Sattarishahr
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Sattarishahr ساتاریستی | |
|---|---|
 From clockwise top left; the Mahrdad Ali Sattari Monument, Sattarishahr Garden, Avenue of the Union, Mausoleum of the Union Fathers and Mahyar Vaziri Grand Mazar. | |
| Etymology: Sattari City | |
| Country | Zorasan |
| Union Municipality | Union Capital Territory |
| Constructed | 2010 |
| Inaugurated | 10 June 2016 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Mayor-council |
| • Body | Municipal Central Committee |
| • Mayor | Asghar Sazegara (National Renovation Front) |
| • Deputy Mayor | Ezzatollah Yazdanfar |
| Area | |
| • Urban | 230 km2 (90 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,147 km2 (443 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 1,387 m (4,551 ft) |
| Population (2021) | |
| • Federal capital city | 2,365,702 |
| Demonym | Sattarishahi |
| Time zone | UTC+0 (ZOT) |
| Area code | 001 |
Sattarishahr (Pasdani: ساتاریستی, solarianised: Sattārishahr) is the capital city of Zorasan and is governed by the Zorasani federal government through the Union Capital District, which encompasses the city and its surrounding environs. Initially built as a planned city within the Tinnin Plateau region to support population growth in the 2000s, it was proclaimed the new capital in 2016 replacing Zahedan as the nation's capital. It is the Xth largest city in Zorasan. The city has consistently topped national rankings for high standards of living, public safety, cleanliness, greenery and transportation.
Sattarishahr was originally planned as a new city to ease pressure on the then capital, Zahedan. However, the congestion of Zahedan, coupled with a desire to reduce the logistical burden on the city resulted in the government deciding to use the existing plans to construct a new capital. The master plan was designed by Zorasani architects, Hamid Ali Shabestari and Farhad Hadadifar and divides the city into nine zones, including government, a diplomatic quarter, residential, commercial, cultural, educational and industrial. A significant focus of the masterplan was placed on green spaces, a reduction in density of buildings and integration with nature. The 2010 decision for the new city to become the capital was followed by alterations to the masterplan, which now included space for national monuments and a enlarged government zone. Construction of the city also included the establishment of a new national park encompassing the Abolkhayr foothills of the Tinin Mountains, and the construction of an artificial lake in the heart of the city. The city includes landmarks such as the Mausoleum of the Union Fathers, Mahrdad Ali Sattari Monument, Sardar Javad Jahandar Culture Centre, Sattarishahr Garden Conference Hall and the Mahyar Vaziri Grand Mazar, the world’s fifth largest Mazar.
Sattarishahr is ranked as Beta+ city and is noted for its high cost of living, with an overwhelming majority of the city's population being of the middle and upper classes. Emigration to the city is severely restricted, to preserve the city's open spaces and quality of life. The vast majority of its citizens are employees of the government institutions and agencies based in the city, leading many commenators to claim its population is near entirely comprised of members of the ruling National Renovation Front and loyal government workers.
Etymology
Under the original plans for the city, it was to inaugurate with the name of "Abolkhayrshahr" (ابوالخیرشهر; Abolkhayr City), after the foothills where it is located. The decision to instead construct over the plans a new national capital resulted in a government initiative to have the general populace choose the new name. In late 2014, two years before its inauguration, the Supreme Assembly of the Union passed a motion proposing Sattarishahr (Sattari City), Ettehadshahr (Union City) and Abolkhayrshahr as three options to be voted upon online by the population. Between January and March 2015, 88.4 million Zorasanis voted via the official government website on the options, with Sattarishahr topping the poll at 77.56%, followed by Ettehadshahr and Abolkhayrshahr.
Sattarishahr (Pasdani: ساتاریستی; Rahelian: ستاريشهر; Kexri: ساتاریشەهر; Togoti: ساتاریستی) literally means Sattari City and is named after Mahrdad Ali Sattari, the 20th century Pan-Zorasanist and founder of National Renovationism and the Union of Khazestan and Pardaran, the predecessor to modern day Zorasan.
History
Early history
Sattarishahr is located on the northern slopes of the Tinnin Plateau and the Abolkhayr Foothills, this area has provided rich fertile soil for millenia and as such, hosts some of the earliest evidence of human habitation in Pardaran. During construction of the city, preliminary studies by the Union Institute of Antiquities and the National Museum of History discovered artefacts dating as far back as 100,000 to 500,000 years. The area around the man-made Lake Aramish, archeologists discovered relics and human remains dating back to 5,000 BCE, confirming the area of Sattarishahr had been home to a Neolithic people and developed into organised but small communities. The lake area also hosted relics with Galdian design, indicating that the neolithic communities had communications and links with the civilisation.
