User:Sinharia/Sandbox1
Republic of Sohar Rahelian: جمهورية صحار | |
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| Capital and largest city | Sanafir |
| Official languages | Rahelian |
| Ethnic groups (2019) | Rahelian (67%) Amazigh (26%) Anniserian (3%) Atudite (3%) Other (1%) |
| Religion (2019) | Irfan (97%) Atudism (2%) Other (1%) |
| Demonym(s) | Soharan |
| Government | Unitary dominant-party semi-presidential republic |
| Husani Kanaan | |
• Deputy President | Maged Sayegh |
| Legislature | Parliament |
| People's Council | |
| National Assembly | |
| Establishment | |
• Independence from Estmere | 9 September 1948 |
• Admission to the Community of Nations | 14 October 1950 |
• Current Constitution | 15 June 1987 |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,534,132.2 km2 (592,331.8 sq mi) |
• Water (%) | 1.2% |
| Population | |
• 2021 estimate | 40,159,042 |
• 2019 census | 38,753,475 |
• Density | 26.2/km2 (67.9/sq mi) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2021 estimate |
• Total | $596 billion |
• Per capita | $14,864 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2020 estimate |
• Total | $164 billion |
• Per capita | $4,103 |
| Gini (2018) | 32.4 medium |
| HDI (2019) | 0.728 high |
| Currency | Soharan dinar (SOD) |
| Date format | dd-mm-yyyy (AD) |
| Driving side | left |
| Calling code | +103 |
| Internet TLD | .so |
Sohar (Rahelian: صحار), officially the Republic of Sohar (Rahelian: جمهورية صحار) is a country in Rahelia. It is bordered to the south by Tsabara and Behera, to the south and east by Nise, and to the west by xx. With an estimated population of 40,902,179 in 2022, it is the 17th most populous nation in Coius and the 27th most populous in the world. The population is largely concentrated in the the fertile and urbanized coastal plain west of the Adras mountains, with the interior regions being arid and thinly populated. Sohar is the xxth largest nation in the world, with an area of 1,534,132 square kilometers, or 592,332 square miles. In addition, Sohar claims control of several areas in the Urí Margidda Valley under Niserian control as part of the Urí Margidda conflict. The vast majority of the population practices Irfan, which is recognized as the country's official religion; the remainder is largely Atudite and Sotirian. Most of the population is Rahelian-Amazigh, and the official language is Rahelian, though there are small pockets of Amazigh speakers. Sohar's capital and largest city is Sanafir, home to nearly 3.7 million people.
Inhabited since Neolithic times, Sohar was first settled by nomadic Amazighs moving north from what is now Behera. Demiscians from modern-day Tsabara began establishing city-states on the Soharan coast in the 12th century BCE, by the 7th century BCE Ahiram had emerged as the largest and most powerful. Over the following centuries Ahiram would establish a powerful mercantile empire that dominated the southern Gulf of Assonaire until its destruction by the Second Heavenly Dominion of Irfan in 103 CE. Irfan, which had arrived in Ahiram via trade around the turn of the millennium, became the dominant religion in Sohar under the Second Heavenly Dominion. It's collapse in the 10th century left a major power vacuum in Sohar, and the region was divided between a number of Rahelian states in the north and west, most notably the Ammarids, Basharids, and Awanites, while the south and interior region was dominated by Amazigh states like the Muharamite Confederation and Amassinids. Finally, the Khalji Sultanate established control over Sohar in the 16th century under the Regency of Sahira. In practice however, the Regency was de facto independent from the Khalji throughout most of its existence. Piracy, which had been an issue in the region since medieval times, escalated considerably under the Regency due to its rulers' frequent employment of corsairs to raise revenue.
Estmere would invade Sohar in 1809 following the Burdale Incident, leading to the downfall of the Regency in 1811 and allowing the Umarid dynasty to seize power in the country. The Umarids were quite friendly towards Estmerish interests, cracking down on piracy and allowing Estmere to take control of a number of coastal cities as treaty ports. In 1903, Sultan Humaidaan was briefly deposed by his brother Hishaam, who saw him as too subservient to Estmerish interests. With Estmerish support, Humaidaan regained his position and signed the Treaty of Benha the following year, making Sohar an Estmerish protectorate. Rising nationalist sentiment led to Sohar regaining independence in 1948, though Estmere retained substantial influence over the country. Rising Rahelian nationalist sentiment, an economic crisis, and anger over the Sultanate's percieved subservience to Estmerish interests led to a communist revolution in 1951 led by Colonel Haisam Salib. Escalating tensions with neighboring Nise would result in the Anniserian War of 1963-1967, which resulted in a decisive Niserian victory. Salib's poor leadership during the war led to his ouster in a military coup in 1967 led by the anticommunist Free Officers Movement. Following the coup, General Marwan Awad was installed as President. Awad governed Sohar as a military dictatorship, banning all political parties and harshly repressing any opposition movements. Awad would die of a stroke in 1990 amid compounding economic and political crises. He would be succeeded by Husani Kanaan, a reform-minded military officer who pushed through a a new constitution and the country's first ever multiparty elections the following year.
Sohar is considered a middle power. It wields considerable influence in Rahelia and plays an active role in regional affairs, most notably its heavy intervention in the Beheran Civil War on the side of the central government. Since 1998, the country has established close ties with the Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics, and the two countries have closely cooperated on regional issues. Sohar holds membership in the Community of Nations, Bank for United Development, and Irfanic Cooperation Conference. The country is home to one of the largest oil and gas reserves in the world, and the petroleum industry has dominated the national economy since independence. Under the 1990 constitution, Sohar is a unitary presidential republic. Despite initial steps taken by President Husani Kanaan towards democratization, the country has experienced significant democratic backsliding under his 32-year reign. The International Council for Democracy rated Sohar's most recent presidential and parliamentary elections as neither free nor fair, and a recent Community of Nations report found endemic human rights violations by the government.