Vealphk language: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox | {{Infobox | ||
| name | | bodystyle = {{#if:{{{boxsize|}}}|width: {{{boxsize}}};}} | ||
| | |||
| | | abovestyle = font-size:130%; color: black; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, lightcoral, lightcoral 10px, #c9ffd9 10px, #c9ffd9 20px); | ||
| acceptance | | above = {{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}} | ||
| image | | aboveclass = above | ||
| | |||
| | | subheaderstyle = font-size:110%; color: black; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, lightcoral, lightcoral 10px, #c9ffd9 10px, #c9ffd9 20px); | ||
| | | subheader1 = Velpan<!-- language-->, Vazhin<!-- language--> | ||
| | | subheader2 = Vaʒ’inci jәzyk | ||
| | | subheader3 = {{#if:{{{acceptance|}}}|({{{acceptance|}}})}} | ||
| | |||
| | | image = [[File:VealphkFlag.png|200px]] | ||
| speakers = [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_language L1]: | | caption = Vealphk ethnic flag | ||
| | | headerstyle = color: black; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, lightcoral, lightcoral 10px, #c9ffd9 10px, #c9ffd9 20px); | ||
| | | labelstyle = padding-top:0.225em;line-height:1.1em;<!--(modified longitem)--> padding-right:0.5em;<!--(to ensure some gap between any (long/unwrapped) label and subsequent data on same line)--> | ||
| datastyle = line-height:1.35em; | |||
<!---------------------------------------------------------> | |||
| label1 = Pronunciation | |||
| data1 = [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|/vaʒʔintskɨː‐jəzɨk/]] [[File:Speaker Icon.svg|13px|link=http://ipa-reader.xyz/?text=va%CA%92%CA%94intsk%C9%A8%CB%90%E2%80%90j%C9%99z%C9%A8k&voice=Brian]] | |||
| | |||
| | | label2 = {{#if:{{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{#ifeq:{{Infobox language/family-color|{{{familycolor|}}}}}|black|1}} | ||
| | | Created by | ||
| | | Native to | ||
| | }} | ||
| | | data2 = [[File:VealphkFlag.png|border|link=|23px]] Vaʒ’ina<ref>Vaʒ’ina was a former semi-independent principality stationed between the First Nokor of [[Prei Meas]] and the [[Mustelaria#The Empire of Three Kings|Empire of Three Kings]], which was eventually split into two in 1870's by the [[Zhengia|State of Zhengia]] and the [[Protectorate of Dei Neak]] set up by [[Neuewland]]</ref> | ||
| dialects | | label3 = Date | ||
| listclass | | data3 = {{{created|}}} | ||
| | | label4 = Region | ||
| | | data4 = [[Kento-Poylash languages|Slavic Belt]] in [[Thuadia]] | ||
| | |||
| | | label5 = [[wikipedia:Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]] | ||
| | | data5 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates}}}|type:landmark}}| }} | ||
| | |||
| | | label6 = Ethnicity | ||
| | | data6 = Vealphk | ||
| | |||
| | | label7 = Native speakers | ||
| | | data7 =[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_language L1]: <br>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_language L2]: <br>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_language FL]: | ||
| | |||
