User:Latium/Sandbox4

For a list of praesides senatus, see List of praesides senatus.

Praeses Senatus
Emblem of the Latin Senate
Incumbent Alexander Pompilius since 4 January 2016
Style	The Most Renowned His Excellency
Member of	Sacred Assembly College of Praetors National War Council
Reports to	The Monarch and The Senate
Nominator	Senatorial Factions (in practice)
Appointer	The Monarch
Term length	At the Emperor's pleasure while maintaining support of a majority of the Senate
Inaugural holder	Thomas Anicius
Formation	25 February 1866

The Praeses Senatus (President of the Senate) is considered the most powerful member of the Senate, and serves as the leader of their senatorial faction in the entire senate. The position was established in 1866 by imperial decree of Theophylactus I Anicius. It is not required that the Praeses Senatus is a sitting Senator, however, no non-incumbent has served in the role since its inception, resulting in the office being considered the highest elected office in Latium. Despite not serving as the presiding officer, the Praeses Senatus manages and schedules the Senate's legislative business while the Orator Senatus presides over debates. According to constitutional convention, the Praeses Senatus is named Consul during his first year in office and serves alongside the emperor.

The current Praeses Senatus is Alexander Pompilius of Omnes. He was elected to his first term as Praeses Senatus on 4 January 2016, the first day of the Xth Senate. He has led Omnes since 2014.

History

The role of Praeses Senatus was first established on 25 February 1866 as one of the first reforms of Emperor Theophylactus I Anicius. The emperor appointed his younger brother Thomas Anicius as the first Praeses Senatus, who was named consul for the year alongside the emperor. The Senate later confirmed Anicius as Praeses Senatus the following day, thereby instituting a duel confirmation now associated with the office. Anicius served two five year terms as Praeses Senatus.

Early on, the Praeses Senatus primarily served to keep order and enforce senate rules, while playing a minor role in scheduling legislative actions as this was, until this point, primarily handled by imperial prerogative. The subsequent creation of Orator Senatus to keep order and enforce rules enabled the Praeses Senatus to participate in debates and wield significant influence over the legislative process, as well as determine the senate schedule and what measures would stand for vote.

Nominating procedures for the office often resulted in heated elections among senate factions, which in the early post-reform period were far more nebulous than today. As a result of the weak factions, emperors still wielded tremendous authority in the nominating process.

Selection

The praeses senatus is appointed by the Monarch, and serves at the his or her's pleasure. However, the praeses senatus must maintain the support of a majority of the Senate (usually its faction or coalition alone) or else face resignation. If this occurs, the Senate may not appoint a replacement, but instead the emperor must. In recent years, the vicarius praeses will step into the role on an interim basis.

Senate factions play a key role in the nomination of the praeses senatus. To be nominated by the senate, a candidate must receive a majority of votes cast among the current session of senate. If no candidate achieves a majority, a voice vote occurs until a candidate is selected. In practice, nomination votes are a formality, as the victorious faction leader following the latest senatorial election is the only candidate able to achieve a majority. Once the senate formally nominates a candidate, the candidate is granted an audience with the emperor, who then accepts or rejects a nomination.

Role

The largest role of the Praeses Senatus is managing the legislative schedule and business of the Senate, which has greatly expanded in the years since the office was established. The Praeses Senatus also serves a number of administrative functions, X, Y, and Z. Along with this, the Praeses Senatus may summon and adjourn the Senate – though with Imperial assent as only the emperor may dissolve the senate. Primary of the Praeses Senatus' duties is to decide the agenda, when sessions meet, when votes are held, and significant influence in appointing or deciding committee appointments. The praeses senatus is also responsible for ensuring the legislation is supported by a majority and then earns imperial assent. In the modern era, they can sometimes lead to either confrontations with the emperor or a more restrained senate.

Praetorial Office

Main article: College of Praetors

The praeses senatus holds a seat on the College of Praetors and plays a significant role in the selection of praetors, often recommending individuals of his or her faction. As the administrative heads of government departments, these praetors ensure that policies of the emperor are carried out by permanent civil servants. All praetors appointments are made by the Emperor, most often among sitting senators or individuals appointed to the senate for the purpose of praetorial appointment.

The growth of the College met with widespread complaint and opposition because its meetings were often held in secret and it excluded the Senate at-large, focusing on the Emperor and his court. While the College has grown in significance since it's 1860s changes, it remains secondary to the Sacred Assembly.

An individual may also serve as praeses senatus while concurrently serving as the head of a college bureau. Most often this occurs when a vacancy arises in either the praeses senatus role or a praetorship on an interim basis.

Compensation

Since 2001, the consul has earned a $222,451 annual salary, along with a $50,000 annual expense account, a $100,000 nontaxable travel account, and $20,000 for entertainment, but does not include the $140,316 salary for Senators. The most recent raise in salary was approved by the Senate and Jason VI Claudius in 1998 and went into effect in 2000.

The praeses senatus' main office is located at Curia Aurelia in Castellum. It contains a number of amenities, as well as access to a sizeable staff, facilities available to the praeses including medical care, recreation, and security services. Palatine House, located near the base of the Palatine Hill, is a complex of seven connected townhouses exceeding 100,000 square feet of floor space which serves as an unofficial residence of the praeses senatus, and occasionally serves as a guest house for state visitors due to it's proximity to the Palace.

