Terre Noire
Terre Noire literally "black soil" in Gaullican) is a type of very dark, fertile anthropogenic soil (anthrosol) found in the Sythe Rainforest, Arucian islands, Tonatihcan, it has been compared to the Momhe Jiubou (Fire soil) of Southeast Coius, with some claiming both soils are the same. It is also known as "Sythe dark earth". In Soravian its known as "Chornozem", in Ruttish as "Juodas purvas", and in Etrurian as "Sporco nero", all literally translate to "black soil".
Terre noire owes its characteristic black color to its weathered charcoal content, and was made by adding a mixture of charcoal, bones, broken pottery, compost and manure to the low fertility Sythe soil. A product of indigenous soil management and slash-and-char agriculture, the charcoal is stable and remains in the soil for thousands of years, binding and retaining minerals and nutrients. Such properties allowed the soil to retain nutrients in the highly competitive Sythe jungle, and heavy rains of the region.
Deforested arable soils in the Sythe are productive for a short period of time before their nutrients are consumed or leached away by rain or flooding. This forces farmers to migrate to an unburned area and clear it (by fire). Terre noire is less prone to nutrient leaching because of its high concentration of charcoal, microbial life and organic matter. The combination accumulates nutrients, minerals and microorganisms and withstands leaching. Soil depths can reach 2 meters (6.6 ft). It is reported to regenerate itself at the rate of 1 centimeter (0.4 in) per year.
Terre Noire and Momhe Jiubou has been identified as being highly similar. Gaullican scientists in Southeast Coius identified the two types of soil as being nearly identical in the 20th century, but favored the use the Gaullican term. Modern scientists have concluded that both Terre Noire and Momhe Jiubou are the same idea created in two different continents, arising from independent development.
Terre noire soils were created by farming communities between 450 BCE in the Sythe rainforest. It was brought by Marai peoples to their colonies, from which it spread across the Arucian Sea and throughout the entirety of Medasteria. Currently sites in Ardesia, Aucuria, Carucere, Satucin, and Vinalia have been discovered with Terre noire present. In Southeast Coius it has been identified that Momhe Jiubou soils originated around 900 BCE in th Buiganhingi river basin in Dezevau around the time of the Dhebinejo culture, from where it spread throughout Southeast Coius. The practice of Momhe Jiubou has been identified in Dezevau, Lavana, Hacyinia, South Kabu, and North Kabu.
The existence of Terre Noire and Momhe Jiubou has resulted in numerous Pseudoscientific, Pseudohistorical, Pseudoarcheological, conspiracy theories around it. Some believe that the existence of the black soil in both Southeast Coius and the Asterias could indicate Southeast Coian theories on the Settlement of the Asterias. While others believe the soil supports Southeast Coian Pre-Asteris trans-oceanic contact theories. Such theories are rejected by the majority of the scientific community.
History
Early theories
The origins of the Sythe dark earth were not immediately clear to later settlers. One idea was that they resulted from ashfall from volcanoes in South Asteria, since they occur more frequently on the brows of higher terraces. Soravian settlers in Vinalia attributed likewise the dark soils of the region to volcanic activity in the region, similar instances in the mostly volcanic islands of the Arucian had been reached. However such theories have been changed, primarily by the continuation of similar practices by indigenous communities throughout the Asterias. One theory suggests that the soils were made naturally as a result of sedimentation in tertiary lakes or in recent ponds.
Momhe Jiubou was developed by the Dhebinejo culture in the Bigiamhe Swamp and river basin at about 1000 BCE. These soils were made by the addition of charcoal into the soil to improve its fertility. Euclean explorers and later settlers noted the similarities between both Terre Noire and Momhe Jiubou, however they remained skeptical to combine both concepts together, primarily as the existence of Terre Noire could not be directly connected to human involvement contrary to Momhe Jiubou which was well noted to be a man-made creation. It was also noted that Terre Noire only existed in large quantities inside the Sythe, while Momhe Jiubou was more widespread in Southeast Coius.
Anthropogenic roots
Soils with elevated charcoal content and a common presence of pottery remains can accrete accidentally near living quarters as residues from food preparation, cooking fires, animal and fish bones, broken pottery, etc., accumulated. Many Terre noire soil structures are now thought to have formed under kitchen middens, as well as being manufactured intentionally on larger scales. Farmed areas around living areas are referred to as Terre brun. Terre Brun is a term in Gaullican used to describe the mostly brown soils surrounding established Terre noire soils. Terre brun soils are noted to be more fertile than surrounding soils which are described as "common soils" but are however less fertile than terre noire, and were most likely intentionally improved using charcoal. The arrival of such soils primarily to Asteria Superior has been as definitive proof that a technique existed and was purposefully used to improve soils.
This type of soil appeared around 450 BCE at sites throughout the Sythe Basin. Recent research has reported that terre noire may be of natural origin, suggesting that pre-colonial people intentionally utilized and improved existing areas of soil fertility scattered among areas of lower fertility. With similar techniques being exported abroad. Similar beliefs exist around the use of Momhe Jiubou, which is noted in Agudan sources as being used to enhance already fertile soils. Establishment of farms in the steppe territories of the Aguda Empire is noted to be focused on areas of pre-established fertility, rather than turning unproductive soil, into productive ones.
Something about how they were used in the Sythe Basin
Marai people
Use by Tonatihcan civilizations
Terre Noire or Chornozem as its known in Soravian, were widely used in Zapoyan, and the Úuchmáan civilizations, and in some cases are still farmed and made today. Zapoyan texts dated to the 3rd century CE, reveal the existence of highly fertile soils in Arucian Sea, comparable to the soils in the Juyu Ruwach Mountains of Vinalia, which were fertilized by ashes from volcanic activity. A Marai colony was established in the island of Kisharsk, in modern Vinalia, from where the practice made its way into the rest of the region. Either by the immigration of Marai people into the mainland, or from trading for the knowledge directly. Zapoyan polities in the coasts of modern Vinalia were interested in the Terre noire, as they had been removed from the Juyu Ruwach mountains by the Úuchmáans.
