Premier of Werania: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
 
(33 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Infobox political post
{{Infobox political post
|post            = Federal Chancellor
|post            = Premier
|body            = the [[Werania|Weranian Confederation]]<br><small>Bundskanzler der Ostischen Bund</small>
|body            = the [[Werania|Weranian Confederation]]<br><small>Bundesministerpräsident der Ostischen Bund</small>
|insignia        =  
|insignia        = Werania Chancellor symbol.png
|insigniasize    =  
|insigniasize    = 250px
|insigniacaption =  
|insigniacaption =  
|department      =  
|department      =  
|reports_to      =  
|reports_to      =  
|image          = 2017-01-20 Horst Seehofer CSU 6527.JPG
|image          = Emmanuel Macron visit to the Quirinale 20211125 (8) (cropped).jpg
|imagesize      = 150px
|imagesize      = 150px
|incumbent      = [[Otto von Hößlin]]
|incumbent      = [[Anton Raicevich]]
|incumbentsince  = 28<sup>th</sup> June 2019
|incumbentsince  = 1<sup>st</sup> July 2022
|style           = Excellency
|style           = Excellency
|residence      = Palais Beinhoff, [[Westbrücken]], [[Werania]]
|residence      = Palais Beinhoff, [[Westbrücken]], [[Werania]]
|nominator      = [[Volkstag of Werania|Volkstag]]
|nominator      = [[House of Deputies (Werania)|House of Deputies]]
|nominatorpost  =  
|nominatorpost  =  
|appointer      = [[Bundespräsidium (Werania)|Holder of the Federal Presidency]]
|appointer      = [[Bundespräsidium (Werania)|Holder of the Federal Presidency]]
Line 23: Line 23:
|abolished      =  
|abolished      =  
|succession      =  
|succession      =  
|deputy          = [[Vice Chancellor of Werania|Vice Chancellor]]
|deputy          = [[Vice-Premier of Werania|Vice-Premier]]
|salary          = €200,000
|salary          = €200,000
|allegiance      =  
|allegiance      =  
Line 29: Line 29:
|website        =  
|website        =  
}}
}}
The '''Federal Chancellor of the Weranian Confederation''' ({{wp|German language|Weranian}}: '''Bundskanzler der Ostischen Bund''') has been the {{wp|head of government}} of the [[Werania]] since the unification of the confederation under the efforts of King Rudolf VI and Cislanian Minister-President [[Ulrich von Bayrhoffer]], who became the inaugural Chancellor. The Chancellor officially chairs the [[Government of Werania]], and since the 1940's has evolved from a first-amongst-equals to a more presidential office with the ultimate authority over executive affairs. The Chancellor is officially appointed by the monarch, who must appoint a candidate nominated by the Volkstag. The Volkstag must pass a vote of no confidence to remove a Chancellor.
{{Template:Politics of Werania}}
The '''Federal Premier of the Weranian Confederation''' ({{wp|German language|Weranian}}: '''Bundesministerpräsident der Ostischen Bund''') has been the {{wp|head of government}} of the [[Werania]] since the unification of the confederation under the efforts of King Rudolf VI and Cislanian Minister-President [[Ulrich von Bayrhoffer]], who became the inaugural premier. The premier officially chairs the [[Government of Werania]], and since the 1940's has evolved from a first-amongst-equals to a more presidential office with the ultimate authority over executive affairs. The premier is officially appointed by the monarch, who must appoint a candidate nominated by the Volkstag. The Volkstag must pass a vote of no confidence to remove a premier.


There has been 43 individuals who have been Chancellor. The current Chancellor is [[Otto von Hößlin]] who has served in the post since June 2019.  
There has been 44 individuals who have been premier, with six serving non-consecutive terms. The current premier is [[Anton Raicevich]] who has served in the post since July 2022.
==History==
==History==
The position of Federal Chancellor was created at the declaration of the Weranian Confederation in 1842. The structure of the Weranian government was based on the main state that drove unification, [[Cislania]], which had introduced a parliamentary form of government in 1814 with an elected [[Landtag of Cislania|Landtag]] and its own {{wp|head of government}}, the [[Minister-President of Cislania|Minister-President]] (''Ministerpräsident''). The Cislanian Minister-President of the time of unification, [[Ulrich von Bayrhoffer]], would serve as both the first federal Chancellor and Minister-President of Cislania during his term. The choice of using the term "''kanzler''" was chosen as it was the same of the highest ranked member of the imperial court (being responsible for finances) during the [[Rudolphine Confederation]], intended to link the new Weranian state to the confederation.
The position of Federal premier was created at the declaration of the Weranian Confederation in 1842. The structure of the Weranian government was based on the main state that drove unification, [[Cislania]], which had introduced a parliamentary form of government in 1821 with an elected [[Landtag of Cislania|Landtag]] and its own {{wp|head of government}}, the [[Minister-President of Cislania|Minister-President]] (''Ministerpräsident''). The Cislanian Minister-President of the time of unification, [[Ulrich von Bayrhoffer]], would serve as both the first federal premier and Minister-President of Cislania during his term.  
[[File:Metternich (c. 1835-40).jpg|thumb|150px|left|[[Ulrich von Bayrhoffer]], the inaugural and longest serving Chancellor.]]
The procedure for the appointment of the Chancellor and his powers was the same as the Cislanian Minister-President. The Chancellor was responsible only to the federal presidium (''Bundespräsidium'') whose holder was the Cislanian king, [[Rudolf VI of Werania|Rudolf VI]] and had to be a member of the legislature although a parliamentary majority was not needed. The [[Government of Werania|cabinet]] was officially presided over by the holder of the ''Bundespräsidium'' with the Chancellor being merely the most senior Cabinet minister; however under von Bayrhoffer it was a ''de facto'' position of power as von Bayrhoffer was more politically experienced and influential then Rudolf VI. Von Bayrhoffer would be the longest serving Chancellor serving for 13 years, 11 months and 7 days from 1842 to 1856.  


