = [[Amina N'Okha]]
|leader_name1                = [[Amina N'Okha|Amina Harakkat ult Tanermat N'Okha]]
|leader_title2              = [[Premier of Charnea|Premier]]
|leader_title2              = [[Premier of Charnea|Premier]]
|leader_name2                = [[Martuf ag Lamine]]
|leader_name2                = [[Marus Ibiza ag Haqar]]
|leader_title3              = [[Chief Justice of Charnea|Chief Justice]]
|leader_name3                = [[Usila Gad]]  
|legislature                = [[Agraw Imgharan]]
|legislature                = [[Agraw Imgharan]]
|upper_house                =  
|upper_house                =  
|lower_house                =  
|lower_house                =  
|sovereignty_type            =
|sovereignty_type            = Foundations
|sovereignty_note            =  
|sovereignty_note            =  
|established_event1          =  
|established_event1          = [[Charnean Empire]]
|established_date1          =  
|established_date1          = 17 March, 1360
|established_event2          =  
|established_event2          = [[Awakari Empire|Second Empire]]
|established_date2          =  
|established_date2          = 4 September, 1607
|established_event3          =  
|established_event3          = Third Empire
|established_date3          =  
|established_date3          = 13 August, 1853
|area_rank                  =  
|area_rank                  =  
|area_magnitude              =  
|area_magnitude              =  
|area                        =
|area                        =
|area_km2                    = 2,621,088
|area_km2                    =  
|area_sq_mi                  =  
|area_sq_mi                  =  
|area_footnote              =
|area_footnote              =
|area_label                  = Total
|area_label                  =  
|percent_water              =  
|percent_water              =  
|area_dabodyalign            =  
|area_dabodyalign            =  
|population_estimate        = 41,023,983
|population_estimate        = 50,023,983
|population_estimate_rank    =  
|population_estimate_rank    =  
|population_estimate_year    = 2020
|population_estimate_year    = 2022
|population_census          = 40,165,572
|population_census          = 48,995,572
|population_census_year      = 2019
|population_census_year      = 2020
|population_density_km2      =  
|population_density_km2      =  
|population_density_sq_mi    =
|population_density_sq_mi    =
|population_density_rank    =
|population_density_rank    =
|GDP_PPP                    = $540 billion
|GDP_PPP                    = [[Latin solidus|$]]1,109.5 billion
|GDP_PPP_rank                =  
|GDP_PPP_rank                =  
|GDP_PPP_year                =  
|GDP_PPP_year                =  
|GDP_PPP_per_capita          = $13,179.45
|GDP_PPP_per_capita          = [[Latin solidus|$]]22,179.45
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank    =
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank    =
|GDP_nominal                =  
|GDP_nominal                =  
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|GDP_nominal_per_capita      =  
|GDP_nominal_per_capita      =  
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
|Gini                        = 35.9
|Gini                        = 29.4
|Gini_rank                  =
|Gini_rank                  =
|Gini_year                  =  
|Gini_year                  =  
|Gini_category              =
|Gini_category              =
|HDI                        = 0.701
|HDI                        = 0.801
|HDI_rank                    =
|HDI_rank                    =
|HDI_year                    =
|HDI_year                    =
|HDI_category                =
|HDI_category                =
|currency                    = Charnean Dinar
|currency                    = Charnean Azref
|currency_code              = CDR
|currency_code              = ₳
|time_zone                  =
|time_zone                  =
|utc_offset                  =
|utc_offset                  =
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}}
}}


'''Charnea''' ({{wp|Tamashek}}: ⵞⴰⵔⵏⴻⴰ), formally the '''Second Empire of Charnea''' (ⵙⴰⵏⴰⵜⴰⵜ ⵉⵜⴰⴽⵧⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵞⴰⵔⵏⴻⴰ, ''Sanatat Itakoran n Charnea''), is a {{wp|constitutional monarchy}} in [[Ajax#Scipia|Scipia]] bordered by the [[Messidor Union]] to the northwest, [[Alanahr]] to the northeast, [[Fahran]] and [[Kembesa]] to the east and [[M'biruna]] to the southeast. The Second Empire is a {{wp|unitary state}} made up of [[Territories of Charnea|eleven territories]] and encompasses numerous ethnic and religious groups, with [[Tenerians|Kel Tenere]], {{wp|Zarma people|Zarma}}, and {{wp|Afro-Arab|Gharbaic}} peoples making up the largest ethnic contingents. Among Charnea's diverse religious groups are [[White Path|White Pilgrims]], [[Azdarin|Yen]], {{wp|Judaism|Jews}} and [[Asalism|Asalists]] which practice their traditions exclusively or in conjunction with the highly {{wp|syncretism|syncretic}} native Charnean faith [[Tamdda-ddin]], a [[Kaharnism|Kaharnic]] faith closely related to ancient {{wp|Amazigh}} traditional religion. The government of the Second Empire, recently established in December of 2021, invokes many of the customs and traditions of the defunct [[Empire of Charnea]] while implemented a new style of constitutional government. In contrast to some contemporary monarchies of this type, Charnea eschews concepts of {{wp|representative democracy}} in favor of {{wp|meritocracy|meritocratic}} principles and the philosophy of {{wp|Legalism (Chinese philosophy)|Total Law}} under which the monarch serves as a hereditary executive subject to the law rather than a {{wp|Sovereign}} with overriding authority over the courts. The national {{wp|deliberative assembly}}, [[Agraw Imgharan]], is a {{wp|Unicameralism|unicameral legislature}} whose members represent various organs of the civil service and the military as a means of formalizing the role of these institutions in the decision making process and control of the apparatus of state.  
'''Charnea''' ({{wp|Tamashek}}: ⴽⴰⵔⴰⴷⴰⵜ ⴰⴷⴷⵓⵍⵢⴰ ⵞⴰⵔⵍⴻⴰ, ''Karadat Addunya n Charnea'', "'''Third Empire of Charnea'''") is a landlocked country in central [[Ajax#Scipia|Scipia]] bordered by [[Talahara]] to the northwest, [[Tyreseia]] to the north, [[Alanahr]], [[Vardana]] and [[Fahran]] to the northeast, [[Kembesa]] and [[M'biruna]] to the east, and [[Itayana]] to the south. Geographically, country consists of the arid expanse of the eponymous [[Ninva Desert]], the [[Agala ecoregion|Agala highlands]] in the far south of the country, and a transitional semi-arid {{wp|sahel}} belt stretching between the two. Charnea extends halfway across the continent of Scipia from east to west, commanding many of the overland routes of travel between the densely populated southern Scipia and the wealthy [[Periclean world|Periclean]] states to the north. Charnean government is a coalition of the region's four major ethnic groups, the [[Tenerians]], the {{wp|Tebu people|Tebu}}, the {{wp|Zarma people|Zarma}} and the [[Deshrians]], joined into a {{wp|unitary state}} under the {{wp|constitutional monarchy|conditional rule}} of the [[Okha Clan]], one of many dynasties that has governed the Charnean Empire and its numerous successor states. The [[Agraw Imgharan]], Charnean legislature, allows political participation under a {{wp|dominant party system}} by a variety of political parties representing various majority and minority ethnic and religious groups in the country. However, the [[Assembly of Progress and Development]] (Tamashek: ⴰⵍⵥⴰⵎⴰⵖⴰⵜ ⴼⴰⵍ ⴽⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵏ ⴻⴼⴻⵙ, ''Alzamaɣat fal Karras n Efes'' or ''AKE'') has dominated the national elections and the Agraw Imgharan since 1982, limiting the role of the multi-party system in the de facto governance of the country.  


Modern day Charnea was once part of three great Scipian empires, the {{wp|Yoruba people|Yoruba}}-{{wp|Hausa people|Hausa}} led [[Sunset Empire]], the {{wp|Zarma people|Zarma}} led [[Hsewa Empire]] as well as the [[Tenerians]] led [[Empire of Charnea]] for which the country is named. Various {{wp|Copts|Deshretic}} domains as well as the {{wp|Tamashek}} speaking {{wp|Amazigh}} confederations of the northern and western deserts have also existed within what is now Charnea, eventually being subsumed into the Empire of Charnea. At its peak between 1350 and the 1420s, the Empire of Charnea controlled a majority of the Scipian continent and was one of the largest contemporary military powers in the world. Throughout the early modern period, the empire's frontiers receded to what was considered its core territories, a region roughly equivalent to the modern day borders of the Second Empire. From 1906-1909, the empire underwent a period of escalating civil conflict known as the [[Charnean Revolutionary Period]] eventually leading up to the dissolution of the Charnean Empire in 1911. Many core states of the former empire established the [[Central Scipian Accord]], which would later lead to the federation of the [[State of the Central Scipian Accord]]. The SCSA would expand its influence and reassert control over many lost territories of the old empire, carving up lands among notable clans and engaging in a {{wp|Spoils system|system of patronage}} benefiting the well connected. This state in turn would break under the pressure of the [[Ninvite War]] in 1987, reforming as the [[Central Scipian Republic]] during the 1987-1990 ceasefire and prosecuting the remainder of the war. The CSR continued many aspects of the corrupt {{wp|pay to play}} patronage system under a far more centralized state in which power was monopolized my a single clique of clan leaders and notable politicians as opposed to many local groups. Political instability stemming from corruption, mismanagement and constant reshuffling of state officials and leaders through the machinations and betrayals of national leadership led to the [[Great Charnean Crisis]], the [[Hatherian Genocide]] and the subsequent [[2013 Charnean coup d'etat|military coup in 2013]], followed by the breakup of the military government with the [[Military Rebellion|military rebellion of 2015]] which effectively dismantled the Central Scipian Republic. Administration of the country was then left to the [[Transitional Government of the Obul and Ninva]] effectively controlled by local military officers turned warlords for six years from late 2015 until the foundation of the Second Empire on December 10th of 2021.  
Charnean economic model is best defined as {{wp|Developmental state|developmental}} {{wp|state capitalism}}, with strong and frequent intervention by the government in the economy both in a regulatory capacity and as a {{wp|Dirigisme|directive force}}. Charnea possesses a diversified {{wp|Developing country|middle income}} economy based on resource extraction, refining, manufacturing and a developing service sector. The nation experienced a period of rapid economic growth coinciding with a demographic explosion in the mid to late 20th century known as the [[Three Strides|2nd Stride]], but growth rates declined thereafter due to economic and political factors and Charnea has since stabilized with only a low-moderate rate of population growth and cooling economy. The Okha government, installed in 2013, has perused a policy of renewed investment in the economy and has been seeking to develop the {{wp|Tertiary sector of the economy|service sector}} of Charnean economy to limited success as part of the so-called 3rd Stride. Because the country is landlocked, Charnean economy relies instead on internal and external land routes developed with an extensive rail network traversing most of eastern and central Scipia across many national borders. Charnea relies on these rail links to access shipping lanes via ports in neighboring countries in order to interact with the broader global economy in any significant way.  