| | | label8 = {{#if:{{{revived|}}} |[[wikipedia:Language revitalization|Revival]]{{#if:{{{revived-category|{{{revived-cat|}}}}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{revived-category|{{{revived-cat}}}}}}|nocat|<!--suppress-->|[[Category:{{{revived-category|{{{revived-cat}}}}}}]]|[[Category:Language revival]]}} }} }} | ||
| data8 = {{{revived|}}} | |||
| label9 = [[wikipedia:Language family|Language family]] | |||
| data9 = [[Thuado-Thrismaran languages|Thuado-Thrismaran]] | |||
<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balto-Slavic_languages Zarav-Slavic] | |||
<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_languages Slavic] | |||
<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>[[Kento-Polyash languages|Kento-Polyash]] | |||
<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>[[Mustelaria|Mustelarian]] subgroup | |||
<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>'''Vealphk'''</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> | |||
<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages Prei-Phnom languages] | |||
<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>Preimic | |||
<ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>'''Vealphk'''</li></ul></li></ul></ul> | |||
| label10 = {{longitem|{{#if:{{{ancestor2|}}}|Early forms|Early form}}}} | |||
| data10 = Zhengian, [[wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_language|Preimeai]] | |||
| label11 = {{longitem|Standard forms}} | |||
| data11 = | |||
| label12 = Dialects | |||
| data12 = | |||
| rowclass12 = {{#if:{{{dialects|}}}||{{#if:{{{dia1|}}}|{{{listclass|{{{liststyle|plainlist}}}}}}}}}} | |||
| label13 = [[wikipedia:Writing system|Writing system]] | |||
| data13 = [[Zhoushi orthography|Vealphk Latin Alphabet]] | |||
| label14 = [[wikipedia:Manually coded language|Signed forms]] | |||
| data14 = {{#if:{{{sign|}}}|{{{sign}}}}} | |||
| label15 = Sources | |||
| data15 = {{{posteriori|}}} | |||
<!---------------------------------------------------------> | |||
| header16 = {{#if:{{{nation|}}}{{{minority|}}}{{{agency|}}}|Official status}} | |||
| label17 = {{longitem|Official language in}} | |||
| data17 = {{{nation|}}} | |||
| label18 = {{longitem|class=nowrap|Recognised minority<br />language in}} | |||
| data18 = {{Tree list}} | |||
*{{flag|Zhousheng}} | *{{flag|Zhousheng}} | ||
**[[File:MSUkadskFlag.png|border|link=|23px]] Ukadsk Region | **[[File:MSUkadskFlag.png|border|link=|23px]] Ukadsk Region | ||
Line 48: | Line 82: | ||
**[[File:Flag_of_Dei_Neak.png|border|link=|23px]] Dei Neak | **[[File:Flag_of_Dei_Neak.png|border|link=|23px]] Dei Neak | ||
{{Tree list/end}} | {{Tree list/end}} | ||
| | |||
| | | label19 = [[wikipedia:List of language regulators|Regulated by]] | ||
| | | data19 = {{{agency|{{#ifexpr:{{#if:{{{agency|}}}|1|0}} and {{#if:{{{creator|}}}{{{setting|}}}{{#ifeq:{{Infobox language/family-color|{{{familycolor|Default}}}}}|black|1}}|1|0}} | ||
| | | ''None'' | ||
| | <!-- | {{#if:{{{nation|}}}|''No official regulation''}} [this ends up claiming that languages have no regulation just cuz no-one bothered to add the regulator --> | ||
| | }}}}} | ||
| | |||
| | <!---------------------------------------------------------> | ||
| | | header20 = Language codes | ||
| | |||
| | | label21 = {{nowrap|[[wikipedia:ISO 639-1|ISO 639-1]]}} | ||
