1938 Estmerish general election: Difference between revisions

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| election_date    = 19 August 1938
| election_date    = 19 August 1938
| elected_members  =  
| elected_members  =  
| next_election    = [[1941 Estmerish general election]]
| next_election    = 1941 Estmerish general election
| next_year        = [[1941 Estmerish general election|1941]]
| next_year        = 1941
| seats_for_election= All [[Parliament of Estmere#Constituencies|600 seats]] in the [[Chamber of Commons of Estmere|Chamber of Commons]]
| seats_for_election= All [[Parliament of Estmere#Constituencies|600 seats]] in the [[Chamber of Commons of Estmere|Chamber of Commons]]
| majority_seats    = 301
| majority_seats    = 301
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| image1            = [[File:Ernest Bevin MP.jpg|160x160px]]
| image1            = [[File:Ernest Bevin MP.jpg|160x160px]]
| colour1          = d71b1b
| colour1          = E3170D
| leader1          = [[Vincent Holmes]]
| leader1          = [[Vincent Holmes]]
| party1            = [[Social Democratic and Co-operative Party|SDCP]]
| party1            = [[Socialist Party of Estmere|SPE]]
| leader_since1    =  
| leader_since1    =  
| leaders_seat1    = [[Parliament of Estmere#Constituencies|North Peaks]]
| leaders_seat1    = [[Parliament of Estmere#Constituencies|North Peaks]]
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| image2            = [[File:Austen Chamberlain MP.jpg|160x160px]]
| image2            = [[File:Austen Chamberlain MP.jpg|160x160px]]
| colour2          = 1F5AA5
| colour2          = 2C478A
| leader2          = [[Lawrence Montgomerie]]
| leader2          = [[Laurence Montgomery]]
| party2            = [[Sotirian People's Party|SPP]]
| party2            = [[Sotirian People's Party|SPP]]
| leader_since2    =  
| leader_since2    =  
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| image3            = [[File:1st Earl of Halifax 1947.jpg|160x160px]]
| image3            = [[File:1st Earl of Halifax 1947.jpg|160x160px]]
| colour3          = 01B2AC
| colour3          = 64B69A
| leader3          = [[Hugo Gilbert]]
| leader3          = [[Hugo Gilbert]]
| party3            = [[National Democratic Party|NDP]]
| party3            = [[National Democratic Party|NDP]]
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| image4            = [[File:Aneurin Bevan (1943).jpg|160x160px]]
| image4            = [[File:Aneurin Bevan (1943).jpg|160x160px]]
| colour4          = DC247F
| colour4          = 810000
| leader4          = [[Herbert Davies]]
| leader4          = [[Herbert Davies]]
| party4            = [[Estmerish Section of the Workers' International|ESWI]]
| party4            = [[Estmerish Section of the Workers' International|ESWI]]
| leader_since4    =  
| leader_since4    =  
| leaders_seat4    = [[Parliament of Estmere#Constituencies|Hartham Dockside]]<br><small>''(defeated)''</small>
| leaders_seat4    = [[Parliament of Estmere#Constituencies|Hartham Dockside]]
| last_election4    =  
| last_election4    =  
| seats_before4    =  
| seats_before4    =  
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| image5            = [[File:Churchill HU 90973.jpg|160x160px]]
| image5            = [[File:Churchill HU 90973.jpg|160x160px]]
| colour5          = ffd700
| colour5          = F6CB2F
| leader5          = [[Austen Molyneux]]
| leader5          = [[Austen Molyneux]]
| party5            = [[United Liberal Party|ULP]]
| party5            = [[Constitutionalist Party|CP]]
| leader_since5    =  
| leader_since5    =  
| leaders_seat5    = [[Parliament of Estmere#Constituencies|Longwood]]
| leaders_seat5    = [[Parliament of Estmere#Constituencies|Longwood]]
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| image6            = [[File:1st Earl of Woolton 1947.jpg|160x160px]]
| image6            = [[File:1st Earl of Woolton 1947.jpg|160x160px]]
| colour6          = 2b678a
| colour6          = 332277
| leader6          = [[Edgar Harris]]
| leader6          = [[Edgar Harris]]
| party6            = [[Rally of the Republic|RR]]
| party6            = [[Rally of the Republic|RR]]
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| before_party      = ''{{wp|Independent politician|Non-partisan}}''
| before_party      = ''{{wp|Independent politician|Non-partisan}}''
| posttitle        = [[Prime Minister of Estmere|Prime Minister]] after election
| posttitle        = [[Prime Minister of Estmere|Prime Minister]] after election
| after_election    = [[Lawrence Montgomerie]]
| after_election    = [[Laurence Montgomery]]
| after_party      = [[Sotirian People's Party|SPP]]
| after_party      = [[Sotirian People's Party|SPP]]
}}
}}


