Kroraine

Federal Democratic Republic of Kroraine Krorainentse Śamnäṣṣuva Miṃcuteya Cantre ཀྲོ་རཡྣ་འེན་ཙེ་ཤམ་ནཻཥ་ཥུ་ཝ་མིཾ་ཅུ་ཏེ་ཡ་ཅན་ཏྲེ་
Flag Federal Seal
Motto: Tañ nesem, arai kartseya Kroraina. "Us for you, O beautiful Kroraine"
Anthem: Guṇacaṃdrentse Yapoy "Land of Gunachandra"
Capital and largest city	Korla
Official languages	Kroraini
Recognised regional languages	Yirō Gojali
Ethnic groups (2015)	84.2% Krorainis (incl. 8.4‬% Saka) 6.6% Yi 5.8% Gojalis 2.2% Xiaodongese 1.3% others
Religion (1995)	78.5% Kroraini Satyism 12.5% Folk religion 8.58% non-religious 0.4% Irfan 0.2% others
Demonym(s)	Kroraini Shanshanese (chiefly historical)
Government	Federal parliamentary republic
• President	Puñamitre Kaṣyāre
• Prime Minister	Vrauśke Kunlyumeṃ
• Justiciar	Kāḍike Tsyakune
• Chairwoman of the Saṃsade	Etriṣe Katakarṇi
Legislature	Saṃsade
• Upper house	Klyomñentse Kercci
• Lower house	Ankāmnintse Kercci
Formation
• Shanshan Kingdom first attested	630 CE
• Gunachandra unifies the Kroraini petty kingdoms	770-790
• Idiqut Dynasty takes the throne	1006
• Protectorate of the Tao Empire	1132
• Independence Declared	5 May 1936
• Revolution	1936-1954
• Treaty of Turpan	23 November 1954
Area
• Total	275,966.01 km2 (106,551.07 sq mi)
• Water (%)	2.8%
Population
• Estimate	18,576,600 (2019)
• 2015 census	18,248,281
• Density	66.12/km2 (171.3/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	2012 estimate
• Total	$140.530 billion
• Per capita	$7,701
GDP (nominal)	2012 estimate
• Total	$51.861 billion
• Per capita	$2,842
Gini	32.8 medium
HDI	0.574 medium
Currency	Ṣotre (₹) (KRS)
Time zone	UTC+1:00 (KST)
Date format	yyyy-mm-dd
Driving side	right
Calling code	+27
Internet TLD	.kro
Notes: ^A: In Yutyan Province and Ärämci provinces. ^B In Sarikol Province.

Kroraine, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Kroraine (Kroraini: Krorainentse Śamnäṣṣuva Miṃcuteya Cantre, pronounced [kroˈrəɪ̯nent͡se ɕəmˈnɨʃuʋə minˈt͡ɕutejə ˈt͡ɕəntre]; Rygalic script: ཀྲོ་རཡྣ་འེན་ཙེ་ཤམ་ནཻཥ་ཥུ་ཝ་མིཾ་ཅུ་ཏེ་ཡ་ཅན་ཏྲེ་), is a sovereign state in central Coius. Kroraine is a landlocked country, dominated by the Tarya river valley which runs from north to south throughout the length of the country. It is bordered by Yi to the south, Xiaodong to the west, Zorasan to the north, and ??? to the east. The capital and most populous city is Korla, which lies in the northern half of the country.

The earliest known inhabitants of the area of modern Kroraine were a caucasoid people, often with red or blonde hair, dating to at least the 2nd millennium BCE. Various nomadic peoples, such as the Yuezhi and Wusun of Xiaodongese sources, were part of the migration of Hyndo-Euclean speakers who settled in Central Coius during that period. Although geographically isolated by its mountainous boundaries and highly variegated and often inhospitable terrain, which has helped to preserve its unique culture, Kroraine has been at the crossroads of several great civilisations as part of the Silk Road and other commercial and cultural routes. It has long been dominated by foreign powers, in particular the Xiaodongese, and attained sovereignty as a nation state only after securing its independence from the Auspicious Republic in 1954.

Since independence, Kroraine has officially been a federal parliamentary republic, although it has endured some internal conflicts and political strife.

Ethnic Krorainis make up a majority of the country's nearly 19 million people, followed by notable minorities of Yi, Gojalis and Xiaodongese. The Saka would be considered the second largest ethnic group ahead of the Yi, but they are generally considered to be Krorainis as well. The Kroraini language, also known as Shanshanese, is the primary official language of Kroraine, although Xiaodongese remains widely spoken as an inter-ethnic language — a legacy of centuries of Xiaodongese rule over Kroraine. The majority of the population practice a local syncretic form of Satyism, although there are significant numbers of pagans and irreligious people. The culture of Kroraine bears similarity to those of its neighbouring nations, in addition to its autochthonic heritage.

History

Early history

Suspected route of proto-Kroraini migrations from central Euclea across Coius.

The identities of the earliest inhabitants of modern Kroraine are unknown, although evidence of a human presence in the region dates to about 21,000 years before present. This paleolithic population was largely replaced by neolithic migrants from eastern and southeastern Coius around 3000 BCE. There is some genetic continuity between these early peoples and modern inhabitants of Kroraine.

The pre-Kroraini population which inhabited the area from 3000 to 1000 BCE is equally mysterious, as their existence predates any written records. The material culture they left behind, however, resembles that of contemporary achaeological cultures in Brem and Phula, indicating that they may have been related to the ancient Bremish or Rygyalic peoples.

Reconstructed facial features of an early Kroraini migrant from a mound grave in Ārśi, dated c. 11th century BCE.

The ancestors of the modern Kroraini people began to cross over the Ipräṣṣe mountains into the region beginning around 1200 BCE, settling first in the Sarikol Valley and by the mid 11th century spreading well into the Cyämo valley. The new settlers were culturally and genetically distinct from the existing population and greater in number, absorbing them into the new proto-Kroraini culture. Other innovations not seen prior to the advent of the proto-Kroraini migrants include new irrigation techniques, crops, and animals previously not domesticated in the region. Sizeable settled agricultural communities formed, with new communities cropping up following the Cyämo valley southward.

Demographics

Ethnic groups

Ethnic distribution within Kroraine, 2015
  Krorainis (75.8%, excl. Saka)
  Saka (8.4‬%)
  Yi (6.6%)
  Gojalis (5.8%)
  sparsely inhabited