Tadeusz Czyzewski

His Excellency Tadeusz Czyzewski Тадеуш Чжевський
Czyzewski in 1920
5th President of Narozalica
In office December 5, 1913 – January 19, 1921
Prime Minister	Denys Dorosh Vladislav Pudovkin Kyrylo Cheban
Preceded by	Pyotr Petrovich
Succeeded by	Vladislav Pudovkin
6th and 8th Prime Minister of Narozalica
In office January 19, 1906 – March 4, 1910
President	Maksym Ilchenko
Preceded by	Ivan Zayets
Succeeded by	Vladislav Pudovkin
In office August 26, 1912 – December 5, 1913
President	Pyotr Petrovich
Preceded by	Vladislav Pudovkin
Succeeded by	Denys Dorosh
Personal details
Born	Tadeusz Czyzewski (1878-01-03)January 3, 1878 Tarcław, Miersa Governorate, Narozalica
Died	May 14, 1949(1949-05-14) (aged 71) Krada, West Miersa
Citizenship	Narozalica
Nationality	Miersan
Political party	Independent
Spouse	Olena Rydenko (m. 1901)
Children	5
Education	University of Samistopol

Tadeusz Czyzewski (/tʃ'ʒɛfski:/, Narodyn: Тадеуш Чжевський; Tadeush Chzhevs'kyy, 3 January 1878 – 14 May 1949; aged 71) was a Miersan-born Narozalic politician and stateman who served as the 5th President of Narozalica between 1913 and 1921, as well as the 6th and 8th Prime Minister of Narozalica between 1906 and 1910, and again between 1912 and 1913. The last of Narozalica's independent presidents, Czyzewski ideologically called himself a "conservative socialist", however his views have been categorised into paternalistic conservatism in the modern-day. To this day, Czyzewski is the only left-wing president in Narozalica's history.

Born into an aristocratic Miersan hussar family in 1878, Czyzewski's economic status saw him accepted into the University of Samistopol in 1897, where he studied economics and graduated in 1900. He originally became an accountant in Samistopol for two years before entering politics in 1902. A successful econometrician within Narozalica, his speeches, manifestos and policies gained him recognition within Narozalica's political elite, and Czyzewski saw increased praise of his work as he quickly rose up Narozalica's political ladder, before being appointed as Maksym Ilchenko's only Prime Minister in 1906. Under Ilchenko, Czyzewski attempted to bring forward his left-wing policies, believing the aristocracy had moral and social obligations to support the nation's poorer populace, especially within the cities. Ilchenko, however, disapproved of these policies and refused to give them his assent, with their agreements coming mainly on their social policies and foriegn affairs. Ilchenko resigned in 1910 and was succeeded by Pyotr Petrovich, who had previously served as President. Czyzewski served briefly as Petrovich's second prime minister between 1912 and 1913, before he succeeded Petrovich after he resigned due to his inability to quickly respond to the Great Collapse.

Czyzewski's early presidency and policies were popular among the urban peasantry, who were suffering from rapidly increasing poverty in light of the Collapse. Czyzewski planned for an increasing amount of government-backed industry in the cities, seeing much of the peasantry working industrial factory jobs backed and paid for by the government. The policy was successful initially, but by 1917, around the height of the subsequent economic depression that followed the Collapse, the government could no longer feasibly continue to fund the working peasantry without suffering severe economic drawbacks. Due to this, Czyzewski was forced to close down some of the factories he had opened and make thousands of workers redundant. The quick change made Czyzewski extremely unpopular within the urban centres - his main support group - as well as losing much of the backing of his supporters, with Pudovkin stepping down from his prime minister role in 1920. Faced with little other option, Czyzewski resigned in 1921 and was succeeded by the more hardline Vladislav Pudovkin. After his political career, Czyzewski campaigned against the growing threat of war and later against Narozalic involvement in the Great War. After the war, Czyzewski was a vocal opponent of the Godfredson Plan, and supported Miersan reunification, however his influence was limited mainly to talks and lectures in universities across West Miersa. Czyzewski died at his house in Krada in 1949, aged 71.

Czyzewski is a controversial figure both within and outside of Narozalica. His supporters say he was influential in mitigating the damage the Great Collapse had on Narozalica, which was less than many of its eastern Euclean counterparts, and paved the way for Narozalica's modern mixed-market economy. However he is also criticised for the last four years of his presidency, which saw sharp increases in unemployment and large amounts of inflation in the economy, and is also criticised by more right-wing politicians for his socialistic policies, which they claim tarnished much of the economy before Pudovkin's presidency and the war.