The '''1938 Estmerish general election''' was held on 19 August 1938. It was the first nationwide general election to take place after the conclusion of the [[Great War (Kylaris|Great War]], though it was preceded by the [[1935 Estmerish constitutional assembly election|1935 elections to the constitutional assembly]]. The newly reconstituted [[Chamber of Commons of Estmere|Chamber of Commons]] saw all 600 seats up for election. It was the first Estmerish election held under the new semi-proportional {{wp|additional member system}}.
The '''1938 Estmerish general election''' was held on 19 August 1938. It was the first nationwide general election to take place after the conclusion of the [[Great War (Kylaris|Great War]], though it was preceded by the [[1935 Estmerish constitutional assembly election|1935 elections to the constitutional assembly]]. The newly reconstituted [[Chamber of Commons of Estmere|Chamber of Commons]] saw all 600 seats up for election. It was the first Estmerish election held under the new {{wp|additional member system}}, which was {{wp|Semi-proportional representation|semi-proportional}} and made it harder to attain a single-party majority.


Estmere was a changed country following the Great War; the [[Monarchy of Estmere|monarchy]] in 1936 was abolished via [[1936 Estmerish monarchy referendum|referendum]], and [[Borland (Kylaris)|Borland]] left the union following a successful [[1936 Borish independence referendum|independence referendum]] in the same year. The compromise which ended the [[1937 Estmerish mutiny|1937 mutiny]] ensured that Estmere would be a {{wp|federation|federal republic}}, and the constitutional assembly ensured that elections would be semi-proportional. Against that tumultuous backdrop, the conduct of the 1938 election was relatively tame. The primary candidates for [[Prime Minister of Estmere|Prime Minister]] were {{wp|centre-left}} [[Vincent Holmes]] and {{wp|centre-right}} [[Lawrence Montgomerie]], who had both served together in the exiled [[Fighting Estmere]] government, and the two had agreed to protect national unity by running positive campaigns. Most other parties followed suit, aside from the {{wp|far-left}} [[Estmerish Section of the Workers' International]] and the {{wp|right-wing}} [[Rally of the Republic]], both of which ran abrasive campaigns.
Estmere was a changed country following the Great War. The [[Occupation of Estmere|occupation]] had strengthened national unity and broken down class barriers, two referendums in 1936 had [[1936 Estmerish monarchy referendum|abolished]] the [[Monarchy of Estmere|monarchy]] and [[1936 Borish independence referendum|ended the union]] with [[Borland (Kylaris)|Borland]], and the country narrowly avoided revolution in the [[1937 Estmerish mutiny|1937 mutiny]]. The mutiny ensured that Estmere was a {{wp|federation}}, and the constitutional assembly had ensured that elections would be run under a semi-proportional system. The political landscape had changed with the country. The two titans of pre-war politics - the [[Unionist Party]] and the [[Constitutionalist Party]] - were both seen to have been tainted by their failure to prepare Estmere for war. The Unionists saw many of their high-profile figures defect to other parties of the right, such as the [[Sotirian People's Party]] and the [[National Democratic Party]]. The Constitutionalists were in a stronger position, but had nevertheless lost their position as the main party of the left to the [[Socialist Party of Estmere]], and struggled to define themselves in the post-war world.


