Vealphk language: Difference between revisions
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|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | |bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless bilabial nasal|m̥]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless bilabial nasal|m̥]]</big><br><nowiki>(m)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]</big><br><nowiki>(m)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
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|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar nasals|n]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar nasals|n]]</big><br><nowiki>(n)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced retroflex nasal|ɳ]]</big><br><nowiki>(n)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]</big><br><nowiki>(ɲ)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]]</big><br><nowiki>(ŋ)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
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|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Plosive|Plosive]] | |bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Plosive|Plosive]] | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]]</big><br><nowiki>(p)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced bilabial plosive|b]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced bilabial plosive|b]]</big><br><nowiki>(b)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
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|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]]</big><br><nowiki>(t)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]]</big><br><nowiki>(d)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless retroflex plosive|ʈ]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless retroflex plosive|ʈ]]</big><br><nowiki>(t)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced retroflex plosive|ɖ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced retroflex plosive|ɖ]]</big><br><nowiki>(d)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless palatal plosive|c]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless palatal plosive|c]]</big><br><nowiki>(ꞇ)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal plosive|ɟ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal plosive|ɟ]]</big><br><nowiki>(dj)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless velar plosive|k]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless velar plosive|k]]</big><br><nowiki>(k)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced velar plosive|g]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced velar plosive|g]]</big><br><nowiki>(g)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<!--<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless uvular plosive|q]]</big>--> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<!--<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless uvular plosive|q]]</big>--> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Glottal stop|ʔ]]</big>''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Glottal stop|ʔ]]</big>'''<br><nowiki>(’)</nowiki> | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar affricate#Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate|ʦ]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar affricate#Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate|ʦ]]</big><br><nowiki>(c)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolar affricate#Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate|ʣ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolar affricate#Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate|ʣ]]</big><br><nowiki>(dz)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|ʧ]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|ʧ]]</big><br><nowiki>(ч)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<!--<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced postalveolar affricate|ʤ]]</big>--> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<!--<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced postalveolar affricate|ʤ]]</big>--> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless retroflex affricate|tʂ]]</big><!-- ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless retroflex affricate|ʈʂ]]</big>--> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless retroflex affricate|tʂ]]</big><br><nowiki>(ч)</nowiki><!-- ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless retroflex affricate|ʈʂ]]</big>--> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<!--<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced retroflex affricate|dʐ]]</big> ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Voiced retroflex affricate|ɖʐ]]</big>--> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<!--<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced retroflex affricate|dʐ]]</big> ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Voiced retroflex affricate|ɖʐ]]</big>--> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate|ʨ]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate|ʨ]]</big><br><nowiki>(ч)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<!--<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate|ʥ]]</big>--> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<!--<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate|ʥ]]</big>--> | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
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|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar fricative#Voiceless alveolar sibilants|s]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar fricative#Voiceless alveolar sibilants|s]]</big><br><nowiki>(s)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolar fricative#Voiced alveolar sibilant|z]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolar fricative#Voiced alveolar sibilant|z]]</big><br><nowiki>(z)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]]</big><br><nowiki>(ш)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]]</big><br><nowiki>(ʒ)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless retroflex fricative|ʂ]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless retroflex fricative|ʂ]]</big><br><nowiki>(ш)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced retroflex fricative|ʐ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced retroflex fricative|ʐ]]</big><br><nowiki>(ʒ)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative|ɕ]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative|ɕ]]</big><br><nowiki>(ш)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative|ʑ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative|ʑ]]</big><br><nowiki>(ʒ)</nowiki> | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
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|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]]</big><br><nowiki>(f)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]</big><br><nowiki>(v)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless dental fricative|θ]]</big><br><nowiki>(ð)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental fricative|ð]]</big><br><nowiki>(ð)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