In the past century, Charnea has experienced three {{wp|revolution|revolutions}}, four {{wp|military dictatorship|dictatorships}}, seventeen {{wp|coup d'etat}} attempts both failed and successful, the ten year [[Ninvite War]] with neighboring [[Fahran]], and the [[Internal conflict in Charnea|longest running civil conflict in the world]]. Many of its internal conflicts can be traced back to the dissolution of the Empire of Charnea and the aftermath of the ensuing events, particularly the unfulfilled promises of independence, self determination and autonomy which were made to many Charnea's myriad ethnic groups living under the often incompetent and heavy handed late Imperial rule. A degree of nostalgia for the relative stability of imperial rule has served as a driving force behind the movement to establish the Second Empire and renew the ideas of [[Charneanism]]. Another cause of political instability in the past has been the outbursts of periodic infighting between factions of the county's upper class over control of Charnea's valuable natural recourses, which include {{wp|petroleum}} and precious metals like {{wp|gold}} and {{wp|platinum}}. Petroleum industries nationalized under the state owned [[COPEC]] extraction and processing company account for roughly 45% of the national GDP and 70% of government income and accounts for a large portion of Charnean wealth, although the national reliance on oil exports to sustain its economy has made it especially vulnerable to disruptive fluctuations in the price of oil on the international market. Despite these frequent disruptions and the occasional imposition of {{wp|economic sanctions}} by foreign powers, the Charnean economy based largely on the processing and export of its natural wealth has become moderately prosperous. Charnea is a member of the [[Forum of Nations]] and party to the [[Four Rising Nations Summit]].
Sitting at the geographic confluence of northern, eastern and southern Scipia, Charnea has always been a crossroads for trade and a hinterland region at the edge of many empires throughout history. Many of the important regional cities within Charnea such as [[Agnannet]], [[Azut]], and [[Hamath]], are all ancient urban centers that prospered as hubs for merchant caravans and trading posts frequented by the indigenous nomadic peoples of the desert, the ancestors of today's [[Tenerians]] and {{wp|Tebu people|Tebus}}. Long overlooked by the [[Latium|Latin Empire]] and later the [[Azdarin|Almurid Caliphate]], in the 14th century Ninva desert became the seat of one of the greatest empires in Scipian history, the [[Charnean Empire]]. Under [[Ihemod the Inheritor]] and his heirs, the Tenerian Charneans ruled over roughly half of the Scipian continent for over a century from their capital at Agnannet. Although this zenith of Charnean power on the world stage was relatively short lived compared to its predecessors, it revolutionized the backwater region of the continent. Charnean {{wp|rump state}}, the [[Awakari Empire]], continued to rule the arid center of the continent for centuries after its predecessor's fall and eventually transitioned into the early Third Charnean Empire, sometimes called the Third Tenerian State, in the mid 19th century amid a wave of modernization and reform, the 1st Stride. In many ways, Charnea has remained the outer frontier of the many polities surrounding it, while in others the modern state has rivaled its Ihemodian antecedents in its local prominence on the Scipian continent.  


==Government==
The basis of the Third Charnean Empire is the collaboration and power sharing agreement laid out between its four major ethnic groups, the Deshrians, Tenerians, Tebus and Zarma, written into in the [[Ekkozedes]] treaty, also called the Quadripartite treaty. The Ekkozedes was the first foundational document of the new state as the power of the old Tenerian absolute monarchy, the Awakari Empire, began to collapse in the mid 19th century. The new government system maintained those aspects of the Imperial system that were thought to provide political stability, while expanding multi-ethnic participation and majority rule, reinforced by the establishment of a limited democracy within the formerly autocratic country. The founding spirit of this agreement, the commitment to peaceful coexistence and collaboration predicated on common prosperity and mutual beneficence, remains the cornerstone of the modern Charnean State. The notoriously pragmatic desert culture of Charnea's native people has created a pervasive governing philosophy prioritizing economic expansion and stability, as well as the guaranteed provision of basic material needs to its citizens, above religious, cultural, ethnic and ideological considerations. This so called ''Radd-xaddam'' philosophy is clearly visible in the highly {{wp|Economic interventionism|interventionist}}, {{wp|state capitalist}} economic model that manifests tight regulation of the economy and widespread, long term industrial planning by the central authorities. This system is facilitated by some of the un-democratic features of the Third Charnean Empire, such as its executive monarch and well entrenched dominant party system that allow for some high officials to effectively operate outside the confining forces of electoral concerns and popularity, allowing them to create long term plans far exceeding the term length of any one publicly elected office. This demi-authoritarian, developmental capitalist model built to maximize revenue and growth was brought into existence by the pressures experienced by the early Charnea, which was surrounded on all sides by more populous, more powerful neighbors and itself lacked many sources of easy income with only meager oil and mineral deposits many of which  were difficult to access or largely unexplored in the vastness of the landscape. Today, the success of Charnean development has created a whole new set of pressures, such as the acute water shortage and other infrastructural problems created by the nation's meteoric population expansion as well as geopolitical vulnerability brought on by the nation's dependence on foreign imports to meet its needs, including food. The constant political and social vulnerability of Charnean state has kept its government system relatively authoritarian in its internal politics through the decades.
===Diarchy===
Executive power at the national level is divided through a system of {{wp|diarchy|corule}} that vests authority equally between the monarchic [[Monarchy of Charnea|Tamenokalt]] and the democratically elected [[Premier of Charnea|Premier]]. The system of "two-headedness" was conceived to prevent decapitation of the executive branch through political crisis, failure of leadership, the effects or corruption assassination and unforeseen death. Redundancy at the highest level of the national leadership was also intended to foster competition between the Imperial and democratic aspects of Charnean government model in the hopes that this would help mitigate the vulnerabilities of both, the nepotism and lack of accountability of the monarchy, and the corruptibility of democracy. The corule system also serves as a symbol, representing the marriage of the Imperial past and the modernist future that defines Charnean state and socioeconomic dynamics. However, the system also presents the possibility of "two-mindedness", the possible deadlocked opposition of the two heads of the government and their respective institutions. To prevent the possibility of institutional clashes within the government, both heads lead the same {{wp|Cabinet (government)|cabinet}} whose members must be approved by both leaders and may be recalled by only one, a measure intended to prevent factional division within the executive branch. This in turn raises the possibility of an executive system paralyzed by gridlock when its two heads are in conflict, a state of affairs that has struck the Third Charnean Empire on several occasions through its history. In the event this executive paralysis becomes to severe, the legislative assemblies of the Agraw Imgharan are vested with the power to intervene as the source of legitimacy to both rulers and more importantly, the organ vested with the power to appoint or recall both leaders by vote of the assembly.


==Etymology==
The older of the two posts is the Tamenokalt, (Male: ''Amenokal''), the Queen of Charnea, an office that is the direct continuation of the line Awakari Empresses and Charnean Empresses and Emperors. The title was effectively created by the great conqueror [[Ihemod the Inheritor]] in 1360 when he created Charnean Empire from the Kel Kaharna tribal confederation that preceded it, however tradition laid down by Ihemod himself names [[Queen Kaharna]] of [[Tamazgha]] who reigned in the 5th century BCE as the founder of the title and of the empire, due to her deified role in Tenerian folk religion as the matron of all {{wp|Amazigh}} peoples, Tenerians included. For this reason, all monarchs of Charnea are styled "''Heir of Ihemod, Child of Kaharna''". Charnean monarchy, like those before it, operates under an {{wp|elective monarchy|elective}} system controlled by the ''Inushamen'', the upper house of the modern Agraw Imgharan made up of Anushams, symbolic Clan Elders representing sub-groups of each of the four big ethnic groups and, as of 1985, each of the recognized minority groups in the country. These offices usually weild little power over a sitting Tamenokalt, as they generally only convene to elect a new Tamenokalt from the candidates that present themselves upon the death of the current monarch. However, they also have the power to hold a {{wp|Motion of no confidence|no confidence vote}} to force the current monarchs' abdication and hold a new election. Once elected, a Tamenokalt serves for life and holds equal executive powers to the Premier. Because of this, the Tamenokalt often influences more of the long term business of the executive branch as they can always wait out an unfavorable Premier.  
The first people to be called Charneans were the ancient [[Amazigh]] tribes of the eastern [[Ninva]] which were called the ''Charkesh'' or simply ''Cha'' by the {{wp|Copts|Deshritic}} peoples of the [[Saawa Oasis]]. The Charkesh amazigh tribe are first referenced in inscriptions dating to 1,300 BCE and is no longer recorded after 700 BCE, however it is believed that the Charkesh people may have been one of the founding tribes of the large Amazigh confederation of [[Kaharna|Queen Kaharna]] and remained in the Ninva desert after the dissolution of this kingdom. Historically, the desert abode of the Charkesh and their Tamashek speaking descendants the Kel Tenere tribes has termed ''Charna'', later corruption to
''Charnea''. This latter term in was associated with the Empire of Charnea, a conquering polity native to what was originally called the Charnean desert, now known as the central and eastern Ninva. Through the Empire of Charnea, the name would come to associated not only with the cradle of its desert-faring civilization but with most of the areas it conquered, particularly those it retained until its late dissolution and reorganization into the SCSA in the 20th century. The states of the SCSA and the CSR notably did not formally adopt the name of Charnea, in an effort to divorce themselves from the legacy of autocratic Kel Tenere rule over the region. In contrast, the Second Empire has opted for the inverse of this approach, attempting to associate non-Amazigh groups with the idea of a Charnean identity.  


==History==
Charnean Premier, equivalent to a {{wp|prime minister}}, is elected by the lower house of the Agraw Imgharan, the ''Imaslan''. Deputies of the Imaslan are representatives democratically elected in national elections, and must always be affiliated with a political party. While the deputies may vote for any candidate they choose, sometimes swayed by their constituents wishes, deputies in practice almost always vote in line with the party and for the party leader or the party's proffered candidate otherwise. The mandate of any Premier is to represent the will of their political party and more broadly the political institutions of Charnea as a counterweight to the power of the Tamenokalt. Although their term in power is limited, there are no term limits for the office of Premier and so the party that elects them too office may continuously re-elect their chosen candidates to present a continuously challenge to monarchic power in the executive branch, at least so long as they can retain the electoral will within the Agraw. Vested with equal power to the Heir of Ihemod, the Premier is vested with the highest level of authority possible in the Third Charnean Empire and jointly oversees Charnean cabinet and the operations of the executive branch. Their executive power also generally makes the sitting Premier the party leader and head of the Agraw by default.


===Cradles of Civilization===
===Agraw Imgharan===
The Agraw Imgharan ({{wp|Tamashek}}: ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵓ ⵉⵎⵖⴰⵔⴰl, "Council of Elders") of Charnea is the legislative and deliberative body of the national government, and is vested with wide reaching powers over law and government policy in the country. It is a {{wp|Parliament|parliamentary}} body with {{wp|Bicameralism|two chambers}} and functions as the source of political legitimacy for the Premier. It also serves as a consultative assembly to the sitting Tamenokalt and the source of legal authority under the civil law system used by Charnean judiciary and legal system. While it does not directly administer any primary function of the state, the Agraw Imgharan can be considered the controlling entity of every component of the national government, exerting control over both heads of the executive branch and influencing the judicial system through the passage of laws that can shape and redefine functions of the legal system. The Agraw is also the main democratic institution in the Third Charnean Empire, and the vehicle through which democratic will and the popular mandate to rule is generated for the executive branch of the government. In the medieval Imperial system, the Agraw Imgharan was an assembly of powerful tribes and supporters of the Tamenokalt, and would convene to assist the monarch in administration and preside over matters of succesion and dynastic problems that may arise. This role is now taken up by the upper house of the Agraw, the Inushamen, while the newfound democratic powers of the assembly and the many elected deputies voted to fill its ranks sit in the new lower house, the large and influential Imaslan.


