Austeria
Republic of Austeria Official names
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 Flag
 Coat of arms
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| Anthem: Liberty "Libertate"  | |||||||||
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| Capital and largest city |  Kartha | ||||||||
| Official languages | Tethian | ||||||||
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| Religion (2020) |
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| Demonym(s) | Austerian | ||||||||
| Government | Unitary semi-presidential republic | ||||||||
| Nertilian Bushaj | |||||||||
• Premier | Alexandru Minovici | ||||||||
| Xhuàn Patrè | |||||||||
| Legislature | Senate | ||||||||
| History of Austeria | |||||||||
• End of Arciluco rule | 7th century | ||||||||
• Apolitan Kingdom | 1431 | ||||||||
• Annexation into Etruria | 1789 | ||||||||
| 1801 | |||||||||
• Reannexation into Etruria | 1854 | ||||||||
• Independence from Etruria | 1946 | ||||||||
• First republic | 1947 | ||||||||
• Second republic | 1990 | ||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
• Total | 62,532 km2 (24,144 sq mi) | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 2020 estimate | 12,270,164 | ||||||||
• Density | 182.75/km2 (473.3/sq mi) | ||||||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2022 estimate | ||||||||
• Total | $328.4 billion | ||||||||
• Per capita | $26,767 | ||||||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2022 estimate | ||||||||
• Total | $146.4 billion | ||||||||
• Per capita | $11,938 | ||||||||
| Gini (2020) | 42.4 medium | ||||||||
| HDI (2020) | 0.850 very high | ||||||||
| Currency | Austerian Flori (TRF (ƒ)) | ||||||||
| Date format | dd/mm/yyyy | ||||||||
| Driving side | right | ||||||||
| Calling code | +101 | ||||||||
| ISO 3166 code | AUS | ||||||||
| Internet TLD | .au | ||||||||
Austeria (Tethian: Austerisë, officially the Republic of Austeria (Tethian: Republika e Austerisë), also known as Galenia, is a sovereign state located in southern Euclea bordered by Etruria to the north and surrounded by the Acheloian Sea to the south and west and the Solarian Sea to the east. Austeria's location at the southernmost point of Euclea and its proximity to Rahelia has contributed to the country's rich history and has shaped a complex national identity. Austeria has a population of 12 million people, which includes the largest Irfanic population in Euclea. The capital and most populous city is Kartha.
Historically, Austeria has been controlled by different civilisations over time, mainly the Piraeans, Solarians, Amathians, and the Etrurians. The first recorded settlements in Austeria was originally inhabited by the Gadishullorian tribes, but the first walled settlement was founded by Piraeans in the 5th century BCE, which would become the city of Kartha. In the 3rd century BCE, Irfan arrived by oceanic trade networks from Coius beginning its long influence in the region. Local states would be in regular conflict with Pirean city-states until it was conquered by the Solarian Empire in the 2nd century BCE. Under the Solarian Empire and its successor the Empire of Arciluco, the peninsula was a major center for trade from Coius. The Marolevic migration in the 6th century marked the end of direct rule by the Arciluco Empire, which was replaced by many Tethian and Montsurian principalities. During the Iconoclast Wars, the Principality of Senturèn took over the peninsula and established the Apolitan Kingdom. The Apolitan Kingdom clashed with Povelia until they were both were annexed by the Etrurian First Republic during the Etrurian Revolution.
The region briefly gained independence as a league of allied city-states in 1801 before it was reannexed by the restored monarchy of Etruria in 1855. However this brief period of independence sparked a national awakening known as the Austerian Renaissance, beginning a period of cooperation between the Tethians and Montsurians. The rise of the functionalist Greater Solarian Republic, led to the formation of a resistance movement led by Omer Kotta that fought for independence. Following the end of the Solarian War, the modern state of Austeria declared independence in 1946 as an Equalist socialist republic. The new Austerian state was relatively stable until the large-scale outbreak of social turmoil, political violence and upheaval from the early 1970s to the late-1980s marked by a wave of ethnic and religious terrorism and violent clashes. The conflict culminated with the Olive Revolution and the fall of Equalism in Austeria and eventually the signing of the Morwall Agreement and the establishment of the second Republic.
As of the current constitution, Austeria is a unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic with a President elected every six years as head of state. Legislative power is vested in the unicameral Senate, led by a Premier, appointed by the President, who serves as as head of government. The country's political history since the end of Equalism been characterized by high ethnic and religious tensions, despite significant economic growth and the return of political stability. The country continues to face additional challenges such as corruption, poor diplomatic relations with Etruria and Zorasan, refugee crises, and interference by the security establishment in politics. The Austerian economy is heavily based in the service sector, international trade, and tourism. Austeria is considered one of the most visited countries in Euclea and the world due to its lush beaches and summer resorts. Other major sectors of the economy is agriculture, especially wine production, and beer brewing. The government has a considerable control on the country's economy, holding shares in key-sectors of the economy. Austeria is an active member of the Community of Nations, International Council for Democracy and the International Trade Organisation. The country is currently in the process of joining the Euclean Community.