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|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal fricative|ʝ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal fricative|ʝ]]</big><br><nowiki>(j)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless velar fricative|x]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless velar fricative|x]]</big><br><nowiki>(ȝ)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless uvular fricative|χ]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless uvular fricative|χ]]</big><br><nowiki>(ȝ)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]]</big><br><nowiki>(h)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced glottal fricative|ɦ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced glottal fricative|ɦ]]</big><br><nowiki>(h)</nowiki> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Approximant|Approximant]] | |bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Approximant|Approximant]] | ||
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|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced labiodental approximant|ʋ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced labiodental approximant|ʋ]]</big><br><nowiki>(ƿ)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
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|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]</big><br><nowiki>(j)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
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|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar tap and flap|ɾ̥]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar tap and flap|ɾ̥]]</big><br><nowiki>(r)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps#Voiced alveolar tap and flap|ɾ]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps#Voiced alveolar tap and flap|ɾ]]</big><br><nowiki>(r)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
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|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar trill|r̥]]</big>''' ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar trill#Voiceless alveolar fricative trill|r̝̊]]</big>''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar trill|r̥]]</big> <nowiki>(r)</nowiki>''' ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiceless alveolar trill#Voiceless alveolar fricative trill|r̝̊]]</big> <nowiki>(ꝛ)</nowiki>''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar trills#Voiced alveolar trill|r]]</big>''' ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar trills#Voiced alveolar fricative trill|r̝]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar trills#Voiced alveolar trill|r]]</big> <nowiki>(r)</nowiki>''' ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar trills#Voiced alveolar fricative trill|r̝]]</big> <nowiki>(ꝛ)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
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|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants|l]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants|l]]</big><br><nowiki>(l)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; border-left:none; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
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|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal lateral approximant|ȴ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced palatal lateral approximant|ȴ]]</big><br><nowiki>(l)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced velar lateral approximant|ʟ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Voiced velar lateral approximant|ʟ]]</big><br><nowiki>(l)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Close vowel|Close]] | |bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Close vowel|Close]] | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]</big><br><nowiki>(i)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]]</big><br><nowiki>(y)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]]</big><br><nowiki>(u)</nowiki> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Near-close vowel|Near-close]] | |bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Near-close vowel|Near-close]] | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪ]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪ]]</big><br><nowiki>(i)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]] | |bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]] | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]</big><br><nowiki>(e)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
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|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]</big><br><nowiki>(o)</nowiki> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Mid vowel|Mid]] | |bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Mid vowel|Mid]] | ||
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|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|colspan="2"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Mid central vowel|ə]]</big> | |colspan="2"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Mid central vowel|ə]]</big><br><nowiki>(ә)</nowiki> | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]] | |bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]] | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]</big><br><nowiki>(e)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
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|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid back unrounded vowel|ʌ]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid back unrounded vowel|ʌ]]</big><br><nowiki>(o)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]</big><br><nowiki>(o)</nowiki> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Near-open vowel|Near-open]] | |bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Near-open vowel|Near-open]] | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Open vowel|Open]] | |bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Open vowel|Open]] | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|a]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|a]]</big><br><nowiki>(a)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
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|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | |bgcolor=#DDDDDD style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|''' | ||
|style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ]]</big> | |style="border-right:none; width: 50px; padding-right:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Open back unrounded vowel|ɑ]]</big><br><nowiki>(a)</nowiki> | ||
|style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Open back rounded vowel|ɒ]]</big> | |style="border-left:none; width: 50px; padding-left:0; text-align:center;"|<big>[[wikipedia:Open back rounded vowel|ɒ]]</big><br><nowiki>(a)</nowiki> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Diphthong|Diphthong]] | |bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Diphthong|Diphthong]] | ||