In what is now modern day Charnea, two separate regions played host to early hubs of the agricultural revolution in the late Neolithic and early Bronze Age. The end of the Stone Age in this region was characterized by changing climate resulting in a drier and hotter environment. This development had over the course of the last ten thousand years turned what had previously been forests and grasslands into the increasingly inhospitable arid climate of what would become the [[Ninva|Ninva desert]]. The changing climate caused a multitude of human groups living in the area to relocate from central Scipia south towards the Obul river basin and east towards the Kira and Kahdan rivers. The migration clashed with the cultures already inhabiting the region, and from the upheaval came the introduction of agriculture and the first evidence of recognizable politically unified polities. In the east, the precursors of the modern day {{wp|Copts|Deshritic people}} developed a significant presence beyond the Adjer mountains, beginning a rich cultural tradition. There is also significant evidence of major conflict and competition occurring between the Deshritic civilization primarily based in the Kahdan river basin, and several now extinct civilizations with cities located along the river Kira. The Obul basin paralleled the development of civilization found in east Scipia. Rival civilizations sprang up along the river banks, with the ancestors of the modern day {{wp|Zarma people|Zarma}} forming kingdoms in the headwaters of the upper Obul region, while the ancestors of the {{wp|Yoruba people|Yoruba}} dominated the more fertile lower Obul banks. Areas further from the river, and within the swampy and inhospitable Obul delta were come to groups such as the ancient {{wp|Hausa people|Hausa}}, {{wp|Fula people|Fula}} and {{wp|Akan people}}. These groups remained primarily hunter gatherers for much of the Bronze Age, while groups such as the ancient {{wp|Zaghawa people|Beri}} and most notably the {{wp|Berber people|Proto-Amazigh}} had a nomadic lifestyle and were early adopters of {{wp|pastoralism}}. These people were among the first to domesticate the {{wp|goat}}, and the first in the world to domesticate the {{wp|camel|dromedary camel}}.  
The Inushamen of the Agraw Imgharan are voted into office by a relatively limited electorate, and a small number are appointed. They are often informally reffered to as the "Internal Council", as the only voters permitted to vote in their elections are members of the civil service and the military, and membership in these organs of the government is prerequisite to stand for candidacy. Therefore, the Inushamen effectively represent specific groups of government workers and entire departments and agencies of the state, as well as formally representing military institutions within the legislature. Additionally, the sitting Tamenokalt has the authority to appoint certain members of the Internal Council, bolstering their influence in the Agraw. The Internal Council doesn't have the power to block or veto bills passing through the legislative process in the lower house, nor does the lower house need the approval of the Internal Council to pass these bills into laws. However, the Internal Council may propose legislation to the lower house, and plays a role in appointing some of the judges in the national judiciary, overall excercising greater authority over the juducial branch than the Imaslan.  


===Early Empires===
The Imaslan are far larger than the Inushamen and meet more regularly, being the main body to actually undertake legislaion in the Third Charnean Empire. Its members, called deputies, are elected by national elections held every five years. National elections in Charnea are conducted through a {{wp|First-past-the-post voting|choose-one method}}, althoiugh local level elections may use other voting systems such as the increasingly popular {{wp|Instant-runoff voting|ranked choice method}}, which was proposed to replace the choose-one system in 2017 but was defeated in referendum. More referendums on the matter are expected, as the ranked choice system continues to gain popularity among the electorate. One of the most important features of the electoral system specifically connected to the Imaslan is the [[National Elections Commission]], the organ that administers voting districts and is responsible for overseeing elections. Because of the way this office is controlled, any party that gains a non-coalitional majority is able to control and modify the voting districts and election policies legally and openly. The ramifications of this system has created a {{wp|dominant party system}} in which it is unusually easy for the currently dominant party in the Imaslan chamber to retain their majority and thereby control all powers of the assembly without the input of the rest of the assembly and any of the other parties. The eception to this is the power to declare war, which would require a {{wp|supermajority}} of deputies and the approval of the Inushamen.  
During the middle to late Bronze Age, the Obulite civilizations were dominated by an ancient Yoruba polity which would become known as the Water Empire ({{wp|Yoruba language|Yoruba}}: ‘’Ijoba Omi’’). This appellation came through the state’s tight control over irrigation, which gave it unprecedented central control over the river valley societies which had become dependent on irrigated agriculture. Later historians would name this polity the Western State ({{wp|Yoruba language|Yoruba}}: ‘’Iwọoorun ijoba’’), commonly translated as the Sunset Empire. Records were kept in a were kept by the kings of cities, important merchants or other officials using a {{wp|Logogram|logographic}} writing system based on pictograms related to modern day {{wp|Nsibidi|Nchibiddi}} and {{wp|Adinkra symbols|Adinkra}} symbols. The advanced level of central control allowed agriculture along the Obul river to be expanded and optimized, increasing yields and leading to an expansion of population for the Obulite groups. A major surplus in food not only caused long term population growth but also contributed to the development of cultural and martial advances. The Sunset Empire controlled its territory through a hereditary warriorcaste who produced little and were maintained by the production of the farmers, serving to eliminate internal and external threats. Political stability, cultural production and social order were closely tied to the Sunset Empire’s sophisticated agricultural system drawing high crop yields from the Obul river banks. Consequently, when this system faced collapse due to environmental factors around the 10th century BCE, the Sunset Empire quickly and violently collapsed in an event also precipitated by rebellions of subject people and incursions from the outside possibly linked to the same climate based factors.  


Although Yoruba polities would rebuild in their traditional homelands in the lower Obul, the Sunset Empire would not rise again and the Obulite civilization would remained disunited for thousands of years to come, primarily divided between Yoruba and Zarma hegemonies over the Obul river, while control of the Obul delta quickly lapsed back to native chiefdoms of the precursor Fula, Hausa and Akan peoples. The course of the civilizations in the eastern rivers followed a similar trajectory. There the ancient Deshritic civilization thriving along the Kahdan river and lower Kira competed fiercely with the {{wp|Semitic languages|Semitic}} upper Kira civilizations. These conflicts were facilitated by complex agricultural mechanisms sustained by regular and predictable flooding which made the Kira river one of the most fertile places in the world, allowing for a massive food surplus and the creation of a sophisticated apparatus of state complete with a military arm. The first recorded battle in the world with surviving accounts of tactics and the order of battle of the belligerents took place between dynasties of these competing civilizations in what is now the eastern [[Ninva]]. Those records and others like it were inscribed on clay tablets and {{wp|papyrus|reed paper}} using the Deshritic {{wp|Egyptian hieroglyphs|hieroglyphic writing system}}, later developed into the {{wp|Meroitic script|Azutite alphabet}} used by Deshrito-Amazighs inhabiting a series of oasis cities in what is now east Charnea and the Adjer mountains, including what is now the city of Azut. Early Semitic writing was inscribed in many variations of {{wp|cuneiform}} mostly on clay or stone tablets. Both of these polities outlived the Sunset Empire of the far away Obul basin, but declined nevertheless over the transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age. The Deshritic civilization in particular is the longest continuous documented civilization in history, persisting two the modern day as an {{wp|Ethnoreligious group|ethno-religious enclave}} inhabiting the Saawa oasis in eastern Charnea, while their ancient rivals diffused after the collapse of their polities, becoming the ancestors of modern say Semitic cultures such as the widespread {{wp|Arab people|Gharbaic peoples}} including modern day [[Fahran|Fahranis]], [[Alanahr|Anahris]] and [[Charnean Gharibs|Hatherians]].
===Law===
===Military===


===Tamazgha===  
==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
|type =  
|footnote =  
|23 | 805006
|651 | 908261
|1009 | 920675
|1515 | 1323082
|1603 | 1736529
|1698 | 2284922
|1750 | 2714374
|1805 | 3044513
|1820 | 3034818
|1840 | 3238890
|1860 | 3676020
|1880 | 4231048
|1900 | 4727781
|1920 | 7102411
|1940 | 10696378
|1960 | 19648367
|1980 | 24004635
|2000 | 38307623
|2020 | 48995572
}}
The population of Ninva desert grew very slowly over the centuries if at all due to the wide dispersal of the largely nomadic population, impossibility of agriculture in most of the region and general hostility of the environment inhibiting growth of the human population in the desert. In the early 19th century, a population decline was recorded between censuses for the first and only time in the history of the region, and the total population increased by only one quarter by the end of the century. Two events in the late 19th century led to a gradual rise in the rate of population growth, these being the reformation of the Awakari Empire into the Third Charnean Empire in 1853 and the discovery of gold in the Agala highlands in 1867. Mining and later oil extraction fueled the economic growth and {{wp|urbanization}} in Charnea, producing numerous {{wp|boomtown|boomtowns}} around the mining sector deep in the desert, connected to the outside world by rail lines and in 1898, the [[Great Scipian Railway]]. It was the 20th century that saw a major explosion in Charnean population, this time preceded by the adoption of highly interventionist state capitalist development model by Charnean regime in the 1920s and the subsequent development of the manufacturing sector in the great cities of the desert. The latter half of the 20th century in particular saw meteoric population growth which the economy and the government struggled to control, resulting in crisis in the late 1970s and early 1980s provoked in part by external factors such as the upheaval brought by the [[Charnean War]]. Although the rate of population growth has cooled off significantly in recent decades, Charnea nevertheless has grown by approximately 44 million people or an increase of over 1000% since 1900. This dramatic demographic explosion has all but revolutionized every aspect of life in Charnea and permanently changed the character of the country.


===Middle Ages===
The question of ethnicity in Charnea can at times be complicated. As the crossroads of the Scipian continent, the region of Ninva desert is extremely diverse both religiously and culturally, remaining divided on ethnoreligious grounds into the modern day. Even whole ethnic groups such as the [[Tenerians]] are themselves amalgamations of many different sub-groups and peoples, united by historical circumstance and later a common language and cultural touchstones based on the realities of desert life. The Kel Tenere are the dominant ethnic group of Charnea, making up 40% of the population at 20 million. The {{wp|Tebu people|Tebu}} are the second largest group, with just under 10 million persons, and are a closely related desert dwelling pastoralist group with historical ties to the Tenerians and commonalities of culture yet distinct due to an unrelated language. {{wp|Zarma people|Zarma}} inhabit the south of the country, having historically formed sedentary states in the Agala highlands and the sahel, along with the ancient [[Deshrians]] who inhabited the eastern Charnea and dispersed into the desert, persisting in oasis towns within Charnea long after the fall of their bronze age civilization. These four ethnic groups, while less than half of the total number of ethnicities present in Charnea, make up over 90% of Charnean population. Part of the reason for this is the two centuries old peace treaty known as the [[Ekkozedes]] between these four ethnicities and their many respective clans and tribes, which was reaffirmed upon the foundation of the Third Charnean Empire, the basis of which was cooperation between the elites of the big four ethnic groups within the state, previously dominated only by Tenerian clans. At the time, what are now the big four ethnicities made up less than 40% of the population of the whole region, but experienced demographic expansion and assimilated many outside groups as a result of these groups exaggerated political representation in the Third Charnean Empire as a result of the Ekkozedes. Only certain minority groups, specifically the [[Tichkans]] and the {{wp|Arab people|Gharibs}} of Charnea, have remained in numbers exceeding 1 million persons, having partially benefitted from the population expansion to a lesser extent than the big four. Many other native groups, as well as immigrant groups, exist in the Third Charnean Empire numbering in the tens or hundreds of thousands.


