Temaria
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Republic of Temaria | |
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 Flag
 Coat of arms
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| Motto: "Fräiheet iwwer allem" (Temarian) "Freiheit vor allem" (Hesurian) ("Liberty above all") | |
| Anthem: "Unsere liebe Fraue" ("Our Dear Lady")  | |
 Temaria (green) shown within the continent of Berea (dark grey). | |
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| Capital and largest city | Tinz am Sigmund 61°3'N 23°10'E |
| Official languages | Temarian, Hesurian |
| Recognised regional languages | Cuthish |
| Ethnic groups (2015) | 90.4% Temarian 9.6% Other |
| Religion | No official statistics |
| Demonym(s) | Temarian |
| Government | Unitary parliamentary republic |
• President | Xaver Meier |
• Minister of State | Annaliese Keller |
| Legislature | Versammlung |
| Independence from Cuthland-Waldrich | |
• Principality of Temaria | 900s |
• Conquered by First Cuthish Empire | January 11, 1444 |
• Annexed by Aldia | March 5, 1621 |
| May 18, 1793 | |
| November 9, 1841 | |
| 1916 | |
| Population | |
• 2020 estimate | 2,681,410 |
• 2017 census | 2,551,993 |
| GDP (PPP) | 2020 estimate |
• Total |  $177.3 billion |
• Per capita | $66,112 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2020 estimate |
• Total | $217.2 billion |
• Per capita | $81,019 |
| Gini (2020) | 29.8 low |
| HDI (2020) | 0.944 very high |
| Currency | Temarian karning (TKN, TӃ) |
| Date format | dd/mm/yyyy |
| Driving side | right |
| Calling code | +50 |
| Internet TLD | .tm |
Temaria (Temarian: Tämerland, Hesurian: Tämien), officially the Republic of Temaria (Temarian: Republiek Tämerland, Hesurian: Republik Tämien), is a landlocked country in the Telmerian peninsula in north-eastern Berea. It borders Cuthland-Waldrich to the south and west, and Mascylla to the north. To the east, Temaria has a small coastline on Lake Sigismund, where its capital, Tinz am Sigmund, is located. Other urban settlements in the country include Weibern, Seifritz, Rothenthur, Kappl and Unterbierg. The country as a population of 2,681,410 as of 2020, making it the second-smallest country in Telmeria ahead of Lilienburg. The country is comprised of ten cantons and is located in the middle of Gasselian Mountains, where the source of the Mogd river, which also runs through the country, is located.
Temaria was originally inhabited by the Temeres, a Telmeric tribe closely related to their neighbours in Mascylla and Cuthland. The Albarian Kingdom to the north introduced widespread Cambran-era technology to Telmeria shortly after the empire's attempts to expand northwards. Ingmar the Great consolidated the Temeres into the Principality of Temaria in the 800s, becoming the westernmost of the medieval-era Mascyllary kingdoms. The principality lasted around 600 years until it was conquered by the First Cuthish Empire in 1444, the first of multiple conquests that set the Cuthish-Mascyllary borderlands in Temaria. Under Cuthland, the Temarian language and culture was repressed and Cuthish people were encouraged to settle in Temaria to outweigh the local population. Extensive Cuthish and Waldrisian influence on Temaria saw the culture begin to diverge from mainland Mascyllary culture in the 1500s, before it was conquered by the Kingdom of Aldia in the 18th century War of Cuthish Succession and First Cutho-Mascyllary War. Temaria was part of Aldia during the process of Mascyllary unification in 1793, becoming a part of a unified Mascylla with the Treaty of Langquaid. Cuthland conquered Temaria once again in 1841, before Temaria gained its independence as a Assembly of Nations Mandate with the Treaty of Lehpold in 1917; it achieved full sovereignty in 1943 after the Melasian Crisis.
The country's first Minister of State, Emil Ulmer, characterised the nation's development into an extensive free market economy with a developed welfare state. Temaria joined the Assembly of Nations in 1943, and began a process of economic and social integration with Mascylla under Augustin Reichleitner. The Temarian government collapsed during the Melasian Crisis over the ruling coalition being divided on support of Mascylla or neutrality, and led to the ratification of the 1946 Temarian constitution, transitioning Temaria from a presidential system to a parliamentary system, with the President adopting a figurehead role. Since then, Temarian politics have traditionally been dominated by the National Greens, a right-wing green party that has contributed extensively to Temaria's environmental maintenance and quality.
Temaria is renowned for its geographical landscapes, situated on the Mogd river that runs through the Gasselian Mountains, which dominate the country's northern landscapes. The country also has a sizable amount of lakes within its borders, as well as coastline on the larger Lake Sigismund. Temaria's famous natural landscapes are also accompanied by a diverse array of flora and fauna, many of which are native only to Temaria and its immediate surrounding area. Green politics and eco-tourism have been significant in preserving Temaria's natural areas, with over 30% of the country being protected from significant human activity.
Today, Temaria remains one of the world's most developed countries. It boasts one of the world's highest Human Development Indexes at 0.944 and GDPs per capita at $66,112 (PPP), $81,019 (nominal), a low-category Gini coefficient at 29.8, and an extremely developed service sector with a branching quaternary sector, as well as one of the world's most encompassing welfare states, including free-at-use universal healthcare for Temarian citizens. Temaria njoys sizable economic and social integration with its neighbour Mascylla, and, more recently, with Cuthland-Waldrich, with Temaria relying on the former for national defense purposes. It is a member of the Assembly of Nations, a Special Observer to the BDTA, X.
