Renian language: Difference between revisions
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{{WIP}} | {{Region icon Anteria}}{{WIP}} | ||
{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
| name = | | name = Renian<!-- language--> | ||
| altname = | | altname = Reneini, Renish | ||
| nativename = | | nativename = Reniʃe Ʃpraȝe | ||
| acceptance = | | acceptance = | ||
| image = | | image = ReniaFlag.png | ||
| imagesize = <!-- or image_size --> | | imagesize = <!-- or image_size --> | ||
| imagealt = | | imagealt = | ||
| imagecaption = Ethnic flag of | | imagecaption = Ethnic flag of Renia | ||
| pronunciation= [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|/gadoːriʃe ʃpʀaːxe/]] [[File:Speaker Icon.svg|13px|link=http://ipa-reader.xyz/?text=gado%CB%90ri%CA%83e%20%CA%83p%CA%80a%CB%90xe&voice=Ruben]] | | pronunciation= [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|/gadoːriʃe ʃpʀaːxe/]] [[File:Speaker Icon.svg|13px|link=http://ipa-reader.xyz/?text=gado%CB%90ri%CA%83e%20%CA%83p%CA%80a%CB%90xe&voice=Ruben]] | ||
| states = {{Tree list}} | | states = {{Tree list}} | ||
*{{flag| | *{{flag|Renia}}{{Tree list/end}} | ||
| region = Southern [[Thuadia]] | | region = Southern [[Thuadia]] | ||
| ethnicity = Gadori | | ethnicity = Gadori | ||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
| fam2 = [[wikipedia:Germanic languages|Germanic]] | | fam2 = [[wikipedia:Germanic languages|Germanic]] | ||
| fam3 = South-Thuadian Germanic | | fam3 = South-Thuadian Germanic | ||
| fam4 = | | fam4 = Renic | ||
| protoname = Proto- | | protoname = Proto-Renian | ||
| ancestor = | | ancestor = | ||
| ancestor2 = | | ancestor2 = | ||
| Line 36: | Line 36: | ||
| posteriori = | | posteriori = | ||
| nation = {{Tree list}} | | nation = {{Tree list}} | ||
*{{flag| | *{{flag|Renia}} | ||
*{{flag|Sekidean Union}} | *{{flag|Sekidean Union}} | ||
| minority = | | minority = | ||
| Line 84: | Line 84: | ||
| notice = IPA | | notice = IPA | ||
}} | }} | ||
The ''' | The '''Renian language''' is the official language of the [[Renia]], and one of the official languages of the [[Sekidean Union]]. | ||
=Orthography and phonology= | |||
{{Main|Renian orthography}} | |||
==Alphabet== | ==Alphabet== | ||
{| style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS; font-size:1. | {| style="<!--font-family:Arial Unicode MS;--> font-size:1.5<!--1.3-->em; border-color:black; border-width:1px; border-style:solid; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:#F8F8EF" | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | A a | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ɒ ɒ | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ꞛ ꞛ | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | B b | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | C c | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ƈ ƈ | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | D d | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | E e | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | F f | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | G g | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | H h | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ħ ħ | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ȝ ȝ | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | I i | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | J j | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | K k | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | L l ɭ | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | M m | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | M̂ m̂ | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | N n | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | N̂ n̂ | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ŋ ŋ | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | O o | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ꞝ ꞝ | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | P p | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | {{color|#808080|Q q}} | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | R r ꭈ | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | S s ſ | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | ẞ ß | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ʃ ʃ ȷ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | T t | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | U u | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ꞟ ꞟ | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | V v | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Ƿ ƿ | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | X x | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Y y | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Z z | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | ||
| style="width: | | style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | |bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless bilabial nasal|m̥]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless bilabial nasal|m̥]]</big><br><nowiki>(m)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]</big><br><nowiki>(m)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
