User:Benrey/Sandbox:ZZZ
History
Main article: History of Tengaria
Early History (before 495)
Main article: Kaloí Civilization, Armonic Civilization, Marolevic Migrations
Archeological records of settlement around the Len River Valley date back thousands of years. The earliest known records for the region was originally inhabited by a group of tribes known as the Kaloí, who were related to other tribes of Dytikoí and Satrio-Euclean origin, a name first recorded by the Piraean settlers. Little is known about the Kaloí outside of the artifacts they had left behind and accounts given by the Piraeans and later the Solarians. They were described by such as a mostly peaceful people, and were well known for their music and their fair features. They kept mostly to rural farming communities, however, the tribes were known to still wage war against one another or against migratory groups. Although they left no written records, they did have their own language, worship their own gods, and had a common culture, leaving behind burial chambers, settlements, and religious artifacts. They are also credited with developing the fighting style of the Peltast, which spread through Istros to the rest of the Piraean world.
Piraean settlers settled in the southwest region, and also the city of independent city state of Istros along the central Southern Coast in the seventh century BCE. This first coastal city first exposed the Kaloí to the civilization of the Piraeans, and was the largest city in the region for many years. The Piraean language and system of writing did spread to some of the southern tribes, but did not reach most of the tribes. Around 450 BC, many various tribes of the Kaloí were united under one King, Peirous, who formed the Kingdom of Kaloia. This Kingdom only encompassed the southern and central region of modern Tengaria, focused around the Len River Valley and the Coastal Plains. Although there were kings who had knowledge of Piraean civilization, very few cities were built, save for a city on the banks of the Len which eventually came to be Lenovo. Other distinct Kaloí tribes remained outside of the Kingdom as well, especially upon the northern hills.
In addition to the Kaloí, Tengaria was also home to another civilization, that of the Armonic peoples, who lived in the northwestern and western portions of the country. Eventually this civilization would began to expand and to found city states, eventually forming the Armonic League in the region of Visoclesia along the coast of Lake Min. However, Armonic civilization existed well beyond the League in various tribes and petty kingdoms, which occasionally made war with the Kaloí. The word Armonic comes from the corruption of the Solarian name for the region, Harmonica, named in part of the music of said civilization, and because they were reportedly held to be kinsmen to the Kaloí and as such bore much of their character.
When the Solarians first conquered Amathia, some of the Priedan tribes fled to Kaloia as a means of escape. Now the realms of the Kaloí were located at the far borders of the Solarian Empire, and occasionally engaged in warfare with the Empire. The Empire did make several incursions into the Kaloí lands and even for a time controlled a slight portion of eastern marches of Tengaria. For the most part however, this border territory was often the center of many conflicts between the Solarians and the Kaloí, as disputed territory saw warfare between the two. Several settlements and border forts in the East of Solarian origin have been discovered, but they are sparse. While the Kaloí were exposed to Solarian culture, it did not become widespread as of that time. However, Sotrianity is regarded as spreading to Istros in the region in the first few centuries, and John the Apostle was said to be exiled there during his final days. Despite being in conflict with the Solarian Empire in the initial centuries, the Kaloí eventually began to make alliances with the Solarians, hiring themselves as mercenaries.
When Marolevs eventually invaded the land from the North, the Kaloí were driven either towards the Sea, into the hilly parts of the country, or into Solaria itself. Most of the Kaloí fled to their kinsmen in modern Amathia became foederati of the Amathians. The Armonic peoples were crushed and scattered, and the city states greatly reduced; many fled northwards, and later became the Kireno-Kantemoshan peoples, while still others adopted a migratory lifestyle, and became the Savader people. Many Marolevs passed through the land on their way to Solaria. The ones which stayed in the region were known as the Tengars. Once they had come dominate the region during the waning days of the Empire, the Solarians first called the region "Tengaria", which the region was referred to as henceforth. Eventually the Western Empire collapsed in 426, but the Empire of Arciluco continued to hold on in the East. The Tengars assimilated much of the remaining Kaloí and Armonic peoples, and came to dominate the region.
