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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox airline
|name         = Kradian dialect
| airline         = Tad
|nativename = ''Bąlaćka''<br>''Балачка''
| image            = Lemavia.png
|pronunciation = ba-lach-ka
| image_size      = 300px
|region        = {{flag|West Miersa}}
| alt              =  
|speakers      = 79
| IATA            = TD
|date         = 2020
| ICAO            = TAD
|ref           =  
| callsign        = TAD
|speakers2    =  
| founded         = 1 May, 1983
|familycolor  = Indo-European
| commenced        = 2 February, 1980
|fam2   = {{wp|Slavic languages|Marolevic}}
| ceased           =  
|fam3   = {{wp|Western Slavic language|Central Marolevic}}
| aoc              =
|fam4  = {{wp|Polish language|Miersan}}
| bases            =  
|fam5   = {{wp|Lesser Polish dialect|Southwestern Miersan}}
| hubs            = [[Sechia International Airport]]
|script = {{wp|Cyrillic alphabet|Pavatrian alphabet}}, {{wp|Polish alphabet|Miersan alphabet}}
| secondary_hubs   = [[Topagunea International Airport]]
|nation =  
| focus_cities    =
|agency =  
| frequent_flyer   =  
|iso3  = mkr
| lounge          =
|lingua =  
| alliance        =
|map    =  
| subsidiaries    =  
|mapcaption =
| fleet_size      = 22
| destinations    = TBC
| company_slogan   =  
| parent          =
| headquarters    = [[Krada]], [[West Miersa]]
| key_people      = TBD <small>(Chairman)</small><br>[[Urban Olszanski]] <small>(Managing director)</small>
| revenue          =
| operating_income =  
| net_income      =  
| profit          =  
| assets          =  
| equity          =  
| website          =  
}}
}}
The '''Kradian dialect''' ({{wp|Polish language|Miersan}}: ''Gwara kradziańa'', {{wp|Rusyn language|Narodyn}}: Крадари діалект, ''Kradary dialekt''), commonly known as '''Balachka''' ({{wp|Polish language|Miersan}}: Bąlaćka, {{wp|Rusyn language|Narodyn}}: Балачка, ''Balachka'') is a {{wp|Polish language|Miersan}}-{{wp|Rusyn language|Narodyn}} {{wp|mixed language}} spoken in and around [[Krada]], [[West Miersa]].
'''Tad''' is a privately-owned {{wp|budget airline}} based in [[Krada]], [[West Miersa]].


==Etymology==
Established in 1983, shortly after the end of the [[Lemovician War]] by [[Tad Kuznicki]], it was envisioned as a budget airline to serve as a cheap airline servicing flights between western and eastern [[Euclea]], with all flights being connected via Krada. Flights commenced in 1985 to TBD.
The term most commonly used by linguists and foreigners, ''Kradian dialect'', refers to the city of [[Krada]], where the Kradian dialect was the most widespread. Although similar mixed languages existed in [[Żobrodź]] and [[Sechia]], among other regions where {{wp|Polish people|Miersans}} and {{wp|Rusyn people|Narodyns}} had close contact, the variety spoken in Krada was notable for both its size, and because of the high number of Narodyns living in the city, in a region with relatively few Narodyns.


The term ''balachka'' derives from the {{wp|Rusyn language|Narodyn}} term, ''balakaty'' (балакати), meaning "to chat," suggesting that this term was first used by {{wp|Rusyn people|Narodyn}} migrants to [[Krada]] to describe how {{wp|Polish people|Miersans}} would try to speak to them. While it was initially seen as derogatory, the term eventually became embraced by the speakers of the Kradian dialect.
Since the 1990s, it has assumed a position of being one of the major players along the east-west Euclean flight market. While it has made attempts to break into the north-south trans-Euclean flights in the late 2000s and early 2010s, these were not as successful as their east-west trans-Euclean flights, due to competitors such as (TBD).