|colspan="10"|<big>[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|a]]</big>͡<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]]</big> ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]</big>͡<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]]</big> ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]</big>͡<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]]</big> ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]</big>͡<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]]</big> ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]</big>͡<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]]</big> ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]]</big>͡<big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]</big>''' ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]]</big>͡<big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]</big>''' ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|a]]</big>͡<big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]</big> ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|a]]</big>͡<big>[[wikipedia:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]</big> | |colspan="10"|<big>[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|a]]</big>͡<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]]</big> <nowiki>(au)</nowiki> ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]]</big>͡<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]]</big> <nowiki>(eu)</nowiki> ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]</big>͡<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]]</big> <nowiki>()</nowiki> ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]</big>͡<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]]</big> <nowiki>(ou)</nowiki> ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]</big>͡<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]]</big> <nowiki>(ou)</nowiki> ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]]</big>͡<big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]</big> <nowiki>(ȣ)</nowiki>''' ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|u]]</big>͡<big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔ]]</big> <nowiki>(ȣ)</nowiki>''' ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|a]]</big>͡<big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]]</big> <nowiki>(ae)</nowiki> ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|a]]</big>͡<big>[[wikipedia:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]</big> <nowiki>(ai)</nowiki> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Vowel length|Long vowels]] | |bgcolor=#EAECF0|'''[[wikipedia:Vowel length|Long vowels]] | ||
|colspan="10"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|aː]]</big>''' ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛː]]</big>''' ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|eː]]</big> ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Close front unrounded vowel|iː]]</big>''' ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪː]]</big>''' ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid back rounded vowel|oː]]</big> ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔː]]</big>''' ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Mid central vowel|əː]]</big>''' ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|uː]]</big>''' ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Close central unrounded vowel|ɨː]]</big>''' | |colspan="10"|'''<big>[[wikipedia:Open front unrounded vowel|aː]]</big> <nowiki>(a)</nowiki>''' ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛː]]</big> <nowiki>(e)</nowiki>''' ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|eː]]</big> <nowiki>(e)</nowiki> ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Close front unrounded vowel|iː]]</big> <nowiki>(i)</nowiki>''' ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Near-close near-front unrounded vowel|ɪː]]</big> <nowiki>(i)</nowiki>''' ~ <big>[[wikipedia:Close-mid back rounded vowel|oː]]</big> <nowiki>(o)</nowiki> ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Open-mid back rounded vowel|ɔː]]</big> <nowiki>(o)</nowiki>''' ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Mid central vowel|əː]]</big> <nowiki>(ә)</nowiki>''' ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Close back rounded vowel|uː]]</big> <nowiki>(u)</nowiki>''' ~ '''<big>[[wikipedia:Close central unrounded vowel|ɨː]]</big> <nowiki>(y)</nowiki>''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
'''<big>Bold</big>''' ''are the common sounds, while'' <big>regular</big> ''sounds may happen in dialects and/or in a world for easier pronunciation | '''<big>Bold</big>''' ''are the common sounds, while'' <big>regular</big> ''sounds may happen in dialects and/or in a world for easier pronunciation | ||
==Nouns and adjectives== | ==Nouns and adjectives== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |
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Vealphk | |
---|---|
Velpan, Vazhin | |
Vaʒ’inci jәzyk | |
Pronunciation | /vaʒʔintskɨː‐jəzɨk/ |
Native to | Vaʒ’ina[1] |
Region | Slavic Belt in Thuadia |
Ethnicity | Vealphk |
Native speakers | L1: L2: FL: |
Thuado-Thrismaran
| |
Vealphk Latin Alphabet | |
Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-1 | VH |
ISO 639-2 | VPH |
ISO 639-3 | VPH |
File:VealphkLangMap.png Distribution of the language
Absolute majority >30% of native speakers | |
The Vealphk language is a Slavic-Prei-Phnom macaronic language out of Kento-Polyash language group, which is a minority language spoken in mountainous parts of the Ukadsk Region of Zhousheng and the Dei Neak in Prei Meas
Introduction
The language has a slavic root and grammar, but has developed along with strong preimeai influences, which helped to develop its vocabulary, phonology and multiple grammatical rules. Unlike other Slavic languages, Vealphk has integrated the inflection suffixes of all numbers into a single system and denotes the number by adding a prefix. Vealphk has four grammatical numbers (Singular, Dual, Paucal and Plural), and 8 Indo-European grammatical cases (Nominative, Genitive, Dative, Accusative, Locative, Instrumentative, Ablative & Vocative).
Alphabet
A a | B b | C c | Ч ч | D d | Ð ð | E e | Є є | F f | G g |
H h | Ȝ ȝ | I i | J j | K k | L l | M m | N n | Ɲ ɲ | Ŋ ŋ |
O o | Ȣ ȣ | P p | Q q | R r | Ꝛ ꝛ | S s | Ш ш | Ә ә | T t |
Ꞇ ꞇ | U u | V v | Ƿ ƿ | X x | Y y | Z z | Ʒ ʒ | ’ |
The change from Ө to Ȣ
Ȣ ȣ ; Ө ө
In 1970's, the development of the unified alphabet was created, replacing the Zhoushi letter Ө with a symbol Ȣ, which is a lignature of U and O. This change happened due to the similarity to the symbol Ә.
The alternative proposal to use Borelian orthography and use capital-miniscule pair of &-ε for /ə/ and pair Ө-ө for /u͡o ~ u͡ɔ/.
Keyboard version
They keyboard uses a classical QǷERTY keyboard overlay, but due to the other layer above it, it is sometimes intentionally called ꞆÐЄШЧꝚ.