The region was also documented during the Sorsanid Empire for its fertile soil and a number of villages and communities were developed both on the plains north of the Tinnin Plateau and within the valleys of the Abolkhayr Foothills, including Hasanakdar, a restored village near the Khordad Garden Overlook, which exists as a living museum to pre-Irfanic Zorasan.
The area around District 3, in eastern Sattarishahr, is recorded as the location where the 5th Banner Army of the Pardarian Revolutionary Resistance Command crossed the Tinnin Mountains from Zahedan during its march on Chaboksar during the final stages of the Pardarian Civil War in 1949.
Original plans
Plans for a new city within the Tinnin Plateau were devised in the late 2000s as a means of relieving the pressure on Zahedan, which saw its population exceed 10 million in 2008. The planning of this new city was delegated to the State Commission for Urban Development, subordinate to the Central Committee of State, the highest decision making body in the country. The planning of this new city also took on significant symbolism as it would be the first major national project following the instability of the Turfan. The plans devised by the State Commission advocated for a city of 2-3 million and for a premium to be placed on green spaces, quality of life and integration with nature. These considerations stood in stark contrast to all of Zorasan’s major cities which had undergone dramatic expansion since unification in 1980 and had seen a marked degradation in its green and open spaces. However, revisions in the Third Edition Plan undercut these considerations with the addition of spaces for heavy industry, primarily in manufacturing and the chemical industry.
The location of the city was determined by its possible connections to Zahedan and the TransGulf Highway running parallel to the Zorasani coastline. The original location, some 22 miles north of Zahedan was rejected due to difficult topography and instead, the site of the city was moved 10 miles east, requiring extensions of the C3 Mountain Road, this area also boasted better topography, a higher water table for exploitation and several hills determined to be conducive to “tourism and cultural activities.”
The State Commission estimated that construction would cost ₮185 billion (€10.2 billion), this figure was earmarked in the 2009 Budget and would be covered by the Union Sovereign Fund as well as private creditors, including the Zorasani military. The plans, site and budget were proposed to the Supreme Assembly of the Union on 3 April 2009 and passed unanimously, this was followed by a unanimous vote by the Central Committee of State on April 5. The State Commission then began to vet architects for the project, ultimately settling on Hamid Ali Shabestari and Farhad Hadadifar, who had devised various buildings and entire districts for Badar-e Sattari and Mina al-Majid over the past two decades. They began work on a masterplan using the State Commission's considerations and conditions, though this masterplan completed by August 2009, had to undergo revisions following the decision to use the new city as the foundation for a new national capital.
However, before construction began, the State Commission proposed on its own initiative to use the plans to construct a new national capital, citing a 2007 study detailing the growing pressure on Zahedan as well as previous proposals for a new national capital made in 1990 and 1999.
New Capital
In May 2009, the State Commission for Urban Development launched a review on Zahedan’s long-term viability as the national capital. The study conducted by several think tanks and the Union Capital Government determined that the city’s population growth and overburdened transportation system would continue to be detrimental to the running of government. One of the most consistent criticisms of Zahedan was the dispersal of government ministries and agencies across a vast area of the city’s core. Many government ministries and agencies had complained of disruption caused by traffic and road closures, while the study also raised repeated concerns over the security of government, citing the dispersal of institutions and density of population. The Strategic Policy Planning Department of the National Renovation Front also supported the construction of a new capital to loosen the politico-economic centrality of Zahedan within long-term government plans. Proposals for a new capital had been made in the past, with a 1990 Proposal including the construction of a city in the geographical centre of the country, while a 1999 proposal suggested constructing a city on Lake Zindarud. Both proposals were rejected out of cost constraints and the relative isolation of both sites in relation to national infrastructure.
The 2009 study was accepted and a formal proposal to use the existing city plans for a new national capital was sent to the Central Committee of State. In June, the Central Committee agreed to the proposal, claiming a new capital would symbolise the “rebirth of Zorasan” following the Turfan and also be a “symbol of the nation’s industriousness and capacity for growth.” The Central Committee then put the proposal to the Supreme Assembly which unanimously agreed on June 22nd. With the plans for the new city and capital confirmed, this resulted in multiple revisions to the masterplan devised by Shabestari and Hadadifar, who also invited Abdulmalik Garras and Hossein Shirazi to join their team, two architects well respected for their works on national monuments in Zahedan.
