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Borelian grammar: Difference between revisions

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The '''Borelian grammar''' ([[Borelian language|Borelian]]: {{Hover title|Borεnlino-gramati|[[File:BotoBS.svg|link=|10px]][[File:BotoOL.svg|link=|5px]][[File:BotoRM.svg|link=|10px]][[File:Boto&L.svg|link=|5px]][[File:BotoNM.svg|link=|10px]][[File:BotoLM.svg|link=|10px]][[File:BotoIL.svg|link=|5px]][[File:BotoNM.svg|link=|10px]][[File:BotoOL.svg|link=|5px]][[File:BotoLine.svg|link=|15px]][[File:BotoGM.svg|link=|10px]][[File:BotoRM.svg|link=|10px]][[File:BotoAL.svg|link=|5px]][[File:BotoMM.svg|link=|10px]][[File:BotoAL.svg|link=|5px]][[File:BotoTE.svg|link=|10px]][[File:BotoIA.svg|link=|5px]]}}) is a set of rules that guide the written [[Borelian language]].
The '''Borelian grammar''' ([[Borelian language|Borelian]]: {{Hover title|Borεnlino-gramati|[[File:BotoBS.svg|link=|10px]][[File:BotoOL.svg|link=|5px]][[File:BotoRM.svg|link=|10px]][[File:Boto&L.svg|link=|5px]][[File:BotoNM.svg|link=|10px]][[File:BotoLM.svg|link=|10px]][[File:BotoIL.svg|link=|5px]][[File:BotoNM.svg|link=|10px]][[File:BotoOL.svg|link=|5px]][[File:BotoLine.svg|link=|15px]][[File:BotoGM.svg|link=|10px]][[File:BotoRM.svg|link=|10px]][[File:BotoAL.svg|link=|5px]][[File:BotoMM.svg|link=|10px]][[File:BotoAL.svg|link=|5px]][[File:BotoTE.svg|link=|10px]][[File:BotoIA.svg|link=|5px]]}}) is a set of rules that guide the written [[Borelian language]].
==[[wikipedia:Predicate (grammar)|Predicate]]-[[wikipedia:Subject (grammar)|subject]] complex==
==[[wikipedia:Predicate (grammar)|Predicate]]-[[wikipedia:Subject (grammar)|subject]] complex==
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{{Tree list}}
{{Tree list}}
*[[wikipedia:Past tense|Past tenses]]
*[[wikipedia:Past tense|Past tenses]]
**[[wikipedia:Preterite|Preterite]] ([[wikipedia:Simple past|Simple past]]) - Suffix ''-ba
**[[wikipedia:Preterite|Preterite]] ([[wikipedia:Simple past|Simple past]]) - Suffix ''-ba'' - Something happened (For example: ''Peggy asked'')
**[[wikipedia:Uses of English verb forms#Past progressive/continuous|Past progressive]] - Suffix ''-base
**[[wikipedia:Uses of English verb forms#Past progressive/continuous|Past progressive]] - Suffix ''-base'' - Something was happening (For example: ''Peggy was asking'')
**[[wikipedia:Uses of English verb forms#Past perfect|Pluperfect simple]] - Suffix ''-bari
**[[wikipedia:Uses of English verb forms#Past perfect|Pluperfect simple]] - Suffix ''-bari'' - Something happened before a different thing that happened (For example: ''Peggy asked before the phone rang'')
**[[wikipedia:Uses of English verb forms#Past perfect progressive|Pluperfect progressive]] - Suffix ''-barε
**[[wikipedia:Uses of English verb forms#Past perfect progressive|Pluperfect progressive]] - Suffix ''-barε'' - Something was happening before a different thing happened (For example: ''Peggy was asking as the phone rang'')
**Past repetetive - Suffix ''-bapo
**Past repetetive - Suffix ''-bapo'' - Something was happening repetetively (For example: ''Peggy kept asking'')
*[[wikipedia:Present tense|Present tenses]]
*[[wikipedia:Present tense|Present tenses]]
**[[wikipedia:Simple present|Simple present]] - No suffix
**[[wikipedia:Simple present|Simple present]] - No suffix - Something happens (For example: ''Peggy asks'')
**[[wikipedia:Present continuous|Present progressive]] - Suffix ''-se
**[[wikipedia:Present continuous|Present progressive]] - Suffix ''-se'' - Something is happening (For example: ''Peggy is asking'')
**[[wikipedia:Present perfect|Present perfect]] - Suffix ''-ri
**[[wikipedia:Present perfect|Present perfect]] - Suffix ''-ri'' - Something happened before a thing that happens now (For example: ''Peggy asks before the phone will ring'')
**[[wikipedia:Uses of English verb forms#Present perfect progressive/continuous|Present perfect progressive]] - Suffix ''-rε
**[[wikipedia:Uses of English verb forms#Present perfect progressive/continuous|Present perfect progressive]] - Suffix ''-rε'' - Something was happening before a thing that happens now (For example: ''Peggy is asking as the phone rings'')
**Present repetetive - Suffix ''-po
**Present repetetive - Suffix ''-po'' - Something is currently happening repetetively (For example: ''Peggy keeps asking'')
*[[wikipedia:Future tense|Future tenses]]