Following the [[War of the Triple Alliance]] and the dismissal of von Bayrhoffer the Chancellorship decline in importance. The succeeding Chancellors usually served short terms and were responsible entirely to Rudolf VI who became the main executive force in the country chairing cabinet meetings; Chancellors tended to preside over parliamentary majorities although remained subordinate to the monarchy. There were exceptions to this trend - most notable was Chancellor [[Lothar von Kuehnelt]] (1903-1913) who exercised stronger executive control over his government then any Chancellor since Bayrhoffers dismissal.
The procedure for the appointment of the premier and his powers was the same as the Cislanian Minister-President. The premier was responsible only to the federal presidium (''Bundespräsidium'') whose holder was the Cislanian king, [[Rudolf VI of Werania|Rudolf VI]] and had to be a member of the legislature although a parliamentary majority was not needed. The [[Government of Werania|cabinet]] was officially presided over by the holder of the ''Bundespräsidium'' with the premier being merely the most senior Cabinet minister. Following Rudolf VI's death and his replacement with his young son [[Adalbert of Werania|Adalbert]] the premier became the ''de facto'' position of power as von Bayrhoffer was considered more experienced and influential then the new monarch. Von Bayrhoffer would be the longest serving premier serving for 11 years, 8 months and 4 days over two terms from 1842-1849 and 1852-1856.  


The death of Rudolf VI in 1913 and the ascension of his son [[Leopold IV of Werania|Leopold IV]] saw a shift in the power of the Chancellor and the Bundestag in general. Leopold IV was less interventionist then his father and was more willing to allow the parliamentary majority to direct executive actions. Voting reforms in 1906 had also significantly expanded the suffrage and resulted in more {{wp|coalition government}}s; this made the position of ''{{Wp|formateur|regierungsbildner}}'' far more vital for the coordination of the government. The 1915 election saw the first non-aristocratic Chancellor, Sotirian democrat [[Erich Schätzle]] and in 1918 the first left-wing Chancellor [[Albrecht Küchenthal]] appointed. As a result the holder of the ''Bundespräsidium'' presided over cabinet increasingly less with the Chancellor chairing cabinet as a {{wp|first-among-equals}} with the legislature taking precedence over the executive due to the frequency of coalition governments. The proliferation of new political parties and extremist currents emerging as a result of the [[Great Collapse]] saw Weranian politics become sharply polarised; as a result the role of the Chancellor in mediating between political parties in government grew making it more a chairman of a collegial government then a powerful executive. All decisions in cabinet were decided by a majority vote.  
Following the [[War of the Triple Alliance]] and the second dismissal of von Bayrhoffer the premiership decline in importance. The succeeding premiers usually served short terms and were responsible entirely to Adalbert who became the main executive force in the country chairing cabinet meetings; premiers tended to preside over parliamentary majorities although remained subordinate to the monarchy. There were exceptions to this trend - most notable was premier [[Konrad von Höhnel]] (1892-1900) who exercised stronger executive control over his government then any premier since Bayrhoffers dismissal.


During the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]] the Chancellor was considered to be less influential then the holder of the ''Bundespräsidium'' and the Chief of Staff of the ''[[Reichswehr]]''. Although the political parties in the Bundestag agreed to support the government (the {{wp|burgfriedenspolitik}}) war policy was handled by the War Council that was chaired by Leopold IV, making the Chancellor less powerful as the executive. Four Chancellors served during the Great War - only the last of them, [[Otto Röttgen]], was considered to be particularly influential due to him also serving as Foreign Minister and playing a large role in determining plans for post-war [[Euclea]].  
The death of Adalbert in 1913 and the ascension of his son [[Leopold IV of Werania|Leopold IV]] saw a shift in the power of the premier and the Bundestag in general. Leopold IV was less interventionist then his father and was more willing to allow the parliamentary majority to direct executive actions. Voting reforms in 1906 had also significantly expanded the suffrage and resulted in more {{wp|coalition government}}s; this made the position of ''{{Wp|formateur|regierungsbildner}}'' far more vital for the coordination of the government. The 1915 election saw the first non-aristocratic premier, Sotirian democrat [[Erich Schätzle]] and in 1918 the first left-wing premier [[Albrecht Küchenthal]] appointed. As a result the holder of the ''Bundespräsidium'' presided over cabinet increasingly less with the premier chairing cabinet as a {{wp|first-among-equals}} with the legislature taking precedence over the executive due to the frequency of coalition governments. The proliferation of new political parties and extremist currents emerging as a result of the [[Great Collapse]] saw Weranian politics become sharply polarised; as a result the role of the premier in mediating between political parties in government grew making it more a chairman of a collegial government then a powerful executive. All decisions in cabinet were decided by a majority vote.  
[[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F048644-0030, Dortmund, SPD-Parteitag, Helmut Schmidt.jpg|thumb|[[Ludolf Ostermann]]'s 1979-1991 term is the longest of a democratically elected Chancellor.|200px]]
Following the Great War the Chancellor continued to be a weak figure as was the case prior to the war. Under [[Dietrich Nischwitz]] (1942-1944) and his successor Dr [[Franz Rössler]] (1944-1950) there was an attempt to increase the power of the Chancellor although this was largely unsuccessful. The trend towards a weaker Chancellor was confirmed after the [[Swetanian-Weranian War]] with the appointment of [[Viktor Beer-Hofmann]] as Chancellor who would be the last Chancellor to not come from the largest party in government. In 1953 a new law stipulated that the Chancellor could not be a serving member of the military.  