Rule by the Empire of Arciluco and Vicariate (495-1385)
Main Article: Empire of Arciluco, Vicariate of Tengaria
By the time the Marolevic invasions of Solaria had begun to cease, the Tengars had already largely established themselves in the lands roughly corresponding to the border of Tengaria. However, the power to the East, the Empire of Arciluco, looked to expand its borders westward. With the help of the Preidans and the Kaloí foederati, Arciluco conquered most of current day Tengaria, barring Visoclesia, into the Empire following a successful series of campaigns lasting from 480 to 495. The Tengar tribes were incorporated into the Empire first as foederati, and most of modern Tengaria was divided into three administrative divisions, known as dioceses. The eastern one, closest to Amathia, was populated with Kaloí, and became known as the Diocese of Calia. The southern coast, which was largely taken over by Tengars but had a Piraean minority, was formed as the Diocese of Istros. The final one, the largest and westernmost one, was called the Diocese of Tengaria, but also included the region of Armonia, where the Savaders who remained were also made foederati of the Empire. A colony was founded on the remnants of an old Kaloí settlement, which was called Urbs Lenis, as the administrative centre. This city would come to be known as the city of Lenovo. Collectively, these would later be known as the Vicariate of Tengaria, but initially this only referred to the territory controlled by the Diocese of Tengaria.
The Empire of Arciluco began a process of integrating the foederati into the structure and culture of the Empire. At the beginning of the sixth century, Saint Mihail of Tengaria, a missionary from Arciluco, brought Sotrianity to the Tengar tribes. Due to Mihail's position in the historic see of Istros, the Bishop of Istros would become the spiritual centre of the rising Tengarian Church. Through the working of Mihail and missionaries who followed, written language was introduced to the Tengarians, with the first Marolevic literary language, known as Old Church Marolevic or Church Marolevic, was introduced by the clergy. This langauge would come to be the standard liturgical langauge for almost all Marolevic peoples, although it would later be reformed. As Arcilucan culture began to spread, Vulgar Solarian accompanied it and became dominant in both the major cities as well as the Diocese of Calia, but many Tengars in rural areas continued to speak their own toungue, which was also protected as a liturgical language.
The Tengars who had not fallen under the control of Arciluco were known as the Visoclesians, who were divided into various principalities along the coast of Lake Min. Over time, these consolidated into two major principalities, centred around the cities of Garna and Visnagrad. These were not Sotirian at the time, and as they grew they caused great tension on the borders of the Empire of Arciluco. The Diocese of Tengaria, as a border province, developed more quickly than the others, and its leader, known as Vicarius et Comes, eventually came to be seen an important military figure and by the mid-eighth century. Eventually, in 777 the border conflicts broke out into open conflict led to Visoclesian War. Despite several initial defeats and the death of the previous Vicarius on the field of battle, new the Vicarius, an Ethnic Tengar called Leo Tenatus, was able to eventually repel the Visoclesian invasion and successfully conquered the cities of Garna in 779 and Visnagrad in 781, bringing both of them under Imperial control. Leo himself became extremely influential and powerful in the Imperial court, leading the Vicariate becoming a hereditary position and arranging for the Archbishop of Istros to be raised to the status of Patriarch.
With the expansion of the Vicariate due to the addition of Visoclesia and the influence of the Vicarius Leo, the Vicarius et Comes became one of the most important military and political positions within the Empire of Arciluco, competing with the Magister Utriusque Militiae and the Eastern Vicarius et Comes. Under the authority of the Vicarii the Tengarian region began to excercise more poltical autonomy, yet it still remained closely tied to Imperial politics and authority. For example, although the Tenati vicarii were ethnic Tengars, they adopted Solarians names and followed cultural attitude of the Imperial court. The Tengars and Savaders largely adopted a Solarian identity during the following centuries, especially so in the cities. However, the Tengarian Church having liturigcal functions in Tengarian and the existence of ecclesiastical literary schools meant that the Tengarian language continued to survive, especially among the rural populace. Cultural integration was further assisted by the Saint Teodor of Garna, who brought the Tengarian liturgy and written language to the Visoclesian Tengars and introduced them to Sotirianity, but also provided another group which adopted the Tengarian language.
After the tenth century, the political power and authority of the Emperor in Arciluco began to dwindle. The Vicariate of Tengaria became more autonomous as time progressed, and eventually took oversight of the Diocese of Istros in the ninth century and the Diocese of Calia in the twelfth. A failed rebellion by Tenati Vicarius where he attempted to seize the throne as Emperor in 1194 saw the overthrow of the Tenati dynasty and its replacement with a scion from the Cyriacan Dynasty.