| | | data21 = VH | ||
| | |||
| | | label22 = {{nowrap|[[wikipedia:ISO 639-2|ISO 639-2]]}} | ||
| | | data22 = VPH | ||
| linglist | |||
| | | label23 = {{nowrap|[[wikipedia:ISO 639-3|ISO 639-3]]}} | ||
| linglist2 | | data23 = VPH | ||
| | |||
| | | label24 = {{nowrap|[[wikipedia:ISO 639-6|ISO 639-6]]}}<!-- NOTE: ISO 639-6 was withdrawn in 2014.--> | ||
| | | data24 = {{#if:{{{iso6|}}}|<code>{{{iso6}}}</code>}} | ||
| glottofoot | |||
| | | label25 = {{longitem|[[wikipedia:Linguist List|Linguist List]]}} | ||
| glotto2 | | data25 = {{Infobox language/linguistlist|1={{{linglist|}}} |2={{{lingname|}}}}} | ||
| | | label26 = | ||
| | | data26 = {{Infobox language/linguistlist|1={{{linglist2|}}}|2={{{lingname2|}}}}} | ||
| | | label27 = | ||
| | | data27 = {{Infobox language/linguistlist|1={{{linglist3|}}}|2={{{lingname3|}}}}} | ||
| | | label28 = | ||
| | | data28 = {{Infobox language/linguistlist|1={{{linglist4|}}}|2={{{lingname4|}}}}} | ||
| | | label29 = | ||
| | | data29 = {{Infobox language/linguistlist|1={{{linglist5|}}}|2={{{lingname5|}}}}} | ||
| | | label30 = | ||
| | | data30 = {{Infobox language/linguistlist|1={{{linglist6|}}}|2={{{lingname6|}}}}} | ||
| | |||
| | | label31 = [[wikipedia:Glottolog|Glottolog]] | ||
| | | data31 = {{#if:{{{glotto|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{glotto|}}}}}|none|''None''[[Category:Languages without Glottolog code]]|{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{glotto|}}}}}|spurious|(insufficiently attested or not a distinct language){{main other|[[Category:Languages rejected by Glottolog]]}}|<code>{{glottolink|{{{glotto}}}}}</code>{{#if:{{{glottoname|}}}| {{nowrap|{{{glottoname}}}}}}}{{#ifeq:{{{glottofoot|}}}|no||{{#tag:ref|{{Glottolog|{{{glotto}}}|{{{glottorefname|{{{glottoname|{{{name}}}}}}}}}}}|name="Glottolog"}}}}}}}}}}<!-- | ||
| | -->{{#if:{{{glotto2|}}}|{{#if:{{{glotto|}}}|<br />|<!--no break when more than one box on a page-->}}<code>{{glottolink|{{{glotto2}}}}}</code>{{#if:{{{glottoname2|}}}| {{nowrap|{{{glottoname2}}}}}}}{{#ifeq:{{{glottofoot|}}}|no||{{#tag:ref|{{Glottolog|{{{glotto2}}}|{{{glottorefname2|{{{glottoname2|{{{name}}}}}}}}}}}|name="Glottolog2"}}}}}}<!-- | ||
| map2 | -->{{#if:{{{glotto3|}}}|{{#if:{{{glotto2|}}}|<br />|<!--no break-->}}<code>{{glottolink|{{{glotto3}}}}}</code>{{#if:{{{glottoname3|}}}| {{nowrap|{{{glottoname3}}}}}}}{{#ifeq:{{{glottofoot|}}}|no||{{#tag:ref|{{Glottolog|{{{glotto3}}}|{{{glottorefname3|{{{glottoname3|{{{name}}}}}}}}}}}|name="Glottolog3"}}}}}}<!-- | ||
| mapalt2 | -->{{#if:{{{glotto4|}}}|{{#if:{{{glotto3|}}}|<br />|<!--no break-->}}<code>{{glottolink|{{{glotto4}}}}}</code>{{#if:{{{glottoname4|}}}| {{nowrap|{{{glottoname4}}}}}}}{{#ifeq:{{{glottofoot|}}}|no||{{#tag:ref|{{Glottolog|{{{glotto4}}}|{{{glottorefname4|{{{glottoname4|{{{name}}}}}}}}}}}|name="Glottolog4"}}}}}}<!-- | ||
| | -->{{#if:{{{glotto5|}}}|{{#if:{{{glotto4|}}}|<br />|<!--no break-->}}<code>{{glottolink|{{{glotto5}}}}}</code>{{#if:{{{glottoname5|}}}| {{nowrap|{{{glottoname5}}}}}}}{{#ifeq:{{{glottofoot|}}}|no||{{#tag:ref|{{Glottolog|{{{glotto5}}}|{{{glottorefname5|{{{glottoname5|{{{name}}}}}}}}}}}|name="Glottolog5"}}}}}} | ||