Although Holmes and the [[Social Democratic and Co-operative Party]] came first in the overall vote, centre-right parties won a majority of the seats. This was partially due to a higher than average turnout in the centre-right heartlands of [[Flurland]]. [[President of Estmere|President]] [[Wolfgar Godfredson|Godfredson]] called on Montgomerie to assemble a government, after he secured the support of his own [[Sotirian People's Party]] and the [[National Democratic Party]], the [[United Liberal Party]] and the [[Rally of the Republic]], with additional support from the {{wp|Independent Liberal|independent liberals}} and {{wp|Independent Conservative|conservatives}}.
In spite of the tumult of the time, the conduct of the election was tame. The {{wp|centre-left}} [[Vincent Holmes]] and {{wp|centre-right}} [[Laurence Montgomery]] were the main figures expected to become [[Prime Minister of Estmere|prime minister]], and they had both served closely together in the [[Fighting Estmere]] government. Holmes and Montgomery had agreed to protect the newfound national unity by running positive campaigns and refusing to denigrate the other candidate or their party. In recognition of this, the majority of other mainstream parties followed suit and ran positive campaigns of their own; the only major exceptions were the {{wp|far-left}} [[Estmerish Section of the Workers' International]] and the {{wp|right-wing}} [[Rally of the Republic]].
 
The Socialist Party came first in the overall vote, but centre and centre-right parties won a majority of the seats. This was partially due to a higher than average turnout in [[Arvorne]] and [[Roland]], which leaned to the right. [[President of Estmere|President]] [[Wolfgar Godfredson|Godfredson]] called on Montgomery to assemble a government. He formed a broad coalition led by his own Sotirian People's Party, including the National Democrats, the Constitutionalists and the remnants of the Unionists, with additional support from the {{wp|Independent Liberal|independent liberals}} and {{wp|Independent Conservative|conservatives}}.


==Results==
==Results==
There were 25,387,102 valid ballots cast. Turnout was 79.34%, with 25,403,272 voters, up 3.7% on the [[1935 Estmerish constitutional assembly election|previous election]].
There were 25,387,102 valid ballots cast. Turnout was 79.34%, with 25,403,272 voters, up 3.7% on the [[1935 Estmerish constitutional assembly election|elections to the constitutional assembly]].