==History==
==History==
Linguists believe that the Kradian dialect emerged no earlier than the end of the [[War of the Miersan Succession]] and the partition of [[Miersa]] between [[Narozalica]] in the west and [[Gaullica]] in the east, as the city of [[Krada]] became the seat of the newly-established [[Miersan Governate]]. With an influx of {{wp|Rusyn people|Narodyn}} officials, Krada would attract migration from across the southern regions of the governate, leading to the development of a {{wp|mixed language}}, as many Narodyns would not bother to learn Miersan, while the Miersans had to learn Narodyn vocabulary to get them to understand each other.
===Establishment and early years===
(TBC)


The first recorded mention of the Kradian dialect was in 1786, when [[Yehor Honcharov]], a government official, described a "strange tongue spoken among the poor [in Krada], where they attempt to speak like us, but insist on using their native grammar." Another reference, from 1796, describes a {{wp|couplet}} written in dialect, making it the first written record in the Kradian dialect.
===Growth and contemporary era===
 
(TBC)
During the nineteenth century, the Kradian dialect continued developing: with some Narodyns learning Miersan, they began contributing to the dialect, although in their case, they used many Narodyn words in their Miersan, which helped further cement the Kradian dialect as a {{wp|mixed language}} between Narodyn and Miersan.
 
By 1844, [[Yevhen Ponomarenko]], a {{wp|linguist}} at the [[University of Krada]], published a paper on the Kradian dialect, describing not only its phonology and grammar, but also how widespread the dialect was, with Ponomarenko saying that "regardless of ethnicity or social class, most Kradians will, at some point during their day, use Narodyn words in a Miersan grammar," and concluding that the Kradian dialect, while structurally of "southwestern Miersan origin," was lexically "of Narodyn origin," with the result that he called the dialect a "form of {{wp|surzhyk}}."
 
This opened a wave of research into the Kradian dialect, inspiring [[Matthias Klaproth]] at the [[University of Żobrodź]] to write an extensive paper in 1858, which focused not just on the Kradian dialect, but on other varieties of surzhyk spoken throughout the Miersan Governate, and comparing them to both Miersan and Narodyn to determine which language they are a dialect of: using his data, Klaproth concluded that the Kradian dialect was a dialect of Miersan.
 
Despite the extensive research, the Kradian dialect remained stigmatized, especially as the education system in Narozalica started to become more universal and promote the teaching of the standard varieties of Narodyn and Miersan as opposed to the dialects. Nationalists on both sides decried the Kradian dialect as being impure, leading to people beginning to abandon the variety in favour of standard Narodyn or standard Miersan, depending on their political alignments. However, even into the twentieth century, the Kradian dialect still remained common, particularly among the poor who were "born in the city," as opposed to those who have migrated from the countryside to Krada.
 
In the [[Great War (Kylaris)|Great War]], after Krada fell to Gaullican forces, the use of the Kradian dialect was banned, as it was feared that the variety would be used to transmit information secretly to the Narozalic forces. Although after the end of the Great War, the Kradian dialect was legally permitted to be spoken once more, with the division of Miersa into [[West Miersa]] and [[East Miersa]] as a result of the [[Godfredson Plan]], the Kradian dialect began to decline, as much of the Narodyn community left Krada for Narozalica, leading to a sudden erosion in the importance of Narodyn in the day-to-day life.
 
While as late as the 1940s, the Kradian dialect was still widely spoken in the city, with at least three-quarters speaking the dialect, by the 1950s, the Kradian dialect began to die out, as young people were reluctant to transmit the dialect to their children, as it was perceived by many people to be a sign of backwardness. This trend accelerated in the coming decades, and by 2000, the Kradian dialect was only spoken by less than 2,000 people, virtually all of whom were elderly. While many dialect words remain in the modern Kradian varieties of Miersan and Narodyn, it is mostly used as slang and in informal situations.
 
==Phonology==
The phonology in the Kradian dialect is largely similar to the phonology used in the {{wp|Lesser Polish dialect|southwestern dialects}} of the {{wp|Polish language|Miersan}}, as the Kradian dialect was generally spoken by {{wp|Polish people|Miersans}} to {{wp|Rusyn people|Narodyns}}, and not vice-versa. This means that the Kradian dialect has evidence of {{wp|Mazurzenie|Żobrodzation}}, a voiceless-to-voicing shift, a nasalization of the -enka suffix, merging of the stop-fricative consonant clusters into {{wp|affricates}}, initial syllable stresses and {{wp|oxytone|oxytonic}} stress on the {{wp|vocative case}}, as well as the reduction of the rz sound to a simple r sound.
 
