Haema-class submarine

Haema

File:Haema-class.png Haema I-class, Haema II-class
Class overview
Builders:	DNMI
Operators:	Anikatian People's Navy Anikatian Navy
Preceded by:	Hukkorae-class
Succeeded by:	Imugi-class
Built:	1976–1994
In service:	1978-Present
Planned:	50
Completed:	47
Cancelled:	3
Active:	21
Retired:	26
General characteristics
Type:	Submarine
Displacement:	surface – 7,780 t; / 10,580 t; / 11,880 t; submerged – 9,980 t; / 15,300 t; / 18,340 t; (Haema I / Haema II / Haema III)
Length:	127.5 m / 131 m / 132 m (Haema I/II / Haema III)
Beam:	11.7 m
Draft:	8 m / 8.8 m (Haema I / Haema II / Haema III)
Propulsion:	2 × Daesungkhu & Namkoong DNGE GW-90B nuclear reactors producing 90 MW (120,692 hp) each 2 × Bulgakko P-SM2-500B steam turbines 2 × Bulgakko E-TM1A-3B Electric cruise motors 1,480 shp (1,081 kW) 2 × Daesungkhu & Namkoong DNE TG-3V turbogenerators 4,023 shp (3,000 kW) 1 × Kyoungcho DPE F6M 617 shp (460 kW) emergency diesel engine set 1 shafts, each with 5-bladed propellers / each with 7-bladed propellers (Haema I/II / Haema III)
Speed:	14 knots (24 km/h) surfaced 24 knots (48 km/h) submerged
Range:	Unlimited, except by food supplies
Endurance:	90 days endurance
Test depth:	320-550 m (820-984 ft)
Complement:	Hukkorae I/II: 120 crew (32 officers, 38 warrant officers, 50 enlisted) Hukkorae III: 135 crew (32 officers, 38 warrant officers, 65 enlisted)
Armament:	6 × 533 mm (21.0 in) torpedo tubes 24 × torpedos or mines 16 × SKG-15 SLBMs, Hukkorae II upgraded with SKG-15H, Hukkorae III upgraded with SKG-15HJ

The Haema-class submarine is a class of nuclear-powered balistic missile submarines that were built by the DSRA. The official designation by the Anikatian People's Navy is the Haema-class, but the manufacturer designation of this class is Project 658; Haema (해마) means warlus in the Anikatian language. They formed the bulk of the Anikatian strategic submarine fleet since their introduction in 1978.

History and development

A programme for a new strategic nuclear missile submarine system was given authorization for development by the DSRA due to short-comings with the Mokae-class. While development of a small series of experimental Hukkorae-class submarines was undertaken for research and development purposes. The type proved highly successful and fed into the development of a next generation strategic nuclear missile submarine.

Using skills and knowledge acquired from both the Mokae and Korae programmes development of a new class of submarine was given the highest priority due to a perceived "SSBN Gap" due to the failures with Mokae class which left only a limited number of long ranged nuclear powered Mokae III variants to patrol and the numerous electronics faults and other issues with the new nuclear propulsion system on that type raised fears of being unable to carry out patrols if too many suffered maintenance problems.

At the same time, a new ballistic submarine-launched missile was developed the SKG-15. Which greatly increased the range thus avoiding the risk of long-range combat patrols and even the detection of vessels. The SKG-15 was about 40% longer than its predecessor SKG-11, had a 20% larger diameter.

It had a range around 7,700-9,100 km (4,780-5,654 mi) compared with just 2,500–3,000 km (1,600–1,900 mi) for its predecessor. Because of the increase in the size of the missile the hull gained the distinctive 'hump' which was also featured on the experimental Hukkorae-class submarines which were all converted to use the new SKG-15 missile and were used extensively for trialling of the new missile system.

The construction of the new Haema-class submarine was design around the SKG-11 missile system in the arrangement similar to the Hukkorae-class. As the development of the type continued the dimensions increased to fit new equipment and lasted improvement of the SKG-15 missiles and there was a need to implement structural changes creating a 'hump' as the bottom of the hull was modified.