Despite the trend of coalition governments ending with the two decade single-party rule of the [[National Consolidation Party]] (NKP) from 1955 to 1979 the Chancellor continued to serve as a chairman of the government with the Chancellor changing frequently. The most influential Chancellor of the period, [[Johannes Zollitsch]] (1972-1977) would see the political process become more focused around the Chancellor with elections often becoming increasingly focused around the personality of leaders; however the institutional role of the Chancellor remained more limited. The election of the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|SRPO]]-[[Weranic Section of the Workers' International|OSAI]] government of [[Ludolf Ostermann]] saw the return to coalition governments. Ostermann would be the longest-serving Chancellor since von Bayrhoffer and the longest serving one democratically elected; his term would last 12 years, 1 month and 4 days from 1979 to 1991. Like Zollitsch whilst Ostermann was considered to be more powerful then previous Chancellors thanks to his use of the media, personal appeal to the public and strong party support the Chancellor's constitutional role remained lacking; decisions still were taken by the Cabinet rather then the Chancellor.  
During the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]] the premier was considered to be less influential then the holder of the ''Bundespräsidium'' and the Chief of Staff of the ''[[Reichswehr]]''. Although the political parties in the Bundestag agreed to support the government (the {{wp|burgfriedenspolitik|landsmann union}}) war policy was handled by the War Council that was chaired by Leopold IV, making the premier less powerful as the executive. Four premiers served during the Great War - only the last of them, [[Otto Röttgen]], was considered to be particularly influential due to him also serving as Foreign Minister and playing a large role in determining plans for post-war [[Euclea]].  


Ostermann's successor as Chancellor, [[Wolfgang Löscher]] (1991-1998), embarked on a institutional expansion of the powers of the Chancellor. A separate Chancellery Office was created in 1992 in order to better support the Chancellor whilst the old law requiring the Cabinet to vote on executive decisions was abolished with only major defence, foreign policy and financial issues requiring a compulsory cabinet vote allowing the Chancellor much stronger free reign in determining policy. A final expansion of Chancellor powers was to require every law to be co-signed by the Chancellor in order to pass - previously this was done solely by the holder of the ''Bundespräsidium''. This made the Chancellor both the ''{{wp|de facto}}'' and ''{{wp|de jure}}'' co-chief executive alongside the holder of the ''Bundespräsidium''.
Following the Great War the premier continued to be a weak figure as was the case prior to the war. Under [[Dietrich Nischwitz]] (1942-1944) and his successor Dr [[Franz Rössler]] (1944-1950) there was an attempt to increase the power of the premier although this was largely unsuccessful. The trend towards a weaker premier was confirmed after the [[Kirenian-Weranian War]] with the appointment of [[Viktor Beer-Hofmann]] as premier who would be the last premier to not come from the largest party in government. In 1953 a new law stipulated that the premier could not be a serving member of the military.
 
Despite the trend of coalition governments ending with the two decade single-party rule of the [[National Consolidation Party]] (NKP) from 1955 to 1983 the premier continued to serve as a chairman of the government with the premier changing frequently. This was because the NKP's leader who always sat as premier was limited to two three year terms and often only served one of these. The most influential premier of the period, [[Johannes Zollitsch]] (1972-1978) would see the political process become more focused around the premier with elections often becoming increasingly focused around the personality of leaders; however the institutional role of the premier remained more limited. The election of the [[Social Democratic Radical Party of Werania|SRPO]]-[[Weranic Section of the Workers' International|OSAI]] government of [[Ludolf Ostermann]] saw the return to coalition governments. Like Zollitsch whilst Ostermann was considered to be more powerful then previous premiers thanks to his use of the media, personal appeal to the public and strong party support the premier's constitutional role remained lacking; decisions still were taken by the Cabinet rather then the premier.
 
Ostermann's successor as premier, [[Wolfgang Löscher]] (1991-1998), embarked on a institutional expansion of the powers of the premier. A separate Chancellery Office was created in 1992 in order to better support the premier whilst the old law requiring the Cabinet to vote on executive decisions was abolished with only major defence, foreign policy and financial issues requiring a compulsory cabinet vote allowing the premier much stronger free reign in determining policy. A final expansion of premier powers was to require every law to be co-signed by the premier in order to pass - previously this was done solely by the holder of the ''Bundespräsidium''. This made the premier both the ''{{wp|de facto}}'' and ''{{wp|de jure}}'' co-chief executive alongside the holder of the ''Bundespräsidium''.
 
The expansion of premier's powers under Löscher has been maintained by subsequent administrations who have generally ensured that a large amount of government decisions remain centralised in the premier's hands at the expense of the legislature. As a result Werania is now considered to be a "chancellor democracy" (''Kanzlerdemokratie'') with the premier being considered to be more of a presidential figure then in times past. The first female premier was [[Rasa Šimonytė]] whose 1999-2009 term of 10 years, 1 month and 24 days is the longest term of any Weranian premier.