For example, in {{wp|Rusyn language|Narodyn}}, the word for three hundred is ''try tysyachi'' (три тисячі), and in standard Miersan, it is ''trzysta'', but in the Kradian dialect, it is ''czysti'' (чисті). Likewise, in Narodyn, the word for dress is ''suknya'' (сукня), and in standard Miersan, it is ''sukienka,'' but in the Kradian dialect, it is ''suknieńka'' (сукніенька).


==Orthography==
==Services==
As the Kradian dialect is traditionally spoken and not written, there has never been a standard orthography used by all speakers of the Kradian dialect, given that when writing, most would prefer to write either in standard {{wp|Rusyn language|Narodyn}} or standard {{wp|Polish language|Miersan}}. A study from 2003 by Oleg Dzikowski and Marin Chudzinski showed that of the 2,681 known works (mostly diaries and journals) written in the Kradian dialect, only 894 used Pavatrian, with the remainder using a {{wp|Latin alphabet|Solarian alphabet}}.
===Cabin===
[[File:An-148_cabin_01.jpg|150px|thumb|right|Interior of a Tad cabin, 2011]]
All Tad planes are in an all-{{wp|economy class}} configuration, although Tad calls it '''eagle class''' ({{wp|Polish language|Miersan}}: ''klasa orła''). There are no reserved seats, with passengers being seated on a first-come, first-served basis.


Traditionally, linguists either use the {{wp|Cyrillic alphabet|Pavatrian}} Ponomarenko orthography, or the {{wp|Polish alphabet|Miersan}} Klaproth orthography to write in the dialect, depending on which script they are intending to use for their papers. While in recent decades, some efforts have been made to write works, predominantly in the Klaproth orthography, for people to read in the Kradian dialect, in an effort to revitalize the dialect, these efforts have lacked official support, and are rarely used, with only seven books being published in the Klaproth orthography of the Kradian dialect between 1996 and 2011.
All seats lack the ability to recline, and {{wp|in-flight entertainment}} is not provided. While {{wp|Polish cuisine|Miersan cuisine}} is offered on all Tad flights, all food and drinks have to be {{wp|buy on board|bought on board}}, including {{wp|Airline meal|traditional airline meals}} (one meal service on long-haul routes). Complementary snacks are not offered by Tad.
 
(TBC)


==Grammar==
Tad charges for all {{wp|checked baggage}} and {{wp|hand baggage}}: while the first checked bag and carry-on bag is at 50[[West Miersan grosz|gr]] and 25gr respectively, all subsequent checked baggage are charged at a rate of 100gr for checked baggage, and 50gr for carry-on baggage.
The grammar of the Kradian dialect is largely based off the grammar of the {{wp|Lesser Polish dialect|southwestern dialects}} of the {{wp|Polish language|Miersan}}. Thus, the dominant word order in the Kradian dialect is {{wp|Subject–verb–object}} (SVO), although certain phrases borrowed wholesale from {{wp|Rusyn language|Narodyn}} will preserve their original forms.


Like both Miersan and Narodyn, Kradian exhibits a {{wp|T-V distinction}} (''tu'', ту, ''wy'', ви), with the seven cases used in both languages ({{wp|nominative case|nominative}}, {{wp|genitive case|genitive}}, {{wp|dative case|dative}}, {{wp|accusative case|accusative}}, {{wp|instrumental case|instrumental}}, {{wp|locative case|locative}} and {{wp|vocative case|vocative}}), and also uses three genders ({{wp|masculine}}, {{wp|feminine}}, and {{wp|neuter gender|neuter}}). As well, like both Miersan and Narodyn, the Kradian dialect has {{wp|singular number|singular}} and {{wp|plural number|plural numbers}}.
Tad allows for connections between their flights with no extra fees, primarily to ensure travelers can connect on their second leg of the flight to western or eastern [[Euclea]].