The new masterplan was simplified but altered considerably, the city's zones were reduced to nine from eighteen. There would now be much larger government district; originally set for municipal governance, a diplomatic district to house foreign embassies and consulates, three residential districts, a commercial district, a cultural district, educational and industrial. Plans were also adopted for the construction of a Central Authority Complex, housing the highest decision making bodies of government and the core bodies of the ruling National Renovation Front. With the geographical site of the city already chosen, the Design Team took to idenitifying areas for "monuments and landmarks celebrating the Union and the Arduous Revolution. This included a unified monument to the Union Fathers, areas of rememberance and national reflection. Additional plans were included for new higher education institutions, a new hub for the armed forces and state security services, constitutional court and facilities for a new stock exchange and the Union Central Bank. The final revision to the masterplan came in October for the inclusion of a large manmade lake, to host a large park.
Construction
Construction officially began on the 18 March 2010 and would proceeded in five phases over a six year period. The construction of the city was undertaken by a consortium of private and state-owned enterprises, with the majority of workers being provided by the Union Ministry for Industry and Labour through the Union Construction and Development Corporation and the Union Labour Corps (a military enterprise). Private buisinesses included Aldar Developments, Khorramabad Services and Tajdid. Over 45,000 Zorasani soldiers undertaking their national service also contributed to the work force. It was during the initial construction phases that over 495 properties, mostly single-family run farms were seized and demolished. 2,596 people were displaced by the construction of Sattarishahr and all were guaranteed financial packages and new homes in the city as compensation. The estimated 102,000 strong workforce was housed in temprorary housing in what would later become Zone 8.
Phase 1 (2010-2012) of the construction effort focused on improving and expanding transport links, linking the city's site with the TransGulf Highway and the C3 Mountain Road and constructing the necessary water, gas and heating facilities. Two gas power stations were build between 2010 and 2014, to provide energy for over 900,000 homes, while three transistor stations were built to connect the entire Union Capital Territory to the national energy grid. A large lake 22km west of the city was turned into an artificial resevoir to facilitate the city's water-supply. A second resevoir was completed in 2015, filled via water pipeline carrying water from the Great Steppe over 900km away. Sewers, pipes and other subterreanean utilities were built over Phase 1.
Phase 2 (2012-2014) saw the first Zones be constructed, beginning with Zones 2, 3 and 4. These zones are notably of mixed use with residential, commercial and financial districts built. Zone 1 was also begun in this phase but would continue until 2016. Numerous private property developing companies focused on the construction of residential units, commerical and business units. State-owned enterprises involved in the construction during this phase also built police and fire stations, as well three major hospitals.
Phase 3 (2014-2015) this saw continued work on Zones 1, 2, 3 and 4, as well as the beginning of construction on Zones 5 and 6. Major educational institutions were also constructed in this phase including the Sattarishahr Academy for Engineering and Technology, the Union Institute for Science and Technology, the Sattarishahr Metropolitan University and the Sattarishahr Medical Research University. Construction began on Sattarishahr International Airport and Sayyad Ali Gharazi Airport (a mixed civil-military facility). By the end of this phase, all government ministry buildings had been completed. The Central Authority Compound was laid in this phase and would not be completed until 2016. By the end of this phase, Sattarishahr could support a population of 1.2 million, from 2014 government employees in Zahedan began to move into the city, coupled with pre-selected new emigrants seeking jobs and opportunities.
Phase 4 (2015-2016) saw the completion of Zones 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Zones 8, and 9 would be laid in this phase, while the that would become Zone 10 was purchased by the government and protected for future growth. This phase also saw the completion of the Central Authority Compound, the National Mausoleum of the Union Fathers, the State Cemetary for Martyrs of the Union, the National Defence Headquarters, the National Police Academy and the headquarters of the Union Central Bank. The Shahid Al-Atassi Line of the Sattarishahr Metro was completed in early January 2016, with a total of eight stations. The landscaping of Aramish Park was also completed in early 2016, this coincided with public anger and frustration at the filling of Lake Aramish with fresh water, at a time when the southern regions of Pardaran and the Union Republics of Bagatistan, Ravanistan and Janubistan were suffering from drought and water shortages. The Fourth Phase came to an end on 9 June 2016, the following day and night major festivities took place as the city was officially inaugurated as the federal capital by State President of the Union Farid Isfandiar. The festivities also included the first general session of the Zorasani parliament within its new compound, the day also marked the completion of the transferral of all government agencies and ministries to the city from Zahedan.