*[[wikipedia:Future tense|Future tenses]]
**[[wikipedia:Uses of English verb forms#Simple future|Simple future]] - Suffix ''-fu
**[[wikipedia:Uses of English verb forms#Simple future|Simple future]] - Suffix ''-fu'' - Something will happen (For example: ''Peggy will ask'')
**[[wikipedia:Uses of English verb forms#Future progressive|Future progressive]] - Suffix ''-fuse
**[[wikipedia:Uses of English verb forms#Future progressive|Future progressive]] - Suffix ''-fuse'' - Something will be happening (For example: ''Peggy will be asking'')
**[[wikipedia:Uses of English verb forms#Future perfect|Future perfect]] - Suffix ''-furi
**[[wikipedia:Uses of English verb forms#Future perfect|Future perfect]] - Suffix ''-furi'' - Something will happen before a different thing that will happen (For example: ''Peggy will ask before the phone rings'')
**[[wikipedia:Uses of English verb forms#Future perfect progressive|Future perfect progressive]] - Suffix ''-furε
**[[wikipedia:Uses of English verb forms#Future perfect progressive|Future perfect progressive]] - Suffix ''-furε'' - Something will be happening before a different thing that will happen (For example: ''Peggy will be asking as the phone will ring'')
**Future repetetive - Suffix ''-fupo
**Future repetetive - Suffix ''-fupo'' - Something will happen repetetively (For example: ''Peggy will keep asking'')
{{Tree list/end}}
{{Tree list/end}}
''Only [[wikipedia:Grammatical tense|tenses]] no present in [[wikipedia:English language|Common]] are the repetetives, which denote a action, that happened multiple times in the said time horizon. Such as "Zataribapo" means literally "I used to win (a lot)".
''Only [[wikipedia:Grammatical tense|tenses]] no present in [[wikipedia:English language|Common]] are the repetetives, which denote a action, that happened multiple times in the said time horizon. Such as "Zataribapo" means literally "I used to win (a lot)".
====[[wikipedia:Grammatical mood|Mood]] [[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]====
====[[wikipedia:Grammatical mood|Mood]] [[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]====
Borelian language has 5 [[wikipedia:Grammatical mood|grammatical moods]]:
Borelian language has 5 [[wikipedia:Grammatical mood|grammatical moods]]:
*[[wikipedia:Realis mood|Indicative]] - No suffix
*[[wikipedia:Realis mood|Indicative]] - No suffix - Indication of something that happens (For example: ''Peggy asked'')
*[[wikipedia:Imperative mood|Imperative]] - Suffix ''-ti
*[[wikipedia:Imperative mood|Imperative]] - Suffix ''-ti'' - Ordering something to happen (For example: ''Peggy, ask!'')
*[[wikipedia:Conditional mood|Conditional]] - Suffix ''-bo
*[[wikipedia:Conditional mood|Conditional]] - Suffix ''-bo'' - Indicating that something is to happen under a certain condition (For example: ''Peggy would ask'')
*[[wikipedia:Question|Questional]] [[wikipedia:Realis mood|Indicative]] - Suffix ''-xa
*[[wikipedia:Question|Questional]] [[wikipedia:Realis mood|Indicative]] - Suffix ''-xa'' - Asking if something happened (For example: ''Is Peggy asking?'')
*[[wikipedia:Question|Questional]] [[wikipedia:Conditional mood|Conditional]] - Suffix ''-boxa
*[[wikipedia:Question|Questional]] [[wikipedia:Conditional mood|Conditional]] - Suffix ''-boxa'' - Asking if something is to happen under a certain condition (For example: ''Would have Peggy asked me?'')
 