===The Kankami===
Charnea was for most of its history an extremely undeveloped and low density region inhabited mainly by small tribes made up of a few family groups migrating across the desert from place to place, seldom staying in one place for longer than a few months. The demographic exposition of the so called [[Three Strides]] turned this dynamic on its head, leading to a sweeping urbanization of Charnean population into densely populated boomtowns in the late 19th and early 20th century, urban centers which were transformed into industrial centers of increasingly complex manufacturing as the 20th century went on. The process of urbanization was catalyzed by subsistence pastoralists of the desert generally living very hard lives and pursuing unlucrative careers migrating into the nascent urban centers lured by the promise of great wealth of the gold rush and other mining expansion, and later the promise of a better life and a steady factory job compared to the relative poverty and uncertainty of survival experienced by pre-modern desert pastoralists. The further these cities developed, the more the outlying tribes migrated into them, promoting their growth and demographic explosion further, until even groups beyond Charnea were drawn to the promise of prosperity associated with Charnean cities. Today, the Third Charnean Empire has a population that is over 95% urban. Since the decline of mining towns and increasingly concentrated industrial centers, the population has likewise become increasingly consolidated in a small number of large cities, with the top ten cities accounting for roughly 80% of the entire country's population.  
''Kankami'', from the {{wp|Zarma language|Zarma}} word for “affliction”, was the contemporary term coined in the last days of the Hsewa Empire to describe the process of its sudden and violent collapse and subjugation. In the years since, the term has been widely accepted even by Tamashek language sources and its use broadened to refer to the period of time from the foundation of the [[Kel Kaharna]] to the death of [[Ihemod the Inheritor]] and the subsequent end of the [[Ihemodian Wars]], or roughly the years between 1340 and 1410.
{{Largest cities
| name        = Largest cities in Charnea
| country      = Charnea
| stat_ref    = National Office of Statistics
| list_by_pop  =
| class        = nav
| div_name    = Province
| div_link    =


===Pax Charnica===
|city_1 = Agnannet
The period of relative stability and peace which followed the violence and savagery of the Kankami, known historiographically as the Pax Charnica, began after the death of the Charnean Empire’s founding conqueror Ihemod the Inheritor. In the apparent absence of a son or any nominated heir, the clans of the Kel Kaharna elected a new Amenukal to take Ihemod’s place and lead the Empire and take command of the armies. They elected [[Magdan ag Bukra]], better known as Magdan the Marvelous. The new Amenukal had scarcely enough time to attend his coronation ceremony before a wave of revolts rocked the empire as subjugated peoples, until then cowed mostly by fear of Ihemod’s reprisals, rose up with the news of the tyrant’s death. Magdan recalled the armies from their campaigns to crush the rebellions with equal brutality to that which was shown under Ihemod’s command, demonstrating that opposition to the Charnean Empire would be no more tolerated than been previously. However, Magdan also distinguished himself from his predecessor by remaining largely in the capital Agnannet and the surrounding areas for many years, making no effort to renew the ongoing campaigns of conquest which he had inherited from Ihemod. Indeed, Amenukal Magdan not only made no effort to continue expansion, but indeed withdrew forces from some areas which he deemed not worth the effort to controlling. The remaining area of his dominions included a large area of the Ninva desert including the old heartland of Tamazgha around Ekelhoc, the Awakar, the Adjer mountains and Hatherian Ninva, as well as the length of the Obul river, a collection of regions largely congruent with the territory retained by modern day Charnea. The territorial integrity of the Charnean Empire after Magdan, including after the fall of the empire in the 20th century, is credited to the consolidation of Imperial resources into integrating and maintaining a hold over those areas that remained under imperial power in the mid and late 14th century.  
|div_1 = Achra
|pop_1 = 9,825,622
|img_1 = Riyadh_from_kingdom_tower.jpg


Under Amenukal Magdan and the succeeding Meri dynasty of rulers, the system of government over the empire was wholly reformed. Once rebellion had been eradicated, Magdan implemented a system of minimum interference or “benevolent neglect” over conquered peoples, whose vassal states under the empire now found themselves given governmental leeway and cultural autonomy. From that point forward, the people of subject nations of the empire were only very mildly affected by the edicts of Agnannet, allowing many subject areas to stabilize and recover economically. This policy had the effect of greatly reducing unrest within the empire and allowing nations to remain subjugated under Agnannet without the constant presence of overwhelming military force. However, it also made it very difficult for the Charnean ruler to collect revenue or raise troops in large quantities from subject nations. Instead, Amenukal Magdan began to rely increasingly on the {{wp|Ikelan}}, a caste created from the many war captives and slaves taken by Ihemod during his conquests and displacement campaigns. Captives were relocated all over the empire, so as to disconnect them from outside help from their kinsmen, and grouped together in linguistically diverse units so as to impede cooperation between them against their masters. Their isolation made it unnecessary to suppress them further. As a result, Ikelan were often not guarded or kept in chains, instead existing in a state of indentured servitude similar to {{wp|serfdom}}.  
|city_2 = Azut
|div_2 = Ghut
|pop_2 = 6,610,645
|img_2 = Riyadh_02919.JPG


Ikelan were settled in large numbers in regions of the upper Obul and parts of Azgwag and Achra, which had been depopulated by the Ihemodian war and were now being settled by the Kel Tenere. The transition of the majority of the Kel Tenere from a nomadic to settled lifestyle was accompanied by the settlement of the Ikelan alongside them, in estimated numbers ranging from hundreds of thousands of several million. Unable to communicate with one another in their own languages, the Ikelan widely adopted the masters’ language of Tamashek as a {{wp|lingua franca}} within their communities. Over time, most Ikelan became partially assimilated into the Tenerian culture, forming a mixed {{wp|creole peoples|creole identity}} from their mixed Anahri, Zarma, Yoruba, Beri and Gharbaic roots referred to as the Ikelan ethnicity. In effect, the Imperial system of Charnea created two parallel societies. One was that of the autonomous subjects and the other was that of the captive Ikelan closely overseen by the Tenerian martial class. In response to the dual nature of the new Charnea, Amenukal Magdan was the first to adopt the Zarma-derived title of ‘’Gaabikoyo’’, evoking the imagery of the Hsewa protectorate system. The function and restrictions of the Charnean throne in Agnannet would have different powers over the different peoples of the Empire, more clearly defined as the Amenukal of the Kel Tenere and their Ikelan slaves and the Gaabikoyo of the subject nations all across Charnea. Magdan would be the first and one of the only rulers in Charnean history to bear the title Amenukal-Gaabikoyo, as the vast majority of his successors including the modern day [[Amina N’Okha|Queen of Charnea]] formally bear the female equivalent, Tamenokalt-Gaabikoyo
|city_3 = Hamath
|div_3 = Hatheria
|pop_3 = 5,943,000
|img_3 = Niamey_night.jpg


===Okha Dynasty===
|city_4 = Ziwa
[[File:Portrait-Fatma_N'Soumer.jpg|225px|thumb|left|[[Ziwa Soumer N'Okha]] led the Azut rebellion and successfully raised the Okha dynasty to the throne of Charnea]]
|div_4 = Toudan
|pop_4 = 5,493,909
|img_4 = Stadtautobahn_Riyadh_Saudi_Arabien.jpg


===Modern Period===


====Transitional Decade====
|city_5 = Tenteran
|div_5 = Khito
|pop_5 = 3,157,220
|img_5 =  


====Great Charnean Crisis====
|city_6 = Tanitnet
|div_6 = Arkesh
|pop_6 = 2,170,003
|img_6 =  


==Geography==
|city_7 = Ekelhoc
|div_7 = Tazra
|pop_7 = 2,001,332
|img_7 =  


==Government==
|city_8 = Awakar City
[[File:Heliopolis_Palace_in_Cairo.JPG|300px|thumb|right|The derelict Agnannet Palace Hotel has been converted into the Royal House of Government for the Second Empire regime.]]
|div_8 = Awakar
The Second Empire of Charnea is a {{wp|constitutional monarchy}}, alternatively classified as a {{wp|technocracy|technocratic}} {{wp|dictatorship|hereditary dictatorship}}, in which the monarch is not {{wp|sovereign}} and is bound by legal restriction and protocol but is not checked by {{wp|parliament|popular assemblies}} as in other constitutional monarchies. Instead, the legislature which counter-balances the executive power of the monarch is made up of civilian and military officials of the government, who are generally appointed to this ''Agraw Imgharan'' either by their immediate superiors or by the departments and government organs they represent. Charnea is categorized as a limited democracy, in which voting rights and representation at the level of the state are exclusively vested in members of the civil service and military forces i.e. officers of the government. The government structure of the Second Empire is distinct from both the military governments that ruled Charnea in recent years, and the nominally republican governments of the [[Central Scipian Republic]] and the [[State of the Central Scipian Accord]]. While it claims succesorship of the first [[Empire of Charnea]], its system of monarchy departs significantly from the traditional {{wp|absolute monarchy|absolute}} style of rule of the old Empire. Additionally, the modern interpretation of the Agraw Imgharan assembly, which is made up of internally selected which serve for limited terms, is almost entirely dissimilar to the assembly of the same name under the old Empire, in which representation was hereditary to be passed down to the head of each clan granted a place. Furthermore, the original Agraw Imgharan was a purely consultative assembly, whereas the modern assembly is a true deliberative assembly and holds legal authorities and powers. The political system of the Second Empire does not accept political plurality, and no political party of any sort is allowed to exist under the law.
|pop_8 = 1,655,375
|img_8 =


The [[Okha Dynasty]], the continuation of the late imperial royal house of the [[Empire of Charnea]], holds the throne of the Second Empire with [[Monarchy of Charnea|Tamenokalt-Gaabikoyo]] [[Amina N'Okha]] reigning as the first and current ruler under the new regime while her mother [[Tanermat Kana N'Okha]] serves as {{wp|Regent|Queen Regent}} and formally exercises the monarch's powers in accordance with constitutional rule until the Queen's coming of age. Because of the structure of the Second Empire's government system, there is no clear divide between the executive pole of the state led by the monarchy and the legislative pole of the state which represents the general will of the civil service and military. The heads of ministries and various departments and agencies of the Charnean state are subordinate to the monarch as the chief executive of Charnea, however these officials as well as the government organs they represent also control or have influence over parts of the Agraw Imgharan. Through this mechanism the monarch holds supreme authority as the political leader and definitive head of the administration, but is definitively part of the apparatus of state and subject to the same rules and restrictions as any other official, albeit with a greater array of powers and responsibilities.
|city_9 = Pertoth
|div_9 = Cherbua
|pop_9 = 1,413,997
|img_9 =