| wikibook | |||
| | | label32 = [[wikipedia:Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies|AIATSIS]]{{#if:{{{aiatsis|}}}|{{#tag:ref|{{AIATSIS|{{{aiatsis|}}}|{{{aiatsisname|{{{name}}}}}}|{{{aiatsis2|}}}}}|name="AIATSIS"}}}} | ||
| notice | | data32 = {{#if:{{{aiatsis|}}}|<code>[https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/{{{aiatsis}}} {{{aiatsis}}}]</code>{{#if:{{{aiatsisname|}}}| {{{aiatsisname}}}}} }}{{#if:{{{aiatsis2|}}}|, <code>[https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/{{{aiatsis2}}} {{{aiatsis2}}}]</code>{{#if:{{{aiatsisname2|}}}| {{{aiatsisname2}}}}} }}{{#if:{{{aiatsis3|}}}|, <code>[https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/{{{aiatsis3}}} {{{aiatsis3}}}]</code>{{#if:{{{aiatsisname3|}}}| {{{aiatsisname3}}}}} }}{{#if:{{{aiatsis4|}}}|, <code>[https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/{{{aiatsis4}}} {{{aiatsis4}}}]</code>{{#if:{{{aiatsisname4|}}}| {{{aiatsisname4}}}}} }}{{#if:{{{aiatsis5|}}}|, <code>[https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/{{{aiatsis5}}} {{{aiatsis5}}}]</code>{{#if:{{{aiatsisname5|}}}| {{{aiatsisname5}}}}} }}{{#if:{{{aiatsis6|}}}|, <code>[https://collection.aiatsis.gov.au/austlang/language/{{{aiatsis6}}} {{{aiatsis6}}}]</code>{{#if:{{{aiatsisname6|}}}| {{{aiatsisname6}}}}} }} | ||
| label33 = {{longitem|{{allow wrap|[[wikipedia:Guthrie classification of Bantu languages|Guthrie code]]}}}} | |||
| data33 = {{#if:{{{guthrie|}}}|<code>{{{guthrie}}}</code><ref name="Guthrie">Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180203191542/http://goto.glocalnet.net/mahopapers/nuglonline.pdf New Updated Guthrie List Online]</ref>}} | |||
| label34 = [[wikipedia:Linguasphere Observatory|Linguasphere]] | |||
| data34 = {{#if:{{{lingua|}}}|<code>{{{lingua}}}</code>{{{lingua_ref|}}}}} | |||
| label35 = [[wikipedia:IETF language tag|IETF]] | |||
| data35 = {{#if:{{{ietf|}}}|<code>{{{ietf}}}</code>{{Main other|[[Category:Language articles with IETF language tag]]}}}} | |||
| data36 = [[File:VealphkLangMap.png|220px]] | |||
<div style="text-align:left;">Distribution of the language<br>{{legend|#007FFE|Absolute majority}}{{legend|#87C3FE|>30% of native speakers}}</div> | |||
| data37 = {{#if:{{{map2|}}} | |||
| {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map2}}}|size={{{mapsize|}}}|sizedefault=220px|alt={{{mapalt2|}}}}}{{#if:{{{mapcaption2|}}}|<div style="text-align:left;">{{{mapcaption2}}}</div>}} | |||
}} | |||
| label38 = Wikibook | |||
| data38 = {{#if:{{{wikibook|}}}|[[Wikibooks: {{{wikibook|}}}]] }} | |||
| data40 = {{{module|}}} | |||
<!---------------------------------------------------------> | |||
| belowclass = noprint selfref | |||
| belowstyle = background-color:#ddddff;padding:0.3em 0.5em;text-align:left;line-height:1.3; | |||
| below = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{notice|{{{notice2|}}}}}}}}|ipa | |||
|'''This article contains [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] phonetic symbols.''' Without proper [[wikipedia:Help:IPA#Rendering issues|rendering support]], you may see [[wikipedia:Replacement character|question marks, boxes, or other symbols]] instead of [[wikipedia:Unicode|Unicode]] characters. For a guide to IPA symbols, see [[wikipedia:Help:IPA|Help:IPA]]. | |||