The Praetorian Guard is charged with protecting the praeses sentatus and his or her family for the duration of their tenure in office, and since 1993 beyond completion of their term. Before 1993, post-office security was handled by private security firms of the former praeses senatus' choice, paid for via state pension funds. Praeses senatus' may receive a pension after their time in office that is apportioned based on need; this type of pension has only been collected on one occasion by Valens Poppaeus, who was diagnosed with cancer prior to the 1995 senatorial election, prompting him to step down.

See Also

• List of praesides senatus
• Consul of Latium

Consul

Latin Consul
Consul
File:Emblem of the Latin Senate.svg Emblem of the Latin Senate
Incumbent Valentia Verrucosa Constantine Antistius since 1 January 2022
Appointer	The Monarch
Term length	One year, renewable every five years
Inaugural holder	Gaius Vitellius Tricostus & Appius Cloelius Siculus
Formation	6th century BC

The Consul is one of the most prestigious offices and honorifics in Latium, and was formerly the highest elected political office in ancient Latium. Despite lacking administrative duties or executive authority, the role of Consul remains of significant importance, as it is the only position that may be shared by the Emperor.

The role of the consul in government has frequently changed since its inception in the 6th century BCE. Under the empire, the consulship originally served as a senior administrative role, and one that was frequently assumed by the emperor themselves. The emperor has been the sole appointer of the consulship since the 1st century CE, but until the 4th century CE was nominally elected.

List of 21st century consuls

Year	Consul prior	Consul posterior
2001	Imp. C. Claudius Anicius Nero Iason Felix Alexander Hadrianus Cae. Aug. I	Gn. Seius Tubero Iustinus
2002	Imp. Aug. Marsella Eudoxia Atmos I	Dux A. Pinarius Natta Michael Constantinus
2003	Imp. C. Claudius Anicius Nero Iason Felix Alexander Hadrianus Cae. Aug. II	G. Julius Libo Constantinus Spurius
2004	Imp. C. Claudius Anicius Nero Iason Felix Alexander Hadrianus Cae. Aug. III	Ant. Tullius Longus Rufus Aurelius
suff.	M. Stellantinus Acidinus Ioannes
2005	Pr. Fl. Claudius Anicius Nero Theodosius Gregorius Constantinus Dux Beroeae I	L. Claudius Sabinus Michael Theodosius
suff.		Pr. Maria Claudia Anicia Christina Sophia Constantia I
2006	Imp. C. Claudius Anicius Nero Iason Felix Alexander Hadrianus Cae. Aug. IV	Aur. Otacilius Constantinus Georgius
2007	C. Claudius Anicius Nero Constantinus Felix Iosephus Imp. Dest. I	M. Bodius Silvanus Valens
suff.	Dux Gn. Tarpeius Montanus Constantinus Apollos	Henricus Dux Radenbura
2008	Pr. Vop. Claudius Anicius Ioannes Leo Andreas Silvanus Dux Auruncae I	Aur. Flavius Asbadus Aquila Celsus
2009	Imp. Aug. Marsella Eudoxia Atmos II	Dux A. Pinarius Natta Michael Constantinus II
2010	Imp. C. Claudius Anicius Nero Iason Felix Alexander Hadrianus Cae. Aug. V	Pr. Maria Claudia Anicia Christina Sophia Constantia II
suff.	Victor Ravenna Gentilius Ioannes Theophylactus Alexius Dux Ravennae	Emin Marius Sarafyan
2011	Imp. C. Claudius Anicius Nero Iason Felix Alexander Hadrianus Cae. Aug. V	Dux Maria Tarpeia Anicia Iuliana Antontia
2012	Imp. C. Claudius Anicius Nero Iason Felix Alexander Hadrianus Cae. Aug. VI	Natan Constantinus Andronicus Davidus Philes
suff.	Dux Fl. Aemilius Regillus Marius Petrus
2013	C. Claudius Anicius Nero Constantinus Felix Iosephus Imp. Dest. II	L. Tullius Longus Samuel Cyricus
suff.		Opet. Corvus Decimus Constantinus Postumus
2014	Imp. C. Claudius Anicius Nero Iason Felix Alexander Hadrianus Cae. Aug. VII	Imp. Aug. Marsella Eudoxia Atmos III
suff.	Leo Dux Celda
2015	Imp. C. Claudius Anicius Nero Constantinus Felix Iosephus Cae. III	Ap. Claudius Sabinus Marius Michael
suff.		St. Stilcho Marcius Theodorus Alexander
2016	Imp. C. Claudius Anicius Nero Iason Felix Alexander Hadrianus Cae. Aug. VIII	Alexander Pompilius Cicero Felix I
suff.	Imp. C. Claudius Anicius Nero Constantinus Felix Iosephus Cae. Aug. IV
2017	Imp. C. Claudius Anicius Nero Constantinus Felix Iosephus Cae. V	no colleague
2018	Pr. Fl. Claudius Anicius Nero Theodosius Gregorius Constantinus Dux Beroeae II	Gregorius Poppaeus Eugenius Donus
2019	Imp. C. Claudius Anicius Nero Constantinus Felix Iosephus Cae. VI	Imp. Aug. Alazne Euphrosyne Dain I
2020	F. Verrucosa Valentia Zoe Damiane	D. Rasinius Olybrius Theodosius
2021	Imp. C. Claudius Anicius Nero Constantinus Felix Iosephus Cae. VII	Alexander Pompilius Cicero Felix II
2022	F. Verrucosa Valentia Zoe Damiane	A. Antistius Rusticus Burrus Constantinus Faustus

Key

• Emperor serving as consul
• Member of the imperial family serving as consul
• Empress consort serving as consul
• Praeses Senatus serving as consul