===Inahaden===
|city_10 = Tiernyah
The ministries of the Charnean government, called ''Inahaden'' (singular: ''Anahad''), are led by the Tamenokalt who acts as the chief of state and government, but may also be influenced by the dictates ofthe Agraw Imgharan. Each Anahad is led by an ''Amizar'' (lit. "leader"), who is nominated by the Tamenokalt and either confirmed or rejected by the Agraw. The Agraw may also propose candidates for the position that the Tamenokalt may then accept as Amizar at their discretion. This generally occurs if the Tamenokalt's initial nomination is rejected. No Anahad for War exists, as the matters of defense are not handled by the Tamenokalt's Amizars but rather by the military council of the Agraw Imgharan. The Inahaden of the Charnean Empire are:
|div_10 = Hazlat
*Anahad of Industry (Economy)
|pop_10 = 1,011,000
*Anahad of the Interior
|img_10 =
*Anahad of Education
}}
*Anahad of Agriculture
===Religion===
*Anahad of Labor
{{bar box
*Anahad of Justice
|title = Religion in Charnea
*Anahad of Culture
|titlebar=#ddd |left1=Religion|right1=Percent |float=right
*Anahad of Ministration (Welfare)
|bars =
 
{{bar percent|[[Tamddaism]]|Red|71}}
 
{{bar percent|{{wp|Ancient_Egyptian_religion|Neterism}}|DarkBlue|8}}
 
{{bar percent|[[Amanist Judaism]]|Green|2}}
===State Ideology===
{{bar percent|[[White Path|Timal Ibaran]]|DarkGrey|12}}
The regime of the Second Empire is broadly based on the ideology of [[Charneanism]], but is also affected by the philosophy of {{wp|Legalism (Chinese philosophy)|Total Law}} and the writings of Charnean military leader and political figure [[Martuf ag Lamine]]. The internal functions of the state and the structure of the political system of the Second Empire are primarily affected by the latter philosophies that seek to reduce the involvement of what are considered "human factors" in governance, such as corruption, nepotism and a reliance on personal charisma and connections to affect political actions, and instead implement a regime headed by an executive vested with enough authority to lead and to override the influence of notable politicians and well connected figures. This executive oversees - and is held in check by - a highly centralized, {{wp|meritocracy|merit based}} {{wp|bureaucracy}} which collectively administers all civil, military and in some cases religious affairs of the country. In practice, the application of this philosophy has led to an overall authoritarian style of government with deeply technocratic tendencies, in which a class of professionals and experts hold decision making positions while functionaries and administrators within the bureaucracy carry out the orders of this class of technocratic leaders. These technocratic tendencies are brought about not only by a belief that leadership by experts would result in better crafted government policies, but moreover by the conviction that such professionals will be less likely to hold connections to other political leaders and officers of the regime (i.e. forms of personal corruption such as {{wp|nepotism}} will be impeded if high academic and professional barriers to entry are imposed over any given government office). The function of the monarch in this system is to uniformly enforce internal order among the governing class and guarantee compliance to the principles of the state. The internal ideology of the Second Empire is defined by the recent history of Charnea in its CSR and SCSA incarnations, and is particularly abhorrent towards {{wp|cronyism}}, nepotism, and what is considered financial corruption (e.g. {{wp|embezzlement}} and {{wp|bribery}}) which was the norm in Charnean politics before the advent of the new regime.
{{bar percent|Other|Grey|2}}
 
}}
The ideology which most governs the outward policy of the new Charnean state towards its citizens is that of Charneanism, a pan-Charnean imperial philosophy originally conceived as the first Empire of Charnea's answer to nationalism. The approach of the old Empire to nationalism ultimately failed as nationalistic tensions resulted in the disintegration of the imperial government, and as such the renewed form of the Charneanist ideology is significantly modified and often referred to as "Neo-Charneanism". Charneanism is alternatively described as anti-{{wp|Nationalism|nationalist}} and pan-nationalist, as it outright rejects the {{wp|ethnic nationalism}} of the ten distinct ethnic groups which make up the Charnean population, while aspousing a pan-Charnean idea of a unified Charnean identity through a sort of {{wp|civic nationalism}}. Such a Charnean national identity would be founded on social cohesion, shared institutions of the centralized Charnean state and mixed social elements such as the universally spoken {{wp|Tamashek}} language and other aspects of predominantly [[Tenerians|Tenerian]] culture present to some degree across a majority of Charnean communities. The ideology generally opposes the distinction of defined national groups aligning with the ten recognizes ethnic cohorts present in Charnean demographics, and likewise opposes the development of distinct identities and associations along ethnic lines which could lead to the further fracturing of the Charnean people and disintegration of the country. Charneanism generally lays the blame over the country's ills and history of violence and instability on this disintegration, and singles out nationalist ideologies as the culprit responsible for this phenomenon. Neo-Charneanism specifically as the more modern strain not only rejects the nationalism of minority ethnicities in Charnea but also the nationalism of dominant groups like the Kel Tenere and related Ikelan groups, which the ideology views as accelerating Charnean disintegration by espousing exclusionary views and seeking a Tamashek-speaking Tenerian state separate from the other nations of Charnea. The ideology is not distinctly {{wp|secular}}, as it opposes the involvement of religious leaders and institutions in functions of the state yet also affirms the role of religious identity, specifically [[Tamdda-ddin]], as a unifying force in Charnean society across ethnic groups.
Sitting at the confluence of the Scipian interior, Charnea is and has always been a religiously diverse place. The oldest faith of Charnea is {{wp|Ancient_Egyptian_religion|Neterism}}, the modern from of the ancient [[Deshrians|Deshrian]] pantheon. Temples of the Neterist religion are among the oldest surviving manmade structuctures in Charnea, and indeed the entire world. The earliest recognizable form of this faith can be dated to aproximately 3,200 BCE, and has been observed continuously since that time in various forms and variations evolving through the centuries, featuring altered or expanded versions of the same original pantheon and sets of customs. An estimated 4 million Neterists continue to uphold this tradition, the overwhelming majority of these being ethnic Deshrians. {{wp|Judaism}} first appeared in the lands of Charnea some time during the reign of [[Kaharna|Queen Kaharna]] in the 5th century BCE, in the form of exiles fleeing the land today known as [[Yisrael]]. According to surviving jewish texts from this era, the exiles were welcomed by the {{wp|Amazigh}} Queen and granted refuge in the desert cities of old [[Tamazgha]]. These Charnean jews would, over the ensuing millenia, develop into the [[Amanist Judaism|Amanist sect of Judaism]] which is today observed by over 1 million Charneans, many of them ethnic [[Tichkans]] or [[Tenerians]] and many of them concentrated in the city of Tiernyah in eastern Charnea. A comparatively much more recent religious introduction but one no less relevant than its ancient counterparts was the first appearance of the [[White Path]], a [[Mutul|Mutulese]] religion propagated in Charnea by a semi-mythical figure known as the [[Desert Oracle]] in the 17th century. The White Path, or ''Timal Ibaran'' as it is known in Tamashek, experienced a rapid increase in popularity, secretly encouraged by the rulers of the [[Awakari Empire]] and the shadowy Tenerian cult known as the [[Three Hundred Arms of Kaharna|300 Arms]], today becoming the second largest religion in Charnea and fostering close cultural ties to otherwise distant Mutul. The final, largest and newest Charnean religion is [[Tamddaism]], the "Vulture Cult", seeing its origin in the early 18th century as a syncretic religious movement of White Pilgrim Tenerians. Tamddaism combines cosmological, philosophical and theological aspects primarily of the White path and Neterism, but also influences of Amanist Judaism and [[Azdarin]] and even ancient Tenerian folk religion. It grew extremely quickly amongst the Tenerian and later Tebu and Zarma populations in Charnea, rapidly becoming the majority religion by the end of the 18th and begining of the 19th centuries and retaining this title to the present day, having even converted portions of the Tichkan and Deshrian populace from their traditional ethnic religions.  
 
===Administrative Divisions===
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" | '''Name''' !! scope="col" | '''Capital''' !! scope="col" | '''Flag''' !! scope="col" | '''Population'''
|-
| Delta </br> ⴷⴻⵍⵜⴰ
| Koros </br> ⴾⵧⵔⵧⵙ
| [[File:Kingdom_of_Abemama_Flag.svg|90px]]
| 9,856,317
|-
| Lower Obul / ''Obul Daw''</br> ⵧⴱⵓⵍ ⴷⴰⵡ
| Kasbeka</br> ⴾⴰⵙⴱⴻⴾⴰ
| [[File:Bilaspur_flag.svg|90px]]
| 3,355,743
|-
| Upper Obul / ''Obul Nig''</br> ⵧⴱⵓⵍ ⵏⵉⴳ
| Agnannet</br> ⴰⴳⵏⴰⵏⵏⴻⵜ
| [[File:Faridkot_flag.svg|90px]]
| 7,594,230
|-
| Achra</br> ⴰⵆⵔⴰ
| Zene</br> ⵣⴻⵏⴻ
| [[File:Flag_of_the_Kingdom_of_Karangasem.svg|90px]]
| 4,254,789
|-
| Azgwag</br> ⴰⵣⴳⵡⴰⴳ
| Izudu</br> ⵉⵣⵓⴷⵓ
| [[File:Inman_Line_house_flag.svg|90px]]
| 1,354,178
|-
| Adjer</br> ⴰⴵⴻⵕ
| Azut</br> ⴰⵣⵓⵜ
| [[File:Dominion_Line_Flag.svg|90px]]
| 1,352,487
|-
| Saadia</br> ⵙⴰⴰⴷⵉⴰ
| Zarqa</br> ⵣⴰⵔⵈⴰ
| [[File:House_flag_of_the_Aberdeen_Line.svg|90px]]
| 985,647
|-
| Hatheria</br> ⵁⴰⵟⴻⵔⵢⴰ
| Hamath</br> ⵁⴰⵎⴰⵟ
| [[File:Argo Reederei house flag.svg|90px]]
| 1,458,965
|-
| Saawa</br> ⵙⴰⴰⵡⴰ
| Sah</br> ⵙⴰⵃ
| [[File:Flag_of_New_Granada_%281811-1814%29.svg|90px]]
| 1,102,548
|-
| Tenere Awakar</br> ⵜⴻⵏⴻⵔⴻ ⴰⵡⴰⴾⴰⵔ
| Dnika</br> ⴷⵏⵉⴾⴰ
| [[File:In_rajput.png|90px]]
| 945,271
|-
| Tenere Asawam</br> ⵜⴻⵏⴻⵔⴻ ⴰⵙⴰⵡⴰⵎ
| Atram</br> ⴰⵜⵔⴰⵎ
| [[File:Flagge_Königreich_Württemberg.svg|90px]]
| 750,397
|-
|}
 
==Economy==
The Charnean economy is one of the least developed on the Scipian continent, and the country is among the poorest in the world measured by national GDP per capita. The main contributing factor to this underdevelopment has been the frequent disruption of economic activities by war, civil conflict and government incompetence that has hampered efforts to develop a more complex and robust economy. This has left Charnea almost totally reliant on resource extraction for revenue and export, a state of affairs which the Second Empire government seeks to remedy by fostering new industries and establishing the requisite political stability needed for expansion of the economy through state driven development and private investments. While not a {{wp|planned economy}}, the economic policy of the Second Empire reflects a doctrine of {{wp|dirigisme}} especially in sectors which affect water resources. Within the uncertainty underpinning the Second Empire's promise to end instability and insecurity in Charnea, a degree of uncertainty also surrounds the regime's plans to rebuild and expand the Charnean economy and follow through on various development and investment schemes involving the fellow member states of the [[Four Rising Nations Summit]] and other foreign entities.
 