On the 10 October 2016, the National Mausoleum of the Union Fathers was inaugurated with a ceremony to mark the re-entombing of the Union Fathers including the bodies of Mahrdad Ali Sattari, Sayyad Ali Gharazi and Javad Jahandar within the central building.
Present
Geography
Sattarishahr is located in northeastern Pardaran on the northern slopes of the Tinnin Plateau, and at the foot of the Abolkhayr Hills, its administratively located within the Sattarishahr Union Capital Territory, surrounded to the west, north and east by the Union Republic of Pardaran and to the south by the Union Municipality of Zahedan. It has an elevation of 1,387 m (4,551 ft), making it the second highest city in Zorasan after Zahedan, it is also one of the flattest cities, with the exception of Zone 3 (Abolkhayr Hills). To its north, lies open farm land with the nearest large urban area being Eskandan, a city of 300,000. Its closest neighbour is Zahedan which is located 38km (24 miles) to the southwest, the two cities are separated by the Tinnin Mountain range. The Abolkhayr Hills provide many overlooks and vast views of the city, the most popular being that of Fareshtegan-e Tappe, which is also a monumental park.
Sattarishahr had an active river, the Saran, but this was dammed in 2013 to facilitate the creation of a resevoir for drinking water. A series of drainage tunnels and canals were constructed to extract excess water for the flat plain the city is built on, depositing it in the Eskandan River. The area immediately south of Sattarishahr is covered by the Abolkhayr National Park. The city of Sattarishahr covers an area of 230 km2 (90 sq mi), while the wider Union Capital Territory covers 1,147 km2 (443 sq mi).
The Abolkhayr Hills in summer.
The city sits upon a flat open plain at the foot of the hills.
The renovated historical village of Hasanakdar sits within a valley overlooking the city.
The Abolkhayr National Park borders all of southern Sattarishahr.
The Saran Dam and resevoir provides the city its drinking water.
Climate
Sattarishahr has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cwa), with five seasons: winter (June-August), spring (September-November), summer (December-February), autumn (March-May). The hottest month is January, where the average highs regularly exceed 36 °C (96.8 °F). The wettest month is March, with heavy rainfalls as well as cloudburst and flooding taking place. The coolest month of the year is July where temperatures fall to lows of 2.6 °C (36.7 °F).
Sattarishahr is known to have a micro-climate, regulated by the Saran resevoir located 30 kilometeres ((19 mi) to the west and the north-facing slopes of the Tinnin Mountains through the Abolkhayr Hills. This leaves the city warmer for longer periods of the year, as well as regulating rainfall. The presence of the heavily forested Abolkhayr National Park is also accredited with regulating the micro-climate. The city receives considerable rainfall over the year, with the wettest month falling in March, much of this drawn off from the Acheolian Sea and trapped by the Tinnin Mountains, enabling Sattarishahr to see lush growth in its forests. During winter, the city, temperatures stay mild, with snowfall over the higher-elevation points being most predominant, much the same for the majority of the Tinnin Plateau, snowfall however, rarely if ever occurs within the city itself. Records to Sattarishahr's temperatures only began in 2016 following its construction and inauguration. The highest recorded temperature was 46.6 °C (115.9 °F) on 23 January 2019, while the lowest temperature was −3.9 °C (25.0 °F) on 17 July 2021.