The expansion of Chancellor's powers under Löscher has been maintained by subsequent administrations who have generally ensured that a large amount of government decisions remain centralised in the Chancellor's hands at the expense of the legislature. As a result Werania is now considered to be a "chancellor democracy" (''Kanzlerdemokratie'') with the Chancellor being considered to be more of a presidential figure then in times past.
==Powers and duties==
==Powers and duties==
[[File:8642 3 4ri-Bay-Staatskanzlei-Kabinettssaal.jpg|thumb|The meeting room of the [[Government of Werania|cabinet]].|250px]]
[[File:8642 3 4ri-Bay-Staatskanzlei-Kabinettssaal.jpg|thumb|The meeting room of the [[Government of Werania|cabinet]].|250px]]
The Chancellor is recognised by the constitution as the head of the [[Government of Werania|executive government]] of Werania, supervising the operation of the cabinet. The Chancellor's executive functions include chairing cabinet meetings and appointing members of the cabinet having the power to also dismiss them. The Chancellor's legislative roles include presenting bills to the Bundestag, advising the head of state to dissolve the Volkstag and cosigning legislation in order to allow it to pass alongside the Federal Presidency.  
The premier is recognised by the constitution as the head of the [[Government of Werania|executive government]] of Werania, supervising the operation of the cabinet. The premier's executive functions include chairing cabinet meetings and appointing members of the cabinet having the power to also dismiss them. The premier's legislative roles include presenting bills to the Bundestag, advising the head of state to dissolve the Volkstag and cosigning legislation in order to allow it to pass alongside the Federal Presidency.  


The Chancellor is considered to be the ''de facto'' chief executive which is partially reflected ''de jure''. As the Chancellor has to co-sign legislation in order for it to pass they have equal executive power to the Federal Presidency, who since 1992 can only take executive action from the advice of ministers. However the Federal Presidency still is the {{wp|commander-in-chief}}.  
The premier is considered to be the ''de facto'' chief executive which is partially reflected ''de jure''. As the premier has to co-sign legislation in order for it to pass they have equal executive power to the Federal Presidency, who since 1992 can only take executive action from the advice of ministers. However the Federal Presidency still is the {{wp|commander-in-chief}}.  
==Qualifications==
==Qualifications==
The qualifications for the Chancellor are laid out in the constitution;  
The qualifications for the premier are laid out in the constitution;  
*Must be a deputy in either the Bundestag (this in of itself requires Werania nationality, permanent residence in Werania for over 20 years, be over the age of 21).  
*Must be a deputy in either the Bundestag (this in of itself requires Werania nationality, permanent residence in Werania for over 20 years, be over the age of 21).  
*Be of good moral conduct (i.e have no record of a {{Wp|felony}} or not currently under investigation).
*Be of good moral conduct (i.e have no record of a {{Wp|felony}} or not currently under investigation).
*Since a 1953 constitutional amendment Chancellors must not be currently serving in the military (although former members of the military may serve as Chancellor).  
*Since a 1953 constitutional amendment premiers must not be currently serving in the military (although former members of the military may serve as premier).  
==Selection process==
==Selection process==
Following the resignation or removal of a cabinet the monarch of Werania assigns a ''{{wp|formateur|regierungsbildner}}'' who is considered to be the most likely candidate to lead a new cabinet. The ''regierungsbildner'' is then nominated by the [[Volkstag]] to lead a cabinet with a simple-majority ballot being conducted to see if they and their cabinet can command the confidence of the Volkstag. The Chancellor must sit in either of the two houses of the [[Bundestag of Werania|Bundestag]] in order to be nominated - however since the assassination of Chancellor [[Dietrich Nischwitz]] in 1944 all Chancellors have emerged from the Volkstag rather then the [[Herrstag]]. Since the 1950's the ''regierungsbildner'' and thus the Chancellor has always come from the majority party in the Volkstag or the senior party in the governing coalition.  
Following the resignation or removal of a cabinet the monarch of Werania assigns a ''{{wp|formateur|regierungsbildner}}'' who is considered to be the most likely candidate to lead a new cabinet. The ''regierungsbildner'' is then nominated by the [[Volkstag]] to lead a cabinet with a simple-majority ballot being conducted to see if they and their cabinet can command the confidence of the Volkstag. The premier must sit in either of the two houses of the [[Bundestag of Werania|Bundestag]] in order to be nominated - however since the assassination of premier [[Dietrich Nischwitz]] in 1944 all premiers have emerged from the Volkstag rather then the [[Herrstag]]. Since the 1950's the ''regierungsbildner'' and thus the premier has always come from the majority party in the Volkstag or the senior party in the governing coalition.
 
Once the premier's candidacy is approved by a majority of Volkstag deputies it is referred to the Herrstag who also by a simple majority must approve of the premier. After that it is presented to the monarch to formally approves of the candidacy. If either the Herrstag or monarch rejects the nomination from the Volkstag the rejecting party and Volkstag are given a month to come to a consensus - ultimately however if no consensus is reached the Volkstag's nomination automatically becomes premier. This occurred in 1918 when the monarch [[Leopold IV of Werania|Leopold IV]] refused to approve of [[Albrecht Küchenthal]] as premier; after a month of deadlock outgoing premier [[Erich Schätzle]] convinced Leopold to accept the Volkstag's choice of premier without approving it himself. This occurred again in 1998 when the Herrstag rejected [[Heinrich Schuberth]] as premier but the Volkstag prevailed.