}} | |||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Vealphk language''' is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_languages Slavic]-[[wikipedia:Austroasiatic languages|Prei-Phnom]] [[wikipedia:Macaronic language|macaronic language]] out of [[Kento-Poylash languages|Kento-Polyash language group]], which is a minority language spoken in mountainous parts of the Ukadsk Region of [[Zhousheng]] and the Dei Neak in [[Prei Meas]] | The '''Vealphk language''' is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_languages Slavic]-[[wikipedia:Austroasiatic languages|Prei-Phnom]] [[wikipedia:Macaronic language|macaronic language]] out of [[Kento-Poylash languages|Kento-Polyash language group]], which is a minority language spoken in mountainous parts of the Ukadsk Region of [[Zhousheng]] and the Dei Neak in [[Prei Meas]] |
Revision as of 12:46, 25 September 2021
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Vealphk language | |
---|---|
Velpan, Vazhin | |
Vaʒ’inci jәzyk | |
Pronunciation | /vaʒʔintskɨː‐jəzɨk/ |
Native to | Vaʒ’ina[1] |
Region | Slavic Belt in Thuadia |
Ethnicity | Vealphk |
Native speakers | L1: L2: FL: |
Language family | Thuado-Thrismaran
|
Early form | Zhengian, Preimeai |
Writing system | Vealphk Latin Alphabet |
Recognised minority language in | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-1 | VH |
ISO 639-2 | VPH |
ISO 639-3 | VPH |
File:VealphkLangMap.png
Distribution of the language
Absolute majority >30% of native speakers |
The Vealphk language is a Slavic-Prei-Phnom macaronic language out of Kento-Polyash language group, which is a minority language spoken in mountainous parts of the Ukadsk Region of Zhousheng and the Dei Neak in Prei Meas
Introduction
The language has a slavic root and grammar, but has developed along with strong preimeai influences, which helped to develop its vocabulary, phonology and multiple grammatical rules. Unlike other Slavic languages, Vealphk has integrated the inflection suffixes of all numbers into a single system and denotes the number by adding a prefix. Vealphk has four grammatical numbers (Singular, Dual, Paucal and Plural), and 8 Indo-European grammatical cases (Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Locative, Instrumentative, Ablative & Vocative).
Alphabet
A a | B b | C c | Ч ч | D d | Ð ð | E e | Є є | F f | G g |
H h | Ȝ ȝ | I i | J j | K k | L l | M m | N n | Ɲ ɲ | Ŋ ŋ |
O o | Ȣ ȣ | P p | Q q | R r | Ꝛ ꝛ | S s | Ш ш | Ә ә | T t |
Ꞇ ꞇ | U u | V v | Ƿ ƿ | X x | Y y | Z z | Ʒ ʒ | ’ |
The change from Ө to Ȣ
Ȣ ȣ ; Ө ө
In 1970's, the development of the unified alphabet was created, replacing the Zhoushi letter Ө with a symbol Ȣ, which is a lignature of U and O. This change happened due to the similarity to the symbol Ә.
The alternative proposal to use Borelian orthography and use capital-miniscule pair of &-ε for /ə/ and pair Ө-ө for /u͡o ~ u͡ɔ/.
Keyboard version
They keyboard uses a classical QǷERTY keyboard overlay, but due to the other layer above it, it is sometimes intentionally called ꞆÐЄШЧꝚ.
