Monsa

Principality of Monsa Principado de Monsa
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: Deo Juvante With God's Help
Capital	Monsa
Largest	Monsa
Official languages	Spanish
Demonym(s)	Monsegasco
Government	Unitary parliamentary diretorial constitutional monarchy
• Princess	Letizia Giusti de Monsa
• College	Council of Government
Legislature	Parliament of Monsa
Area
•	467.63 km2 (180.55 sq mi)
Population
• 2019 estimate	78,450
• 2017 census	75,852
• Density	179.8/km2 (465.7/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)	209 estimate
• Total	$5.3 billion
• Per capita	$70,455
GDP (nominal)	2019 estimate
• Total	$5.155 billion
• Per capita	$77,830
HDI (2019)	0.917 very high
Currency	Franco de Monsa (FMS)
Driving side	right
Calling code	+598
Internet TLD	.ms

Monsa, officially the Principality of Monsa (Spanish: Principado de Monsa) is an Astyrian sovereign microstate located on the coast of Teudallum. It shares border with Cassonne in one of its sides and with the _ sea in the other; in total, Monsa covers 467.63 km² and is inhabited by 78,450 people making it one of the smallest and most densely populated nations in Astyria. Its capital and largest city is Monsa; most of the population lives spread along the coast or in small villages found in the Lucas Valley.

The history of Monsa is marked by the several conflicts with the Empire of Exponent and Cadenza, which include the Battle of Monsa (1614) as part of the War of the Magpie and the Dragon and the Siege of St. Barthélemy, in which Monsa was kept under Exponential control and administration, forcing the House of Giusti to settle in one of their colonies. The Principal House of Monsa, the House of Giusti, is believed to come from a noble family of merchants that settle in what today is Monsa around 1548, the family took advantage of an strategical location of the port and eventually built the fortress of Monsa to kept the wealth they were kneading; however, prior to their arrival, the territory of what is today Monsa was inhabited by small villagers and farmers on the valleys and small, powerless merchants on the coast, which explains the rapidity of the Giustis to take over the control in the territory. Since then and with brief interruptions, the family has ruled the Principality for over 400 years with brief interruptions of Exponential administration. During 1551, Monsa had its first contact with the Sovereign Military Order of Montesa, a Roman Catholic military order that since then, has occupied the San Isidro Hill functioning de iure as the military of the Principality, although it has occupied its efforts on international humanitarian cases more recently. Since the 60's, the Principality has grown on its international image as a wealthy touristic spot and well-known tax haven; its low taxes has resulted attractive to several international banks and corporations and since the 80's, it has undergone several reformations to take a liberal approach on business. Today, the real estate market of Monsa is one of the most expensive and the population is noted as one of the wealthiest in Astyria, with a 30% of its population being millionaires.

The economy of Monsa is heavily reliant on the services sector, in particular, the tourism and finances sector which together comprise more than an 75% of the GDP. However, agriculture, in special, the olive oil and wines production, still count as important pieces on the economy of the Principality, making the country-brand famous worldwide with high-quality, organic and exclusive products. Despite its small size, the Principality of Monsa leads regional rankings in human development, competitiveness, income per capita, globalisation, state of peace, economic freedom and low perception of corruption; in addition, its society has been regarded to as one of the most stable and pacific with a high life expectancy, currently at 81 years old. Monsa is an associated member of the EATA and a full member of the World Assembly.

Politics and government

Main articles: Politics of Monsa and Council of Government

Balmaceda Palace, seat of the Colegio de Monsa or Council of Government, the collegiate executive of the Principality.

Andrés Telle, who served as Minister of State in 2018 during a press conference in Nidwalden.