The length of the stern and bow of the ship was increased with each generation although careful care to contour and streamlining the design and reduce noise. In the area of nuclear power plant compartments, local sound absorbers were installed, increasing the efficiency of acoustic coatings where were durable and lightweight. The type can fire the ballistic missiles while submerged underwater at a depth of 55 metres while cruising at a speed of 6-7 knots.

Variants

• Haema I (Project 658): The baseline configuration, these nuclear-powered submarines that first saw service in 1978; 20 were built. They had 6 torpedo tubes and carried 24 torpedoes or mines and carried 16 SKG-15 SLBMs.
• Haema II (Project 658A): Improved design, with increased length by 3.5 metres and higher displacement allowing greater diving depths, other improvements were new electronic equipment, improved sonar and a major step up in the reliability of the automated systems. It was the first of the class that could launch any number of missiles in a single salvo, also the first submarine capable of carrying ballistic missiles with multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles, they first saw service in 1983 ; 16 were built. They had 6 torpedo tubes and carried 24 torpedoes or mines and carried 16 SKG-15H SLBMs each carrying three to seven independently targeted re-entry vehicles (MIRVs), with a range of 6,500 to 8,000 km, depending on the number of re-entry vehicles.

File:Haema III-class.png

Haema III

• Haema III (Project 658H): Deep modernisation of the design, new electronic equipment, more sophisticated navigation system supplemented by equipment of satellite navigation, new seven bladed propellers setup for improved hydroacoustic characteristics and greater noise reduction, Length was increased by 1 metres and higher displacement allowing greater diving depths and some hull reshaping to improve acoustics. The efficiency of the anti-hydroacoustic coatings of the light outer hull along with streamlining and to accommodate new equipment, improved sonar and weapons. Modifications allow it to fire missiles in any direction from a constant course in a circular sector. These nuclear-powered submarines that first saw service in 1987; 11 were built. They had 6 torpedo tubes and carried 24 torpedoes or mines and carried 16 SKG-15HJ SLBMs each carrying a warhead consists four to ten multiple independently targeted re-entry vehicles (MIRVs), each rated at 100 kt. The missile uses stellar inertial guidance to provide a circular error probable (CEP) of 400 m. The CEP value is a measure of the accuracy of strike on the target and is the radius of the circle within which half the strikes will impact

Units

Following is a list of all 47 Haema-class submarines built for the DSRA. A total of 50 vessels were planned but three submarines were cancelled after the fall of the DSRA and subsequent cut in military spending. Only two of the three cancelled submarines were laid down both were scrapped before completion.