Etymology
History
Prehistory
Principality
Middle ages and Cuthish conquest
Early modern history and Aldian conquest
Mascyllary reunification and Cuthish reconquest
Great War
Modern history
Geography
Climate
Environment
Geology
Biodiversity
Flora
Fauna
Politics
Politics in Temaria take place through the framework of a multi-party parliamentary democracy whereby the President (Temarian: President, Hesurian: Präsident) is the country's head-of-state and the Minister of State (Temarian: Staatsminister, Hesurian: Staatsminister) is the country's head-of-government. Since 1946, Temaria has used single transferable vote (STV) to elect the members of its unicameral legislature, the Versammlung. Ministers of the Versammlung must belong to a parliamentary party or bloc when they are elected, and, since 2012, whilst they are sitting in parliament. The Minister of State is not directly elected during a general election, but will serve as such by way of being the leader of their respective parties or the leader of any governing coalition. The current president is Xaver Meier and the current Minister of State is Annaliese Keller of the ruling Green–Liberal Conservative coalition.
The Constitution of Temaria is a codified document that acts as the supreme law of the land. The constitution was first drafted and ratified upon the country's formation as a Mascyllary mandate in 1917, but was heavily changed and amended during the Thalmann Crisis, eventually resulting in the 1946 constitution, which is the most recent iteration of the document. The 1917 constitution outlined Temaria as a unitary presidential republic, but was changed to a parliamentary republic and the president demoted to a figurehead role in 1946. Since then, the president serves mainly as a ceremonial role who represents the country in official state visits elsewhere as well as a government representative in domestic affairs such as diplomatic missions from other countries in Temaria. The Minister of State leads their respective party or coalition in the Versammlung, although they themselves are not required to be a sitting member of the legislature. Laws and bills are introduced, courted, amended, and accepted or rejected by majority vote of the Versammlung, although amendments, rejections and passings of law can often be passed to national plebiscite through the use of political petitions, one of many implementations of direct democracy in Temaria. A petition must gain the signature of 10% of the electorate (usually around 150,000 signatures) in four months to send any change in law to plebiscite. The frequency of referenda and plebiscites in Temaria contributes to the country recording one of the lowest average national turnouts for referenda in the world.
The Temarian judiciary is split into three tiers, Stadgeriichter (Stadtgerichte, town courts), the lowest tier of court that deals with minor offenses on an extremely local level. Kantongeriichter (Kantonsgerichte, cantonal courts), the middle tier of courts that deal with serious offenses on a cantonal level. The cantonal courts are frequently used for any criminal offense deemed as a Tier II offense outlined by Section 1, Article 3b of the Temarian Civil Law Code (referred to as the Zivilrecht), which deals with "any individual criminal offense seeking to cause extent and intentional harm to an individual, property, or other such entity". Tier II crimes are often interpreted as murder, sexual assault (including rape) as well as arson). The final level of the judiciary are the Staatsgeriichter (Staatsgerichte, state courts). State courts deal with "immediate threats to the state, including treason, assassination or intent to cause withstanding damage to the Temarian government or its operations", outlined as Tier III offenses in the Civil Law Code. Temarian courts are impartial, with judges appointed independently of the country's political system, and are supported by an intensive, intricate and thorough appeals system that citizens can use to attempt to overturn their convictions.
Administrative divisions
Temarian administrative divisions are separated into three levels, cantons (kantonen, Kantone), municipalities (gemengen, Gemeinden) and towns (stied, Städte). Temaria consists of ten cantons, all of whom are directly administered by the central government as part of Temaria's unitary nature. However, cantons still enjoy notable cantonal devolution in regards to local administration and authority. Cantonal leitversammelen or Volksversammlungen (lit. "people gatherings") have the powers to redraw municipal borders within their canton, with municipal assemblies possessing the same powers in regards to towns. Cantons elect chancellors (kanzerin, Kanzler) among the canton's sitting members of the Versammlung, who serves as the de facto head of the canton and the lead representative for it in the Versammlung.
Temaria is divided into ten cantons, the most populous of which is Haaptstadkanton–Tinz, with almost half of Temaria's population, also making it the most densely-populated canton. Weibern is the only other city with its own individual canton, despite only being the fourth largest city in Temaria. The largest canton is Befestegshär in the north of the country, and is also the least densely-populated canton in Temaria. The smallest canton by area is Weibern, followed by Haaptstadkanton–Tinz and Massel.
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Foreign relations
The Temarian government has retained an important and defining policy of political neutrality since its foundation, a stance that has shaped Temarian politics massively, especially in its early years. In 1946, Temarian president Lucas Thalmann attempted to subvert this policy of neutrality by pushing his government to approve support for Mascylla during the Melasian Crisis, eventually causing his governing coalition to collapse, both main parties to disband after both failed to form a government, and the rewriting of the Temarian constitution in 1946 that reformed the country into a parliamentary system and away from the presidential system it had adopted for the early 20th century.
Despite this stance of neutrality, in practice Temaria remains closely aligned with the Berean Defence Treaty Association (BDTA), enjoying positive bilateral relations with its member states – Falland, Mascylla and Lavaria – and most of its aligned members, as well as maintaining its status as a Special Observer to the organisation. The country has been a member of the Assembly of Nations since 1943, and has participated extensively in its peacekeeping missions around the world. Its political alignment naturally puts it at odds with the Mageiros League, although this is largely due to circumstance and Temaria still hosts and maintains diplomatic missions from Mageiros League countries. It is for that reason Temaria remains the most significant diplomatic negotiator internationally and hosts a plethora of international organizations in Tinz am Sigmund.