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|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"| | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"| | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar nasal|n̥]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar nasal|n̥]]</big><br><nowiki>(n)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar nasals|n]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar nasals|n]]</big><br><nowiki>(n)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | ||
| Line 654: | Line 174: | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]]</big><br><nowiki>(ŋ)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
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|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"| | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"| | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]]</big><br><nowiki>(r)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]]</big><br><nowiki>(d)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless retroflex plosive|ʈ]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless retroflex plosive|ʈ]]</big><br><nowiki>(r)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced retroflex plosive|ɖ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced retroflex plosive|ɖ]]</big><br><nowiki>(d)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless velar plosive|k]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless velar plosive|k]]</big><br><nowiki>(k)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced velar plosive|g]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced velar plosive|g]]</big><br><nowiki>(g)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
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|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"| | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"| | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar affricate#Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate|t͡s]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar affricate#Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate|t͡s]]</big><br><nowiki>(c)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolar affricate#Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate|d͡z]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolar affricate#Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate|d͡z]]</big><br><nowiki>(z)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]]</big><br><nowiki>(ƈ)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced postalveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced postalveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]]</big><br><nowiki>(dȷ)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
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|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|- | <!--|- | ||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''Non-[[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]] [[wikipedia:Affricate|affricate]] | |bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''Non-[[wikipedia:Sibilant|sibilant]] [[wikipedia:Affricate|affricate]] | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
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|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''--> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Sibilant|Sibilant]] [[wikipedia:Fricative|fricative]] | |bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Sibilant|Sibilant]] [[wikipedia:Fricative|fricative]] | ||
| Line 749: | Line 269: | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"| | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"| | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar fricative#Voiceless alveolar sibilants|s]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar fricative#Voiceless alveolar sibilants|s]]</big><br><nowiki>(ß)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolar fricative#Voiced alveolar sibilant|z]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolar fricative#Voiced alveolar sibilant|z]]</big><br><nowiki>(s)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]]</big><br><nowiki>(ʃ)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]</big><br><nowiki>(ȷ)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
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|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; border-bottom:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; border-bottom:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]]</big><br><nowiki>(f)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]</big><br><nowiki>(v)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; border-bottom:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; border-bottom:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]]</big><br><nowiki>(ħ)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; border-bottom:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; border-bottom:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]</big><br><nowiki>(ħ)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