Terre noire has been discovered in the Zapoyan site of Itoyotl, dated to the 5th century CE. Some historians however claim that older sites exist. Zapoyan use of the Terre noire was primarily for the growth of Maize, and was performed in specially prepared land, that allowed for intricate irrigation systems. However such sites were not large and could not have solely sustained the population of entire cities. Zapoyan cities in the west of modern Vinalia, close to the modern border with Ardesia, the cities Yumchakob, Michuacan, Miyaoachitl, Zuma, and Och-Kan featured special buildings solely made for the preparation of soil into Terre noire, and their use for agriculture.
Úuchmáan cities were noted to have used similar techniques to improve soils of low fertility, however it was not used extensively, as the highly fertile soils of the region allowed little need for further enhancement.
Modernity
Location
Terree noire soils are found mainly in the Satucine Sythe, where its estimated that they cover at least 0.1 to 0.3%, of low forested Sythe; but others estimate this surface at 10.0% or more. Recent model-based predictions suggest that the extent of terre noire soils may be of 3.2% of the forest.
Terre noire exists in small plots averaging 20 hectares (49 acres), but areas of almost 360 hectares (890 acres) have also been reported. They are found among various climatic, geological, and topographical situations. Their distributions either follow main water courses, or are located near large cities as is the case in Tonatihcan.
Terre noire sites are known in Ardesia, Aucuria, Azure Coast, Belmonte, Carucere, Imagua and the Assimas, Saint Chloe, Satucin, and Vinalia.
Pre-Asteris contact theory
The existence of the black soil on Asteria Inferior and Southeast Coius, was noted by Archaeologists, and Historians as possible signs of Pre-Asteris contact with Southeast Coius, ranging from settlement to outright settling of the Asterias.
Settlement of the Asterias
Archeologist Hugues Delaine Ponce stated in 1899 that it was a possibility that ancient Southeast Coians settled the Asterias, indicating similar Biogeographical discovering regarding similarities between artifacts discovered in the Asterias with those in Southeast Coius, along with the existence of Terre Noire on both continents. He used the the theory of a land bridge between both continents first proposed in 1864 by Estmerish Zoologist Ferdinald Slater, to explain the existence of Alligators in Southeast Coius and the Asterias, which was named Alligaturia. Ponce theorized that the landbridge allowed the settlement of the Asterias by Southeast Coians. He used discoveries in the Denik Site to justify his theory. Gaullican Archeologists in 1892 had discovered pottery and other artifacts which they dated to a couple hundred years before Euclean Colonization. Ponce compared the artifacts found in Denik, with artifacts discovered in Lavana dated to around the same time. He noted the similarity of pottery discovered in Denik and other sites to pottery discovered in the Plain of Jars in northern Lavana. He also noted the relative well established agriculture of previously Asterian only plants in former Agudan territories as evidence, of farming of similar food sources by both groups. Ponce stated that the existence of similar flora and fauna to indicate a possible origin of these plants in the middle of the land bridge connecting both origins, and hinted at the possibility of human origin in the middle of the land bridge, although he never claimed it outright, and rejected the idea in 1910.
The theory of Alligaturia was adopted Occultists, most prominently occultist and founder of theosophy Elizaveta Kollar, during the latter part of the 19th century. Kollar placed Alligaturia in the system of her mystical-religious doctrine, claiming that this continent was the homeland of the human ancestors, whom she called Alligaturians. The writings of Kollar had a significant impact on Euclean esotericism, popularizing the myth of Alligaturians and its mystical inhabitants.
Ponce was unaware of the extent of Agudan-Euclean trade relations, which allowed numerous plants from the Asterias to move into Agudan Empire controlled land, during the Asterian exchange. Agudan farmers had been growing Potatoes, Maize, Chili pepper and Tomatoes for hundreds of years by the time of Gaullican colonization. Leading him to believe that farmers had grown these items for thousands of years as was the case in the Asterias. The theory of Alligaturia was latter discredited outright by the theories of Plate tectonics and Continental drift in the 20th century. Discoveries in the Denik site were dated in 1908 to be older than 500 CE, and in 1947 they were dated to 200 BCE, while other scientists believe the artifacts were forgeries, and are widely believe to be. All support for the theory collapsed in 1908 and Ponce himself admitted at the failure of the theory to remain justifiable with new discoveries.
Contact of the Asterias
In 1879, Alexis Delame wrote a description of the carvings on Lavanan pottery dated to c. 300 BCE, among which he noted what appeared to be a depiction of a custard-apple (Annona squamosa). Delame was not initially aware that this plant, indigenous to the Asterian tropics, was introduced to the Aguda Empire during the Asterian exchange, and the problem was pointed out to him. A 2009 study claimed to have found carbonized remains that date to 2000 BCE and appear to be those of custard-apple seeds.
Archaeologist Marco Nickel and co-workers wrote that pottery which was associated with the Kisharsk culture of Kisharsk island in Vinalia and dated to 3000–1500 BCE exhibited similarities to pottery which was produced by Dezevauni pre-historical societies, arguing that contact between the two cultures might explain the similarities. Chronological and other problems have led most archaeologists to dismiss this idea as implausible. The suggestion has been made that the resemblances (which are not complete) are simply due to the limited number of designs possible when incising clay. The artifacts have also been compared to artifacts made by the Senrian Seidou culture in the similar time span.