Once the Chancellor's candidacy is approved by a majority of Volkstag deputies it is referred to the Herrstag who also by a simple majority must approve of the Chancellor. After that it is presented to the monarch to formally approves of the candidacy. If either the Herrstag or monarch rejects the nomination from the Volkstag the rejecting party and Volkstag are given a month to come to a consensus - ultimately however if no consensus is reached the Volkstag's nomination automatically becomes Chancellor. This occurred in 1918 when the monarch [[Leopold IV of Werania|Leopold IV]] refused to approve of [[Albrecht Küchenthal]] as Chancellor; after a month of deadlock outgoing Chancellor [[Erich Schätzle]] convinced Leopold to accept the Volkstag's choice of Chancellor without approving it himself. This occurred again in 1998 when the Herrstag rejected [[Heinrich Schuberth]] as Chancellor but the Volkstag prevailed.
The premier can only be removed through presenting the resignation of their cabinet to the monarch or losing a {{Wp|vote of no confidence}} in the Volkstag. The premier cannot be individually removed; votes of confidence are applied to the entire cabinet and must be taken against them. In the role of an immediate vacancy of the premier the vice-chancellor automatically takes the role in a {{wp|caretaker cabinet}}; however in the vice-chancellery is also vacant the monarch may appoint a sitting Volkstag member to serve as a caretaker until the Volkstag nominates a candidate for premier. This has only occurred once in 1950 after the entire cabinet of premier [[Franz Rössler]] resigned; the monarch as a result appointed [[Johannes von Günther]] to serve in a caretaker capacity with von Günther's cabinet lasting a mere two months. Usually if a premier resigns or is removed from office they and their cabinet continue to serve in a caretaker role until a new cabinet is sworn in.


The Chancellor can only be removed through an impeachment, presenting the resignation of their cabinet to the monarch or losing a {{Wp|vote of no confidence}} in the Volkstag. In the role of an immediate vacancy of the Chancellor the vice-chancellor automatically takes the role in a {{wp|caretaker cabinet}}; however in the vice-chancellery is also vacant the monarch may appoint a sitting Volkstag member to serve as a caretaker until the Volkstag nominates a candidate for Chancellor. This has only occurred once in 1950 after the entire cabinet of Chancellor [[Franz Rössler]] resigned; the monarch as a result appointed [[Johannes von Günther]] to serve in a caretaker capacity with von Günther's cabinet lasting a mere two months. Usually if a Chancellor resigns or is removed from office they and their cabinet continue to serve in a caretaker role until a new cabinet is sworn in.
==Amenities==
==Amenities==
===Residence===
===Residence===
<gallery class="center">
<gallery class="center">
File:Staatskanzlei, München.jpg|The Palais Beinhoff in [[Westbrücken]], the official residence of the Chancellor.  
File:Staatskanzlei, München.jpg|The Palais Beinhoff in [[Westbrücken]], the official residence of the premier.  
File:Schloss Monrepos 1.jpg|The Mariendam Schloss in [[Cislania]], the country residence of the Chancellor.  
File:2012-04-08 Bonn Palais Schaumburg Rückansicht.jpeg|The Mariendam Schloss in [[Cislania]], the country residence of the premier.
File:Muearcisstr12d13052016c90.jpg|The Adalberthaus in [[Westbrücken]], the ''de facto'' residence from 1930-1972.
</gallery>  
</gallery>  
The Chancellor is entitled to two official residences; the Palais Beinhoff in [[Westbrücken]] and the Mariendam {{wp|Schloss}} in [[Cislania]]. The Palais Beinhoff serves as the residency of the Chancellor as well as the meeting place of the Federal Cabinet and other senior government functions. The Palais Beinhoff as such is considered to be the heart of the Weranian government with the term "Beinhoff" often being a shorthand for the Weranian government.  
The premier is entitled to two official residences; the Palais Beinhoff in [[Westbrücken]] and the Mariendam {{wp|Schloss}} in [[Cislania]]. The Palais Beinhoff serves as the residency of the premier as well as the meeting place of the Federal Cabinet and other senior government functions. The Palais Beinhoff as such is considered to be the heart of the Weranian government with the term "Beinhoff" often being a shorthand for the Weranian government.
 
The Beinhoff was partially destroyed during the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]] leading to government operations to be partially moved to the Adalberthaus, a more modern construction completed prior to the Great War. The Adalberthaus served as the ''de facto'' cabinet meeting place and residence of the premier from 1930 onwards although legally the premier's official residence was still the Beinhoff. Starting in 1967 the Weranian government began renovating the Beinhoff completing the process in 1972. Since then the Adalberthaus has mainly been used for lesser governmental work and no longer serves as a residence.
 
The Mariendam Schloss has been used the country residence of the premier since 1911 when it was purchased for such a purpose by the federal government. Previously the premiers came from the aristocracy and often owned their own property they used as their own country residence; in 1911 it was decided that the federal government would purchase its own property for that purpose. The Mariendam Schloss often serves as an informal meeting place for politicians, foreign leaders and businessmen throughout the year.