| Line 782: | Line 302: | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal fricative|ʝ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal fricative|ʝ]]</big><br><nowiki>(j)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless velar fricative|x]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless velar fricative|x]]</big><br><nowiki>(ȝ)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced velar fricative|ɣ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced velar fricative|ɣ]]</big><br><nowiki>(ȝ)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced uvular fricative|ʁ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced uvular fricative|ʁ]]</big><br><nowiki>(r)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; border-bottom:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; border-bottom:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]]</big><br><nowiki>(h)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; border-bottom:none;width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced glottal fricative|ɦ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; border-bottom:none;width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced glottal fricative|ɦ]]</big><br><nowiki>(h)</nowiki> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Approximant|Approximant]] | |bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Approximant|Approximant]] | ||
| Line 802: | Line 322: | ||
|style="border-right:none; border-top:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; border-top:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolar and postalveolar approximants|ɹ]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolar and postalveolar approximants|ɹ]]</big><br><nowiki>(r)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
| Line 808: | Line 328: | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]</big><br><nowiki>(j)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced velar approximant|ɰ]]</big><br><nowiki>(ƿ)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
| Line 826: | Line 346: | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps#Voiced alveolar tap and flap|ɾ]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps#Voiced alveolar tap and flap|ɾ]]</big><br><nowiki>(ꭈ)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | ||
| Line 851: | Line 371: | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"| | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"| | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar trill|r̥]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar trill|r̥]]</big><br><nowiki>(ꭈ)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar trills#Voiced alveolar trill|r]]</big>''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar trills#Voiced alveolar trill|r]]</big>'''<br><nowiki>(ꭈ)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | ||
| Line 861: | Line 381: | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless uvular trill|ʀ̥]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless uvular trill|ʀ̥]]</big><br><nowiki>(r)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced uvular trill|ʀ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced uvular trill|ʀ]]</big><br><nowiki>(r)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|- | <!--|- | ||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Lateral consonant|Latelar]] [[wikipedia:Affricate|affricate]] | |bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Lateral consonant|Latelar]] [[wikipedia:Affricate|affricate]] | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
| Line 918: | Line 438: | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''--> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Lateral consonant|Latelar]] [[wikipedia:Approximant|approximant]] | |bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Lateral consonant|Latelar]] [[wikipedia:Approximant|approximant]] | ||
| Line 929: | Line 449: | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"| | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"| | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>l̥</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>l̥</big><br><nowiki>(l)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants|l]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants|l]]</big><br><nowiki>(l)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"| | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced retroflex lateral approximant|ɭ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced retroflex lateral approximant|ɭ]]</big><br><nowiki>(ɭ)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
| Line 945: | Line 465: | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|- | <!--|- | ||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Lateral consonant|Latelar]] [[wikipedia:Tap and flap consonants|tap/flap]] | |bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Lateral consonant|Latelar]] [[wikipedia:Tap and flap consonants|tap/flap]] | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
| Line 970: | Line 490: | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''--> | ||
<!--|style="border-right:none; padding-right:0;"| | <!--|style="border-right:none; padding-right:0;"| | ||
|style="border-left:none; padding-left:0;"| | |style="border-left:none; padding-left:0;"| | ||