====Situation [[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]====
====Situation [[wikipedia:Suffix|suffix]]====
Situational suffix can show multiple adjusting information:
Situational suffix can show multiple adjusting information:
*Negation - Suffix ''-be
*Negation - Suffix ''-be'' - Something did not happen (For example: ''Peggy wasn't asking'')
*Doubt - Suffix ''-pε
*Doubt - Suffix ''-pε'' - Not sure if something happened (For example: ''I doubt that Peggy was asking'')
*Possibility - Suffix ''-sa
*Possibility - Suffix ''-sa'' - It is possible that something happen (For example: ''I am not sure if Peggy was asking or not'')
*Passivity - Suffix ''-mε
*Passivity - Suffix ''-mε'' - A thing happened to something (For example: ''Peggy was asked'')
(multiple of those can be used at the same time, there is no rule on the sequence in which those must be used)
(multiple of those can be used at the same time, there is no rule on the sequence in which those must be used)
====Examples====
====Examples====
Following table shows example of the complex with verbal root "-tari-" (root for "to win") and a subject "rutu" (term for "friend").
Following table shows example of the complex with verbal root "-tari-" (root for "to win") and a subject "rutu" (term for "friend").
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Borelian term ([[wikipedia:Latin script|<span style="color: #000000">Alphabet</span>]])
!Borelian term ([[wikipedia:Latin script|Alphabet]])
!Borelian term ([[Boto script|<span style="color: #000000">Boto</span>]])
!Borelian term ([[Boto script|Boto]])
!Borelian parts
!Borelian parts
![[wikipedia:English language|Common]] term
![[wikipedia:English language|Common]] term
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|}
|}
The complex is always written with a first capital letter.
The complex is always written with a first capital letter.
==Nouns==
==Nouns==
Nouns in Borelian have 2 [[wikipedia:Grammatical gender|genders]]:  
Nouns in Borelian have 2 [[wikipedia:Grammatical gender|genders]]:  
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! rowspan="2"|Gender
! rowspan="2"|Gender
! rowspan="2"|Number
! rowspan="2"|Number
! colspan="6"|[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language Common] term
! colspan="6"|[[wikipedia:English language|Anglish]] term
! colspan="12"|Borelian term
! colspan="12"|[[Borelian language|Borelian]] term
|-
|-
![[wikipedia:Nominative case#Subjective case|Subjective]]
![[wikipedia:Nominative case#Subjective case|Subjective]]
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|''I doubt the friendly clan would have won thanks to my friend's friend, had he not cooperated.
|''I doubt the friendly clan would have won thanks to my friend's friend, had he not cooperated.
|}<!--︲-->
|}<!--︲-->
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[[Category:Mustelaria]]

Latest revision as of 12:03, 12 May 2023

The Borelian grammar (Borelian: BotoBS.svgBotoOL.svgBotoRM.svgBoto&L.svgBotoNM.svgBotoLM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoNM.svgBotoOL.svgBotoLine.svgBotoGM.svgBotoRM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoMM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoTE.svgBotoIA.svg) is a set of rules that guide the written Borelian language.

Predicate-subject complex

While the Borelian language does not have a seperate predicate and subject in sentence, it has one word, which is both a noun phrase and a verb phrase (so called Predicate-subject complex). It is created out of a subjectual prefix, verbal (predicate) root and a optional adjustment suffix.

Subject prefix

Borelian has three grammatical cases for the complex:

The predicate-subject complex can be distinguished from other forms of other complexes, as it uses the predicate term in subjective case.