Keyboard overlay with Shift (⇧) turned on | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ꞇ | Ð | Є | Ш | Ч | Ꝛ | Ʒ | Ә | Ŋ | Ɲ | Ȝ | % | ‽ | ⌫ | ||||||||||||||||||
↹ | Q | Ƿ | E | R | T | Y | U | I | O | P | Ȣ | ʔ | ( | ||||||||||||||||||
⇪ | A | S | D | F | G | H | J | K | L | “ | ' | ⏎ | |||||||||||||||||||
⇧ | Z | X | C | V | B | N | M | ? | ! | : | ⇧ | ||||||||||||||||||||
⌘ | ⊞ | ⎇ | Space | ⎇ | ⊞ | ≣ | ⌘ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Keyboard overlay with Shift (⇧) turned off | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ꞇ | ð | є | ш | ч | ꝛ | ʒ | ә | ŋ | ɲ | ȝ | = | + | ⌫ | ||||||||||||||||||
↹ | q | ƿ | e | r | t | y | u | i | o | p | ȣ | ’ | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
⇪ | a | s | d | f | g | h | j | k | l | „ | ' | ⏎ | |||||||||||||||||||
⇧ | z | x | c | v | b | n | m | , | . | - | ⇧ | ||||||||||||||||||||
⌘ | ⊞ | ⎇ | Space | ⎇ | ⊞ | ≣ | ⌘ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Keyboard overlay with Alt (⎇) turned on | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | ᚴ | ⵒ | ᘐ | ⌫ | ||||||||||||||||||
↹ | W | w | ֆ | < | > | ÷ | × | ↑ | Ө | ө | ∈ | ⋃ | ⋂ | ||||||||||||||||||
⇪ | ₳ | ſ | ᕋ | √ | [ | ] | ← | ↓ | → | ∃ | ∀ | ⏎ | |||||||||||||||||||
⇧ | ᵴ | Ӿ | & | ε | Þ | þ | ≠ | ∢ | ⋀ | ⋁ | ⇧ | ||||||||||||||||||||
⌘ | ⊞ | ⎇ | Space | ⎇ | ⊞ | ≣ | ⌘ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
F key layer (with Zhoushi numerals) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
⎋ | ㅤ | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 | ㅤ | F5 | F6 | F7 | F8 | ㅤ | F9 | Fᚴ | Fⵒ | Fᘐ |
Phonology
Labial | Coronal | Dorsal | Laryngeal | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bilabial | Labiodental | Linguolabial | Dental | Alveolar | Postal-veolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |||||||||||||
Nasal | m̥ (m) |
m (m) |
n (n) |
ɳ (n) |
ɲ (ɲ) |
ŋ (ŋ) |
||||||||||||||||||
Plosive | p (p) |
b (b) |
t (t) |
d (d) |
ʈ (t) |
ɖ (d) |
c (ꞇ) |
ɟ (dj) |
k (k) |
g (g) |
ʔ (’) |
|||||||||||||
Sibilant affricate | ʦ (c) |
ʣ (dz) |
ʧ (ч) |
tʂ (ч) |
ʨ (ч) |
|||||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sibilant fricative | s (s) |
z (z) |
ʃ (ш) |
ʒ (ʒ) |
ʂ (ш) |
ʐ (ʒ) |
ɕ (ш) |
ʑ (ʒ) |
||||||||||||||||
Non-sibilant fricative | f (f) |
v (v) |
θ (ð) |
ð (ð) |
ʝ (j) |
x (ȝ) |
χ (ȝ) |
h (h) |
ɦ (h) | |||||||||||||||
Approximant | ʋ (ƿ) |
j (j) |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Tap/Flap | ɾ̥ (r) |
ɾ (r) |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Trill | r̥ (r) ~ r̝̊ (ꝛ) | r (r) ~ r̝ (ꝛ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Latelar affricate | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Latelar fricative | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Latelar approximant | l (l) |
ȴ (l) |
ʟ (l) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Latelar tap/flap |