Imperial Era (1385-1927)
Main Article: Empire of Tengaria
During the Iconoclast Crisis, Tengaria consistently supported the iconodule side of the debate, arguing for the use of icons in the Church. When Amathian fell into Civil War between the the Iconoclastic Order of Thorns and the iconodule Emperor, Tengaria supported the Emperor's side. However, the Order of Thorns was able to take the city of Arciluco and impale the Emperor, resulting in the collapse of the Empire of Arciluco and the establishment of the Realm of Thorns. The exiled iconodule Ecumenical Patriarch, iconodule Amathian Bishops, and the royal family fled to Tengaria. Upon the confirmation of the joint Synods of Amathia and Tengaria under the authority of the Ecumenical Patriarch, the Grand Prince, Vasil V, was elected and crowned the next Emperor (Vladetel), thus translating the Empire from Amathia to Tengaria and resulting in the creation of the Empire of Tengaria (although it was never formally called such). In order to increase this legitimacy, the daughter of the last impaled Emperor was married to Vasil's son and heir.
Vasil immediately called an ecumenical council in the city of Lenovo in an attempt to formulate an answer to the Iconclast Controversy. Although it did not end up succeeding in solving the dispute and in fact also saw a formal split with the Solarian Catholic Church, Vasil was confirmed in his Imperial authority by a full council of the Church, in part solidifing the translation of the Empire under Tengarian control. Choosing not to embroil the Western part of the continent in war, Vasil instead embarked on a campaign of widespread internal development. His reign marked the beginning of the Tengarian Golden Age, a period of intellectual and philosophic flourishing and cultural renewal. Tengaria became the major intellectual and spiritual centre of Western Euclea, with the establishment the University of Lenovo as the first University in Western Euclea in 1392. The thought Xenagoras became widespread and united with Orthodox Episemialist though, leading to Tengaria becoming the prominent source of Iconodule theology at the time. A great deal of philosophical and theological writings, as well as literature, poetry and stage plays, date to this time period.
Once Vasil I had died and was succeeded by his grandson, Vasil II Tengaria was ready to engage the Iconoclasts on the field of battle. As its position as nominal leader of the Episemialist world, Tengaria became involved in the Iconoclast Wars in 1408 supporting the Duchy of Pavatria against the Kingdom of Ravnia, the Realm of Thorns, and rebellious iconoclastic Bistravians. During the war, Vasil invaded Amathia and was able to defeat the forces of the Realm of Thorns in battle and even conquer the western marches from the iconoclasts. However, he was never able to capture his goal of Arciluco, despite several failed sieges of the city, and he lost most of the lands he did manage to gain when the iconodule Unio Trium Nationum came into power. Vasil II was able to decisively crush the Bistravian revolt and restored Iconoclasm and its control over the region, establishing a Tengarian nobility. Due to focusing their fighting to the north and to the east, the Ravnians were able to take the western marches of the Empire. With Ravnia's iconoclasm still remaining, the iconclasts had scored a de jure victory, discrediting Tengaria's role as spiritual leader and causing the political decline of Tengaria's power. Tengaria's failure to capture the old Imperial capital of Aciluco further undermined their credibility to the Amathians. As such, the war turned out mostly to be a poltical failure. The Duchy of Pavatria became the prominent political power in Western Euclea, and although the Emperor of Tengaria kept his title, the title lost its old authority in the eyes of the West.
However, despite the political loss for Tengaria, the internal cultural and intellectual system which St. Vasil the Great had built continued to allow Tengaria to be the foremost intellectual and cultural leader in Western Euclea. The city of Lenovo functioned largely as the culutral capital for Western Euclea, and was a source of great learning, literary and philosophical development, and eventually what ended up causing the creation of the University over the lands of Western Euclea. However, as the political power of the Empire continued to decline with the with gradual territorial losses to Ravnia and loss of its Bistravian lands in 1549, so too did its cultural and intellectual significance began to lessen. The establishment of the Soravian Empire saw much of the intellectual focus turn from Lenovo to Samistopol, in addition to more recent scientific discoveries and philosophic ideas from eastern Euclea which seemed to discredit the authority of the ancient philosophers. Nevertheless, the Imperial system continued to survive, although it remained only as a regional power. The rising power of the Kingdom of Amathia also saw Tengaria hemmed in other side of three greater powers. Tengaria was strong enough to keep from being conquered but never enough to make itself a prominent power.