Etymology
The two common names for the country, Austeria and Galenia, both originate from the same ancient myth. In the common mythos, Austeria was an island in the Acheloian Sea that drifted around the sea and posed a hazard to seafarers and oceanic life. In frustration Poseidon, the Piraean god of the sea, used his trident to affix Austeria to the Euclean mainland. In ancient Piraean mythology, the action settled the previously rough seas and led to the birth of Galênê, the personification of calm seas. The earliest attestation of this name is by the Piraean poet Argyros, during the 7th century BCE, when he referred to the western coast of Austeria, near the city of Halinos, as “the land of Galênê (Piraean: Γαλανεια).” The same myth appears in Solarian mythology, but instead the region was associated with Auster, the Solarian god of the south wind and one of the Venti (wind-gods). For millennia, Austeria was often the first landmass sailors saw while returning from voyages in the Acheloian Sea. Despite popular belief, the name of Austeria does not directly refer to its southern location but is instead derived from the wind god.
Both names are often used interchangeably, although Austeria is more widely used. Since the Austerian Renaissance, "Galenia" is often used to specifically refer to the coast and coastal islands of Austeria.
History
Prehistory
Antiquity
Medieval Age
Etrurian rule
Equalism
Second republic
Geography
Climate
Environment and biodiversity
Government and Politics
Austeria, since the founding of the Second Republic in 1990, is a unitary semi-presidential republic with aspects of consociationalism based upon the principles established by the Morwall Agreement. The current constitution of Austeria is the National Constitution of 1946, the provisional constitution written before the establishment of the Austerian People’s Republic. It establishes the President of Austeria as head of state, which is currently held by Nertilian Bushaj. The executive is lead by the Premier of Austeria, currently held by Alexandru Minovici who serves as head of government and leads the Council of Ministers. The legislature of Austeria is the unicameral Senate of Austeria. The country has an independent judiciary with the Supreme Court at its apex.
Political system
The head of state of Austeria is the President, elected to a six-year term by direct, universal suffrage in a modified two-round system. The President’s traditional powers include appointing the Premier and members of the Council of Ministers, vetoing legislation, and declaring a state of emergency or state of war. The President is ex officio Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and chairperson of the National Defence and Security Council. The office also wields significant reserve and supervisory powers as it was originally perceived to be a figurehead position.
The executive Government of Austeria is the Council of Ministers, which consists of the head of the executive ministries and other officials, led by the Premier. As head of government, the Premier is the country's de jure chief executive and serves to execute policy. In addition to its executive powers, the Premier has limited legislative powers when authorized by the Senate. Unlike traditional parliamentary systems, the Council serves as an advisory council and to implement decisions made by the executive, instead of collectively deciding and approving policy.
The legislature of Austeria is the Senate, commonly known as Congress. It is a unicameral body composed of 131 Senators of which five seats are guaranteed for the country’s national minorities. The Senate is elected by universal suffrage according to a system of open party-list proportional representation to a term of four years. The Senate is described by the constitution to be the highest state authority, although its sovereignty is not absolute. Nevertheless, the Senate has the sole authority to propose and pass legislation.
Political culture
Since the 2005 economic crisis, Austeria’s political culture has been sharply polarized between two major political camps, the April Bloc and the July Bloc. The April Bloc, led by the Kuvendi Party, are skeptical of joining the Euclean Community and closer ties with Euclea as a whole in favor of engagement with northern Coius. The July Bloc, led by the National Republican Party, supports the country’s ascension to the Euclean Community and additional engagement with Euclea. The majority of political parties in Austeria are loosely representative of a certain ethnic and or religious community instead of ideological principles. Unlike traditional political alliances and coalitions found elsewhere in Euclea, the Blocs are loosely defined political camps who are aligned only by their stance towards Euclea and their opposition to each other instead of ideology. As a result, unity within the bloc is nonexistent and cross-alliance cooperation between parties is very common.
Following the fall of Equalism in Austeria in 1990, the Socialist government restored the National Constitution of 1946, replacing the Equalist constitution ratified a year after. This was meant to serve as a provisional constitution to be replaced with a new permanent constitution, but this never occurred and the 1946 constitution remains in force, albeit with major reforms. According to it, Austeria is a de jure a parliamentary republic based upon the Northabbey model. In practice, since 2005 the country has shifted toward a de facto semi-presidential republic. Observers have largely traced this to three political trends present in Austeria during the 2000s; no clear ideological blocs in Congress despite the need for a coherent political platform, the appointment of Premiers based on consensus instead of ideology, and a heavily divided Council of Ministers. As a result, the President has become the main political authority of the country, relying on the office’s reserve powers to conduct the affairs of government. Meanwhile, a weak Premier was relegated to a secondary role and the Council of Ministers was reduced to an advisory role instead of a collective decision making body.