Sivathra: Difference between revisions
| Line 146: | Line 146: | ||
Although historians agree in 1720s as a frame date to introduce [[Euclea|Euclean]] contact in Sivathra and the rest of the [[Satria|Satrian region]], there are records that show earlier contact between northern Sivathran petty kingdoms and Euclean merchants. With the start of the 18th century, several commercial companies from Euclea had established ports on the coast and, motivated by their particular interests on the commerce of spices and tea, conflicts emerged for the control of further land. In 1728, the territory was visited by [[Sir Arthur Billinghurst]], an [[Estmere|Estmerish merchant]] and member of the [[Estmerish West Satria Company]]; Sir Arthur was the first to envision Estmerish dominance in the area and proposed the complete takeover of Mangalore taking advantage of the pre-existing weaknesses of local authorities and the permanent conflicts between Eucleans. However, his idea was going to be reduced to the rule of the Estmerish West Satria Company, of which he was going to be responsible in Sivathra during its first years. By 1730, the colonial company had already owned a large portion of the commerce of tea and spices and was already owner of three factories in different areas. | Although historians agree in 1720s as a frame date to introduce [[Euclea|Euclean]] contact in Sivathra and the rest of the [[Satria|Satrian region]], there are records that show earlier contact between northern Sivathran petty kingdoms and Euclean merchants. With the start of the 18th century, several commercial companies from Euclea had established ports on the coast and, motivated by their particular interests on the commerce of spices and tea, conflicts emerged for the control of further land. In 1728, the territory was visited by [[Sir Arthur Billinghurst]], an [[Estmere|Estmerish merchant]] and member of the [[Estmerish West Satria Company]]; Sir Arthur was the first to envision Estmerish dominance in the area and proposed the complete takeover of Mangalore taking advantage of the pre-existing weaknesses of local authorities and the permanent conflicts between Eucleans. However, his idea was going to be reduced to the rule of the Estmerish West Satria Company, of which he was going to be responsible in Sivathra during its first years. By 1730, the colonial company had already owned a large portion of the commerce of tea and spices and was already owner of three factories in different areas. | ||
[[File: | [[File:St Paul's Cathedral in Calcutta in 1865.jpg|230px|thumb|left|Scene in Canning Creek, Mangalore, somewhere in the 1860s.]] | ||
The lack of modern defensive methods and fragmented structures, pushed native Sivathran powers to retaliation. What was more, the company's hegemony took the Sivathran elites to sign treaties in exchange of limited autonomy, which was later reduced to a complete colonial control of the territory in practive and the gradual disappearance of local authorities. As the colonial rule expanded throughout the borders of today's Sivathra, infrastructure made development expand from the cities to small towns serving as ports and to the countryside, that happened to be more connected by the existence of the railway. However, problems raised as the company's rule distanced itself from Chadwell's control; with the pass of the time, corruption was made more visible and the rule of the company was centred in the welfare of an extremely reduced Euclean elite. The grow of general social discontent and the lack of basic humane conditions continued until the 1827 Incident of the Port, where a protest for a reduction of taxes was shot down by the company's forces with he use of violence, resulting in multiple deaths and the continuation of protests for reforms sparkling across the country. | The lack of modern defensive methods and fragmented structures, pushed native Sivathran powers to retaliation. What was more, the company's hegemony took the Sivathran elites to sign treaties in exchange of limited autonomy, which was later reduced to a complete colonial control of the territory in practive and the gradual disappearance of local authorities. As the colonial rule expanded throughout the borders of today's Sivathra, infrastructure made development expand from the cities to small towns serving as ports and to the countryside, that happened to be more connected by the existence of the railway. However, problems raised as the company's rule distanced itself from Chadwell's control; with the pass of the time, corruption was made more visible and the rule of the company was centred in the welfare of an extremely reduced Euclean elite. The grow of general social discontent and the lack of basic humane conditions continued until the 1827 Incident of the Port, where a protest for a reduction of taxes was shot down by the company's forces with he use of violence, resulting in multiple deaths and the continuation of protests for reforms sparkling across the country. | ||
Revision as of 03:44, 14 November 2020
Commonwealth of Sivathra Śivatrada Kāmanvelt ಶಿವತ್ರದ ಕಾಮನ್ವೆಲ್ತ್ | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 Coat of arms
| |
| Motto: "Ut Prosit Omnibus Conjuncti" (Solarian) "United for the Common Good" | |
 Sivathra (dark blue) located within Coius (light blue). | |
| Capital and | Mangalore |
| Official languages | Sivathran Estmerish |
| Demonym(s) | Sivathran |
| Government | Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic |
| Sridhar Risheeven | |
| Divya Brahmin | |
| Legislature | Parliament of Sivathra |
| Independence from Estmere | |
• Self-governance | 1 November 1936 |
• Current constitution | 1 January 1990 |
| Population | |
• 2020 estimate | 22,340,847 |
• 2017 census | 20,210,341 |
| GDP (PPP) | 2019 estimate |
• Total | $430,682,366,710 |
• Per capita | $21,310 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2019 estimate |
• Total | $198,869,755,440 |
• Per capita | $9,840 |
| Gini (2019) | 34.1 medium |
| HDI (2019) |  0.801very high |
| Currency | Rupee (₹) (RPS) |
| Driving side | left |
| Calling code | +82 |
| ISO 3166 code | SIA |
| Internet TLD | .sv |
Sivathra (Sivathran: ಶಿವತ್ರ; romanised: Śivatra), officially the Commonwealth of Sivathra (Sivathran: ಶಿವತ್ರದ ಕಾಮನ್ವೆಲ್; romanised: Śivatrada Kāmanvelt), is a sovereign nation located in Satria. It is bordered on the east solely by Subarna, although it shares maritime borders with Baekjeong and Senria on the Bay of Bashurat. Its capital Mangalore is where the majority of the population is concentrated.