| Climate data for Sattarishahr Climatic Research Observeratory, located in Sang Nisht (2013–present, extremes 2016-present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 46.6 (115.9) |
45.6 (114.1) |
40.6 (105.1) |
34.4 (93.9) |
30.0 (86.0) |
30.1 (86.2) |
28.3 (82.9) |
32.2 (90.0) |
37.8 (100.0) |
38.1 (100.6) |
42.0 (107.6) |
45.0 (113.0) |
46.6 (115.9) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 38.7 (101.7) |
35.0 (95.0) |
33.4 (92.1) |
33.5 (92.3) |
30.9 (87.6) |
25.4 (77.7) |
17.7 (63.9) |
19.7 (67.5) |
19.1 (66.4) |
23.9 (75.0) |
30.1 (86.2) |
35.3 (95.5) |
28.6 (83.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 31.2 (88.2) |
29.7 (85.5) |
28.5 (83.3) |
27.0 (80.6) |
22.4 (72.3) |
16.5 (61.7) |
11.6 (52.9) |
10.1 (50.2) |
12.1 (53.8) |
16.9 (62.4) |
22.6 (72.7) |
27.5 (81.5) |
21.3 (70.4) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 24.3 (75.7) |
23.5 (74.3) |
20.6 (69.1) |
13.9 (57.0) |
7.5 (45.5) |
3.4 (38.1) |
2.6 (36.7) |
5.1 (41.2) |
9.9 (49.8) |
15.0 (59.0) |
19.7 (67.5) |
23.7 (74.7) |
14.1 (57.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 17.8 (64.0) |
17.0 (62.6) |
13.3 (55.9) |
5.7 (42.3) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
−2 (28) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
5.1 (41.2) |
10.5 (50.9) |
15.0 (59.0) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 73.5 (2.89) |
89.8 (3.54) |
61.8 (2.43) |
39.2 (1.54) |
62.2 (2.45) |
227.0 (8.94) |
289.9 (11.41) |
98.2 (3.87) |
29.3 (1.15) |
17.8 (0.70) |
37.3 (1.47) |
56.1 (2.21) |
1,082.1 (42.6) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 300.1 | 264.4 | 254.7 | 262.2 | 275.5 | 249.9 | 195.6 | 199.7 | 187.1 | 202.3 | 252.4 | 311.9 | 2,955.8 |
Cityscape
Administration
Sattarishahr and its wider Union Capital Territory are governed by the Municipal Central Committee, though more commonly known as the Municipal Central Authority. Sattarishahr as Union Territory is subordinated to the federal government. The MCA takes the form however, of a Mayor-Council government common across all Zorasan, though the Mayor is appointed by the Central Committee of State, the highest national governing body and is chairman of the Municipal Central Committee. The Sattarishahr Municipal Assembly is the overall city legislature and its from the assembly members of the MCA are appointed by the Mayor. The Assembly has XX members, each representating a Zone's district. As the MCA is comprised of Assembly members, it holds authority over all local governance, city agencies and services. The MCA also includes the Municipal Commander of the Union Police Service, Sattarishahr Fire Response Service and the Sattarishahr Disaster Response Committee.
There is no local nor direct democracy in Sattarishahr, in parrallel to the rest of the country, rather Assembly Members are elected or re-elected every five years by their District Committees of the National Renovation Front. The Mayor is subject to review nationally during the Revolutionary Command Congress is subject to limits of two five-year terms. The current mayor is Asghar Sazegara who was appointed in 2015 and re-appointed in 2020.
Zones and districts of Sattarishahr
Under Sattarishahr's Masterplan the city was to be divided into eighteen small zones, but this was revised to nine larger zones when the city was chosen as the new federal capital. These zones were also simplified by each carrying a particular theme; government, diplomatic, educational, commerical, residential, cultural and industrial. During construction of the city, the federal government demarcated a further 1,200 km² (463 sq mi) of land to the north, east and northeast for further development. When Sattarishahr was constructed (2010-2016), Zones 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 took their predetermined form, while Zone 9 was built as a mixed-used area, including residential and commericial units. As such, Zone 1 is governmental, Zone 2 is diplomatic, Zone 3 is residential, Zone 4 is cultural, commericial and financial, Zone 5 is educational, Zone 6 is residential, Zone 7 is industrial, Zone 8 is residential and Zone 9 is both residential and commerical. Due to Sattarishahr's masterplan idealising a city free of air pollution, a consistent and chronic problem for the majority its cities nationally, the industrial zones are severely restricted in their nature, as such, a vast majority of Sattarishahr's industry is comprised of electronics, digital technology and information technology. Each Zone (Mint̤aqa) is subdivided into Districts (Baxš), the size of each district is not uniform though for residential zones (6, 9, 10 and 11) each district is 2 km × 2 km (1+1⁄4 mi × 1+1⁄4 mi). In Zone 1, the districts cover each individual government ministry or agency. In the industrial zones the districts are formed around the individual facilities.