{{Election results
{{Election results
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|firstround=Constituency
|firstround=Constituency
|secondround=Party
|secondround=Party
|party1=[[Social Democratic and Co-operative Party]]|color1=#d71b1b|votes1=9223928||votes1_2=8365784|seats1=233|sc1=
|party1=[[Socialist Party of Estmere]]|color1=#E3170D|votes1=9223928||votes1_2=8365784|seats1=233|sc1=
|party2=[[Sotirian People's Party]]|color2=#1F5AA5|votes2=8634572|votes2_2=7458170|seats2=182|sc2=
|party2=[[Sotirian People's Party]]|color2=#2C478A|votes2=8634572|votes2_2=7458170|seats2=182|sc2=
|party3=[[National Democratic Party]]|color3=#01B2AC|votes3=3868918|votes3_2=3603626|seats3=83|sc3=
|party3=[[National Democratic Party]]|color3=#64B69A|votes3=3868918|votes3_2=3603626|seats3=83|sc3=
|party4=[[Estmerish Section of the Workers' International]]|color4=#DC247F|votes4=1199034|votes4_2=2190359|seats4=51|sc4=
|party4=[[Estmerish Section of the Workers' International]]|color4=#810000|votes4=1199034|votes4_2=2190359|seats4=51|sc4=
|party5=[[United Liberal Party]]|color5=#ffd700|votes5=1046615|votes5_2=1173543|seats5=19|sc5=
|party5=[[Constitutionalist Party]]|color5=#F6CB2F|votes5=1046615|votes5_2=1173543|seats5=19|sc5=
|party6=[[Rally of the Republic]]|color6=#2b678a|votes6=269275||votes6_2=932417|seats6=17|sc6=
|party6=[[Rally of the Republic]]|color6=#332277|votes6=269275||votes6_2=932417|seats6=17|sc6=
|party7=[[Radical Liberals (Estmere)|Radical Liberals]]|color7=#ED7A9B|votes7=312460|votes7_2=670767|seats7=3|sc7=
|party7=[[Radical Liberals (Estmere)|Radical Liberal Party]]|color7=#ff7f50|votes7=312460|votes7_2=670767|seats7=3|sc7=
|party8={{wp|Independent Labour|Independent Socialists}}|color8=#FFBBBB|votes8=144799|votes8_2=331524|seats8=4|sc8=
|party8={{wp|Independent Labour|Independent Socialists}}|color8=#FFBBBB|votes8=144799|votes8_2=331524|seats8=4|sc8=
|party9={{wp|Independent Liberal}}s|color9=#FFFFAA|votes9=335323|votes9_2=326605|seats9=4|sc9=
|party9={{wp|Independent Liberal}}s|color9=#FFFFAA|votes9=335323|votes9_2=326605|seats9=4|sc9=
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|barwidth=350px
|barwidth=350px
|bars=
|bars=
{{Bar percent|[[Social Democratic and Co-operative Party|SDCP]]|#d71b1b|32.98}}
{{Bar percent|[[Socialist Party of Estmere|SPE]]|#E3170D|32.98}}
{{Bar percent|[[Sotirian People's Party|SPP]]|#1F5AA5|29.40}}
{{Bar percent|[[Sotirian People's Party|SPP]]|#2C478A|29.40}}
{{Bar percent|[[National Democratic Party|NDP]]|#01B2AC|14.21}}
{{Bar percent|[[National Democratic Party|NDP]]|#64B69A|14.21}}
{{Bar percent|[[Estmerish Section of the Workers' International|ESWI]]|#DC247F|8.63}}
{{Bar percent|[[Estmerish Section of the Workers' International|ESWI]]|#810000|8.63}}
{{Bar percent|[[United Liberal Party|ULP]]|#ffd700|4.63}}
{{Bar percent|[[Constitutionalist Party|CP]]|#F6CB2F|4.63}}
{{Bar percent|[[Rally of the Republic|RR]]|#2b678a|3.68}}
{{Bar percent|[[Rally of the Republic|RR]]|#332277|3.68}}
{{Bar percent|Others|#DDDDDD|2.79}}
{{Bar percent|Others|#DDDDDD|2.79}}
}}
}}
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|barwidth=350px
|barwidth=350px
|bars=
|bars=
{{Bar percent|[[Social Democratic and Co-operative Party|SDCP]]|#d71b1b|38.83}}
{{Bar percent|[[Socialist Party of Estmere|SPE]]|#E3170D|38.83}}
{{Bar percent|[[Sotirian People's Party|SPP]]|#1F5AA5|30.33}}
{{Bar percent|[[Sotirian People's Party|SPP]]|#2C478A|30.33}}
{{Bar percent|[[National Democratic Party|NDP]]|#01B2AC|13.83}}
{{Bar percent|[[National Democratic Party|NDP]]|#64B69A|13.83}}
{{Bar percent|[[Estmerish Section of the Workers' International|ESWI]]|#DC247F|8.50}}
{{Bar percent|[[Estmerish Section of the Workers' International|ESWI]]|#810000|8.50}}
{{Bar percent|[[United Liberal Party|ULP]]|#ffd700|3.17}}
{{Bar percent|[[Constitutionalist Party|CP]]|#F6CB2F|3.17}}
{{Bar percent|[[Rally of the Republic|RR]]|#2b678a|2.83}}
{{Bar percent|[[Rally of the Republic|RR]]|#332277|2.83}}
{{Bar percent|Others|#DDDDDD|2.5}}
{{Bar percent|Others|#DDDDDD|2.5}}
}}
}}


{{Estmere elections}}
{{Estmere elections}}

Latest revision as of 20:50, 17 April 2022

1938 Estmerish general election
← 1935 19 August 1938 1941 →
All 600 seats in the Chamber of Commons
301 seats needed for a majority
Registered32,018,777
Turnout25,403,272 (79.34%; Increase 3.7 pp)
  First party Second party Third party
  Ernest Bevin MP.jpg Austen Chamberlain MP.jpg 1st Earl of Halifax 1947.jpg
Leader Vincent Holmes Laurence Montgomery Hugo Gilbert
Party SPE SPP NDP
Leader's seat North Peaks Wimneyshire Wilds Milfield Parks
Seats won 233 182 83
Constituency vote 9,223,928 8,634,572 3,868,918
% vote 36.31% 34.01% 15.24%
Party vote 8,677,510 7,458,170 3,603,626
% vote 32.98% 29.40% 14.21%
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
  Aneurin Bevan (1943).jpg Churchill HU 90973.jpg 1st Earl of Woolton 1947.jpg
Leader Herbert Davies Austen Molyneux Edgar Harris
Party ESWI CP RR
Leader's seat Hartham Dockside Longwood Little Lewdine
(defeated)
Seats won 51 19 17
Constituency vote 1,199,034 1,046,615 269,275
% vote 4.72% 4.12% 1.06%
Party vote 2,190,359 1,173,543 932,417
% vote 8.63% 4.63% 3.68%
Chairperson before election