Monsa is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy, whose Head of State is the Prince of Monsa (Principe de Monsa) and the powers of the Head of Government are delegated on the Council of Government (also called in Spanish Colegio de Monsa). The constitution of Monsa dates back to 1903 and prior to the date, there were no clear boundaries between executive, legislative and judicial powers with the House of Giusti ruling Monsa as autocrats of an absolute monarchy. The highest legal document of Monsa is the Constitution which was proclaimed by the Prince Fernando V Giusti in 1903, giving several concessions and reforms throughout the past century; it defines the separation of powers into Legislative, Executive and Judicial, each of them based in different institutions.

The government of Monsa is led ceremonially by the Head of State, the Prince of Monsa; however, the position holds no vote or voice during the decision-making process of policy. The rest of the government and executive power is composed by the ministers, which all together form the collegiate or collective decision-making body of Monsa, the Council of Government. A council composed by seven members elected by the legislative power of Monsa which after the Prince's assent, these are given ministerial portfolios. Four of the seven members of the Council come from the party that received the most votes while the rest three from the runner-up. Of the total seven ministers, there is a Minister of State from the party with the most members of the council (whose title is pro tempore with a maximum term length of one year) that presides the Colegio or Council, Vice Ministers of State anticipate the next person that will occupy the office. Although the Minister of State is often seen as the Head of Government, the position has no power over the rest of the council and his vote is equal while trying to reach consensus. As Head of State, the Prince of Monsa is in charge of the representation overseas of the Principality, being most of the times accompanied by one of the ministers, regarding the area in focus of the travel.

The legislative power is vested on the Parliament of Monsa (Parlamento de Monsa), a unicameral parliament composed by 28 members elected by universal suffrage for a four-year term; members of the Parliament are called parlamentarios or parliamentarians and these are elected by universal suffrage to represent the different parishes that compose Monsa. Since the reforms in 1960 focused on increasing local representation of all parishes, the members of the parliament are divided between those elected by proportional representation in a national circumscription and those that are elected by the seven parishes that compose Monsa; the two groups of parliamentarians are formed by 14 members each having equal voice not being divided once inside the parliament. Politics in Monsa are based in a multi-party system with clear centrist policies; for most of the time, the political scenario have been dominated by the Christian Democrats (Democracia Cristiana) and Horizon Monsa (Horizonte de Monsa); however, in recent times, new parties have been created, such as Citizens (Ciudadanos) and Politic Evolution (Evolución Política) gaining legislative and local representation during the last elections.

Foreign relations

Embassy of the Blackhelm Confederacy in Monsa.

The history of Monsa provides an insight to the foreign relations of the Principality as it counts with several strong diplomatic ties whose roots can be traced several decades ago. Despite its small size and naturally reduced international influence, the country maintains bilateral relations with most sovereign nations of Astyria; it has embassies in a variety of regional powers, such as Blackhelm Confederacy, Nikolia, Noordenstaat and Cadenza and counts with a strong presence in several Astyrian organisations, having permanent missions in Koninstad accredited to the Lorecian Community and in _ accredited to ARCHO. Although it has had a neutrality policy during most of its national life, the country has been an economic associate of the EATA; however, it held a national referendum which triggered a diplomatic crisis and later freezing of relations between Monsa and the Blackhelm Confederacy.

Since the end of the Great Astyrian War, Monsa has been a supporter of regional integration, with many Monsan politicians rising as important characters on the international relations scenario, on the same line, the country has preferred to coordinate its foreign policy with its neighbourhoods and it has been an important figure of foreign aid and philanthropy. However, since the start of the XXI century, Monsan governments have shared the preoccupation about climate change and environmental sustainability with Trellin and other Astyrian nations; since 2009, the issue is on its agenda and the government counts with a specialised minister in charge of the ecological transition (Ministry of Ecological Transition and Sustainable Development). The Principality is today a recognisable actor on the international cooperation scenario and hosts the annual conferences of the Regional Environmental and Ecological Fund.

Military and law enforcement

Mounted Police officers in Monsa.