Common term Borelian term (Alphabet) Borelian term (Boto) Person
Subjective Objective Possessive Subjective Objective Possessive Subjective Objective Possessive
Singular
I Me My Za- Zati- Zama- BotoZS.svgBotoAL.svg BotoZS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoDM.svgBotoIL.svg BotoZS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoMM.svgBotoAL.svg First
You You Your Da- Dati- Dama- BotoDS.svgBotoAL.svg BotoDS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoDM.svgBotoIL.svg BotoDS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoMM.svgBotoAL.svg Second
He Him His Ca- Cati- Cana- BotoCS.svgBotoAL.svg BotoCS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoDM.svgBotoIL.svg BotoCS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoNM.svgBotoAL.svg Third
She Her Hers Cε- Cεdi- Cεni- BotoCS.svgBoto&L.svg BotoCS.svgBoto&L.svgBotoDM.svgBotoIL.svg BotoCS.svgBoto&L.svgBotoNM.svgBotoIL.svg
It
They 		It
Them 		Its
Their 		Catε- Catoci- Catεcε- BotoCS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoTM.svgBoto&L.svg BotoCS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoTM.svgBotoOL.svgBotoCM.svgBotoIL.svg BotoCS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoTM.svgBoto&L.svgBotoCM.svgBoto&L.svg
Dual
We (inclusive) Us Our Zata- Zati- Zoma- BotoZS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoTM.svgBotoAL.svg BotoZS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoTM.svgBotoIL.svg BotoZS.svgBotoOL.svgBotoMM.svgBotoAL.svg First
You You Your Dali- Daloti- Daloma- BotoDS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoLM.svgBotoIL.svg BotoDS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoLM.svgBotoOL.svgBotoTM.svgBotoIL.svg BotoDS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoLM.svgBotoOL.svgBotoMM.svgBotoAL.svg Second
They Them Their Coma- Comasi- Comosi- BotoCS.svgBotoOL.svgBotoMM.svgBotoAL.svg BotoCS.svgBotoOL.svgBotoMM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoSM.svgBotoIL.svg BotoCS.svgBotoOL.svgBotoMM.svgBotoOL.svgBotoSM.svgBotoIL.svg Third
We (exclusive) Us Our Pala- Pali- Ponla- BotoPS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoLM.svgBotoAL.svg BotoPS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoLM.svgBotoIL.svg BotoPS.svgBotoOL.svgBotoNM.svgBotoLM.svgBotoAL.svg Fourth
Plural
We (inclusive) Us Our Fata- Fati- Foma- BotoFS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoTM.svgBotoAL.svg BotoFS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoTM.svgBotoIL.svg BotoFS.svgBotoOL.svgBotoMM.svgBotoAL.svg First
You You Your Dapi- Dapεti- Dapεma- BotoDS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoPM.svgBotoIL.svg BotoDS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoPM.svgBoto&L.svgBotoTM.svgBotoIL.svg BotoDS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoPM.svgBoto&L.svgBotoMM.svgBotoAL.svg Second
They Them Their Soma- Somaci- Somoci- BotoSS.svgBotoOL.svgBotoMM.svgBotoAL.svg BotoSS.svgBotoOL.svgBotoMM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoCM.svgBotoIL.svg BotoSS.svgBotoOL.svgBotoMM.svgBotoOL.svgBotoCM.svgBotoIL.svg Third
We (exclusive) Us Our Vala- Vali- Vonla- BotoVS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoLM.svgBotoAL.svg BotoVS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoLM.svgBotoIL.svg BotoVS.svgBotoOL.svgBotoNM.svgBotoLM.svgBotoAL.svg Fourth
Other
Who
Somebody 		Whom
Somebody 		Whose
Somebody's 		Ju- Juta- Juma- BotoJS.svgBotoUL.svg BotoJS.svgBotoUL.svgBotoTM.svgBotoAL.svg BotoJS.svgBotoUL.svgBotoMM.svgBotoAL.svg Question
Whoever
Anybody 		Whomever
Anybody 		Whosever
Anybody's 		Juko- Jukota- Jukoma- BotoJS.svgBotoUL.svgBotoKM.svgBotoOL.svg BotoJS.svgBotoUL.svgBotoKM.svgBotoOL.svgBotoTM.svgBotoAL.svg BotoJS.svgBotoUL.svgBotoKM.svgBotoOL.svgBotoMM.svgBotoAL.svg
— -self — Se- Seta- Sema- BotoSS.svgBotoEL.svg BotoSS.svgBotoEL.svgBotoTM.svgBotoAL.svg BotoSS.svgBotoEL.svgBotoMM.svgBotoAL.svg Reflexive
— — — &di-[a] &da-[b] &dε-[c] Boto&A.svgBotoDS.svgBotoIL.svg Boto&A.svgBotoDS.svgBotoAL.svg Boto&A.svgBotoDS.svgBoto&L.svg Filler
  1. ↑ Filler literally meaning "search for a closest word in subjective"
  2. ↑ Filler literally meaning "search for a closest word in objective or in adjective"
  3. ↑ Filler literally meaning "search for a closest word in possessive

