Yudong
Yudong | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 Coat of arms
| |
| Anthem: "卿雲歌" "Qīng Yún Gē" "Song to the Auspicious Cloud"  | |
| Seal of Yudong "域东之璽" "Seal of Yudong"  | |
| Capital and largest city | Dongcheng |
| Official languages | Yudongese |
| Official script | Yudongese characters |
| Demonym(s) | Yudongese |
| Government | Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic |
| Lin Hanying | |
| Teng Lingxin | |
| Legislature | Legislative Yuan |
| Establishment | |
| c. 200 BC | |
| Population | |
• 2020 estimate |  123,284,452 |
• 2018 census | 123,274,320 |
| GDP (PPP) | 2020 estimate |
• Total |  $3.727 trillion |
• Per capita | $30,238 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2020 estimate |
• Total | $2.680 trillion |
• Per capita | $21,743 |
| Gini (2017) | 33.1 medium |
| HDI (2020) | 0.910 very high |
| Currency | Yudongese Yuan (¥) (YYN) |
| Date format | YYYY/MM/DD |
| Driving side | right |
| Internet TLD | .yg |
Yudong (Yudongese: 域东; pinyin: Yùdōng) is a country in Pamira that borders clockwise Sumigen, Valimia, Chasun and the Pamiran Federation, while sharing maritime borders with Kenlong. It is the second-largest country in the world by territorial expansion and population, being home to approximately 123,284,452 inhabitants of which a majority lives in the coastal areas and the eastern regions. Yudong is officially divided in _ provinces and three cities of a special status; Dongcheng is the capital and largest city as well as one of the most populous metropolitan regions, while Baoping, Jiangping and Liaoping are considered important financial centres.
Yudong traces its origins back to some of the first civilizations in the world, when numerous dynasties ruled the territory under rigid power structures. It was near 200 BC when the expansion of the Mong Dynasty across the eastern regions and inland provoked the establishment of the Mong Emperor over the rest of the regional leaders under the structure of the Yudongese Empire. This period was severely marked by the creation of advanced technology, art and literature, which made its way to Berea through several commerce routes known as the Pearl Roads, from where knowledge and technology was also introduced to Yudong. Several civil wars against the ruling dynasty concluded with a new period of territorial fragmentation that expanded in several centuries through territorial disputes; with the flourishing of feudal societies, better agriculture and the advances on medicine, numerous dynasties surged and consolidated their power in Dongcheng over the years. During the early 17th century, the Fen Dynasty strengthened their power and introduced a strict isolationist policy that severely harmed Yudong and left it disarmed and technologically behind surrounding empires; with the Chasunese Empire at its height having conquered most northern Yudongese territories and with an important advance on its east, Yudong was forced to sign several commercial treaties to Berean powers in order to advance against the Charasŏn.
Between the late 17th and the 18th centuries, Yudong achieved a rapid restoration but civil unrest and political instability due to Fen's concessions to Bereans forced it back to a long period of isolation and restructuration of its political panorama. As a result, the society of Yudong grew reticent to Bereans until its longest isolation period was broken by a fleet from Sarrac, Lavaria and Mascylla, which forced a gradual and restricted opening of commerce in specified ports. During the 19th century, a rapid but scarce industrialisation process took over the largest cities and ports. At the start of the 20th century, Yudong fought alongside the Armala Coalition during the Great War, although it retired shortly before its formal cease of fire due to internal unrest, which forced the fall of the dynastic monarchy and the division of Yudong between the Republic of Yudong (ROY), also known as the Baoping Republic, and the socialist Democratic People's Republic of Yudong (DPRY) until the fall of the latter during the 1980s. This period was severely marked by Berean investment and a rapid economic boom in the Baoping Republic while the DPRY was under significant influence from Kodesh and Dulebia. During the Melasian Crisis, Yudong remained a key geopolitical partner of Mascylla and Falland in Pamira which it took to exercise influence against Cuthland in Melasia, Kenlong and Chasun.