Eventually, in the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Empire began to fall into the sphere of Soravia, and the Tengarian intellectual life, which had survived in an albeit weaker form, began to fall into steep decline and Eastern Euclean and Soravian thought began to dominate the intellectual circles of the country. The Pavaric script became the norm, replacing the old Amathian script in official usage. The Empire began to stagnate economically and politically after the reign of Vasil IV. The economic situation continued to worsen, which created worsening unrest, which was kept in check by the Imperial Army. In 1848 Simeon III came to the throne, and after the Green Revolution in 1868 instituted a nominal constitution in several Imperial Acts from the dates of 1851 to 1855, as well as other amendments from later in his reign. Among other things, these acts included codifying the Senate, a historic body of nobility which met upon occasion previously, into a permanent body; and establishing the Chamber of Deputies and the State Council as its two branches. He first began to bring modern elements to Tengaria, and commissioned the completion of the famous Tengarian Assembly Building in Lenovo. He worked to bring in modern infrastructure and industrialization from Eastern Euclea, and laid the groundwork for much of Tengaria's later development.
All of this laid the groundwork for a renewal which began to emerge during the reign of Saint Hristophor "the Holy", which saw a kind of rebirth in Tengarian culture and economic prosperity. As it began to modernize, Hristofor's promotion of the faith and works of charity and kindness made him widely popular among the lower classes; however, the intellectual elite and some of the nobility despised him for his charity and generosity, or simply for his power as monarch. During the reign of his nephew, Dragomir II, the Znaniya School of philosophy and literature arose and became widely popular and began to change the intellectual atmosphere of the country against the influence of the more progressive thought of the contemporary Intelligentsia. Led by Ivan Istina, this group of like-minded philosophers and scholars were hated by the intellectual community and progressives, who saw it as a reactionary movement and wanted it to die. In addition, during the reigns of these monarchs, a rebirth of architecture and music was seen in Tengaria, especially focusing on the ideals of beauty and order. Dragomir II's policies also helped avert some of the damage of the Great Collapse, and Tengaria fared better than most countries, but still suffered somewhat. Tengaria even hosted in the 1918 Summer Invictus Games in the city of Istros, which was quite prestigious for its time. However, the period of growth and rebirth was cut short by the outbreak of the Great War in 1927.
The Great War (1927-1935)
The Empire entered into the Great War on the side of the Grand Alliance and Soravia. From the beginning of the war, Tengaria faced two enemies on two fronts- Ravnia to the West and Amathia to the East. Tengaria's army was relatively well trained and well supplied, and was composed of two major kinds of forces- a well trained force of mobile light infantry skilled in fighting in rough terrain, as well as its more poorly trained traditional infantry. Seeing Ravnia is the larger threat, the Imperial Army committed most of its forces to the Western Front, especially around Lake Min. It established a defensive front to keep out any Amathian incursions from the East. The War began quite well for the Tengarians, with the well trained light infantry gaining several key victories in the early part of the war against Ravnia. Ravnia's preoccupation with the Soravian Front made this possible in part, but also the spectacular victories of Simeon Kovachev, who quickly rose through the ranks despite his age.
However, the front against Amathia fared very poorly, with the Amathians breaking through the Imperial lines at several points, making significant gains. The Tengarian army was slowly but surely pushed back, and by 1929, the situation was dire. Most of the resources put on the Western front were called back to face the problems in the East. This caused the gains made in the West to be indefinsible and subsequently lost back to Ravnia. The Amathians kept on defeating the Tengarian forces, pushing them further and further back. Ravnian advances along the coast began to spell the death knell for Tengaria as the forces encroached closer and closer to Lenovo. On the 6th of September in 1930, the Amathians were finally able to sieze the city of Lenovo. By this point, the Emperor had already fled the city, and the Imperial family was divided. Some fled to Soravia, some joined with Simeon Kovachev's forces, and some stayed behind during the occupation. Empreror Dragomir III himself fled to the Imperial Navy, which attempted to sail to Soravia to get further support for Tengaria; however, the Ravnians intercepted the Tengarian Battle Fleet and destroyed it, taking the Emperor prisoner. The few remnants of the Imperial government who stayed behind capitulated, and the Amathians declared the Empire to be over.