| Line 985: | Line 505: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Close vowel|Close]] | |bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Close vowel|Close]] | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]</big><br><nowiki>(i)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Close front rounded vowel|y]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Close front rounded vowel|y]]</big><br><nowiki>(ü)</nowiki> | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]]</big><br><nowiki>(ü)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]]</big><br><nowiki>(u)</nowiki> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Near-close vowel|Near-close]] | |bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Near-close vowel|Near-close]] | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪ]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪ]]</big><br><nowiki>(y)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Near-close near-back rounded vowel|ʊ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<!--<big>[[wikipedia:Near-close near-back rounded vowel|ʊ]]</big>--> | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]] | |bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]] | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]</big><br><nowiki>(e)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid front rounded vowel|ø]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid front rounded vowel|ø]]</big><br><nowiki>(ö)</nowiki> | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
| Line 1,018: | Line 538: | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]</big><br><nowiki>(o)</nowiki> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Mid vowel|Mid]] | |bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Mid vowel|Mid]] | ||
| Line 1,032: | Line 552: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]] | |bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]] | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]</big><br><nowiki>(e)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid front rounded vowel|œ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid front rounded vowel|œ]]</big><br><nowiki>(ö)</nowiki> | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid central rounded vowel|ɞ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid central rounded vowel|ɞ]]</big><br><nowiki>(ö)</nowiki> | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid back unrounded vowel|ʌ]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid back unrounded vowel|ʌ]]</big><br><nowiki>(o)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]</big><br><nowiki>(o)</nowiki> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Near-open vowel|Near-open]] | |bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Near-open vowel|Near-open]] | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Near-open front unrounded vowel|æ]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Near-open front unrounded vowel|æ]]</big><br><nowiki>(ä)</nowiki> | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
| Line 1,055: | Line 575: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Open vowel|Open]] | |bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Open vowel|Open]] | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|a]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|a]]</big><br><nowiki>(a)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Open central unrounded vowel|ä]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Open central unrounded vowel|ä]]</big><br><nowiki>(a)</nowiki> | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ]]</big><br><nowiki>(a)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Open back rounded vowel|ɒ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Open back rounded vowel|ɒ]]</big><br><nowiki>(å)</nowiki> | ||
|} | |} | ||
=Grammar= | |||
Just like many other germanic languages, Gadori has four grammatical cases: | Just like many other germanic languages, Gadori has four grammatical cases: | ||
*[[wikipedia:Nominative case|Nominative]] | *[[wikipedia:Nominative case|Nominative]] | ||
| Line 1,077: | Line 597: | ||
*Feminine | *Feminine | ||
*Neutrum | *Neutrum | ||
==Articles== | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
!rowspan="2"|Gender | !rowspan="2"|Gender | ||
| Line 1,091: | Line 612: | ||
![[wikipedia:Dative case|Dative]] | ![[wikipedia:Dative case|Dative]] | ||
![[wikipedia:Accusative case|Accusative]] | ![[wikipedia:Accusative case|Accusative]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Masculine | !Masculine | ||
|bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Ħer ||rowspan="2"|Ħeß ||rowspan="2"|Ħem ||Ħen ||rowspan="3"|Ħi ||rowspan="3" | |bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Ħer ||rowspan="2"|Ħeß ||rowspan="2"|Ħem ||Ħen ||rowspan="3"bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Ħi ||rowspan="3" |Ħer ||rowspan="3"|Ħen ||rowspan="3"|Ħi | ||
!rowspan="3"|The | !rowspan="3"|The | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 1,120: | Line 639: | ||
!Masculine | !Masculine | ||
|bgcolor=#F5F5F5 rowspan="2"|'''Kain ||rowspan="2"|Kaineß ||rowspan="2"|Kainem ||Kainen ||rowspan="3" bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Kaine ||rowspan="3"|Kainer ||rowspan="3"|Kainen ||rowspan="3"|Kain | |bgcolor=#F5F5F5 rowspan="2"|'''Kain ||rowspan="2"|Kaineß ||rowspan="2"|Kainem ||Kainen ||rowspan="3" bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Kaine ||rowspan="3"|Kainer ||rowspan="3"|Kainen ||rowspan="3"|Kain | ||