===Petroleum and Mining===
[[File:Jordan_Oil_Refinery.jpg|250px|thumb|right|COPEC refinery in Achra]]
The extraction of mineral wealth is the cornerstone of the Charnean economy and has historically been the main vehicle for the development and modernization of the county's economy and infrastructure. Mining is today the largest sector of the economy, focusing on Charnea's abundant deposits of {{wp|nickel}}, {{wp|copper}}, {{wp|tin}}, {{wp|gold}} and {{wp|iron}}. Deposits of rare minerals such as {{wp|platinum}} and {{wp|iridium}} are also found in Charnea. Some geological formations in remote areas of the [[Ninva]] have been found to contain the {{wp|zinc}} bearing minerals {{wp|Sphalerite}} and {{wp|Franklinite}}, suggesting unexplored deposits of that mineral. Overall, it is speculated that a large portion of Charnea's total natural wealth remains undiscovered in remote regions of the desert. This remains true in referring to the nation's petroleum reserves. Charnea has one of the largest known reserves in the world, and much of the oil bearing regions remain unexplored. Petroleum extraction was previously the largest sector of the economy but failed to keep up expansion and exploitation, suffering from stagnation due to instability and seeing many foreign companies pull out of the Charnean oil fields due to issues of local violence and theft, as well as instability and corruption of the government. The nationalization of the petroleum industry in 2005 under [[COPEC]] further slowed the growth of the industry, as overall extraction and exports dropped. Despite the decrease of overall profits from oil as a result of nationalization, direct revenue to the government from oil increased dramatically as COPEC revenue far outstripped what the state was able to charge in taxes on private oil profits. COPEC has remained the cash cow of several successive Charnean regimes and is now in a state of expansion with access of new funds and investments through the Second Empire regime.
 
===Agriculture===
The Charnean agriculture sector is a relatively minor component of the overall economy, dwarfed by the mining and energy industries both in terms of raw contribution to national GDP as well as the proportion of Charneans employed in each sector of the economy. Most agriculture in Charnea caters to the domestic demand for food, and has historically been able to establish self sufficiency in food albeit with notable famines and periods of reliance on food imports in thge 1980s and 90s. Food self sufficiency, which waned in the early 2000s and 2010s, has been reestablished in recent years thanks to the focus on the food supply by the [[Transitional Government of the Obul and Ninva|TGON]] and the Second Empire regime as food supply has largley caught up to population growth. Major crops include {{wp|millet}}, {{wp|wheat}}, {{wp|beans}}, {{wp|yuca}}, {{wp|yams}} and {{wp|maize}}. In some regions, {{wp|cocoa}} is also cultivated. {{wp|Sorghum}} is produced for animal feed and biofuels, certain species of Acacia produce {{wp|gum arabic}} and {{wp|rubber tree|Rubber trees}} are grown for their latex which is used to produce {{wp|natural rubber}}. {{wp|Rice}}, formerly the single most popular staple food in Charnea, has suffered a precipitous drop in cultivation and consumption thanks in large part to a campaign by the Second Empire regime to intentionally reduce and stamp out its usage through a series of tax schemes and import tariffs which artificially inflated the price to produce or purchase rice, while simultaneously subsidizing millet and wheat as alternatives. Rice was targeted specifically with these measures because of its high water usage and the elevated level of water waste in flood irrigation used in rice cultivation, which falls well beyond what the regime's new Ministry of Water considers acceptable levels. The NERA's more ambitious plans to bring about state mandated implementation of {{wp|drip irrigation}} and far more stringent water controls for agriculture remains on hold due to the estimated costs of these projects.
 
===Recycling===
Charnea is well known for its recycling industry, which is locally referred to as the reclamation industry. This sector of the Charnean economy, widely practiced in southern regions of the country, is based on the importation of foreign industrial and consumer waste products typically by rail or by sea to be processed by comparatively cheap Charnean labor. Reclamation firms in Charnea draw their profits from selling salvaged materials back onto the market as cheaper alternatives to what are called first generation materials, such as plastic pellets made from recycled plastic waste as opposed to being produced directly from petroleum products. [[Wikipedia:Ship breaking|Ship breaking]] is also a hallmark activity of the Charnean reclamation industry, making the Charnean coast and particularly the port of Koros international hotspots for the disposal of commercial ships, where the vessels are cheaply demolished and taken apart for the purposes of extracting raw materials and metal scrap. Recycling and other forms of industrial treatment of imported waste products is a significant contributor to pollution and contamination of the environment with waste products, particularly in the southernmost regions of the country.
 
==Culture==
===Cuisine===
[[File:Cooking_Taguella_in_Kel_Ahaggar.jpg|300px|thumb|right|A Charnean man cooking Taguella in hot ashes]]
 
Reflecting the multicultural nature of the confederation, Charnean cuisine is a mixture of many different influences both internal and external. While in general many different local cuisines are found across Charnea, {{wp|Tuareg people|Tamashek}} cuisine is endemic to most regions of the confederation. Additionally, foreign influences primarily originating with other {{wp|Amazigh}} peoples scuh as [[Messidor Union|Aghmatia]] can be felt as well, having been introduced through the connecting trans-scipian trade routes which have historically served as the mediums of cultural exchange for central Scipia and Charnea. {{wp|Taguella}} bread, an unleavened flatbread normally cooked over charcoal, is a ubiquitous staple food across most of Charnea, while {{wp|Eba}} is more popular in the south as a local staple. {{wp|Tajine}}, {{wp|Couscous}} and {{wp|Pastilla|Besṭila}} are examples of foreign Amazigh dishes introduced to Charnea through cultural exchange that have since become popular with many local peoples, while {{wp|Jollof rice}} can be taken as an example of a popular dish having an origin within the local cultures of southern and central Charnea.
 
Many of the dishes common to differing regions of Charnea are highly specific to the local environment and agricultural or pastoral traditions, and are general the products of the most available sources of nutrition and the best fitted crops that can be cultivated in any particular region, such as goat and sheep products along with wheat flatbreads in the Ninva desert region contrasted with rice and cassava based foods in the far less arid southerly regions. The steady introduction of modern agricultural techniques and industrialized food production and especially the advent of refrigeration have resulted in a rising degree of homogeneity, as foods from one region of Charnea can much more easily be transported and consumed in other regions where the climate would never allow those products to be prepared locally, leading to a general spread in popular south Charnea rice dishes, although a few northern foods such as taguella and ''cink'' or ''liwa'' millet porridge  still retain their wide reaching popularity as cultural staples.
[[File:TeaSeremonyWS.jpg|150px|thumb|left|''Ashahi'' tea ceremony]]
Tea is highly popular across all differing Charnean cultures. {{wp|Maghrebi mint tea|''Ashahi'' tea}}, green tea steeped with sugar and mint, is not only popular but culturally significant as the focal point of many social gatherings. Preparation is often semi-ritual and ceremonial in nature, being prepared for household guests as a key element of traditional Charnean hospitality, as well as part of daily social meetings within and without the family group. Generally, each person takin part will consume more than one (typically 2-4) glasses of tea in any particular occasion or tea ceremony. Ashahi tea is not limited to any particular activity, meal or time of day, and is generally consumed at all times of day, often multiple times a day, with food or on its own. The common variety of Ashahi tea consumed today is a type of {{wp|Gunpowder tea|gunpowder green tea}} introduced to Charnea in the 18th century, although the tradition of the tea ceremony is though to predate this introduction and may have originated with unknown varieties of tea that came into Charnea in medieval times, at some point prior to the 11th century.  
 
Coffee, beer and other alcoholic beverages which are generally common across most of the world are comparatively far less popular in Charnea. In some instances, varieties of coffee which are typically imported are consumed in a similar manner to Ashahi tea especially in recent years, however the popularity of this practice is not wide reaching. Imported alcoholic beverages, such as {{wp|Balché|Balche}} and {{wp|Tequila}} introduced to Charnea through contact with the [[Mutul]], have a niche market, with some contributions from locally produced distillations which generally consist of {{wp|Moonshine}}. Other Mutulese imports such as chocolate have a similar middling level of popularity, and are mainly imbibed as part of [[White Path]] ritualistic consumption.
 
===Clothing and Fashion===
A wide variety of textile and clothing styles can be found in Charnea, having origins both in many diverse native cultures within the Confederation as well as foreign origins which may have been introduced through cross-cultural contact over ancient trade routes historically or be relatively recent additions to Charnean fashion brought about in the industrial age through modern means of international trade. Although common foreign styles, often those mass produced and in ubiquitous use globally, are indeed found all over Charnea, it is also common to find local styles being worn both in ceremonial capacities and in day to day life. The most iconic piece of native fashion is the {{wp|tagelmust}}, a head wrap originating with the {{wp|Tuareg people|Tamashek}} people of the [[Ninva|Ninva desert]] which is typically dyed with indigo but may also be dyed in other colors, especially as it has been introduced as a common piece of headwear outside of the nomadic cultures of northern Charnea. A tagelmust is specifically intended to be worn by men, as the Tamashek traditionally veil themselves at all times except in the presence of close friends or within a family. Women do not traditionally cover their faces except at specific times during ceremonies and events using the ''tusuwart'', a woman's head covering. Men generally wear cloth pants known as ''akarbey'' while women will traditionally wear dresses as well as {{wp|Wrapper (clothing)|''afer''}} coverings. The Tamashek, as well as many other ethnic groups within Charnea, commonly wear various types of {{wp|Djellaba|Djellaba robe}} or {{wp|kaftan}}, such as the {{wp|Senegalese kaftan|''mbaub''}} found in the south. Charneans who do not wear the tagelmust will sometimes use {{wp|Kufi}} style hats instead. In Charnean culture, the tagelmust is considered a symbol of adulthood and wearing one for the first time marks a rite of passage into manhood. Many similar practices exist across Charnea, where traditional headgear and hats are intended to be worn only by adult men or women. Footwear may vary greatly depending on the climate, however leather sandals (''iragazan'') and shoes (''ibuzagan'') are relatively common and widespread across Charnea's arid regions.