Since the reunification of the two Yudongese republics, the country has advanced on its democratic quality and robust industrial economy. Yudong is considered a developed country and ranks high in different metrics like life expactancy, civil liberties, education and health care as well as in the Human Development Index. The country is one of the largest economies in the world and ranks near or at the top in nominal and PPP figures of gross domestic product. Yudong is a founding member of the Assembly of Nations and a strategic partner and observer of the Berean Defence Treaty Association.
Etymology
History
Prehistory and antiquity
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Yudongese civilizations are believed to have found their cradle on the eastern regions of the country. Although Homo Sapiens presence is dated from at least 35-30,000 years ago, records prove that the region has been inhabited by several other hominids before that continued their path towards the Chasunese peninsula and _ archipelago. Over the years, most fossils like the Dongcheng Man and Lin Woman have been found along the Tao River, the cradle of Yudongese civilization, which played a crucial role in the improvement of agriculture, rice farming and creation of technology over the next centuries.
Ancient records and excavations have concluded with the Xiang Dynasty being the first to have ruled a portion of Yudongese territory; although texts remain vague in the establishment of the Xiang, fossils and artefacts have shown the early existence of early markings of ancestral Yudongese characters and advanced methods to stop floods.
Mong Empire
Early dynastic rule
Xi dynasty
Fen dynasty
First Republic and civil war (1921-1930)
Shortly after the end of the Great War, political influence from Berean powers became more explicit in Yudong; the country's participation in the conflict, its territorial and human losses turned the population to see the monarchs as accountable, while numerous movements started gaining social recognition reclaiming political participation. The country rapidly fell on a spiral of political violence, as republicans were violently repressed by imperial forces. However, the fall from the Charasŏn in the Chasunese Empire precipitated Dongcheng to restructure power; weakened in power, the Emperor _ of Yudong recognised the Republic and abdicated in 1921. The General Cheng Chak, a prominent military leader and republican from the later National Renewal political party, assumed the first Presidency and faced the rising Communist Party of Yudong, which had advanced during previous years in rural areas and had cooperated with National Renewal in the republican cause.
Although Cheng Chak had exhibited a nationalist doctrine rooted in Yudongese traditions, philosophy and religion, National Renewal remained with Mascylla, whose presence in the country remained after the Great War as part of the Treaty of Lehpold in former Dulebian ports. With a strong presence in urban centres and rural areas of the south and west of Yudong, National Renewal stood against the communist forces, which were largely backed by the Pamiran Federation and the Dulebian Federative Socialist Republic. The civil war in Yudong deepened the differences between communists and republicans, as it also played a crucial role in polarising the society. The country rapidly became divided into two portions, with their respective alignments projecting a strict control to repress dissidences and although several attempts of reconciliation and special approach were intended with the observation of foreign powers, massacres and military campaigns in the following years continued the civil war. In Berea, Yudong was seen as a geopolitical strategically nation, whose governance was important for the stabilisation of post-war commerce and finances, this led western powers to take action in the civil war in order to reach its end.
In 1930, the partition of the Yudongese territory was made effective with the signature of Cheng Chak and Zhu Hongbin in Dongcheng. Although communists had forced the exile of republicans to Baoping, National Renewal continued being popular among the population of the imperial capital. In Dongcheng, the republican and communist forces agreed on a partition of the territory and city, an idea that was cntrary to Cheng Chak's beliefs of a united Yudong, something that had to wait for the General and National Renewal. The city had become part of the People's Republic of Yudong (DPRY) but republicans constrained the end of the civil war to its international protection, something that was granted a month later in Toulogne, where Sarrac, _, and _, were the international granters of status quo during a four years period.
Post-Civil War Yudong (1930-1971)
Following the 1930 Toulogne Accords, republican and international forces entered into Dongcheng, now divided in two and surrounded by the DPRY. The Republic of Yudong placed most of its administrative buildings and political institutions in Baoping due to the DPRY threat surrounding the old imperial city; because of this, the ROY became widely known as the Baoping Republic by the media. International presence in Dongcheng remained in place until 1940, year that was marked by the accords in order to reach a mutual agreement between the two entities; however, despite the special approaches, few agreements were possible and once Dongcheng was freed from its international settlements, the DPRY ceased its contacts with the southern portion of the city.