The Sivathran territory has been continuously inhabited for centuries, with findings evidencing the first settlements around 4,500 BCE; prior to this time, farming and an initial domestication of cattle is documented together with initial migrations from other Satrian regions, from which religion and initial forms of Sivathran script were developed, slightly coming to their actual form around 1200 BCE. Along with this, early forms of commerce and exchanges with other groups brought the evolve of religious beliefs and the first political unities, which grew along the south coast and saw the introduction of literature, technology and other general knowledge. With the time, inner regions of Sivathra organised themselves around agricultural petty kingdoms while along the coasts, other cities-states grew with commerce as a leading activity. From the contact with other kingdoms and the alliances to protect ports and farmlands, larger political units were formed until the Mandavya Empire took over most of the territory. This period saw an enormous advance in the arts, mathematics and poetry; most regions of the empire developed forms of direct democracy and findings have led to historians to believe that the population lived with prosperity.
The period of the Mandavya Empire concluded when external attacks made use of a lack of defensive protection, slowly damaging the imperial structure, which experienced an enormous debilitation during the early Middle Ages; this last period saw the introduction of Badi and Irfan, and left a legacy of artistic beauty and architecture, which were later took up by the Sivathran Empire, which expanded the use of the name Sivathra for the territory. Periods of relative stability were followed by internal clashes as local elites fought to gain power in more lands. Due to its location, the early commerce of tea and spices and the exchange of knowledge increased the relations with Euclean nations, which pushed the kingdom to sign treaties in unfavourable conditions. With the gradual takeover of territory from merchant companies, the structures of the kingdom fell under the colonial rule of Estmere, which lasted until the period prior to the Great War. During the international conflict, the difficult situation of the Estmerish crown propitiated several forms of anti-colonialist movements that emerged channelling general discontent. The struggle for independence was marked by the Entente backed groups; however, these found themselves with the rise of nationalist ideas, marking a halt in the relations with Ajahadya and a debilitation of their forces, which were defeated by the later called National People’s Party that granted the establishment of Sivathra, which has propitiated extensive relations with COMSED nations and Estmere.
Since independence, Sivathra has been governed mostly by the National People’s Party, with few interruptions of the Sivathrian National Front and the Democratic Action Parties. The first years of the Commonwealth were marked by the NPP governments, an authoritarian rule and the conflicts derived from the Satrian Wars. During the late 1970s crisis, the country saw the first change of party in government with the assumption of the Sivathrian National Front, which managed to sort out the financial difficulties making use of development plans. During the 1980s and 90s, Sivathra saw the rise of the first neoliberal policies. Today, the country is often recognised as a newly industrialised economy, which added to strong development and liberal policies, have resulted in a recent expansion of the quality of life and the international recognition of Sivathra; however, social inequalities and degrees of authoritarism are persistant issues to be faced.
Sivathra is a unitary parliamentary republic and keeps an inherited Northabbey system on the Parliament, although it has severely reformed throughout the history to make it an unicameral legislature. The country keeps an active role on its international relations, with peackeepers deployed in conflictive zones and being an active or observer member of several international organisations, such as the Community of Nations, COMSED, GIFA, ICD and ITO.
History
Early period
Mandavya Empire
Sivathran rule
Estmerish colonisation
Although historians agree in 1720s as a frame date to introduce Euclean contact in Sivathra and the rest of the Satrian region, there are records that show earlier contact between northern Sivathran petty kingdoms and Euclean merchants. With the start of the 18th century, several commercial companies from Euclea had established ports on the coast and, motivated by their particular interests on the commerce of spices and tea, conflicts emerged for the control of further land. In 1728, the territory was visited by Sir Arthur Billinghurst, an Estmerish merchant and member of the Estmerish West Satria Company; Sir Arthur was the first to envision Estmerish dominance in the area and proposed the complete takeover of Mangalore taking advantage of the pre-existing weaknesses of local authorities and the permanent conflicts between Eucleans. However, his idea was going to be reduced to the rule of the Estmerish West Satria Company, of which he was going to be responsible in Sivathra during its first years. By 1730, the colonial company had already owned a large portion of the commerce of tea and spices and was already owner of three factories in different areas.
The lack of modern defensive methods and fragmented structures, pushed native Sivathran powers to retaliation. What was more, the company's hegemony took the Sivathran elites to sign treaties in exchange of limited autonomy, which was later reduced to a complete colonial control of the territory in practive and the gradual disappearance of local authorities. As the colonial rule expanded throughout the borders of today's Sivathra, infrastructure made development expand from the cities to small towns serving as ports and to the countryside, that happened to be more connected by the existence of the railway. However, problems raised as the company's rule distanced itself from Chadwell's control; with the pass of the time, corruption was made more visible and the rule of the company was centred in the welfare of an extremely reduced Euclean elite. The grow of general social discontent and the lack of basic humane conditions continued until the 1827 Incident of the Port, where a protest for a reduction of taxes was shot down by the company's forces with he use of violence, resulting in multiple deaths and the continuation of protests for reforms sparkling across the country.
Although powerful at first, the protests lacked the enough mobilisation of forces outside Mangalore and Brahmagiri and were largely repressed by the Esterish troops. However, the incident raised the Chadwell's attention over its colonial affairs in Sivathra and the [ Queen/King ] ordered the complete transfer of power from the Company to the Estmerish Crown, resulting in the start of the effectively Estmerish control of the territory. During the fist years, the administration of the dominion fell under the responsibility of Lord Milton Hathwaye, who made significant process in the development of education and judicial systems.
Great War and struggle for independence
Modern history
Geography
Climate
Politics and government