Kovachev still was in control of Tengaria's best forces, and he retreated to the Northernmost hills of Tengaria, close to the border of Soravia and the shores of Lake Min. Many fragments of the defeated portions of the Imperial Army and volunteers joined him, forming what became known as the Free Solarian Army. Simeon by this point had already been named as Regent by Emperor Dragomir III and was the effective Head of State of Tengaria for the next five years while the Emperor was imprisoned. The Free Solarian Army was able to fight a Guerrilla War against the Amathian forces. With strategic support from Soravia, local support and Kovachev's leaderhsip eventually the Tengarian army was able to recapture key positions and pushing back the Amathians and Ravnians from Tengarian territory. Tengaria's orginal borders were restored at the conclusion of the war.
The Early Republic (1935-1955)
Main Article: Tengarian Republic
After the war's conclusion, Kovachev continued to function as the Regent for a short duration after the war. He worked to repair the damages caused by the war, give compensation for wartime destruction, and punished those who had a major role in promoting the Amathian occupation. These processes reunified Tengaria but put the country in debt to Soravia. Repeated attempts to negotiate for the return of Emperor Dragomir from the Ravnians were rebuffed, and eventually the Emperor was handed over to Soravian hands. Soravia refused to let him return, and demanded that Tengaria should become a Republic, although they suggested that Kovachev could easily become dictator. Kovachev, an ardent monarchist, refused to take power, and instead oversaw a transition phase into the new Republic. Without Kovachev's leadership, members from Tengaria's academic field instead wrote the constitution. There were two major opposing schools, those who wanted a conservative and authoritarian regime and were heavily pro-Soravian, and those who wanted to build a democracy reflective of Eastern Euclea. In the end, a compromised was reach, and the writers decided on a Presidential Republic with the legislative and executive being separate. The post of Minister-President would be abolished, but the legislative would still have the legislative control over laws. The Senate was maintained, although it dropped its Imperial titles and replaced them with National instead. The first elections of the new Republic were held in August of 1935, with the conservative pro-Soravian TNVP sweeping the elections, with the prominent academic Gregori Ervo becoming Tengaria's first President entering office in November of the same year.
Many of the old parties from before the collapse of the Empire remained, although the TNVP had taken most of the support from the old Conservative and Centre parties. The main opposition party was the pro-East Euclean Liberal Progressive Party, along with two leftist parties, the Social Democrats and the TSMR. On the fringes of the political scene, the Restoration Party advocated for the return of the Empire, but failed to gain much support in the first twenty years of the republic. During the first five years of the republic, the TNVP managed to finish many of the things which Kovachev had started, but still struggled with finances. However, although the TNVP had initially held together to accomplish its aims, it soon became apparent that the party's big tent nature was becoming a problem as the factions grew worse. In 1939, several parties split off from the TNVP, included the Episemialist Democrats, the Federalists and Svoboda Rights. The Republic would not again have a united government until 1955; and the Chamber of Deputies always relied on large and unstable coalitions. In the 1940 elections, the Liberal Progressives won the Presidency under Vasil Stoychev and were able to form a majority in the Assembly with TSMR and the Social Democrats. However, without having control of the Senate and being part of a contentious coalition, the government was able to achieve very little. The economic situation, which had shown signs of improvement in the first few years, began to lose all the progress that had been made. Party squabbles and Stoychev's weak Presidency only further served to weaken the situation. In 1943, tensions had reached the point where the Liberal Progressives suffered a fracture into the Republican Party, bringing most legislative work to a standstill. During this time, there arose tensions between Kovachev's army and the government. Kovachev attempted to keep the army outside of politics, allowing it to become a State within a state, however, Stoychev and his successor hated the popularity and influence which Kovachev wielded, seeing him as an opponent and his attempts to insulate the army as a potential takeover. For this reason Kovachev and some of his staff were sent to the Kabu Civil War to act as advisors. In 1945, Stoychev won a second term, but still failed to gain a working government.