Zone 1
Zone 1 (Mint̤aqa'i Yek) is the home of Zorasan's federal government and includes all ministries, the Supreme Assembly of the Union, the Central Authority Compound, residences for government ministers, national leadership, the Supreme Constitutional Court, Office of the Union Procuratorate and the headquarters of law enforcement and the armed forces. Zone 1 also includes the Union Academy for Governance and Administration, the official premier party school of the National Renovation Front, though its original in Zahedan still operates. The Central Authority Compound, a vast complex of buildings includes the headquarters of the National Renovation Front, its major party-offices and agencies. The Beit-e Rahbari (lit. House of Leadership) includes the offices of the Union Council of Ministers, Central Committee of State and residences for its members, including the State President of the Union, First Minister of the Union and their families. Zone 1 also has a number of parks, the largest being Zafer Park which is located on the grounds of the Supreme Assembly.
Zone 1 is the most securitised area in the country, with physical security of buildings, civil servants and government officials being provided by the Special Protection Service rather than law enforcement. Zone 1 also includes the barracks of the SPS and the 2nd Takavar Regiment, the elite special forces tasked with protecting the senior national leadership. Zone 1 is also the most watched area in Zorasan, with a CCTV camera for ever 10 meters.
Supreme Constitutional Court
Supreme Assembly of the Union
Central Authority Compound
National Defence Headquarters.
Zone 2
Zone 2 (Mint̤aqa'i Do) is the diplomatic quarter of the capital, hosting foreign missions, embassies and consulates. Zone 2 was planned and built in such a manner that select embassies have a direct route to reach the Union Ministry of Foreign Affairs building in Zone 1. The embassies of Shangea, Ajahadya, Senria, Werania and Gaullica are located on Shahid Al-Atassi Avenue, which leads directly to the Ministry. Zone 2 is also home to several high-end hotels to host foreign dignitaries and conferences, this includes the Sattarishahr Quintessa Hotel, one of the highest rated 5-star hotels in the country.
Zone 3
Zone 3 (Mint̤aqa'i Se) encompasses 20% of the Abolkhayr National Park and is predominately cultural and residential in nature. Zone 3 hosts the Fareshtegan-e Tappe (Angel's Hill), a scenic park and overlook with views over the entire city. The Fareshtegan-e Tappe is also home to the sculptured Mahrdad Ali Sattari Monument, a stone sculpture of his head which is located on a rocky outcropping 305m (1000.66 ft) above the city. The park includes a number of high-end restaurants built upon terraces climbing the hill and is the starting point of the Abolkhayr Trails, a nature walk popular through the summer and spring seasons. Zone 3 has the smallest population of all zones, with 7,490 inhabitants as of 2021, the residences within the zone are more akin to estates, virtually all of its citizens are believed to be millionaires. The Zone however is also home to a number of hotels and spas, but most importantly it is the home of the Mahyar Vaziri Grand Mazar, the world's fifth largest. This sits beside the Sattarishahr Botanical Garden and the Sattarishahr City Zoo.
Zone 3 is also home to the National Mausoleum of the Union Fathers, which is located in the northeastern portion of the Zone overlooking Zones 4, 8 and 11. It is constructed on Axtargu Tappe (Astrologer Hill) and is visibile from all areas of the city. The complex is comprised of a monumental road leading from the south-to-north to a plaza which sits before the Hall of the Union Fathers, it contains the bodies of Mahrdad Ali Sattari, Sayyad Ali Gharazi and Javad Jahandar, the three leaders credited with Zorasani Unification. It also includes the remains of 308 recipients of the First Order of Victory, the highest military award. The Mausoleum is the setting for several major annual events and festivities.
View of Sattarishahr from Fareshtegan-e Tappe
Mahrdad Ali Sattari Monument
Mahyar Vaziri Grand Mazar
National Mausoleum of the Union Fathers
Zone 4
Zone 4 (Mint̤aqa'i Čahâr) is one of the largest zones in the city and is primarily the commerical, cultural and financial heart. Zone 4 is home is the Union Central Bank, Sattarishahr Stock Exchange and the headquarters of several of the largest state owned enterprises. Efforts during planning and construction to move the headquarers of the Zorasani General Petroleum Corporation, the state-owned oil company and the largest by value in the world from Bandar-e Sattari fell through. It is also Zone 4 that the major shopping districts can be found, including the NewWorld Mall, the largest subterranean mall in the world, which is built beneath offices and residences. All of Sattarishahr's tallest structures are located in Zone 4.