!rowspan="3"|<small>'''[[wikipedia:Pronoun|{{ | !rowspan="3"|<small>'''[[wikipedia:Pronoun|{{DColor|PRO.}}]]'''</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Neutrum | !Neutrum | ||
| Line 1,127: | Line 646: | ||
!Feminine | !Feminine | ||
|bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Kaine ||Kainer ||Kainer ||Kaine | |bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Kaine ||Kainer ||Kainer ||Kaine | ||
|} | |||
==Adjectives== | |||
[[wikipedia:Adjective|Adjective]] [[wikipedia:Suffix|suffixes]] are tied to the presence of the [[wikipedia:Article (grammar)|article]] (or lack there of) and the [[wikipedia:Grammatical gender|gender]] of the [[wikipedia:Noun|noun]] the adjective is tied to. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
!rowspan="2"|Gender | |||
!colspan="4"|Singular | |||
!colspan="4"|Plural | |||
!rowspan="2"|[[wikipedia:English language|Common]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ![[wikipedia:Nominative case|Nominative]] | ||
![[wikipedia:Genitive case|Genitive]] | |||
![[wikipedia:Dative case|Dative]] | |||
![[wikipedia:Accusative case|Accusative]] | |||
![[wikipedia:Nominative case|Nominative]] | |||
![[wikipedia:Genitive case|Genitive]] | |||
![[wikipedia:Dative case|Dative]] | |||
![[wikipedia:Accusative case|Accusative]] | |||
|- | |- | ||
!Masculine | !Masculine | ||
|bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Ħer '''+''' -e ||rowspan="2"|Ħeß + -en ||rowspan="2"|Ħem + -en ||Ħen + -en ||rowspan="3" bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Ħi + -en ||rowspan="3"|Ħer + -en ||rowspan="3"|Ħen + -en ||rowspan="3"|Ħi + -en | |bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Ħer '''+''' -e ||rowspan="2"|Ħeß + -en ||rowspan="2"|Ħem + -en ||Ħen + -en ||rowspan="3" bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Ħi + -en ||rowspan="3"|Ħer + -en ||rowspan="3"|Ħen + -en ||rowspan="3"|Ħi + -en | ||
!rowspan="3"|The + <small>'''[[wikipedia:Adjective|{{ | !rowspan="3"|The + <small>'''[[wikipedia:Adjective|{{DColor|ADJ.}}]]'''</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Neutrum | !Neutrum | ||
| Line 1,144: | Line 678: | ||
!Masculine | !Masculine | ||
|bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Ain''' + '''-er ||rowspan="2"|Aineß + -en ||rowspan="2"|Ainem + -en ||Ainen + -en ||rowspan="3" bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Kaine + -en ||rowspan="3"|Kainer + -en ||rowspan="3"|Kainen + -en ||rowspan="3"|Kain + -en | |bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Ain''' + '''-er ||rowspan="2"|Aineß + -en ||rowspan="2"|Ainem + -en ||Ainen + -en ||rowspan="3" bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''Kaine + -en ||rowspan="3"|Kainer + -en ||rowspan="3"|Kainen + -en ||rowspan="3"|Kain + -en | ||
!rowspan="3"|A/An + <small>'''[[wikipedia:Adjective|{{ | !rowspan="3"|A/An + <small>'''[[wikipedia:Adjective|{{DColor|ADJ.}}]]'''</small> | ||
----<small>'''[[wikipedia:Pronoun|{{ | ----<small>'''[[wikipedia:Pronoun|{{DColor|PRO.}}]]'''</small> + <small>'''[[wikipedia:Adjective|{{DColor|ADJ.}}]]'''</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Neutrum | !Neutrum | ||
| Line 1,157: | Line 691: | ||
!Masculine | !Masculine | ||
|bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''-er ||rowspan="2"|-en ||rowspan="2"|-em ||-en ||rowspan="3" bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''-e ||rowspan="3"|-er ||rowspan="3"|-en ||rowspan="3"|-e | |bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''-er ||rowspan="2"|-en ||rowspan="2"|-em ||-en ||rowspan="3" bgcolor=#F5F5F5|'''-e ||rowspan="3"|-er ||rowspan="3"|-en ||rowspan="3"|-e | ||
!rowspan="3"|<small>'''[[wikipedia:Adjective|{{ | !rowspan="3"|<small>'''[[wikipedia:Adjective|{{DColor|ADJ.}}]]'''</small> only | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Neutrum | !Neutrum | ||
| Line 1,178: | Line 712: | ||
|bgcolor=#F5F5F5|''' || || ||--> | |bgcolor=#F5F5F5|''' || || ||--> | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{Template:Anteria languages navbox}} | |||
[[Category:Anteria]] | [[Category:Anteria]] | ||
[[Category:Languages in Anteria]] | [[Category:Languages in Anteria]] | ||
Latest revision as of 10:03, 20 August 2022
 | This article is incomplete because it is pending further input from participants, or it is a work-in-progress by one author. Please comment on this article's talk page to share your input, comments and questions. Note: To contribute to this article, you may need to seek help from the author(s) of this page. |
| Renian | |
|---|---|
| Reneini, Renish | |
| Reniʃe Ʃpraȝe | |
 Ethnic flag of Renia | |
| Pronunciation | /gadoːriʃe ʃpʀaːxe/  |
| Native to | |
| Region | Southern Thuadia |
| Ethnicity | Gadori |
Native speakers | L1: ~48,000,000 L2: ~5,300,000 FL: <80,000 |
Thuado-Thrismaran
| |
Early form | Proto-Renian
|
| Official status | |
Official language in | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-1 | GD |
| ISO 639-2 | GAD |
| ISO 639-3 | GAD |
| File:GadoriLangMap.png Distribution of the language Absolute majority >30% of native speakers | |
The Renian language is the official language of the Renia, and one of the official languages of the Sekidean Union.