Still virtually powerless outside urban centres and populated areas, the territory of Yudong was highly fragmented with control being exercised by warlords. This proved as a valid reason for both the DPRY and the ROY to be established as authoritarian states in order to consolidate power in their territories. The DPRY soon became an authoritarian one-party state under the sphere of the Communist Party of Yudong while the ROY saw a large campaign of political censorship and repression in order to eliminate west's propaganda; in order to achieve this, the presidency of Chang Chek enabled the possibility of using martial law, passed in 1932, to repress dissidences and political opponents during the Second Republic of Yudong. The ROY under Chang Chek exposed a range of instruments to boost nationalism and anti-communist sentiments in the population; Chang Chek, was famous also by its land reform, which eliminated land lords classes and elevated peasants. while the DPRY distanced from Kodeshi and Abramean lectures of socialism with the leadership of Zhu Hongbin, who valued the importance of the countryside population over the industrial workers and gave the military a more participative role in the party and state organisation. The distances between Chang Chek and Zhu Hongbin were made more obvious over the years, as the two gained more control in their territories.
In 1970, the records of a massacre committed by ROY forces against _ minorities that happened a year before, was a key factor in the creation of a students movement in Baoping and other urban centres of the ROY, which started gaining visibility with protests reclaiming political and civil liberties. In Novemeber, the movement reached its most algid point and occupied the University of Baoping with a pacific sit-in; the manifestation, one of the largest in Yudongese history, was repressed with several deaths by the the ROY policial and army forces. The episode drew international attention to Yudong and took Cheng Chak to ostracism by other liberal democracies. A year later, amid international pressure, Cheng Chak, who had set its goals in reunification under a "capitalist Yudong", died leaving a divided National Renewal about the future of Yudong, with only a small portion refusing reunification. Hu Baitao assumed the presidency in a transition period, granting civil and political liberties under a new constitution that, while kept the National Security Act which enabled martial law, allowed a slight gradual opening in freedom and censorship. The new period was known by the Third Republic of Yudong.
Economic reforms and fall of the DPRY (1971-1983)
Hu Baitao spent three months in the presidency before being ratified by the population in the first democratic elections of the ROY. During most of the years of Cheng Chak, the Yudongese economy saw large influxes of Berean investments leading to and an initial boom in national industry paired to protectionist measures; however, during his last years, isolationism and and a worsened international image due to the dictatorial direction of the nation retired most of the foreign investment, leaving the Yudongese economy relegated and starting to show signs of sickness. Finishing 1971, Hu Baitao was elected by the population in the first democratic elections that took place in Yudong; his government was purely technocratic and counted with some of the most respected economists to initiate a set of reforms.
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During Hu Baitao's administration, a set of neoliberal reforms in the state increased collaboration with the big businesses of the Republic of Yudong, boosting heavy industry and exports by devaluating the Yuan. The country regained most of its foreign investment and saw its economy peak to record levels; by 1978, it was one of the fastest growing economies of the world and one of the wealthiest in Pamira. Hu Baitao, who favoured the reunification of Yudong under Chang Chek's premises, introduced a new approach on its relations with the DPRY. The economic panorama was proving effective to most of the liberal world; however, in the socialist sphere, countries were starting to face a serie of social cracks during the 1970s, which in Yudong, were made clear at the start of the 1980s, when an initially student's protest, rapidly took millions to the streets during several months reclaiming the end of authoritarianism and a better economic situation. Although a more fluent dialogue happened during Hu Baitao's administration, it was going to be after the 1981 elections in the DPRY when the [ name ] party won a majority; the [ name ] was one of the few allowed parties that had previously showed itself more likely to reach reunification and the party's leader, Sun Lihuang, rapidly enabled a fluent contact with Hu Baitao that started in 1981 to reach a complete reunification no longer than 1985.