During this time, Tengaria also participated in the Solarian War against Etruria, helping Soravia on the Western front of the war. The economic downturn and the increasing incompetency of the government caused resentment in the general populace. Using the people's frustration to his advantage, Vladmir Vasilov, a TSMR politician, was elected as President in 1950, on the platform of reforming the system under a socialist banner. The TSMR did not win enough seats, however, and were forced to rely on a very tenuous four party coalition in the Assembly. While the TSMR found it hard to compromise on legislation with their coalition counterparts, the TNVP led opposition in the Senate maintained a strong check upon most things which the Assembly did manage to overcome. Vasilov made the extremely unpopular move of dismissing Kovachev from his position over a property dispute. Vasilov found it increasingly difficult to do anything, especially with an uncooperative military he could not enforce any extreme measures. Due to the political gridlock of the time, the economy declined even more significantly, legislation reached a standstill, and partisan infighting only increased. Popular resentment of the government reached dangerously high levels. As the economic situation worsened, many citizens began to consider that the Republic had been a failure, and that the time had come to bring back prosperity by bringing back the Empire. Socialism, which had been seen as the first alternative, largely came to be associated with the failure of the TSMR and so declined in popularity. Political tensions began to rise as the people began to look for an end to the current troubles.
Tengarian Civil War (1955-1956)
Main Article: Tengarian Civil War
In the elections of 1955, Dimitri Denov, former second in command to Kovachev and a war hero of the Great War in his own right, ran on a campaign with the Restoration Party, promising to bring stability, to end the political squabbles, and to restore the Tengarian Empire, calling the Tengarian Republic a political failure. The people, sick with the failure of the Republic and the other parties, followed this message, and so Denov and his party won the election narrowly, with the Restoration Party won a plurality of seats in the Chamber of Deputies and the State Council, controlling then the whole Grand Assembly and Presidency with a coalition with the sympathetic Episemialist Democrat Party. This did not please most of the left-leaning parties, who despite internal disputes were furious over the loss of the Assembly. Immediately after the election took place in August, the feuding left-leaning parties united under a common cause and began to protest the new results, refusing to accept the outcome as legitimate, and called themselves "Republicans", claiming both there had been voter fraud and that the new government would restore the tyranny of the Monarchy. With them went several right-leaning politicians of a strong republican bent, but the newly-elected government worked out an agreement with the TNVP for a political alliance, gaining the conservatives on a side which soon became known as the "Patriots". Tensions began to grow as the Labour unions began to strike against the new regime in the intervening months. President Vasilov and his administration promoted the agitation and division, furthering the chaos. Soon riots and violent lynchings of prominent Restorationists and former nobles began happening in the streets.
On November 14th, the first day the new government was to be sworn in, Vasilov had members of the the National Army bar the doors of the Grand Assembly from the newly elected members of the Restoration and other right-leaning parties who attempted to get in. When this happened, the newly elected members traveled instead to Saint Vasil's Cathedral in Lenovo, where they began to have a new session of the Grand Assembly. Vasilov took this move as a "conspiracy against the republic", and had National Army soldiers arrest all of them. When word of this spread throughout Lenovo, a crowd of Patriots began protesting in the streets in front of the Presidential Mansion. The National Army soliders opened fire on the crowd, killing seven and wounding nine more, an event which came to be known as the "Black 14th". Vasilov then declared martial law. Considered widely as a self-coup, pro-Patriot army officers planned to defect against the Vasilov government, claiming that Vasilov was no longer in power and was a danger to the nation. Denov and his remaining supporters went to Istros, where Denov was sworn is as President of Tengaria. Simeon Kovachev was called back out his forced retirement by Denov and his fellow Patriot officers to take command of the Patriot cause. On November 17th, National Army units across the country defected to support the Patriot government, led by Kovachev. Especially prominent among these were the junior officers and experienced veterans, as most of the senior officers were government appointees.