Predicate root

TBA

Suffixes

Predicate-subject complex has three suffixes, that are added to denote tense, mood and situation respectively. The first suffix (the one closest to the root) denotes tense, the middle suffix denotes mood and the last suffix denotes situation.

Tense suffix

Borelian language has 15 tenses, subdivided into 3 groups:

  • Past tenses
    • Preterite (Simple past) - Suffix -ba - Something happened (For example: Peggy asked)
    • Past progressive - Suffix -base - Something was happening (For example: Peggy was asking)
    • Pluperfect simple - Suffix -bari - Something happened before a different thing that happened (For example: Peggy asked before the phone rang)
    • Pluperfect progressive - Suffix -barε - Something was happening before a different thing happened (For example: Peggy was asking as the phone rang)
    • Past repetetive - Suffix -bapo - Something was happening repetetively (For example: Peggy kept asking)
  • Present tenses
    • Simple present - No suffix - Something happens (For example: Peggy asks)
    • Present progressive - Suffix -se - Something is happening (For example: Peggy is asking)
    • Present perfect - Suffix -ri - Something happened before a thing that happens now (For example: Peggy asks before the phone will ring)
    • Present perfect progressive - Suffix -rε - Something was happening before a thing that happens now (For example: Peggy is asking as the phone rings)
    • Present repetetive - Suffix -po - Something is currently happening repetetively (For example: Peggy keeps asking)
  • Future tenses
    • Simple future - Suffix -fu - Something will happen (For example: Peggy will ask)
    • Future progressive - Suffix -fuse - Something will be happening (For example: Peggy will be asking)
    • Future perfect - Suffix -furi - Something will happen before a different thing that will happen (For example: Peggy will ask before the phone rings)
    • Future perfect progressive - Suffix -furε - Something will be happening before a different thing that will happen (For example: Peggy will be asking as the phone will ring)
    • Future repetetive - Suffix -fupo - Something will happen repetetively (For example: Peggy will keep asking)

Only tenses no present in Common are the repetetives, which denote a action, that happened multiple times in the said time horizon. Such as "Zataribapo" means literally "I used to win (a lot)".

Mood suffix

Borelian language has 5 grammatical moods:

  • Indicative - No suffix - Indication of something that happens (For example: Peggy asked)
  • Imperative - Suffix -ti - Ordering something to happen (For example: Peggy, ask!)
  • Conditional - Suffix -bo - Indicating that something is to happen under a certain condition (For example: Peggy would ask)
  • Questional Indicative - Suffix -xa - Asking if something happened (For example: Is Peggy asking?)
  • Questional Conditional - Suffix -boxa - Asking if something is to happen under a certain condition (For example: Would have Peggy asked me?)

Situation suffix

Situational suffix can show multiple adjusting information:

  • Negation - Suffix -be - Something did not happen (For example: Peggy wasn't asking)
  • Doubt - Suffix -pε - Not sure if something happened (For example: I doubt that Peggy was asking)
  • Possibility - Suffix -sa - It is possible that something happen (For example: I am not sure if Peggy was asking or not)
  • Passivity - Suffix -mε - A thing happened to something (For example: Peggy was asked)

(multiple of those can be used at the same time, there is no rule on the sequence in which those must be used)

Examples

Following table shows example of the complex with verbal root "-tari-" (root for "to win") and a subject "rutu" (term for "friend").