However, unlike Narodyn, but like Miersan, subject markers are frequently dropped, even in words of Narodyn origin (i.e. ''praczuju tu'' or прачую ту for ''I work here'', compared to Narodyn ''ya pratsyuyu tut'' or я працюю тут, or Miersan ''pracuję tu''). It also follows {{wp|Polish grammar#Declensions|Miersan rules for declensions}}, even on words of Narodyn origin.
==Destinations==
===Domestic===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| style="background:#d0e7ff;"|Hub
|-
| style="background:#ffe6bd;"|Focus city
|-
| style="background:#dfd;"|Seasonal service
|}
{|class="sortable wikitable toccolours"
|-
!style="background:#6494d1;color: white"|City
!style="background:#6494d1;color: white"|Country
!style="background:#6494d1;color: white"|Airport
|-
|[[Krada]]||{{flag|West Miersa}}||style="background:#d0e7ff;"|[[Krada International Airport]]
|-
|[[Sechia]]||{{flag|West Miersa}}||style="background:#ffe6bd;"|[[Sechia International Airport]]
|-
|[[West Żobrodź]]||{{flag|West Miersa}}||[[Świętosław Wojdyla International Airport]]
|}
===International===
{|class="sortable wikitable toccolours"
|-
!style="background:#6494d1;color: white"|City
!style="background:#6494d1;color: white"|Country
!style="background:#6494d1;color: white"|Airport
|-
|[[Cinillo]]||{{flag|Auratia}}||style="background:#ffe6bd;"|[[Montecara–Cinillo International Airport]]
|-
|[[Puerto del Rey]]||{{flag|Auratia}}||[[Puerto del Rey International Airport]]
|-
|[[Villadad]]||{{flag|Auratia}}||[[Villadad International Airport]]
|-
|[[Spálgleann]]||{{flag|Auratia}}||[[Spálgleann International Airport]]
|-
|[[Knowleston]]||{{flag|Estmere}}||[[Ashcombe-Knowleston International]]
|-
|[[Poveglia]]||{{flag|Etruria}}||[[Poveglia International Airport]]
|-
|[[Praproče]]||{{flag|Etruria}}||[[Praproče International Airport]]
|-
|[[Solaria]]||{{flag|Etruria}}||style="background:#ffe6bd;"|[[Solaria International Airport]]
|-
|[[Sorrë]]||{{flag|Galenia}}||[[Karthë-Sorrë International Airport]]
|-
|[[Luchintsy]]||{{flag|Narozalica}}||[[Luchintsy International Airport]]
|-
|[[Patovatra]]||{{flag|Narozalica}}||[[Patovatra International Airport]]
|-
|[[Samistopol]]||{{flag|Narozalica}}||style="background:#ffe6bd;"|[[Samistopol International Airport]]
|-
|[[Ulan-Khol]]||{{flag|Narozalica}}||style="background:#dfd;"|[[Ulan-Khol International Airport]]
|-
|[[Velike Vishnavaya]]||{{flag|Narozalica}}||[[Velike Vishnavaya International Airport]]
|-
|[[Tumsha]]||{{flag|Narozalica}}||[[Tumsha International Airport]]
|-
|[[Yashkul]]||{{flag|Narozalica}}||[[Yashkul International Airport]]
|-
|[[Alikianos]]||{{flag|Piraea}}||style="background:#dfd;"|[[Alikianos International Airport]]
|-
|[[Dražovice]]||{{flag|Slirnia}}||[[Dražovice International Airport]]
|-
|[[Tsivebi]]||{{flag|Vedmed}}||[[Tsivebi International Airport]]
|-
|[[Garna]]||{{flag|Visoclesia}}||[[Garna International Airport]]
|-
|[[Višnagrad]]||{{flag|Visoclesia}}||[[Višnagrad International Airport]]
|}


==Vocabulary==
==Fleet==
According to [[Yevhen Ponomarenko]] and [[Matthias Klaproth]]'s papers from 1844 and 1858, 60% of the vocabulary in the Kradian dialect came from {{wp|Rusyn language|Narodyn}}, while 35% came from {{wp|Polish language|Miersan}}, particularly from the {{wp|Lesser Polish dialect|southwestern dialects}}, with the remainder coming from other languages, most prominently {{wp|Swabian German|Witterite}}. However, in a 2003 paper by [[Kryspyn Mileski]], the traditional Kradian dialect as currently spoken had 55% of its vocabulary come from Narodyn, and 40% Miersan, with 5% coming from other languages.
probably all Narozalic planes