As an organised reunification was drafted by the two parts, leaders of the DPRY faced an immense pressure by its population, highly divided between those that preferred to continue under the communist regime and those who protested for more social and political liberties. In 1983, Sun Lihuang who had previously proposed to follow a liberal social democratic route to achieve a complete reunification faced a coup d'état led by the most conservative forces in the DPRY; however, population on both sides of Dongcheng took the streets and Lihuang, who saw the inmediate support of Hu Baitao, rapidly achieved governance back again, ordering the opening of the border and the cease of division between the two states.
Reunification and contemporary history (1983-present)
The reunification of Yudong occurred under the legal option vested on the Constitution of the Republic of Yudong, and counted with the adherence of the institutions in the Democratic People's Republic in a span of two years, which counted with monetary, economic and political agreements signed by the two nations. The formula followed made the DPRY dissolution and inclusion under the institutions of the ROY; however, the reunified country adopted the name of "State of Yudong" or simply "Yudong" in order to remove the stigma of the two previous republics. The process counted with an important presence of the Assembly of Nations and international observers; as such, Yudong changed its constitution to provide more power to the legislature and was turned into a parliamentary republic, creating the figure of the Prime Minister and relegating the President to a representative and almost ceremonial presence.
Politically, the reunification of Yudong proved as an achieved objective of National Renewal, and post-reunification euphoria led the general elections in 1984, the first free elections to take place nationwide in Yudong to elect Prime Minister. However, Hu Baitao's retirement from politics took the party to lose the government, with the coalition of Progressive-Liberal Alliance winning for the first time. The party, which was the traditional opposition of National Renewal during the ROY period, had successfully led a campaign in the former DPRY space. Ma Yat-wen became the first Prime Minister of Yudong in 1984 and led the country until 1989, breaking with the National Renewal dominance and starting a period of bipartidism. During Yat-wen's administration, the Yudongese economy grew at record rates boosted by strong cooperation between the state and the private sector; the overly enthusiast market following reunification pushed Yudongese stock exchanges to all-time records and the Yuan to be one of the strongest currencies in the world. During the '90s, Yudongese industrial sector also saw a diversification and the incursion, not only in highly demanded appliances, but also in in software development and internet technology, with Yudongese first dot-com companies facing excessive speculation and pushing the economy to overheat. In 1992, the country celebrated the 1992 Nuclear Consensus, with which it banned nuclear weapons and a progressive decrease of the use of nuclear energy.
By the end of 1999, stock indexes in Dongcheng plummeted, taking with it the Yudongese and later other Pamiran economies. The collapse of the bubble was continued by a period of deflation and high public debt. In 2001, Zhuan Zhen was succeeded by the National Renewal candidate, Lee Lai-Yang, who initiated a period of severe economic reforms to reach sustainability; in 2002, Lai-Yang led the Dongcheng Financial Agreement with parties in the opposition to grant devaluation of the currency and an aggressive public spending agenda to boost investment and industry. However, deflation remains a crucial problem and the economy of Yudong is believed to not have been fully recuperated from the 1990s bubble.
Geography
Climate
Politics and government
Yudong is a unitary parliamentary constitutional republic led by a Head of Sate, the President, and a Head of Government, the Prime Minister, whose sovereignty of both is vested on the Yudongese people as specified on the Constitution of Yudong. The power of the President is, in the practice, merely ceremonial and it is the Prime Minister who exercises most of executive duties. Yudong counts with one of the oldest constitutions and judicial structures, having been modified over the centuries by the numerous dynasties and democratic regimes; the last major reform concluded with the reunification between the Republic of Yudong and the Democratic People's Republic of Yudong, which set the bases for the current political system. Yudong's political scene has been largely dominated by the centre-right National Renewal and the centre-left Progressive-Liberal Alliance, although in recent years minor parties have achieved visibility and formed electoral coalitions in parliament and governments.
Based in the Three Principles of the People, power in Yudong is separated in five branches or Yuans (院) based in the imperial legacy of the nation with western elements:
- Executive Yuan: ceremonially led by the President, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, who appoints the Prime Minister on behalf of the confidence of the Legislative Yuan and the members of the cabinet, which are proposed by the later and appointed by the former.