Borelian term (Alphabet) Borelian term (Boto) Borelian parts Common term
Zatari. BotoZS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoTM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoRE.svgBotoIA.svg Za-tari. I win.
Zatarixa? BotoZS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoTM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoRM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoKE.svgBotoAA.svg Za-tari-xa? Do I win?
Zatarixabe? BotoZS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoTM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoRM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoKM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoBE.svgBotoEA.svg Za-tari-xa-be? Do I not win?
Zataribaxabe? BotoZS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoTM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoRM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoBM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoKM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoBE.svgBotoEA.svg Za-tari-ba-xa-be? Didn't I win?
Zataribaboxabe? BotoZS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoTM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoRM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoBM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoBM.svgBotoOL.svgBotoKM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoBE.svgBotoEA.svg Za-tari-ba-boxa-be? Wouldn't I have won?
Jutaribabobe. BotoJS.svgBotoUL.svgBotoTM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoRM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoBM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoBM.svgBotoOL.svgBotoBE.svgBotoEA.svg Ju-tari-ba-bo-be. Somebody wouldn't have won.
Jutaribaboxabe? BotoJS.svgBotoUL.svgBotoTM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoRM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoBM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoBM.svgBotoOL.svgBotoKM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoBE.svgBotoEA.svg Ju-tari-ba-boxa-be? Who wouldn't have won?
Rutu &ditaribaboxabe? BotoRS.svgBotoUL.svgBotoTE.svgBotoUA.svgBotoSkip.svgBoto&A.svgBotoDS.svgBoto&L.svgBotoTM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoRM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoBM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoBM.svgBotoOL.svgBotoKM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoBE.svgBotoEA.svg Rutuㅤ&di-tari-ba-boxa-be? Friend wouldn't have won?
Rutu &ditaribaboxabepε? BotoRS.svgBotoUL.svgBotoTE.svgBotoUA.svgBotoSkip.svgBoto&A.svgBotoDS.svgBoto&L.svgBotoTM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoRM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoBM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoBM.svgBotoOL.svgBotoKM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoBM.svgBotoEL.svgBotoPE.svgBoto&A.svg Rutuㅤ&di-tari-ba-boxa-be-pε? Friend wouldn't have won, would he?
Zamarutu &ditaribaboxabepε? BotoZS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoMM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoRM.svgBotoUL.svgBotoTE.svgBotoUA.svgBotoSkip.svgBoto&A.svgBotoDS.svgBoto&L.svgBotoTM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoRM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoBM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoBM.svgBotoOL.svgBotoKM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoBM.svgBotoEL.svgBotoPE.svgBoto&A.svg Zama-rutuㅤ&di-tari-ba-boxa-be-pε? My friend wouldn't have won, would he?

The complex is always written with a first capital letter.

Nouns

Nouns in Borelian have 2 genders:

  • Masculine - End with a vowel
  • Feminine - End with a consonant
  • Indifferent - Impossible to distinguish a gender (End with I/Î)

It also has five grammatical cases for nouns:

And seven grades for nouns:

Grade Prefix Meaning Example Example translation
Negative Be- Object lacks the said property Berutu No friend of mine
Positive — Object has the said property Rutu A friend of mine
Comparative Meî- Object A has the said property more than Object B Meîrutu rutuî Better friend than that friend
Diminutive Mol- Object has very little of the said property Molrutu Bad/unreliable friend
Augmentative Sti- Object has a lot of the said property Stirutu Good friend
Excessive Rεk- Object has too much of the said property Rεkrutu Person acting excessively friendly
Superlative Sul- Object has the most of the said property Sulrutu The best friend

Each of the nouns can be created by adding suffix to the Noun root, which can also serve in creating a adjective out of the word:

Gender Number Anglish term Borelian term
Subjective Objective Possessive Adjective Adverb form Verbal form Subjective Objective Possessive Adjective Adverbative Verbal form
Masculines (Root ending with a vowel)
Masculine Singular Friend Friend Friend's Friendly Friendly To befriend
To be a friend 		Rutu[a] Rutuî Rutudi Rutudime- Rutumile Rutu
∅ -î BotoYA.svg -di BotoDE.svgBotoIA.svg -dime- BotoDM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoMM.svgBotoEL.svg -mile BotoMM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoLE.svgBotoEA.svg
Dual Friends Friends Friends' Rutul Rutuli Rutuledi Rutulime- Rutulipe
-l BotoLE.svg -li BotoLE.svgBotoIA.svg -ledi BotoLM.svgBotoEL.svgBotoDE.svgBotoIA.svg -lime- BotoLM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoMM.svgBotoEL.svg -lipe BotoLM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoPE.svgBotoEA.svg
Plural Rutus Rutusi Rutusedi Rutusime- Rutumile
-s BotoSE.svg -si BotoSE.svgBotoIA.svg -sedi BotoSM.svgBotoEL.svgBotoDE.svgBotoIA.svg -sime- BotoSM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoMM.svgBotoEL.svg -mile BotoMM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoLE.svgBotoEA.svg
Feminines (Root ending with a consonant)
Feminine Singular Cooperation Cooperation Cooperation's Cooperative Cooperatively To cooperate Unolot Unoloti Unolotili Unolotino- Unolotnilo Unolo[b]
∅ -i BotoIA.svg -ili BotoIL.svgBotoLE.svgBotoIA.svg -ino- BotoIL.svgBotoNM.svgBotoOL.svg -nilo BotoNM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoLE.svgBotoOA.svg
Dual Cooperations Cooperations Cooperations' Unolotil Unolotlil Unolotlimi Unolotlino- Unolotlipo
-il BotoIL.svgBotoLE.svg -lil BotoLM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoLE.svg -limi BotoLM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoME.svgBotoIA.svg -lino- BotoLM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoNM.svgBotoOL.svg -lipo BotoLM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoPE.svgBotoOA.svg
Plural Unolotic Unolotcij Unolotjili Unolotjino- Unolotnilo
-ic BotoIL.svgBotoCE.svg -cij BotoCM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoJE.svg -jili BotoJM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoLE.svgBotoIA.svg -jino- BotoJM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoNM.svgBotoOL.svg -nilo BotoNM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoLE.svgBotoOA.svg
Indifferents (Root ending with I/Î)
Indifferent Singular Love Love Love's Loving Lovely To love Tulraî Tulraîn Tulraîni Tulraîno- Tulraînino Tulraîi[c]
∅ -n BotoNE.svg -ni BotoNE.svgBotoIA.svg -no- BotoNM.svgBotoOL.svg -nilo BotoNM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoNE.svgBotoOA.svg
Dual Loves Loves Loves' Tulraînil Tulraînin Tulraînimi Tulraîrino- Tulraîribo
-il BotoIL.svgBotoLE.svg -nin BotoNM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoNE.svg -nimi BotoNM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoME.svgBotoIA.svg -rino- BotoRM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoNM.svgBotoOL.svg -ribo BotoRM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoBE.svgBotoOA.svg
Plural Tulraîj Tulraîciî Tulraîmili Tulraîporo- Tulraînilo
-j BotoYA.svg -ciî BotoCE.svgBotoIA.svgBotoYA.svg -mili BotoMM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoLE.svgBotoIA.svg -poro- BotoPM.svgBotoOL.svgBotoRM.svgBotoOL.svg -nilo BotoNM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoLE.svgBotoOA.svg
  1. ↑ Note: If the last letter is "I" read as /ʝ/, it is considered to be a feminine word and should follow the feminine declension rules
  2. ↑ Rules on the formation of the verbal form:
    1) It is created by removing all the consonants behind the last vowel in the root, unless:
    2) The last letter is a L, R, M or N, but:
    3) The letter "Î" read as /ʝ/ counts as a consonant and should be removed as well, unless:
    4) The root is monosyllabic. In that case the letter should be read as /ɪ/ in the verbal form and be symbolized by "I"
    Or if the root is monosyllabic but with no "Î" on the end, "&" is added
  3. ↑ If the root ends with a "Î", "I" is added. If the root ends with "I", nothing changes

Words in adjective are always tied with a "-" to a nounal form or to a suffix linking it to a couse:
Note: Words are "zlit" (goodness), "rutu" (friend), "cukleî" (help)/"cukle" (to help)