Orthography and phonology
Alphabet
| A a | Ɒ ɒ | Ꞛ ꞛ | B b | C c | Ƈ ƈ | D d | E e | F f | G g |
| H h | Ħ ħ | Ȝ ȝ | I i | J j | K k | L l ɭ | M m | M̂ m̂ | N n |
| N̂ n̂ | Ŋ ŋ | O o | Ꞝ ꞝ | P p | Q q | R r ꭈ | S s ſ | ẞ ß | Ʃ ʃ ȷ |
| T t | U u | Ꞟ ꞟ | V v | Ƿ ƿ | X x | Y y | Z z |
Phonology
| Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Postal-veolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |||||||||||||
| Nasal | m̥ (m) |
m (m) |
n̥ (n) |
n (n) |
ŋ (ŋ) |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Plosive | t (r) |
d (d) |
ʈ (r) |
ɖ (d) |
k (k) |
g (g) |
||||||||||||||||||
| Sibilant affricate | t͡s (c) |
d͡z (z) |
t͡ʃ (ƈ) |
d͡ʒ (dȷ) |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Sibilant fricative | s (ß) |
z (s) |
ʃ (ʃ) |
ʒ (ȷ) |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-sibilant fricative | f (f) |
v (v) |
θ (ħ) |
ð (ħ) |
ʝ (j) |
x (ȝ) |
ɣ (ȝ) |
ʁ (r) |
h (h) |
ɦ (h) | ||||||||||||||
| Approximant | ɹ (r) |
j (j) |
ɰ (ƿ) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
| Tap/Flap | ɾ (ꭈ) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
| Trill | r̥ (ꭈ) |
r (ꭈ) |
ʀ̥ (r) |
ʀ (r) |
||||||||||||||||||||
| Latelar approximant | l̥ (l) |
l (l) |
ɭ (ɭ) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
| Tongue position | Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i (i) |
y (ü) |
ɨ (ü) |
u (u) | ||||||
| Near-close | ɪ (y) |
|||||||||
| Close-mid | e (e) |
ø (ö) |
o (o) | |||||||
| Mid | ||||||||||
| Open-mid | ɛ (e) |
œ (ö) |
ɞ (ö) |
ʌ (o) |
ɔ (o) | |||||
| Near-open | æ (ä) |
|||||||||
| Open | a (a) |
ä (a) |
ɑ (a) |
ɒ (å) | ||||||
Grammar
Just like many other germanic languages, Gadori has four grammatical cases:
And three genders, while in plural, genders merge into one indifferent plural form:
- Masculine
- Feminine
- Neutrum
Articles
| Gender | Singular | Plural | Common | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Masculine | Ħer | Ħeß | Ħem | Ħen | Ħi | Ħer | Ħen | Ħi | The | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neutrum | Ħaß | Ħaß | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Feminine | Ħi | Ħer | Ħer | Ħi | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Masculine | Ain | Aineß | Ainem | Ainen | — | — | — | — | A/An | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neutrum | Ain | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Feminine | Aine | Ainer | Ainer | Aine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Masculine | Kain | Kaineß | Kainem | Kainen | Kaine | Kainer | Kainen | Kain | PRO. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neutrum | Kain | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Feminine | Kaine | Kainer | Kainer | Kaine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjectives
Adjective suffixes are tied to the presence of the article (or lack there of) and the gender of the noun the adjective is tied to.
| Gender | Singular | Plural | Common | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Masculine | Ħer + -e | Ħeß + -en | Ħem + -en | Ħen + -en | Ħi + -en | Ħer + -en | Ħen + -en | Ħi + -en | The + ADJ. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neutrum | Ħaß + -e | Ħaß + -e | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Feminine | Ħi + -e | Ħer + -en | Ħer + -en | Ħi + -e | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Masculine | Ain + -er | Aineß + -en | Ainem + -en | Ainen + -en | Kaine + -en | Kainer + -en | Kainen + -en | Kain + -en | A/An + ADJ.
PRO. + ADJ. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neutrum | Ain + -eß | Ain + -eß | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Feminine | Aine + -e | Ainer + -en | Ainer + -en | Aine + -e | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Masculine | -er | -en | -em | -en | -e | -er | -en | -e | ADJ. only | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neutrum | -eß | -eß | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Feminine | -e | -er | -er | -e | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
 Languages of Anteria | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thuado-Thrismaran |
| ||||||||||
| Sivuk | |||||||||||
| Thrismaroic | |||||||||||
| Prei-Phnom | |||||||||||
| Bornese | |||||||||||
| Other langs | |||||||||||
| Nonverbal langs | |||||||||||
| Macaronic langs | |||||||||||
| Isolate langs | |||||||||||
Part of Anteria Universe lore | |||||||||||