[[Category:Charnea]]
[[Category:Charnea]]

Revision as of 13:05, 3 May 2022

Third Charnean Empire
ⴽⴰⵔⴰⴷⴰⵜ ⴰⴷⴷⵓⵍⵢⴰ ⵞⴰⵔⵍⴻⴰ
Karadat Addunya n Charnea (Tamashek)
Flag
Capital
and largest city
Agnannet
Official languagesTamashek
Recognised national languagesRandeshret
Zarma
Tedaga
Recognised regional languagesTamahaq
Tawellemmet
Dazaga
Darja
Tichkalloɣat
Ethnic groups
(2020)
Demonym(s)Charnean
GovernmentUnitary dominant party constitutional monarchy
Amina Harakkat ult Tanermat N'Okha
• Premier
Marus Ibiza ag Haqar
LegislatureAgraw Imgharan
Foundations
17 March, 1360
4 September, 1607
• Third Empire
13 August, 1853
Population
• 2022 estimate
50,023,983
• 2020 census
48,995,572
GDP (PPP)estimate
• Total
$1,109.5 billion
• Per capita
$22,179.45
Gini29.4
low
HDI0.801
very high
CurrencyCharnean Azref (₳)
Date formatmm.dd.yyyy
Driving sideright

Charnea (Tamashek: ⴽⴰⵔⴰⴷⴰⵜ ⴰⴷⴷⵓⵍⵢⴰ ⵞⴰⵔⵍⴻⴰ, Karadat Addunya n Charnea, "Third Empire of Charnea") is a landlocked country in central Scipia bordered by Talahara to the northwest, Tyreseia to the north, Alanahr, Vardana and Fahran to the northeast, Kembesa and M'biruna to the east, and Itayana to the south. Geographically, country consists of the arid expanse of the eponymous Ninva Desert, the Agala highlands in the far south of the country, and a transitional semi-arid sahel belt stretching between the two. Charnea extends halfway across the continent of Scipia from east to west, commanding many of the overland routes of travel between the densely populated southern Scipia and the wealthy Periclean states to the north. Charnean government is a coalition of the region's four major ethnic groups, the Tenerians, the Tebu, the Zarma and the Deshrians, joined into a unitary state under the conditional rule of the Okha Clan, one of many dynasties that has governed the Charnean Empire and its numerous successor states. The Agraw Imgharan, Charnean legislature, allows political participation under a dominant party system by a variety of political parties representing various majority and minority ethnic and religious groups in the country. However, the Assembly of Progress and Development (Tamashek: ⴰⵍⵥⴰⵎⴰⵖⴰⵜ ⴼⴰⵍ ⴽⴰⵔⵔⴰⵙ ⵏ ⴻⴼⴻⵙ, Alzamaɣat fal Karras n Efes or AKE) has dominated the national elections and the Agraw Imgharan since 1982, limiting the role of the multi-party system in the de facto governance of the country.

Charnean economic model is best defined as developmental state capitalism, with strong and frequent intervention by the government in the economy both in a regulatory capacity and as a directive force. Charnea possesses a diversified middle income economy based on resource extraction, refining, manufacturing and a developing service sector. The nation experienced a period of rapid economic growth coinciding with a demographic explosion in the mid to late 20th century known as the 2nd Stride, but growth rates declined thereafter due to economic and political factors and Charnea has since stabilized with only a low-moderate rate of population growth and cooling economy. The Okha government, installed in 2013, has perused a policy of renewed investment in the economy and has been seeking to develop the service sector of Charnean economy to limited success as part of the so-called 3rd Stride. Because the country is landlocked, Charnean economy relies instead on internal and external land routes developed with an extensive rail network traversing most of eastern and central Scipia across many national borders. Charnea relies on these rail links to access shipping lanes via ports in neighboring countries in order to interact with the broader global economy in any significant way.

Sitting at the geographic confluence of northern, eastern and southern Scipia, Charnea has always been a crossroads for trade and a hinterland region at the edge of many empires throughout history. Many of the important regional cities within Charnea such as Agnannet, Azut, and Hamath, are all ancient urban centers that prospered as hubs for merchant caravans and trading posts frequented by the indigenous nomadic peoples of the desert, the ancestors of today's Tenerians and Tebus. Long overlooked by the Latin Empire and later the Almurid Caliphate, in the 14th century Ninva desert became the seat of one of the greatest empires in Scipian history, the Charnean Empire. Under Ihemod the Inheritor and his heirs, the Tenerian Charneans ruled over roughly half of the Scipian continent for over a century from their capital at Agnannet. Although this zenith of Charnean power on the world stage was relatively short lived compared to its predecessors, it revolutionized the backwater region of the continent. Charnean rump state, the Awakari Empire, continued to rule the arid center of the continent for centuries after its predecessor's fall and eventually transitioned into the early Third Charnean Empire, sometimes called the Third Tenerian State, in the mid 19th century amid a wave of modernization and reform, the 1st Stride. In many ways, Charnea has remained the outer frontier of the many polities surrounding it, while in others the modern state has rivaled its Ihemodian antecedents in its local prominence on the Scipian continent.

Government

The basis of the Third Charnean Empire is the collaboration and power sharing agreement laid out between its four major ethnic groups, the Deshrians, Tenerians, Tebus and Zarma, written into in the Ekkozedes treaty, also called the Quadripartite treaty. The Ekkozedes was the first foundational document of the new state as the power of the old Tenerian absolute monarchy, the Awakari Empire, began to collapse in the mid 19th century. The new government system maintained those aspects of the Imperial system that were thought to provide political stability, while expanding multi-ethnic participation and majority rule, reinforced by the establishment of a limited democracy within the formerly autocratic country. The founding spirit of this agreement, the commitment to peaceful coexistence and collaboration predicated on common prosperity and mutual beneficence, remains the cornerstone of the modern Charnean State. The notoriously pragmatic desert culture of Charnea's native people has created a pervasive governing philosophy prioritizing economic expansion and stability, as well as the guaranteed provision of basic material needs to its citizens, above religious, cultural, ethnic and ideological considerations. This so called Radd-xaddam philosophy is clearly visible in the highly interventionist, state capitalist economic model that manifests tight regulation of the economy and widespread, long term industrial planning by the central authorities. This system is facilitated by some of the un-democratic features of the Third Charnean Empire, such as its executive monarch and well entrenched dominant party system that allow for some high officials to effectively operate outside the confining forces of electoral concerns and popularity, allowing them to create long term plans far exceeding the term length of any one publicly elected office. This demi-authoritarian, developmental capitalist model built to maximize revenue and growth was brought into existence by the pressures experienced by the early Charnea, which was surrounded on all sides by more populous, more powerful neighbors and itself lacked many sources of easy income with only meager oil and mineral deposits many of which were difficult to access or largely unexplored in the vastness of the landscape. Today, the success of Charnean development has created a whole new set of pressures, such as the acute water shortage and other infrastructural problems created by the nation's meteoric population expansion as well as geopolitical vulnerability brought on by the nation's dependence on foreign imports to meet its needs, including food. The constant political and social vulnerability of Charnean state has kept its government system relatively authoritarian in its internal politics through the decades.

Diarchy

Executive power at the national level is divided through a system of corule that vests authority equally between the monarchic Tamenokalt and the democratically elected Premier. The system of "two-headedness" was conceived to prevent decapitation of the executive branch through political crisis, failure of leadership, the effects or corruption assassination and unforeseen death. Redundancy at the highest level of the national leadership was also intended to foster competition between the Imperial and democratic aspects of Charnean government model in the hopes that this would help mitigate the vulnerabilities of both, the nepotism and lack of accountability of the monarchy, and the corruptibility of democracy. The corule system also serves as a symbol, representing the marriage of the Imperial past and the modernist future that defines Charnean state and socioeconomic dynamics. However, the system also presents the possibility of "two-mindedness", the possible deadlocked opposition of the two heads of the government and their respective institutions. To prevent the possibility of institutional clashes within the government, both heads lead the same cabinet whose members must be approved by both leaders and may be recalled by only one, a measure intended to prevent factional division within the executive branch. This in turn raises the possibility of an executive system paralyzed by gridlock when its two heads are in conflict, a state of affairs that has struck the Third Charnean Empire on several occasions through its history. In the event this executive paralysis becomes to severe, the legislative assemblies of the Agraw Imgharan are vested with the power to intervene as the source of legitimacy to both rulers and more importantly, the organ vested with the power to appoint or recall both leaders by vote of the assembly.

The older of the two posts is the Tamenokalt, (Male: Amenokal), the Queen of Charnea, an office that is the direct continuation of the line Awakari Empresses and Charnean Empresses and Emperors. The title was effectively created by the great conqueror Ihemod the Inheritor in 1360 when he created Charnean Empire from the Kel Kaharna tribal confederation that preceded it, however tradition laid down by Ihemod himself names Queen Kaharna of Tamazgha who reigned in the 5th century BCE as the founder of the title and of the empire, due to her deified role in Tenerian folk religion as the matron of all Amazigh peoples, Tenerians included. For this reason, all monarchs of Charnea are styled "Heir of Ihemod, Child of Kaharna". Charnean monarchy, like those before it, operates under an elective system controlled by the Inushamen, the upper house of the modern Agraw Imgharan made up of Anushams, symbolic Clan Elders representing sub-groups of each of the four big ethnic groups and, as of 1985, each of the recognized minority groups in the country. These offices usually weild little power over a sitting Tamenokalt, as they generally only convene to elect a new Tamenokalt from the candidates that present themselves upon the death of the current monarch. However, they also have the power to hold a no confidence vote to force the current monarchs' abdication and hold a new election. Once elected, a Tamenokalt serves for life and holds equal executive powers to the Premier. Because of this, the Tamenokalt often influences more of the long term business of the executive branch as they can always wait out an unfavorable Premier.

Charnean Premier, equivalent to a prime minister, is elected by the lower house of the Agraw Imgharan, the Imaslan. Deputies of the Imaslan are representatives democratically elected in national elections, and must always be affiliated with a political party. While the deputies may vote for any candidate they choose, sometimes swayed by their constituents wishes, deputies in practice almost always vote in line with the party and for the party leader or the party's proffered candidate otherwise. The mandate of any Premier is to represent the will of their political party and more broadly the political institutions of Charnea as a counterweight to the power of the Tamenokalt. Although their term in power is limited, there are no term limits for the office of Premier and so the party that elects them too office may continuously re-elect their chosen candidates to present a continuously challenge to monarchic power in the executive branch, at least so long as they can retain the electoral will within the Agraw. Vested with equal power to the Heir of Ihemod, the Premier is vested with the highest level of authority possible in the Third Charnean Empire and jointly oversees Charnean cabinet and the operations of the executive branch. Their executive power also generally makes the sitting Premier the party leader and head of the Agraw by default.