- Legislative Yuan: consists in the bicameral legislature of Yudong, composed by 465 members on the lower chamber and 245 in the higher chamber; all of them elected directly by the population. The Legislative Yuan is tasked with making and passing laws, approving budgets, the interpellation of ministers and government officials, among others.
- Judicial Yuan: refers to the judiciary of Yudong that is composed by a Constitutional Court, which interpretes the Constitution and impeaches Presidents, the ordinary courts (Supreme Courts, High Courts and District Courts) and the specialised courts in family, labour and others.
- Control Yuan: is considered an investigatory and auditory branch; its main purpose is to adjudicate impeachments, censure government members and audit budgets.
- Examination Yuan: is the civil service commission and is in charge of validating the qualifications of civil servants.
Foreign relations
Yudong has an active role in the foreign relations scenario and its presence in Pamira and the world in general are important to balance the power of the Mageiros League and Kodesh in a strategically important region. Its main allies are Falland, Sarrac and Mascylla, which have contributed militarily and financially before and after the reunification of Yudong; the country is a strategic ally of the Berean Defence Treaty Association and has multiple signed commercial agreements with its members.
In Pamira, Yudong maintains economic relations with most of the nations, although diplomatically, it faces strained relations with Chasun and Kenlong, due to their alignment with the Mageiros League, although in recent years, relations the former have improved significantly. Melasia remains a strategic partner and Yudong has supported its territorial claims against Kenlong; during the Melasian Crisis, Yudong played a crucial role supporting Mascylla and later in Kenlong to counter Cuttish influence in the country during a short period of time. Territorial disputes area major aspect in Yudongese foreign policy as the country claims several portions of land along its borders, including rocks and islands with Chasun and _ and others in the south. Since the reunification of Yudong during the 1980s, relations with the Pamiran Federation and Abramea have been fraught although with certain improvements in the last years, including state visits in 2018 and 2020.
Yudong is a signatory of the Treaty of Lehpold and a founding member of the Assembly of Nations, it has signed several security pacts with members of the Berean Defence Treaty Association and with _ in 2001 and _ in 2013. The country is also home to several foreign military bases that date from the pre-reunification period.
Administrative divisions
Military
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The Republic of Yudong Armed Forces —禹東共和國武裝力量— are composed by three branches; the ROY Army, the ROY Navy and the ROY Air Force. The forces are subordinated to the Commander-in-Chief, position held by the President, while both the Prime Minister and the Minister of Defence are the next executive authorities in line; the Minister is consider, in the practises, who exercises most of the decision-making and is responsible of maintaining a close contact with the forces staff. Defence policy is usually drafted in the National Security Council (缩写), composed by the three executive figures, the three authorities of the branches and the Minister of Foreig Affairs, the Ministrty of Infrastructure and Trade and the Minister of Interior and Communication. The defence policy of Yudong has historically been linked to its relations with the BDTA; the country plays a role in regional security and participates actively in joint exercises and deployments in the Iremic Ocean and the Sea of Saba.
During the 1990s, the country undergone several reforms on its military, aimed to reestructure the three forces and their relation with the general population. Yudong has not enforced conscription since 1990, although the constitution reserves the executive decision to reinforce it during war time or serious external threat. In 1992, the country celebrated the 1992 Nuclear Consensus, with which the country accelerated its denuclearisation of the armed forces and banned the use of nuclear weapons; however, the country has been recognised by the nuclear energy commission of the Assembly of Nations, to have the raw materials, technology and resources to re-initiate its nuclear program. Yudong has an approximate total personnel of around 256,400 including civilians active and reserve military.
Economy
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Yudong is a developed, highly industrialised and high-income economy, ranked 1st in nominal GDP with $2.680 trillion and 7th in per capita GDP, which makes it the largest economy in Pamira and a leading one in the rest of the world. The country is often ranked at the top of near by metrices of competitiveness, economic freedom and low perception of corruption, which over the decades, have built a friendly environment for international and national companies. Yudongese most famous enterprises are often in the technological and automotive sector; the economy is highly reliant on the industrial sector, scientific research and technology production.