Zone 4 is also home to Lake Aramish (Lake Peace), one of the largest man-made lakes in the country. Lake Aramish is surrounded on all sides by Aramish Park, a vast landscaped area that contains cultural and entertainment facilities, such as the Nazeem Ali Harazi Party Conference Building, the site of the annual Revolutionary Command Congresses, the Sattarishahr Garden, which includes a small theatre and music venue on Lake Aramish. The Sardar Javad Jahandar Culture Centre is also located within the park, which is Zorasan's largest music venue and opera house. The park is very popular with the city's denizens and is particularly busy during Sizdah Be-dar and Nowruz. The Park also hosts the State Cemetary for Martyrs of the Union, the national and military cemetery of the country. The construction of the State Cemetary drew much controversy as all of its interned had to be transferred from the Martyr Memorial Park in Zahedan.
Many of the residences in Zone 4 are two-storey family homes or tenements up to five storeys tall, each is spaced away from its neighbours and enjoy considerably large private or communal gardens. Zone 4 is home to several educational institutions, including the Sattarishahr School of Business, the Union University of Economics and the Gaullican School of Sattarishahr.
Nazeem Al-Harazi Party Conference Building
Sardar Javad Jahandar Culture Centre
Aramish Park
State Cemetary for Martyrs of the Union
Zone 5
Zone 5 (Mint̤aqa'i Panj) is home to a majority of the city's educational and research institutions, including the Sattarishahr Academy for Engineering and Technology, the Union Institute for Science and Technology, the Sattarishahr Metropolitan University and the Sattarishahr Medical Research University. The overwhelming majority of the zone's population are students and as such, has a notably vibrant nightlife scene and a wide collection of international restaurants, bars and nightclubs. The zone is also home to the Imam Ardashir Centre for Life Studies, the largest bio-pharmaceutical institution in Coius and a prominent centre for research and development.
Zone 5 also includes the Victory Centre for Defence Research, where a number of military affiliated research and development institutions are based. They are focused around Zafer Park (victory park), which hosts the world's tallest flagpole. The institutions present include the Union Department for Ballistics and Rocketry Research, the Union Department for Cyber and Digital Research and the Union Office for Veteran Affairs.
Zone 6
Zone 6 (Mint̤aqa'i Šeš) is a residential zone and is comprised mostly of two-storey homes and tenements of varying height, though never exceeding five stories in accordance to city regulations. The Kandovan Freeway, which crosses the Tinnin Mountains and connects the city to Zahedan passes through this zone and as such, is one of the major highways for Sattarishahr.
Zone 7
Zone 7 (Mint̤aqa'i Haft) is the first industrial zone to be built in the city. It is dominated by low-polluting industries such as electronics, digital technology, pharmaceuticals and information techology. The zone is home to one of the largest plants operated by Kushandar, a major producer of electronics such as televisions, home appliances and light goods. Zone 7 has also been described as Zorasan's tech-hub, being the birthplace of ZistSanduq, the country's most popular social media site.
Zone 8
Zone 8 (Mint̤aqa'i Hašt) is a mixed residential, commerical and industrial zone still under development. It was extended eastward in 2020 to facilitate further growth and is the primary link for Sattarishahr to its international aiport.
Zone 9
Zone 9 (Mint̤aqa'i Noh) is a mixed-use commercial and residential zone. Located between Zones 5, 4 and 11 it is home to the Sattarishahr National Railway Station. Zone 9 also hosts the Al-Muṯābara Sports Complex, which includes the Shahid Derakhshan Stadium, the home ground of Sattarishahr F.C, the complex also includes a velodrome, a aquatic centre, wrestling halls and indoor stadiums for volleyball, basketball and netball.
Future zones
Zones 10 and 11 are currently under development, and are expected to provide further low-density housing. As it stands, the city retains ownership of a further 1,200 km² of land, between Zones 10, 11 and 4, however, the likelihood of this area being developed is considered "low" according to a 2021 report by the Municipal Central Authority. Efforts to restrict Sattarishahr's population at or below 3 million are being stepped up, with the city's population exceeding its 2 million target by 2020, four years after it was inaugrated. It is expected that complete development of Zones 10 and 11 will see Sattarishahr reach 3 million by 2026, as such plans are in place to all but restrict inward emigration to the city by that year.
Economy
The economic model of Sattarishahr has been described as "post-industrial and hi-tech" with a policy focus on enticing non-polluting industries for quality of life and the Union Capital Territory having among the lowest corporate and business tax rates in Zorasan, the city has seen a degree of success in facilitating the arrival of Zorasani and global tech companies. The city is near wholly dependent upon the electronics, information technology, digital technology and services sector for its economic activity, however, the Zorasani federal government remains the largest employer in the city.