The Mariendam Schloss has been used the country residence of the Chancellor since 1911 when it was purchased for such a purpose by the federal government. Previously the Chancellors came from the aristocracy and often owned their own property they used as their own country residence; in 1911 it was decided that the federal government would purchase its own property for that purpose. The Mariendam Schloss often serves as an informal meeting place for politicians, foreign leaders and businessmen throughout the year.
===Salary===
===Salary===
The Chancellor has an annual salary of €200,000. The Chancellors salary is determined a the Volkstag committee that oversees all ministerial salaries every year. The amount was voluntarily lowered from €250,000 to €200,000 in 2012 by Chancellor Ellis Koopmann having remained that value since.  
The premier has an annual salary of €200,000. The premiers salary is determined a the Volkstag committee that oversees all ministerial salaries every year. The amount was voluntarily lowered from €250,000 to €200,000 in 2012 by premier Emilia Koopmann having remained that value since.  
==List==
==List==
{{main|List of chancellors of Werania}}
{{main|List of premiers of Werania}}
==Living former Chancellors==
==Living former premiers==
As of 2020 there are six living former Chancellors. The last Chancellor to die was [[Ludolf Ostermann]] in 2016, who served as Chancellor from 1979 to 1991.  
As of 2022 there are eight living former premiers. The last premier to die was [[Renatas Vinkauskas]] in 2017, who served as premier from 1980 to 1984.  
<gallery class="center">
<gallery class="center">
File:Helmut Schmidt Bundeskanzler - Moscow 11 dec 2013 (cropped).jpg|[[Ludolf Ostermann]]<br>served 1984-1992<br>born 1927 (age {{age|1927|11|14}})
File:Gerhard Schröder profile 2014.jpg|[[Wolfgang Löscher]]<br>served 1991-1998<br>born 1942 (age {{age|1942|09|14}})
File:Gerhard Schröder profile 2014.jpg|[[Wolfgang Löscher]]<br>served 1991-1998<br>born 1942 (age {{age|1942|09|14}})
File:Viktor Klima (cropped 1).jpg|[[Heinrich Schuberth]]<br>served 1998-1999<br>born 1945 (age {{age|1945|06|27}})
File:Angela Merkel June 2017.jpg|[[Rasa Šimonytė]]<br>served 1999-2009<br>born 1952 (age {{age|1952|06|24}})
File:Angela Merkel June 2017.jpg|[[Rasa Šimonytė]]<br>served 1999-2009<br>born 1954 (age {{age|1954|06|24}})
File:Christian Wulff 2014.jpg|[[Dietrich Wittmann]]<br>served 2009-2011<br>born 1958 (age {{age|1958|12|14}})
File:Joachim Gauck (2014).jpg|[[Dietrich Wittmann]]<br>served 2009-2011<br>born 1939 (age {{age|1939|12|14}})
File:Mari Kiviniemi A4.jpeg|[[Emilia Koopmann]]<br />served 2011-2014<br />born 1968 (age {{age|1968|10|22}})
File:Mari Kiviniemi A4.jpeg|[[Ellis Koopmann]]<br />served 2011-2014<br />born 1965 (age {{age|1965|10|22}})
File:2015-12 Werner Faymann SPD Bundesparteitag by Olaf Kosinsky-26 (cropped).jpg|[[Viktor Oberhauser]]<br />served 2014-2018<br />born 1959 (age {{age|1959|10|20}})
File:2015-12 Werner Faymann SPD Bundesparteitag by Olaf Kosinsky-26 (cropped).jpg|[[Viktor Oberhauser]]<br />served 2014-2019<br />born 1962 (age {{age|1962|10|20}})
File:2017-06-25 Martin Schulz by Olaf Kosinsky-73 (cropped).jpg|[[Josef Felder]]<br />served 2018-2019</br>born 1955 (age {{age|1955|07|12}})
File:Horst Seehofer.jpg|[[Otto von Hößlin]]<br />served 2019-2022</br>born 1952 (age {{age|1952|6|24}})
</gallery>
</gallery>
{{Template:Premiers of Werania}}
{{Template:Werania}}
[[Category:Werania]]
[[Category:Werania]]

Latest revision as of 09:00, 29 May 2023

Premier of the Weranian Confederation
Bundesministerpräsident der Ostischen Bund
Werania Chancellor symbol.png
Emmanuel Macron visit to the Quirinale 20211125 (8) (cropped).jpg
Incumbent
Anton Raicevich
since 1st July 2022
ResidencePalais Beinhoff, Westbrücken, Werania
NominatorHouse of Deputies
AppointerHolder of the Federal Presidency
Term lengthNo fixed term.
Remains in office whilst commanding the confidence of the Bundestag.
Inaugural holderUlrich von Bayrhoffer
Formation17th March 1842
DeputyVice-Premier
Salary€200,000
Werania
Werania Coat of Arms mid.png
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Werania
Werania
Federal Presidency
Royal standard Werania.jpg
Legislature
Parliament of Werania logo.png

2021 HoD.svg 2021 HoC.svg

Executive
Werania Chancellor symbol.png

Werania government.png

Judiciary
Administrative divisions
Elections
Political parties
NKP logo modern.png EO logo small.png Green left logo.png Democratic Alternative.png SDAPOe logo.svg
Foreign relations
 Werania

The Federal Premier of the Weranian Confederation (Weranian: Bundesministerpräsident der Ostischen Bund) has been the head of government of the Werania since the unification of the confederation under the efforts of King Rudolf VI and Cislanian Minister-President Ulrich von Bayrhoffer, who became the inaugural premier. The premier officially chairs the Government of Werania, and since the 1940's has evolved from a first-amongst-equals to a more presidential office with the ultimate authority over executive affairs. The premier is officially appointed by the monarch, who must appoint a candidate nominated by the Volkstag. The Volkstag must pass a vote of no confidence to remove a premier.