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The War would last a little under a year. Although the Republicans controlled most of the country and more forces and equipment, the forces which they had were poorly led, as most of the skilled officers and NCOs had gone over with Kovachev to the Patriots. In addition, the Patriots had wide popular support due to the hatred of the government which had been developing and because of the percieved self-coup. Kovachev quickly defeated the forces of Vasilov government in the early stages of the war. Both sides utilized militias, committing acts of terror both against the sides. In addition, the anti-clerical Republican forces attacked, looted and destroyed churches, killing priests and religious. This only served to alienate some of the remaining neutrals into siding with the Patriots. The Patriots also committed atrocities, but were not as widely recognized by the general populace due to a myriad of factors. The primary battle of the war was the Siege of Lenovo, which took place over the course of two months, which ultimately ended in success for the Patriots, driving the Republican government to the city of Avren. However, shortly after establishing himself in Lenovo, President Denov was assasinated by a Republican partisan, however, he had appointed Kovachev to succeed him. In addition to commanding the field armies, Simeon Kovachev now took over as Head of State. In the waning stages of the war Kovachev founded the Patriotic Union to foster political unity, focused on healing the wounds of the war and unifying Tengaria against partisan infighting. This effort proved massively popular by many, and sealed the death knell Republicans soon found themselves both beaten back and without support. With National Army soldiers advancing in on Avren, many of the remaining Republicans fled the country into Amathia. The city was captured on November 13th, finally putting an end to the conflict.
Post Civil War Tengaria (1956-present)
In the wake of the Civil War, Simeon Kovachev was left in charge of the government as provisional head. According to Kovachev, it was clear that the first system of the Republic was a failure. He could not restore the monarchy like he wanted, due to the international backlash that would no doubt arise, especially from Tengaria's main backer and ally, Soravia. At the same time, he realized that leaving it as it was would only make things worse. To create a solution, he wrote a new constitution for Tengaria, in which the Presidency was stronger and had more ability to prevent the issues which had happened in the early republic. The Constitution was based on a strong government to preserve order and unity, and to minimize the effects of civil strife and factionalism. In order to achieve this, he began actively promoting his campaign, the Patriotic Union. The Union was a non-partisan movement, running on a platform of establishing political stability, order, and ending partisanship. After decades of political chaos and a Civil War, the idea was massively popular. Kovachev and Patriotic Union swept the elections under the new constitution in 1957, and he began to make reforms and to stabilize the country.
Under Kovachev's economic policies, Tengaria saw an economic boom over the next two decades, overcoming the debt the republic had wracked up and making a surplus by 1970. He revitalized Tengarian education, making it one of his chief priorities to do so. He promoted the influence of the Patriarchate of Tengaria in civil life, and also restored the property to the Imperial Family. His efforts saw government influence extend over many fields of culture and society, and his comprehensive plan of social reform had a great impact on the way Tengarian Society developed, such as the type of arts it promoted and sponsored. In addition to education and culture, Kovachev also expanded Tengaria's infrastructure, such expanding Tengaria's rail and energy system, such as subsidizing the first thorium-based nuclear power project on a country-wide scale. Many of these would be finished by his son Dimitri. Kovachev finally died of natural causes on January 2, 1983, when he was 81 years old.
Dimitri Kovachev, Simeon's youngest son, was elected as President after the death of his father in 1983. Less of an idealist than his philosopher and more of a pragmatist, he tried to modernize Tengaria more and to ensure the survival of the Patriotic Union throughout the next decades. He instituted six year terms for the Presidency, and also brought Tengaria into Samorspi. Beset with a financial crisis from the beginning of his Presidency in the 1980s, Dimtri's popularity was nowhere near the same as his father. He re-aligned Tengaria close to Soravia in the wake of the Sostava War and brought Tengaria into the diplomatic bloc of Samorspi in 1984. During his Presidency monetary corruption, in addition with favouritism and nepotism, began to develop within the Union and government. His reign also saw political repression of increased opposition groups, and increased government involvement in journalism, internet control, and mass media. Dimitri died of cancer in 2014.
After Dimitri's death, his daughter Teodora Kovacheva was elected the Presidency. At the time, she was thirty years old, making her one of the youngest heads of state in the world at the. More of an idealist like her grandfather than her father, Teodora has claimed that it is her priority to repopularize the Patriotic Union and its principles. She is notable for becoming an internet sensation at the time of her election due to her youthful appearance. In addition, she has worked to cut back on the monetary corruption in the government, but many believe her anti-corruption measures do not cover all kinds of corruption. Teodora was re-elected to the Presidency in 2018.