Keyboard overlay with Shift (⇧) turned on | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ꞇ | Ð | Є | Ш | Ч | Ꝛ | Ʒ | Ә | Ŋ | Ɲ | Ȝ | % | ‽ | ⌫ | ||||||||||||||||||
↹ | Q | Ƿ | E | R | T | Y | U | I | O | P | Ȣ | ʔ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
⇪ | A | S | D | F | G | H | J | K | L | “ | ' | ⏎ | |||||||||||||||||||
⇧ | Z | X | C | V | B | N | M | ? | ! | : | ⇧ | ||||||||||||||||||||
⌘ | ⊞ | ⎇ | Space | ⎇ | ⊞ | ≣ | ⌘ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Keyboard overlay with Shift (⇧) turned off | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ꞇ | ð | є | ш | ч | ꝛ | ʒ | ә | ŋ | ɲ | ȝ | = | + | ⌫ | ||||||||||||||||||
↹ | q | ƿ | e | r | t | y | u | i | o | p | ȣ | ’ | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
⇪ | a | s | d | f | g | h | j | k | l | „ | ' | ⏎ | |||||||||||||||||||
⇧ | z | x | c | v | b | n | m | , | . | - | ⇧ | ||||||||||||||||||||
⌘ | ⊞ | ⎇ | Space | ⎇ | ⊞ | ≣ | ⌘ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Keyboard overlay with Alt (⎇) turned on | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ᚴ | ⵒ | ᘐ | ⌫ | ||||||||||||||||||
↹ | W | w | ֆ | < | > | ÷ | × | ↑ | Ө | ө | ∈ | ⋃ | ⋂ | ||||||||||||||||||
⇪ | ₳ | ſ | ᕋ | √ | [ | ] | ← | ↓ | → | ∃ | ∀ | ⏎ | |||||||||||||||||||
⇧ | ᵴ | Ӿ | & | ε | Þ | þ | ≠ | ∢ | ⋀ | ⋁ | ⇧ | ||||||||||||||||||||
⌘ | ⊞ | ⎇ | Space | ⎇ | ⊞ | ≣ | ⌘ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
F key layer (with Zhoushi numerals) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
⎋ | ㅤ | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | ㅤ | F5 | F6 | F7 | F8 | ㅤ | F9 | Fᚴ | Fⵒ | Fᘐ |
Phonology
Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bilabial | Labiodental | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Postal-veolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |||||||||||||
Nasal | m̥ (m) |
m (m) |
n (n) |
ɳ (n) |
ɲ (ɲ) |
ŋ (ŋ) |
||||||||||||||||||
Plosive | p (p) |
b (b) |
t (t) |
d (d) |
ʈ (t) |
ɖ (d) |
c (ꞇ) |
ɟ (dj) |
k (k) |
g (g) |
ʔ (’) |
|||||||||||||
Sibilant affricate | ʦ (c) |
ʣ (dz) |
ʧ (ч) |
tʂ (ч) |
ʨ (ч) |
|||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant fricative | s (s) |
z (z) |
ʃ (ш) |
ʒ (ʒ) |
ʂ (ш) |
ʐ (ʒ) |
ɕ (ш) |
ʑ (ʒ) |
||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant fricative | f (f) |
v (v) |
θ (ð) |
ð (ð) |
ʝ (j) |
x (ȝ) |
χ (ȝ) |
h (h) |
ɦ (h) | |||||||||||||||
Approximant | ʋ (ƿ) |
j (j) |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Tap/Flap | ɾ̥ (r) |
ɾ (r) |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Trill | r̥ (r) r̝̊ (ꝛ) |
r (r) r̝ (ꝛ) |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Latelar approximant | l (l) |
ȴ (l) |
ʟ (l) |
Tongue position | Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Close | i (i) |