Main articles: National Police Corps and Sovereign Military Order of Montesa

Due to its small size, Monsa has no army or defence forces and instead, the country relies on its foreign cooperation to protect its sovereignty; however, the Principality does maintain a small ceremonial army, the Sovereign Military Order of Montesa, a Catholic lay religious order, traditionally of military, chivalric and noble nature whose Knights have protected the Principality and Princely House since 1551 when the first contact between the two occurred. The SMOM is recognised by the Principality of Monsa and most foreign nations as a sovereign subject of international law, whose territory is on the San Isidro Hill of Monsa although they are allowed as Knights to protect the Roca de Monsa or Old Town of the city.

Law enforcement in Monsa, on the other hand, is provided by an armed national police force consisting of approximately 520 men and women, which is dependant on the Ministry of Interior and whose Spanish name is Cuerpo Nacional de Policía or National Police Corps. These are in charge of policing streets, controlling borders and jails and serving in diplomatic missions; coast and air guard operations are also under their sphere as Carabineros count with specialised units operating patrol and surveillance boats as well as two helicopters. Policing across the city of Monsa is usually done with the mounted units (Unidad de Montados), walking or by patrol cars. The Principality counts with one of the lowest murder or assault numbers per capita as well as counting with an extensive and discreet network of cameras distributed across the city of Monsa and other important urban poles. Due to the small size of Monsa, there is no airport; however, the country operates with an heliport located on the city of Monsa, which was inaugurated in 1978 and has eight pads as well as hangar facilities; it is operated by the Unidad de Control Aéreo of the Police.

Economy

The Plaza de los Príncipes in the Castellana neighbourhood is an important touristic and economic centre for the city of Monsa; building of the Stock Exchange on the right.

Monsa has highly specialised, valued and developed economy, which ranks second among other Astyrian nations in terms of nominal and PPP per capita GDP; $77,830 and $70,455 respectively. It has an almost null unemployment rate last reported at 1.2% and the world's lowest poverty rate, while its population ranks as with one of the highest number of millionaires and billionaires per capita in the world. Despite being one of the smallest nations in Astyria, it is one of the countries with more companies registered than citizens, which also enjoy one of the highest living standards in the region. The economy of the Principality of Monsa is characterised by being small but by having a high profits profile.

The economy of Monsa is driven on its majority by the tourism and gambling industry, which accounts 25% of the annual revenue and employs most of the workforce; however, in recent years, the Principality has developed a small but prosperous, highly industrialised, non-polluting, diversified and high-value-added economy with large contributions from a stable and secure banking and finances sector and small-scale industries. The financial sector of the economy is rooted in low taxes and a large community of expats residing in the Principality, it accounts for more of 80% of the total Gross Domestic Product and employs the vast majority of the skilled workforce, in addition, the financial and banking sector of Monsa is specialised in private banking, asset and wealth management services and it has reported banking assets to exceed the country's GDP 7.5 times. Despite its small territory, agriculture and livestock are also important for the economy of Monsa, which counts with a long-standing tradition of high-quality wines and olive oils to which the production of organic products have added more importance to the sector; most of the plantations and wineries are placed around towns and are owned by Monsan citizens. The country counts with only one stock exchange in the city of Monsa, the Monsa Stock Exchange (Bolsa de Monsa) or BMSX, whose benchmark stock market index is the IBMOX 25.

Despite having an important liberal approach towards business, the State retains monopolies in numerous sectors, which include tobacco, the postal services and alcohol. Other sectors like telecommunications, were previously monopolised by the State but were partially privatised during the 90's and early 00's; today, the State keeps control of the national telephone network operator TeMo (which the State owns 51%), water utilities (owned in a 45% by the State), the gambling industry (owned in a 65% by the State) and the railway and mass transit company (owned in 45% by the State). Although its small population, the pensions system of Monsa have acquired global importance by being solid and reliant while semi-privatised; the system currently allows private pensions funds to compete with the State owned pension fund.