Borelian term (Alphabet) Borelian term (Boto) Borelian parts Common term
Zlit BotoZS.svgBotoLM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoTE.svg Zlit Goodness
Zlitino BotoZS.svgBotoLM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoTM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoNE.svgBotoOA.svg Zlit-ino The Good
Zlitino-rutu BotoZS.svgBotoLM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoTM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoNM.svgBotoOL.svgBotoLine.svgBotoRM.svgBotoUL.svgBotoTE.svgBotoUA.svg Zlit-ino–rutu Good friend
Zlitino-rutu &dicukle zati BotoZS.svgBotoLM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoTM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoNM.svgBotoOL.svgBotoLine.svgBotoRM.svgBotoUL.svgBotoTE.svgBotoUA.svgBotoSkip.svgBoto&A.svgBotoDS.svgBotoIL.svgBotoCM.svgBotoUL.svgBotoKM.svgBotoLE.svgBotoEA.svgBotoSkip.svgBotoZS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoTE.svgBotoIA.svg Zlit-ino–rutuㅤ&di-cukleㅤzati Good friend helps me
Zamacukle Zliti BotoZS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoMM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoCM.svgBotoUL.svgBotoKM.svgBotoLE.svgBotoEA.svgBotoSkip.svgBotoZS.svgBotoLM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoTM.svgBotoLine.svgBotoIL.svg Zama-cukleㅤZlit-i I help the good (concept)
Zamacukle Zlitino-î BotoZS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoMM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoCM.svgBotoUL.svgBotoKM.svgBotoLE.svgBotoEA.svgBotoSkip.svgBotoZS.svgBotoLM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoTM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoNM.svgBotoOL.svgBotoLine.svgBotoYL.svg Zama-cukleㅤZlit-ino–î I help the good (person)
Zamacukle Juzlitino-î BotoZS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoMM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoCM.svgBotoUL.svgBotoKM.svgBotoLE.svgBotoEA.svgBotoSkip.svgBotoJS.svgBotoUL.svgBotoZM.svgBotoLM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoTM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoNM.svgBotoOL.svgBotoLine.svgBotoYL.svg Zama-cukleㅤJu-zlit-ino–î I help somebody good
Zamacukle zlitnilo BotoZS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoMM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoCM.svgBotoUL.svgBotoKM.svgBotoLE.svgBotoEA.svgBotoSkip.svgBotoZS.svgBotoLM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoTM.svgBotoNM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoLE.svgBotoOA.svg Zama-cukleㅤZlit-nilo I help well
Zamacukle Juzlitino-î zlitnilo BotoZS.svgBotoAL.svgBotoMM.svgBotoAL.svgBotoCM.svgBotoUL.svgBotoKM.svgBotoLE.svgBotoEA.svgBotoSkip.svgBotoJS.svgBotoUL.svgBotoZM.svgBotoLM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoTM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoNM.svgBotoOL.svgBotoLine.svgBotoYL.svgBotoSkip.svgBotoZS.svgBotoLM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoTM.svgBotoNM.svgBotoIL.svgBotoLE.svgBotoOA.svg Zama-cukleㅤJu-zlit-ino–îㅤZlit-nilo I help well somebody good

Possessive representation

A word can be "owned" by another word in possessive case, if the filler prefix "&dε-" is included. Nouns are not written with a capital character, unlike the complex, so in most cases, you would see a miniscule version "εdε-".

Examples of nouns

Here are some examples of sentences using multiple noun's:
Note: term Unolot can represent both Clan and a Cooperation as a action, as well as it was taken as a term for "Federation", term "unolo" is a verb for cooperate.

Borelian term Borelian parts Common term
Zamarutu &ditariba ubi unolotili. Zama-rutuㅤ&di-tari-baㅤubiㅤunolotili. My friend won thanks to the cooperation.
Unolot &ditariba ubi zamarutuî. Unolotㅤ&di-tari-baㅤubiㅤzama-rutuî. The clan won thanks to my friend.
Rutudime-unolot &ditariba ubi zamarutuî. Rutudime–unolotㅤ&di-tari-baㅤubiㅤzama-rutuî. The friendly clan won thanks to my friend.
Rutudime-unolot &ditariba ubi zamarutudi εdεrutuî. Rutudime–unolotㅤ&di-tari-baㅤubiㅤzama-rutudiㅤεdε-rutuî. The friendly clan won thanks to my friend's friend.
Rutudime-unolot &ditaribabopε ubi zamarutudi εdεrutuî, jda Caunolobaribobe. Rutudime–unolotㅤ&di-tari-ba-bo-pεㅤubiㅤzama-rutudiㅤεdε-rutuî, jdaㅤCa-unolo-bari-bo-be. I doubt the friendly clan would have won thanks to my friend's friend, had he not cooperated.

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