Wolfgar Godfredson
Non-partisan

Prime Minister after election

Laurence Montgomery
SPP

The 1938 Estmerish general election was held on 19 August 1938. It was the first nationwide general election to take place after the conclusion of the Great War, though it was preceded by the 1935 elections to the constitutional assembly. The newly reconstituted Chamber of Commons saw all 600 seats up for election. It was the first Estmerish election held under the new additional member system, which was semi-proportional and made it harder to attain a single-party majority.

Estmere was a changed country following the Great War. The occupation had strengthened national unity and broken down class barriers, two referendums in 1936 had abolished the monarchy and ended the union with Borland, and the country narrowly avoided revolution in the 1937 mutiny. The mutiny ensured that Estmere was a federation, and the constitutional assembly had ensured that elections would be run under a semi-proportional system. The political landscape had changed with the country. The two titans of pre-war politics - the Unionist Party and the Constitutionalist Party - were both seen to have been tainted by their failure to prepare Estmere for war. The Unionists saw many of their high-profile figures defect to other parties of the right, such as the Sotirian People's Party and the National Democratic Party. The Constitutionalists were in a stronger position, but had nevertheless lost their position as the main party of the left to the Socialist Party of Estmere, and struggled to define themselves in the post-war world.

In spite of the tumult of the time, the conduct of the election was tame. The centre-left Vincent Holmes and centre-right Laurence Montgomery were the main figures expected to become prime minister, and they had both served closely together in the Fighting Estmere government. Holmes and Montgomery had agreed to protect the newfound national unity by running positive campaigns and refusing to denigrate the other candidate or their party. In recognition of this, the majority of other mainstream parties followed suit and ran positive campaigns of their own; the only major exceptions were the far-left Estmerish Section of the Workers' International and the right-wing Rally of the Republic.

The Socialist Party came first in the overall vote, but centre and centre-right parties won a majority of the seats. This was partially due to a higher than average turnout in Arvorne and Roland, which leaned to the right. President Godfredson called on Montgomery to assemble a government. He formed a broad coalition led by his own Sotirian People's Party, including the National Democrats, the Constitutionalists and the remnants of the Unionists, with additional support from the independent liberals and conservatives.

Results

There were 25,387,102 valid ballots cast. Turnout was 79.34%, with 25,403,272 voters, up 3.7% on the elections to the constitutional assembly.

Estmere 1938 Election Parliament.svg
PartyConstituencyPartySeats
Votes%Votes%
Socialist Party of Estmere9,223,92836.348,365,78432.98233
Sotirian People's Party8,634,57234.017,458,17029.40182
National Democratic Party3,868,91815.243,603,62614.2183
Estmerish Section of the Workers' International1,199,0344.722,190,3598.6351
Constitutionalist Party1,046,6154.121,173,5434.6319
Rally of the Republic269,2751.06932,4173.6817
Radical Liberal Party312,4601.23670,7672.643
Independent Socialists144,7990.57331,5241.314
Independent Liberals335,3231.32326,6051.294
Independent Conservatives256,5731.01177,2860.702
Party of the Swathish55,8870.2284,8110.332
All other parties37,5050.1552,9220.21–
Total25,384,889100.0025,367,814100.00600
Valid votes25,384,88999.9325,367,81499.85
Invalid/blank votes18,3820.0737,5050.15
Total votes25,403,271100.0025,405,319100.00
Registered voters/turnout32,018,77779.3432,018,77779.35
Source: EBS News Archive
Popular party vote
SPE
 
 32.98%
SPP
 
 29.40%
NDP
 
 14.21%
ESWI
 
 8.63%
CP
 
 4.63%
RR
 
 3.68%
Others
 
 2.79%


Parliament seats
SPE
 
 38.83%
SPP
 
 30.33%
NDP
 
 13.83%
ESWI
 
 8.50%
CP
 
 3.17%
RR
 
 2.83%
Others
 
 2.5%
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