Culture
Parks
Museums and galleries
Shopping
Mazars
Transportation
Public transport
All public transport in Sattarishahr is managed by the Municipal Transportation Authority, an office of the Municipal Central Authority. The city operates a metro system and a bus rapid transit, the Sattarishahr Metro and the Sattarishahr MetroBus. There are also city-registered and affiliated taxi services and a dockless bike sharing scheme.
The Sattarishahr Metro was constructed during Phases 2, 3 and 4 and is comprised of four lines; the Shahid Al-Atassi Line, Zafer Line, Ettehad Line and the Shahid Ershadi Line. There are a total of 22 stops across the entire metro, with a central terminus being located in Zone 4. The Shahid Al-Atassi Line connects the city to the International Airport, while the Zafer Line connects the city to the regional airport. The Zafer Line is the only to hold a stop at the Sattarishahr National Railway Station. Each day, the Sattarishahr Metro accomodates an estimated 1.8 million passengers. There are plans for extending the Zafer and Al-Atassi Lines in line with the development of Zones 10 and 11. Sattarishahr is the smallest city by population to operate a metro system in Zorasan.
The Sattarishahr MetroBus system is 92.4 km (57.4 mi) long and encompasses the entire city and the wider Union Capital Territory, supporting the commuter towns of Akhtarabad, Khoshkrud and Eshtehard. The MetroBus network is divided into five lines, with a central terminus located in Zone 4. Line 1 begins in Zone 1 and runs southwest-to-northeast to Sattarishahr International Airport, Line 2 begins in Zone 7 and runs southeast to northwest to Zone 9 and onto Sayyad Ali Gharazi Airport. Line 3 runs west-to-east to from Zone 5 to Zone 8, Line 4 runs east-to-west from Zone 8 to Zone 6. Line 5 however, begins at the central terminus in Zone 4 and runs south along the Kondovan Freeway to the Ettehad Square Bus Terminus in central Zahedan. The MetroBus and Metro utilise e-ticketing systems and are organised by the MTA through a domestically made Intelligent transportation system. The city's transportation system has consistently topped ratings for cities in Zorasan since the city's inauguration in 2016.
Air
Sattarishahr is supported by two airports, the Sattarishahr International Airport is dedicated to international connections only and is the third largest in the country after Zahedan Ettehad International Airport and Izidhar al-Mina International Aiport. It is located to the northeast of Zahedan and is connected to the city proper via Zone 8. SIA spreads over 20 square kilometeres and boasts 15 passenger boarding bridges and two runways, with an annual capacity of 9 million passengers with prepatory plans for a third runway and increased capacity to 25 million per annum. Domestic connections are supported by Sayyad Ali Gharazi Airport which is located to the northwest of Sattarishahr and connected to the city via the Safadasht Freeway. SAGA also has two runways but a capacity of 5 million passengers per annum, like SIA it also preparedly owns surrounding land for future expansion if given the go-ahead.
Both airports have connections to the city, through freeways, stops for the Sattarishahr Metrobus and Sattarishahr Metro, both transport links offering direct travel to Zones 1, 2 and 4.
Private
According to the masterplan of the city, its design enables for a capacity of 2.5 million cars on its roads, though only 800,000 have been consistently reported to be in use daily. Despite having one of the highest car ownership per capita, surveys reveal that an overwhelming majority of the city's population rely on the MetroBus network, the Metro, bike sharing scheme and taxi services. Car useage increases at weekends and in the lead up to major religious or national holidays with the exception of Nowruz.
Of the 800,000 cars used an estimated 230,000 are taxis. The majority belong to the city's registered green and yellow taxis (green being taxis permitted to service the city and the wider metropolitan area, while yellow only service the city itself). A significant minority of taxis used ply the streets for private companies such as Kareem (a domestic taxi app), Gardune (another domestic taxi app) and EGari, a carpooling service.
Roadways
Sattarishahr is connected to the wider country through Road 51 which runs north for 390km via Eskandan and connects to the TransGulf Freeway at the Parshand Interchange. The TransGulf Freeway runs for over 2,000 km from Sadah in Irvadistan to Borazjan in Pardaran and was built in the 1930s and 1940s during the Etrurian domination. Road 52 (Kondovan Freeway) connects Sattarishahr to Zahedan over 20 miles to the southwest, cutting through the Shahrestanak Gorge in the Tinnin Mountains. The Kondovan Freeway is a toll road due to its maintenance costs. The Grand Avenue is the major thoroughfare of the city, bisecting Zone 4 and culminating in Zone 1.