Hukkorae-class

Number	Shipyard	Project	Laid down	Launched	Decommissioned	Status
S-173	DNMI Daegok Shipyard	658	1976	1978	2001	Decommissioned for scrapping
S-174	DNMI Daegok Shipyard	658	1976	1979	2001	Decommissioned for scrapping
S-175	DNMI Daegok Shipyard	658	1976	1978	2001	Decommissioned for scrapping
S-176	DNMI Daegok Shipyard	658	1978	1980	2001	Decommissioned for scrapping
S-177	DNMI Namsong Shipyard	658	1977	1980	2001	Decommissioned for scrapping
S-178	DNMI Namsong Shipyard	658	1977	1981	2001	Decommissioned for scrapping
S-179	DNMI Daegok Shipyard	658	1976	1979	2001	Decommissioned for scrapping
S-180	DNMI Daegok Shipyard	658	1977	1980	2001	Decommissioned for scrapping
S-181	DNMI Namsong Shipyard	658	1977	1980	2001	Decommissioned for scrapping
S-182	Sunwoo Heavy Industries Hamgae Shipyard	658	1977	1980	2001	Decommissioned for scrapping
S-183	Sunwoo Heavy Industries Hamgae Shipyard	658	1977	1980	2001	Decommissioned for scrapping
S-184	Sunwoo Heavy Industries Hamgae Shipyard	658	1977	1980	2001	Decommissioned for scrapping
S-185	Kyoungcho Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Eunchuol Shipyard	658	1977	1980	2001	Decommissioned for scrapping
S-186	Kyoungcho Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Eunchuol Shipyard	658	1977	1981	2001	Decommissioned for scrapping
S-187	Kyoungcho Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Eunchuol Shipyard	658	1977	1980	2001	Decommissioned for scrapping
S-188	Kyoungcho Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Eunchuol Shipyard	658	1977	1980	2002	Decommissioned for scrapping
S-189	DNMI Chongnam Shipyard	658	1980	1981	2002	Decommissioned for scrapping
S-190	Kyoungcho Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Eunchuol Shipyard	658	1980	1982	2002	Decommissioned for scrapping
S-191	DNMI Chongnam Shipyard	658	1977	1980	2002	Decommissioned for scrapping
S-192	DNMI Chongnam Shipyard	658	1977	1980	2002	Decommissioned for scrapping
S-193	Kyoungcho Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Eunchuol Shipyard	658A	1981	1984	2004	Decommissioned for scrapping
S-194	DNMI Chongnam Shipyard	658A	1980	1983	2004	Decommissioned for scrapping
S-195	DNMI Daegok Shipyard	658A	1980	1983	2004	Laid up, awaiting scrapping
S-196	Sunwoo Heavy Industries Hamgae Shipyard	658A	1980	1983	2004	Laid up, awaiting scrapping
S-197	Sunwoo Heavy Industries Hamgae Shipyard	658A	1980	1983	2004	Laid up, awaiting scrapping
S-198	Kyoungcho Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Eunchuol Shipyard	658A	1982	1984	2004	Laid up, awaiting scrapping
S-199	DNMI Chongnam Shipyard	658A	1983	1984	-	Active service
S-200	DNMI Chongnam Shipyard	658A	1983	1985	-	Active service
S-201	Kyoungcho Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Eunchuol Shipyard	658A	1981	1984	-	Active service
S-202	Sunwoo Heavy Industries Hamgae Shipyard	658A	1983	1986	-	Active service
S-203	Sunwoo Heavy Industries Hamgae Shipyard	658A	1983	1986	-	Active service
S-204	Kyoungcho Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Eunchuol Shipyard	658A	1981	1984	-	Active service
S-205	DNMI Namsong Shipyard	658A	1980	1984	-	Active service, to undergo overhaul and modernisation
S-206	DNMI Chongnam Shipyard	658A	1981	1984	-	Active service
S-207	DNMI Chongnam Shipyard	658A	1981	1985	-	Active service, to undergo overhaul and modernisation
S-208	DNMI Daegok Shipyard	658A	1981	1984	-	Active service
S-209	DNMI Daegok Shipyard	658H	1984	1987	-	Active service
S-210	DNMI Daegok Shipyard	658H	1984	1987	-	Active service, to undergo overhaul and modernisation
S-211	DNMI Daegok Shipyard	658H	1985	1988	-	Active service
S-212	DNMI Chongnam Shipyard	658H	1986	1989	-	Active service
S-213	Kyoungcho Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Eunchuol Shipyard	658H	1988	1990	-	Active service, to undergo overhaul and modernisation
S-214	DNMI Chongnam Shipyard	658H	1986	1989	-	Active service
S-215	DNMI Namsong Shipyard	658H	1989	1992	-	Active service
S-216	Kyoungcho Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering Eunchuol Shipyard	658H	1988	1990	-	Active service, to undergo overhaul and modernisation
S-217	DNMI Chongnam Shipyard	658H	1991	1994	-	Active service
S-218	DNMI Namsong Shipyard	658H	1989	1992	-	Active service
S-219	DNMI Chongnam Shipyard	658H	1991	1994	-	Active service

Operators

Most saw service in the Anikatian People's Navy.

Anikatia

• Anikatian Navy - 10 Haema II, and 11 Haema III class submarines in active service.

DSRA

• Anikatian People's Navy (passed on to successor states)

External links

• Haema Class Submarines - Complete Ship List (English)