Tongue position | Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Close | i (i) |
ɨ (y) |
u (u) | |||||||
Near-close | ɪ (i) |
|||||||||
Close-mid | e (e) |
o (o) | ||||||||
Mid | ə (ә) |
|||||||||
Open-mid | ɛ (e) |
ʌ (o) |
ɔ (o) | |||||||
Near-open | ||||||||||
Open | a (a) |
ɑ (a) |
ɒ (a) | |||||||
Diphthong | a͡u (au) ~ ɛ͡u (eu) ~ e͡u () ~ o͡u (ou) ~ ɔ͡u (ou) ~ u͡o (ȣ) ~ u͡ɔ (ȣ) ~ a͡e (ae) ~ a͡i (ai) | |||||||||
Long vowels | aː (a) ~ ɛː (e) ~ eː (e) ~ iː (i) ~ ɪː (i) ~ oː (o) ~ ɔː (o) ~ əː (ә) ~ uː (u) ~ ɨː (y) |
Bold are the common sounds, while regular sounds may happen in dialects and/or in a world for easier pronunciation
Nouns and adjectives
Translation to Common | Code | Nom. | Gen. | Dat. | Acc. | Loc. | Ins. | Abl. | Voc. | Adj. | Adv. | Dual | Paucal | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soft declensions | ||||||||||||||||
Man | S1 | Muʒ | Muʒe | Muʒi | Muʒe | Muʒi | Muʒem | Muʒi | Muʒi! | Muʒki | Muʒko | Ðimuʒ | Ɲemuʒ | Vimuʒ | ||
∅ | -e | -i | -e | -i | -em | -i | -i! | -ki | -ko | Ði- | Ɲe- | Vi- | ||||
Machine | S2 | Stroj | Stroje | Stroji | Stroj | Stroji | Strojem | Strojy | Stroji! | Strojɲi | Strojno | Ðistroj | Ɲestroj | Vistroj | ||
∅ | -e | -i | ∅ | -i | -em | -y | -i! | -ɲi | -no | Ði- | Ɲe- | Vi- | ||||
Sea | S3 | Moꝛe | Moꝛe | Moꝛi | Moꝛe | Moꝛi | Moꝛem | Moꝛy | Moꝛe! | Moꝛki | Moꝛko | Ðimoꝛe | Ɲemoꝛe | Vimoꝛe | ||
-e | -e | -i | -e | -i | -em | -y | -e! | -ki | -ko | Ði- | Ɲe- | Vi- | ||||
Rose | S4 | Rȣʒe | Rȣʒe | Rȣʒi | Rȣʒi | Rȣʒi | Rȣʒi | Rȣʒe | Rȣʒe! | Rȣʒovi | Rȣʒovo | Ðirȣʒe | Ɲerȣʒe | Virȣʒe | ||
-e | -e | -i | -i | -i | -i | -e | -e! | -ovi | -ovo | Ði- | Ɲe- | Vi- | ||||
Hard declensions | ||||||||||||||||
Sir | H1 | Paŋ | Paŋa | Paŋovi | Paŋa | Paŋovi | Paŋem | Paŋi | Paŋe! | Paŋcki | Paŋcko | Dypaŋ | Mapaŋ | Hopaŋ | ||
∅ | -a | -ovi | -a | -ovi | -em | -i | -e! | -cki | -cko | Dy- | Ma- | Ho- | ||||
State | H2 | Dȣm | Dȣmu | Dȣmu | Dȣm | Dȣmu | Dȣmem | Dȣmy | Dȣme! | Dȣmovɲi | Dȣmovno | Dydȣm | Madȣm | Hodȣm | ||
∅ | -u | -u | ∅ | -u | -em | -y | -e! | -ovɲi | -ovno | Dy- | Ma- | Ho- | ||||
Word | H3 | Slovo | Slova | Slovu | Slovo | Slovu | Slovem | Slovy | Slovo! | Slovɲi | Slovno | Dyslovo | Maslovo | Hoslovo | ||
-o | -a | -u | -o | -u | -em | -y | -o! | -ɲi | -no | Dy- | Ma- | Ho- | ||||
Woman | H4 | Ʒәna | Ʒәny | Ʒәn’je | Ʒәnu | Ʒәn’je | Ʒәnȣ | Ʒәni | Ʒәno! | Ʒәncki | Ʒәncko | Dyʒәna | Maʒәna | Hoʒәna | ||
-a | -y | -’je | -u | -’je | -ȣ | -i | -o! | -cki | -cko | Dy- | Ma- | Ho- | ||||
Consonantal declensions | ||||||||||||||||
Adjectives
BTA
Pronouns
TBA
Numbers
TBA
Verbs
TBA
Adverbs
TBA
- ↑ Vaʒ’ina was a former semi-independent principality stationed between the First Nokor of Prei Meas and the Empire of Three Kings, which was eventually split into two in 1870's by the State of Zhengia and the Protectorate of Dei Neak set up by Neuewland