Most words in the Kradian dialect have a synonym in the other language: for the phrase ''my friend'', in the Kradian dialect, one could use either ''moj druh'' (мой друг), from the Narodyn ''miy druh'' (мій друг), or ''moj pryjatiel'' (мой приятієл), from the Miersan ''mój przyjaciel'', depending on the situation and context.
==Incidents and accidents==

Revision as of 06:32, 28 August 2020

Tad
Lemavia.png
IATA ICAO Callsign
TD TAD TAD
Founded1 May, 1983
Commenced operations2 February, 1980
HubsSechia International Airport
Secondary hubsTopagunea International Airport
Fleet size22
DestinationsTBC
HeadquartersKrada, West Miersa
Key peopleTBD (Chairman)
Urban Olszanski (Managing director)

Tad is a privately-owned budget airline based in Krada, West Miersa.

Established in 1983, shortly after the end of the Lemovician War by Tad Kuznicki, it was envisioned as a budget airline to serve as a cheap airline servicing flights between western and eastern Euclea, with all flights being connected via Krada. Flights commenced in 1985 to TBD.

Since the 1990s, it has assumed a position of being one of the major players along the east-west Euclean flight market. While it has made attempts to break into the north-south trans-Euclean flights in the late 2000s and early 2010s, these were not as successful as their east-west trans-Euclean flights, due to competitors such as (TBD).

History

Establishment and early years

(TBC)

Growth and contemporary era

(TBC)

Services

Cabin

Interior of a Tad cabin, 2011

All Tad planes are in an all-economy class configuration, although Tad calls it eagle class (Miersan: klasa orła). There are no reserved seats, with passengers being seated on a first-come, first-served basis.

All seats lack the ability to recline, and in-flight entertainment is not provided. While Miersan cuisine is offered on all Tad flights, all food and drinks have to be bought on board, including traditional airline meals (one meal service on long-haul routes). Complementary snacks are not offered by Tad.

Tad charges for all checked baggage and hand baggage: while the first checked bag and carry-on bag is at 50gr and 25gr respectively, all subsequent checked baggage are charged at a rate of 100gr for checked baggage, and 50gr for carry-on baggage.

Tad allows for connections between their flights with no extra fees, primarily to ensure travelers can connect on their second leg of the flight to western or eastern Euclea.

Destinations

Domestic

Hub
Focus city
Seasonal service
City Country Airport
Krada  West Miersa Krada International Airport
Sechia  West Miersa Sechia International Airport
West Żobrodź  West Miersa Świętosław Wojdyla International Airport

International

City Country Airport
Cinillo  Auratia Montecara–Cinillo International Airport
Puerto del Rey  Auratia Puerto del Rey International Airport
Villadad  Auratia Villadad International Airport
Spálgleann  Auratia Spálgleann International Airport
Knowleston Template:Country data Estmere Ashcombe-Knowleston International
Poveglia  Etruria Poveglia International Airport
Praproče  Etruria Praproče International Airport
Solaria  Etruria Solaria International Airport
Sorrë  Galenia Karthë-Sorrë International Airport
Luchintsy  Narozalica Luchintsy International Airport
Patovatra  Narozalica Patovatra International Airport
Samistopol  Narozalica Samistopol International Airport
Ulan-Khol  Narozalica Ulan-Khol International Airport
Velike Vishnavaya  Narozalica Velike Vishnavaya International Airport
Tumsha  Narozalica Tumsha International Airport
Yashkul  Narozalica Yashkul International Airport
Alikianos  Piraea Alikianos International Airport
Dražovice  Slirnia Dražovice International Airport
Tsivebi  Vedmed Tsivebi International Airport
Garna  Visoclesia Garna International Airport
Višnagrad  Visoclesia Višnagrad International Airport

Fleet

probably all Narozalic planes

Incidents and accidents

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