There has been 44 individuals who have been premier, with six serving non-consecutive terms. The current premier is Anton Raicevich who has served in the post since July 2022.

History

The position of Federal premier was created at the declaration of the Weranian Confederation in 1842. The structure of the Weranian government was based on the main state that drove unification, Cislania, which had introduced a parliamentary form of government in 1821 with an elected Landtag and its own head of government, the Minister-President (Ministerpräsident). The Cislanian Minister-President of the time of unification, Ulrich von Bayrhoffer, would serve as both the first federal premier and Minister-President of Cislania during his term.

The procedure for the appointment of the premier and his powers was the same as the Cislanian Minister-President. The premier was responsible only to the federal presidium (Bundespräsidium) whose holder was the Cislanian king, Rudolf VI and had to be a member of the legislature although a parliamentary majority was not needed. The cabinet was officially presided over by the holder of the Bundespräsidium with the premier being merely the most senior Cabinet minister. Following Rudolf VI's death and his replacement with his young son Adalbert the premier became the de facto position of power as von Bayrhoffer was considered more experienced and influential then the new monarch. Von Bayrhoffer would be the longest serving premier serving for 11 years, 8 months and 4 days over two terms from 1842-1849 and 1852-1856.

Following the War of the Triple Alliance and the second dismissal of von Bayrhoffer the premiership decline in importance. The succeeding premiers usually served short terms and were responsible entirely to Adalbert who became the main executive force in the country chairing cabinet meetings; premiers tended to preside over parliamentary majorities although remained subordinate to the monarchy. There were exceptions to this trend - most notable was premier Konrad von Höhnel (1892-1900) who exercised stronger executive control over his government then any premier since Bayrhoffers dismissal.

The death of Adalbert in 1913 and the ascension of his son Leopold IV saw a shift in the power of the premier and the Bundestag in general. Leopold IV was less interventionist then his father and was more willing to allow the parliamentary majority to direct executive actions. Voting reforms in 1906 had also significantly expanded the suffrage and resulted in more coalition governments; this made the position of regierungsbildner far more vital for the coordination of the government. The 1915 election saw the first non-aristocratic premier, Sotirian democrat Erich Schätzle and in 1918 the first left-wing premier Albrecht Küchenthal appointed. As a result the holder of the Bundespräsidium presided over cabinet increasingly less with the premier chairing cabinet as a first-among-equals with the legislature taking precedence over the executive due to the frequency of coalition governments. The proliferation of new political parties and extremist currents emerging as a result of the Great Collapse saw Weranian politics become sharply polarised; as a result the role of the premier in mediating between political parties in government grew making it more a chairman of a collegial government then a powerful executive. All decisions in cabinet were decided by a majority vote.

During the Great War the premier was considered to be less influential then the holder of the Bundespräsidium and the Chief of Staff of the Reichswehr. Although the political parties in the Bundestag agreed to support the government (the landsmann union) war policy was handled by the War Council that was chaired by Leopold IV, making the premier less powerful as the executive. Four premiers served during the Great War - only the last of them, Otto Röttgen, was considered to be particularly influential due to him also serving as Foreign Minister and playing a large role in determining plans for post-war Euclea.

Following the Great War the premier continued to be a weak figure as was the case prior to the war. Under Dietrich Nischwitz (1942-1944) and his successor Dr Franz Rössler (1944-1950) there was an attempt to increase the power of the premier although this was largely unsuccessful. The trend towards a weaker premier was confirmed after the Kirenian-Weranian War with the appointment of Viktor Beer-Hofmann as premier who would be the last premier to not come from the largest party in government. In 1953 a new law stipulated that the premier could not be a serving member of the military.

Despite the trend of coalition governments ending with the two decade single-party rule of the National Consolidation Party (NKP) from 1955 to 1983 the premier continued to serve as a chairman of the government with the premier changing frequently. This was because the NKP's leader who always sat as premier was limited to two three year terms and often only served one of these. The most influential premier of the period, Johannes Zollitsch (1972-1978) would see the political process become more focused around the premier with elections often becoming increasingly focused around the personality of leaders; however the institutional role of the premier remained more limited. The election of the SRPO-OSAI government of Ludolf Ostermann saw the return to coalition governments. Like Zollitsch whilst Ostermann was considered to be more powerful then previous premiers thanks to his use of the media, personal appeal to the public and strong party support the premier's constitutional role remained lacking; decisions still were taken by the Cabinet rather then the premier.

Ostermann's successor as premier, Wolfgang Löscher (1991-1998), embarked on a institutional expansion of the powers of the premier. A separate Chancellery Office was created in 1992 in order to better support the premier whilst the old law requiring the Cabinet to vote on executive decisions was abolished with only major defence, foreign policy and financial issues requiring a compulsory cabinet vote allowing the premier much stronger free reign in determining policy. A final expansion of premier powers was to require every law to be co-signed by the premier in order to pass - previously this was done solely by the holder of the Bundespräsidium. This made the premier both the de facto and de jure co-chief executive alongside the holder of the Bundespräsidium.

The expansion of premier's powers under Löscher has been maintained by subsequent administrations who have generally ensured that a large amount of government decisions remain centralised in the premier's hands at the expense of the legislature. As a result Werania is now considered to be a "chancellor democracy" (Kanzlerdemokratie) with the premier being considered to be more of a presidential figure then in times past. The first female premier was Rasa Šimonytė whose 1999-2009 term of 10 years, 1 month and 24 days is the longest term of any Weranian premier.

Powers and duties

The meeting room of the cabinet.