Agraw Imgharan

The Agraw Imgharan (Tamashek: ⴰⴳⵔⴰⵓ ⵉⵎⵖⴰⵔⴰl, "Council of Elders") of Charnea is the legislative and deliberative body of the national government, and is vested with wide reaching powers over law and government policy in the country. It is a parliamentary body with two chambers and functions as the source of political legitimacy for the Premier. It also serves as a consultative assembly to the sitting Tamenokalt and the source of legal authority under the civil law system used by Charnean judiciary and legal system. While it does not directly administer any primary function of the state, the Agraw Imgharan can be considered the controlling entity of every component of the national government, exerting control over both heads of the executive branch and influencing the judicial system through the passage of laws that can shape and redefine functions of the legal system. The Agraw is also the main democratic institution in the Third Charnean Empire, and the vehicle through which democratic will and the popular mandate to rule is generated for the executive branch of the government. In the medieval Imperial system, the Agraw Imgharan was an assembly of powerful tribes and supporters of the Tamenokalt, and would convene to assist the monarch in administration and preside over matters of succesion and dynastic problems that may arise. This role is now taken up by the upper house of the Agraw, the Inushamen, while the newfound democratic powers of the assembly and the many elected deputies voted to fill its ranks sit in the new lower house, the large and influential Imaslan.

The Inushamen of the Agraw Imgharan are voted into office by a relatively limited electorate, and a small number are appointed. They are often informally reffered to as the "Internal Council", as the only voters permitted to vote in their elections are members of the civil service and the military, and membership in these organs of the government is prerequisite to stand for candidacy. Therefore, the Inushamen effectively represent specific groups of government workers and entire departments and agencies of the state, as well as formally representing military institutions within the legislature. Additionally, the sitting Tamenokalt has the authority to appoint certain members of the Internal Council, bolstering their influence in the Agraw. The Internal Council doesn't have the power to block or veto bills passing through the legislative process in the lower house, nor does the lower house need the approval of the Internal Council to pass these bills into laws. However, the Internal Council may propose legislation to the lower house, and plays a role in appointing some of the judges in the national judiciary, overall excercising greater authority over the juducial branch than the Imaslan.

The Imaslan are far larger than the Inushamen and meet more regularly, being the main body to actually undertake legislaion in the Third Charnean Empire. Its members, called deputies, are elected by national elections held every five years. National elections in Charnea are conducted through a choose-one method, althoiugh local level elections may use other voting systems such as the increasingly popular ranked choice method, which was proposed to replace the choose-one system in 2017 but was defeated in referendum. More referendums on the matter are expected, as the ranked choice system continues to gain popularity among the electorate. One of the most important features of the electoral system specifically connected to the Imaslan is the National Elections Commission, the organ that administers voting districts and is responsible for overseeing elections. Because of the way this office is controlled, any party that gains a non-coalitional majority is able to control and modify the voting districts and election policies legally and openly. The ramifications of this system has created a dominant party system in which it is unusually easy for the currently dominant party in the Imaslan chamber to retain their majority and thereby control all powers of the assembly without the input of the rest of the assembly and any of the other parties. The eception to this is the power to declare war, which would require a supermajority of deputies and the approval of the Inushamen.

Law

Military

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
23 805,006—    
651 908,261+12.8%
1009 920,675+1.4%
1515 1,323,082+43.7%
1603 1,736,529+31.2%
1698 2,284,922+31.6%
1750 2,714,374+18.8%
1805 3,044,513+12.2%
1820 3,034,818−0.3%
1840 3,238,890+6.7%
1860 3,676,020+13.5%
1880 4,231,048+15.1%
1900 4,727,781+11.7%
1920 7,102,411+50.2%
1940 10,696,378+50.6%
1960 19,648,367+83.7%
1980 24,004,635+22.2%
2000 38,307,623+59.6%
2020 48,995,572+27.9%

The population of Ninva desert grew very slowly over the centuries if at all due to the wide dispersal of the largely nomadic population, impossibility of agriculture in most of the region and general hostility of the environment inhibiting growth of the human population in the desert. In the early 19th century, a population decline was recorded between censuses for the first and only time in the history of the region, and the total population increased by only one quarter by the end of the century. Two events in the late 19th century led to a gradual rise in the rate of population growth, these being the reformation of the Awakari Empire into the Third Charnean Empire in 1853 and the discovery of gold in the Agala highlands in 1867. Mining and later oil extraction fueled the economic growth and urbanization in Charnea, producing numerous boomtowns around the mining sector deep in the desert, connected to the outside world by rail lines and in 1898, the Great Scipian Railway. It was the 20th century that saw a major explosion in Charnean population, this time preceded by the adoption of highly interventionist state capitalist development model by Charnean regime in the 1920s and the subsequent development of the manufacturing sector in the great cities of the desert. The latter half of the 20th century in particular saw meteoric population growth which the economy and the government struggled to control, resulting in crisis in the late 1970s and early 1980s provoked in part by external factors such as the upheaval brought by the Charnean War. Although the rate of population growth has cooled off significantly in recent decades, Charnea nevertheless has grown by approximately 44 million people or an increase of over 1000% since 1900. This dramatic demographic explosion has all but revolutionized every aspect of life in Charnea and permanently changed the character of the country.

The question of ethnicity in Charnea can at times be complicated. As the crossroads of the Scipian continent, the region of Ninva desert is extremely diverse both religiously and culturally, remaining divided on ethnoreligious grounds into the modern day. Even whole ethnic groups such as the Tenerians are themselves amalgamations of many different sub-groups and peoples, united by historical circumstance and later a common language and cultural touchstones based on the realities of desert life. The Kel Tenere are the dominant ethnic group of Charnea, making up 40% of the population at 20 million. The Tebu are the second largest group, with just under 10 million persons, and are a closely related desert dwelling pastoralist group with historical ties to the Tenerians and commonalities of culture yet distinct due to an unrelated language. Zarma inhabit the south of the country, having historically formed sedentary states in the Agala highlands and the sahel, along with the ancient Deshrians who inhabited the eastern Charnea and dispersed into the desert, persisting in oasis towns within Charnea long after the fall of their bronze age civilization. These four ethnic groups, while less than half of the total number of ethnicities present in Charnea, make up over 90% of Charnean population. Part of the reason for this is the two centuries old peace treaty known as the Ekkozedes between these four ethnicities and their many respective clans and tribes, which was reaffirmed upon the foundation of the Third Charnean Empire, the basis of which was cooperation between the elites of the big four ethnic groups within the state, previously dominated only by Tenerian clans. At the time, what are now the big four ethnicities made up less than 40% of the population of the whole region, but experienced demographic expansion and assimilated many outside groups as a result of these groups exaggerated political representation in the Third Charnean Empire as a result of the Ekkozedes. Only certain minority groups, specifically the Tichkans and the Gharibs of Charnea, have remained in numbers exceeding 1 million persons, having partially benefitted from the population expansion to a lesser extent than the big four. Many other native groups, as well as immigrant groups, exist in the Third Charnean Empire numbering in the tens or hundreds of thousands.

Charnea was for most of its history an extremely undeveloped and low density region inhabited mainly by small tribes made up of a few family groups migrating across the desert from place to place, seldom staying in one place for longer than a few months. The demographic exposition of the so called Three Strides turned this dynamic on its head, leading to a sweeping urbanization of Charnean population into densely populated boomtowns in the late 19th and early 20th century, urban centers which were transformed into industrial centers of increasingly complex manufacturing as the 20th century went on. The process of urbanization was catalyzed by subsistence pastoralists of the desert generally living very hard lives and pursuing unlucrative careers migrating into the nascent urban centers lured by the promise of great wealth of the gold rush and other mining expansion, and later the promise of a better life and a steady factory job compared to the relative poverty and uncertainty of survival experienced by pre-modern desert pastoralists. The further these cities developed, the more the outlying tribes migrated into them, promoting their growth and demographic explosion further, until even groups beyond Charnea were drawn to the promise of prosperity associated with Charnean cities. Today, the Third Charnean Empire has a population that is over 95% urban. Since the decline of mining towns and increasingly concentrated industrial centers, the population has likewise become increasingly consolidated in a small number of large cities, with the top ten cities accounting for roughly 80% of the entire country's population.

 
Largest cities or towns in Charnea
National Office of Statistics
Rank Province Pop.
Agnannet
Agnannet
Azut
Azut 		1 Agnannet Achra 9,825,622 Hamath
Hamath
Ziwa
Ziwa
2 Azut Ghut 6,610,645
3 Hamath Hatheria 5,943,000
4 Ziwa Toudan 5,493,909
5 Tenteran Khito 3,157,220
6 Tanitnet Arkesh 2,170,003
7 Ekelhoc Tazra 2,001,332
8 Awakar City Awakar 1,655,375
9 Pertoth Cherbua 1,413,997
10 Tiernyah Hazlat 1,011,000

Religion

Religion in Charnea
Religion Percent
Tamddaism
 
 71%
Neterism
 
 8%
Amanist Judaism
 
 2%
Timal Ibaran
 
 12%
Other
 
 2%

Sitting at the confluence of the Scipian interior, Charnea is and has always been a religiously diverse place. The oldest faith of Charnea is Neterism, the modern from of the ancient Deshrian pantheon. Temples of the Neterist religion are among the oldest surviving manmade structuctures in Charnea, and indeed the entire world. The earliest recognizable form of this faith can be dated to aproximately 3,200 BCE, and has been observed continuously since that time in various forms and variations evolving through the centuries, featuring altered or expanded versions of the same original pantheon and sets of customs. An estimated 4 million Neterists continue to uphold this tradition, the overwhelming majority of these being ethnic Deshrians. Judaism first appeared in the lands of Charnea some time during the reign of Queen Kaharna in the 5th century BCE, in the form of exiles fleeing the land today known as Yisrael. According to surviving jewish texts from this era, the exiles were welcomed by the Amazigh Queen and granted refuge in the desert cities of old Tamazgha. These Charnean jews would, over the ensuing millenia, develop into the Amanist sect of Judaism which is today observed by over 1 million Charneans, many of them ethnic Tichkans or Tenerians and many of them concentrated in the city of Tiernyah in eastern Charnea. A comparatively much more recent religious introduction but one no less relevant than its ancient counterparts was the first appearance of the White Path, a Mutulese religion propagated in Charnea by a semi-mythical figure known as the Desert Oracle in the 17th century. The White Path, or Timal Ibaran as it is known in Tamashek, experienced a rapid increase in popularity, secretly encouraged by the rulers of the Awakari Empire and the shadowy Tenerian cult known as the 300 Arms, today becoming the second largest religion in Charnea and fostering close cultural ties to otherwise distant Mutul. The final, largest and newest Charnean religion is Tamddaism, the "Vulture Cult", seeing its origin in the early 18th century as a syncretic religious movement of White Pilgrim Tenerians. Tamddaism combines cosmological, philosophical and theological aspects primarily of the White path and Neterism, but also influences of Amanist Judaism and Azdarin and even ancient Tenerian folk religion. It grew extremely quickly amongst the Tenerian and later Tebu and Zarma populations in Charnea, rapidly becoming the majority religion by the end of the 18th and begining of the 19th centuries and retaining this title to the present day, having even converted portions of the Tichkan and Deshrian populace from their traditional ethnic religions.

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