Toubacterie
Toubacterie (lit. "rule by the white man" - of Ndjarendie origin), also referred to as Murungocracy or Murungerie in Estmerish colonies, is the name given to the period of time where white Eucleans ruled over Bahia. During Toubacterie the Euclean colonial powers rooted out or siginificantly altered the semi-feudalistic system of Hourege that had dominated Bahian civilisation for centuries prior, and was influential for the migration of people groups into Bahia such as the Yebase in Garambura and Murungu in Rwizikuru.
While the start of Toubacterie and its initial relationship with Hourege is debated, many agree that the settling of trading cities such as Sainte-Germaine and Port Graham in the 17th-century kicked off the rise of Toubacterie, which was influenced further by the Floren Empire's conquests of Tsabara during the Pereramonic Wars. Toubacterie also did not become the antithesis of Hourege, nor actively sought to remove it from Bahian society, until the scramble for Bahia began in the 19th century, and vast swathes of land were claimed or conquered for the Euclean powers.
Before Toubacterie
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Precolonial Bahia was marked by the Houregic system, a semi-feudal system of administration which had dominated the region since the Bahian Consolidation. Under Hourege Bahia had entered a golden age due to trade off its precious materials, particularly gold and ivory, which were traded with the outside world. Several strong states had emerged, such as the veRwizi Empire and Kingdom of Kambou, which became centres of education and arts. The capitals of these larger Houregic states were, at their peak, able to rival the great cities of Euclea and other areas in Coius. This prosperity was only temporary, however. The upper castes grew increasingly affluent and concentrated more wealth into themselves. This was most notable among the clergy, who were not taxed under the conventional Houregic system and therefore their riches were essentially untouchable. The warrior castes as well became complacent in their wealth, preferring to use slaves in combat than risk themselves and demanding privileges from their Karanes in return for their support. This meant that the Houregic system became increasingly inefficient and became a burden on progress. Notably, the disenfranchisement of the mercantile caste effectively blocked the development of an urban middle class and caused the economies to stagnate. This corruption, in turn, led to the weakness of the education system and meant that Bahia began to trail behind the Euclean powers of the age.
Slavery had always been a part of Bahian culture, and slaves were often bought and sold as property in Bahian societies before the arrival of the Eucleans. However, the taking of slaves was a ritualised part of warfare in Bahia and as such a relatively rare occurrence, with most slaves being born into captivity. The arrival of the Euclean nations, which sought cheap labour for the cultivation of labour-intensive crops such as cotton within their Asterian colonies. This created a strong market for slaves, one which the elites of the Houregic states were eager to fill. The slave trade started out slowly, but as the existing market of slaves was too small to account for the demand of the Euclean nations Karanes began to wage wars in order to take more slaves. This caused instability in Bahia, which created an opening for the Euclean nations to take a foothold in the subcontinent in order to protect these interests.
Religiously, Bahia was still highly divided. Eastern Bahia was dominated by Irfan, which had swept across the continent at the beginning of the Bahian Consolidation and continued to spread by trade and conquest. Large Orthodox Sotiran communities were also present in Djedet and northern Mabifia, with smaller communities spread across the rest of the subcontinent. Notably, there were significant numbers of Mirites dispersed in most major Houregic states. The rest of the population practiced forms of Bahian Fetishism, a traditional polytheist faith group which was not centralised and primarily revolved around the worship of individual gods using idols. The advent of Catholic missions in Bahia is highly linked with the start of Toubacterie as a historical era.
Houregic Toubacterie
Scramble for Bahia
Decline
The decline of Toubacterie is conventionally linked with the rise of Pan-Bahianism and anti-colonialism as prominent political ideologies within Bahia. The first concerted anti-colonial uprising took place in Mabifia in 1883, when Irfanic Ndjarendie soldiers of the warrior caste were forced to lodge themselves with former slaves. Rather than accept this slight, the soldiers set fire to their barracks and fired upon their Gaullican officers. As news spread of the act, soldiers across Mabifia and even in other regions of Bahia took up arms. The revolt soon evolved from a complaint based on caste affiliations into an uprising against Toubacterie in general, especially the cultural suppression which took place. Lacking a central figure, the mutiny was eventually crushed by the Euclean powers who sent in troops in order to protect assets such as the Adunis to Sainte-Germaine Railway. In early 1884 the largest of the rebel groups under Irfanic cleric Saïkou Ahmed Bamba was crushed, with any last armed resistance ceasing by the end of the year. The failure of the resistance encouraged the Euclean powers to continue their suppression of Bahian culture but envigorated the ideological beginnings of Pan-Bahianism as the weakness of a divided Bahia in the face of a strong Euclean response had been shown.
By the end of the Great War in 1935, the desire to maintain a global colonial empire and significantly diminished, especially in a now fractured and destroyed Gaullica. Most of the former empire's possessions were either transferred to Grand Alliance colonial powers - Estmere, Werania and Etruria, or gained their independence in the ensuing peace treaty. With colonialism in Estmere especially going out of the fashion, combined with the new government's desire to decolonise their colonial empire, save a few key settlements, the established colonies in Bahia began their preparations for independence. Most Bahian colonial holdings declared or gained their independence throughout the 1930s and 1940s, beginning with Djedet in 1933 and white rule effectively ending with the Treaty of Ashford in April 1950, which saw Tabora secure its independence, which until then was the final Euclean holding in Bahia.
As such, for most of Bahia, Toubacterie had ended in 1950, however in Garambura the end of Toubacterie is placed at 1969, as the rule of Rwizikuru is often seen as an oppressive one comparable to Toubacterie.