The premier is recognised by the constitution as the head of the executive government of Werania, supervising the operation of the cabinet. The premier's executive functions include chairing cabinet meetings and appointing members of the cabinet having the power to also dismiss them. The premier's legislative roles include presenting bills to the Bundestag, advising the head of state to dissolve the Volkstag and cosigning legislation in order to allow it to pass alongside the Federal Presidency.

The premier is considered to be the de facto chief executive which is partially reflected de jure. As the premier has to co-sign legislation in order for it to pass they have equal executive power to the Federal Presidency, who since 1992 can only take executive action from the advice of ministers. However the Federal Presidency still is the commander-in-chief.

Qualifications

The qualifications for the premier are laid out in the constitution;

  • Must be a deputy in either the Bundestag (this in of itself requires Werania nationality, permanent residence in Werania for over 20 years, be over the age of 21).
  • Be of good moral conduct (i.e have no record of a felony or not currently under investigation).
  • Since a 1953 constitutional amendment premiers must not be currently serving in the military (although former members of the military may serve as premier).

Selection process

Following the resignation or removal of a cabinet the monarch of Werania assigns a regierungsbildner who is considered to be the most likely candidate to lead a new cabinet. The regierungsbildner is then nominated by the Volkstag to lead a cabinet with a simple-majority ballot being conducted to see if they and their cabinet can command the confidence of the Volkstag. The premier must sit in either of the two houses of the Bundestag in order to be nominated - however since the assassination of premier Dietrich Nischwitz in 1944 all premiers have emerged from the Volkstag rather then the Herrstag. Since the 1950's the regierungsbildner and thus the premier has always come from the majority party in the Volkstag or the senior party in the governing coalition.

Once the premier's candidacy is approved by a majority of Volkstag deputies it is referred to the Herrstag who also by a simple majority must approve of the premier. After that it is presented to the monarch to formally approves of the candidacy. If either the Herrstag or monarch rejects the nomination from the Volkstag the rejecting party and Volkstag are given a month to come to a consensus - ultimately however if no consensus is reached the Volkstag's nomination automatically becomes premier. This occurred in 1918 when the monarch Leopold IV refused to approve of Albrecht Küchenthal as premier; after a month of deadlock outgoing premier Erich Schätzle convinced Leopold to accept the Volkstag's choice of premier without approving it himself. This occurred again in 1998 when the Herrstag rejected Heinrich Schuberth as premier but the Volkstag prevailed.

The premier can only be removed through presenting the resignation of their cabinet to the monarch or losing a vote of no confidence in the Volkstag. The premier cannot be individually removed; votes of confidence are applied to the entire cabinet and must be taken against them. In the role of an immediate vacancy of the premier the vice-chancellor automatically takes the role in a caretaker cabinet; however in the vice-chancellery is also vacant the monarch may appoint a sitting Volkstag member to serve as a caretaker until the Volkstag nominates a candidate for premier. This has only occurred once in 1950 after the entire cabinet of premier Franz Rössler resigned; the monarch as a result appointed Johannes von Günther to serve in a caretaker capacity with von Günther's cabinet lasting a mere two months. Usually if a premier resigns or is removed from office they and their cabinet continue to serve in a caretaker role until a new cabinet is sworn in.

Amenities

Residence

  • The Palais Beinhoff in Westbrücken, the official residence of the premier.

    The Palais Beinhoff in Westbrücken, the official residence of the premier.

  • The Mariendam Schloss in Cislania, the country residence of the premier.

    The Mariendam Schloss in Cislania, the country residence of the premier.

  • The Adalberthaus in Westbrücken, the de facto residence from 1930-1972.

    The Adalberthaus in Westbrücken, the de facto residence from 1930-1972.

The premier is entitled to two official residences; the Palais Beinhoff in Westbrücken and the Mariendam Schloss in Cislania. The Palais Beinhoff serves as the residency of the premier as well as the meeting place of the Federal Cabinet and other senior government functions. The Palais Beinhoff as such is considered to be the heart of the Weranian government with the term "Beinhoff" often being a shorthand for the Weranian government.

The Beinhoff was partially destroyed during the Great War leading to government operations to be partially moved to the Adalberthaus, a more modern construction completed prior to the Great War. The Adalberthaus served as the de facto cabinet meeting place and residence of the premier from 1930 onwards although legally the premier's official residence was still the Beinhoff. Starting in 1967 the Weranian government began renovating the Beinhoff completing the process in 1972. Since then the Adalberthaus has mainly been used for lesser governmental work and no longer serves as a residence.

The Mariendam Schloss has been used the country residence of the premier since 1911 when it was purchased for such a purpose by the federal government. Previously the premiers came from the aristocracy and often owned their own property they used as their own country residence; in 1911 it was decided that the federal government would purchase its own property for that purpose. The Mariendam Schloss often serves as an informal meeting place for politicians, foreign leaders and businessmen throughout the year.

Salary

The premier has an annual salary of €200,000. The premiers salary is determined a the Volkstag committee that oversees all ministerial salaries every year. The amount was voluntarily lowered from €250,000 to €200,000 in 2012 by premier Emilia Koopmann having remained that value since.

List

Main article: List of premiers of Werania

Living former premiers

As of 2022 there are eight living former premiers. The last premier to die was Renatas Vinkauskas in 2017, who served as premier from 1980 to 1984.

Retrieved from "https://iiwiki.us/mediawiki/index.php?title=Premier_of_Werania&oldid=663751"