Early life and career

Tadeusz Czyzewski was born on January 3, 1878 in the city of Tarcław, a mid-sized rural city in the Miersan Governorate of Narozalica. Czyzewski's family were influential aristocratic land owners in the region, and traced their lineage back to the Miersan hussars, who were extremely influential in historic Miersan geopolitics. Czyzewski was baptised at Tarcław Cathedral on January 10, a week after his birth, and grew up following the Episemialist Church. His father, Lukasz Pafnucy Czyzewski (1854–1919) and mother Michalina Hedwiga Czyzewski (née Ignatowska; 1861–1933) were both prominent aristocrats in Miersa, with the Czyzewski family having a history of land ownership in the region dating back to the mid-17th century. Czyzewski spent most of his childhood growing up in Tarcław in the Wojnicz House, a large manor his father owned. He was homeschooled for the first few years of his life, primarily by his mother, before they moved to Samistopol when Czyzewski was 10. In Samistopol, he attended grammar school for six years before becoming one of the Miersan governor's many assistants aged 16. Czyzewski dropped his job at 19 to pursue his education, and was accepted into the University of Samistopol in 1897 to study economics. Noted for his passion, Czyzewski graduated in 1900.

He quickly picked up work at an accountancy firm based in the city, processing taxes and dealing with the money of many upper-class citizens of Narozalica. He also began econometrics as a side-job and a hobby, before quitting his accountancy job in early 1902 to pursue econometrics full time. Now in his mid-20s, Czyzewski's work in econometrics saw him enter Narozalica's political landscape in late 1902. His proficiency in speaking and his work allowed him to quickly earn promotions within the system before Maksym Ilchenko appointed him as his Prime Minister in 1906.

Foreign policy

Asterias

For his entire political career whilst he was an office, Czyzewski was critical of continued involvement of Gaullica in the Asterias, although this was largely because it was a part of the world Narozalica could not match them in, especially with the independence of Chistovodia in the 1860s. Despite the lack of opportunity, Czyzewski made it publicly known Narozalica was willing and able to support independence movements in the Asterias. With the election of the Parti Populaire in Gaullica in 1919, Czyzewski used growing discontent to influence and support Cassien dominionhood under the Gaullican Empire in 1920, later encouraging their divergence from Gaullica by saying they "should think for themselves, not for Verlois". Compared to other presidents of his time, Czyzewski was more active in Asterian geopolitics and dedicated more money to the Asterias than his predecessors.

Czyzewski was also controversially a supporter of Adelmar I's rule of Maracao during the early 20th century - believing Adelmar's monarchy to be preferable to an "outright rogue state" he thought would be established with growing communist discontent being spurred on by Chistovodia after its recent revolution. Czyzewski also supported the normalisation of relations with Halland after various scuffles and conflicts that dotted the late 19th century between the two regional powers. Czyzewski and the government of Halland aligned in many aspects of Asterian geopolitics throughout the early 20th century - particularly Cassien independence - with Czyzewski being the first Narozalic president to make an official state visit to Halland in 1918.

Coius

Czyzewski was a supporter of military retention of the two Narozalic holdings in Coius - Kassar (now Satyapur, Subarna) and Sanday in Lainan, both of which housed significant populations, in excess of one million people, and were prime economic holdings of the Empire that served as its gateway to trade in Coius. Czyzewski introduced policy that increased restriction and scrutinised entry of Coians into mainland Narozalica, believing that securing jobs for the mainland population was more important in light of the Great Collapse. He did, however, grant funding to the relevant colonial authorities in the cities to help spur on industrialisation and attempt to decrease unemployment rates through state-sponsored programs similar to those he had implemented in Narozalica. Czyzewski was also active in attempting to sponsor and fund independence movements in the colonies of the Euclean powers, particularly in Etruria's and Gaullica's vast holdings on the continent.

He was also critical of rising Xiaodongese power, and criticised the eastern Eucleans for "a series of let-offs" regarding the treaties they had imposed on Xiaodong, which mandated the leasing of coastal cities as well as full trade power in the region. The expanding Xiaodongese Empire of the early 20th century, which vassalised Tinza and Lainan, was used by Czyzewski both domestically and internationally to criticise the Euclean powers' "mishandling" of the large Coian state, accusing their treaties of allowing the Empire to gain extreme amounts of influence in southern Coius, consistently threatening Euclean holdings in the area. Due to his policy towards Xiaodong and his opinion of their influence, Czyzewski's tenure saw Narozalica's legation quarter of Keisi become increasingly manned and militarised.

Poliania

Czyzewski with Polianian Minister-President Ventsislav Vrančev in 1919

Ideology

Czyzewski famously identified himself as a "conservative socialist", and has many well-documented talks and speeches referring to himself as such. Czyzewski is perhaps most famously remembered for his uncharacteristically left-wing economic policies, brought about mainly by the effects of the Great Collapse but existing as his ideology since his first term as Ilchenko's Prime Minister. He also described himself as socially conservative, and limited the ability of Coians to emigrate to mainland Narozalica from the country's holdings in the region, particularly Kassar and Sanday, a policy introduced by his predecessor. Despite his ethnic background, he was also a staunch advocate of Miersan unionism with Narozalica during the existence of the Miersa Governorate.

In the modern-day, Czyzewski's beliefs and ideology have been grouped into paternalistic conservatism, and has been described as one of the founders and first influential politicians to practise the ideology in Narozalica. In Narozalica, he is considered the country's only ever left-wing President, despite being considered right-wing by much of the world's standards. After his presidency, Czyzewski was anti-war and supported the normalisation of relations with eastern Euclea, particularly with Gaullica, and also supported Miersan reunification after the war, one of the most influential supporters of the cause.