ɨ (y) |
u (u) | |||||||
Near-close | ɪ (i) |
|||||||||
Close-mid | e (e) |
o (o) | ||||||||
Mid | ə (ә) |
|||||||||
Open-mid | ɛ (e) |
ʌ (o) |
ɔ (o) | |||||||
Near-open | ||||||||||
Open | a (a) |
ɑ (a) |
ɒ (a) | |||||||
Diphthong | a͡u (au) ~ ɛ͡u (eu) ~ e͡u (eu) ~ o͡u (ou) ~ ɔ͡u (ou) ~ u͡o (ȣ) ~ u͡ɔ (ȣ) ~ a͡e (ae) ~ a͡i (ai) | |||||||||
Long vowels | aː (a) ~ ɛː (e) ~ eː (e) ~ iː (i) ~ ɪː (i) ~ oː (o) ~ ɔː (o) ~ əː (ә) ~ uː (u) ~ ɨː (y) |
Bold are the common sounds, while regular sounds may happen in dialects and/or in a world for easier pronunciation
Nouns and adjectives
Translation to Common | Code | Nom. | Gen. | Dat. | Acc. | Loc. | Ins. | Abl. | Voc. | Adj. | Adv. | Dual | Paucal | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soft declensions | ||||||||||||||||
Man | S1 | Muʒ | Muʒe | Muʒi | Muʒe | Muʒi | Muʒem | Muʒi | Muʒi! | Muʒki | Muʒko | Ðimuʒ | Ɲemuʒ | Vimuʒ | ||
∅ | -e | -i | -e | -i | -em | -i | -i! | -ki | -ko | Ði- | Ɲe- | Vi- | ||||
Machine | S2 | Stroj | Stroje | Stroji | Stroj | Stroji | Strojem | Strojy | Stroji! | Strojɲi | Strojno | Ðistroj | Ɲestroj | Vistroj | ||
∅ | -e | -i | ∅ | -i | -em | -y | -i! | -ɲi | -no | Ði- | Ɲe- | Vi- | ||||
Sea | S3 | Moꝛe | Moꝛe | Moꝛi | Moꝛe | Moꝛi | Moꝛem | Moꝛy | Moꝛe! | Moꝛki | Moꝛko | Ðimoꝛe | Ɲemoꝛe | Vimoꝛe | ||
-e | -e | -i | -e | -i | -em | -y | -e! | -ki | -ko | Ði- | Ɲe- | Vi- | ||||
Rose | S4 | Rȣʒe | Rȣʒe | Rȣʒi | Rȣʒi | Rȣʒi | Rȣʒi | Rȣʒe | Rȣʒe! | Rȣʒovi | Rȣʒovo | Ðirȣʒe | Ɲerȣʒe | Virȣʒe | ||
-e | -e | -i | -i | -i | -i | -e | -e! | -ovi | -ovo | Ði- | Ɲe- | Vi- | ||||
Hard declensions | ||||||||||||||||
Sir | H1 | Paŋ | Paŋa | Paŋovi | Paŋa | Paŋovi | Paŋem | Paŋi | Paŋe! | Paŋcki | Paŋcko | Dypaŋ | Mapaŋ | Hopaŋ | ||
∅ | -a | -ovi | -a | -ovi | -em | -i | -e! | -cki | -cko | Dy- | Ma- | Ho- | ||||
State | H2 | Dȣm | Dȣmu | Dȣmu | Dȣm | Dȣmu | Dȣmem | Dȣmy | Dȣme! | Dȣmovɲi | Dȣmovno | Dydȣm | Madȣm | Hodȣm | ||
∅ | -u | -u | ∅ | -u | -em | -y | -e! | -ovɲi | -ovno | Dy- | Ma- | Ho- | ||||
Word | H3 | Slovo | Slova | Slovu | Slovo | Slovu | Slovem | Slovy | Slovo! | Slovɲi | Slovno | Dyslovo | Maslovo | Hoslovo | ||
-o | -a | -u | -o | -u | -em | -y | -o! | -ɲi | -no | Dy- | Ma- | Ho- | ||||
Woman | H4 | Ʒәna | Ʒәny | Ʒәn’je | Ʒәnu | Ʒәn’je | Ʒәnȣ | Ʒәni | Ʒәno! | Ʒәncki | Ʒәncko | Dyʒәna | Maʒәna | Hoʒәna | ||
-a | -y | -’je | -u | -’je | -ȣ | -i | -o! | -cki | -cko | Dy- | Ma- | Ho- | ||||
Consonantal declensions | ||||||||||||||||
Adjectives
BTA
Pronouns
TBA
Numbers
TBA
Verbs
TBA
Adverbs
TBA
- ↑ Vaʒ’ina was a former semi-independent principality stationed between the First Nokor of Prei Meas and the Empire of Three Kings, which was eventually split into two in 1870's by the State of Zhengia and the Protectorate of Dei Neak set up by Neuewland