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With the new buildings yet unfinished, in 1094, Lendert was [[Lendert-with-Cadell#8th to 11th centuries|besieged]] by invading forces from [[Lorecia]] which severely damaged the abbey buildings and destroyed the nearly completed nave, though the monk's quire and chancel remained mostly intact. The rebuilding of Lendert and Cadell brought skilled stonemasons to the city, who practised in the new Gothic style. Subsequently, when the entire abbey church was rebuilt  beginning in 1111, it was mostly in this new Gothic style.
With the new buildings yet unfinished, in 1094, Lendert was [[Lendert-with-Cadell#8th to 11th centuries|besieged]] by invading forces from [[Lorecia]] which severely damaged the abbey buildings and destroyed the nearly completed nave, though the monk's quire and chancel remained mostly intact. The rebuilding of Lendert and Cadell brought skilled stonemasons to the city, who practised in the new Gothic style. Subsequently, when the entire abbey church was rebuilt  beginning in 1111, it was mostly in this new Gothic style.


===Cathedral Priory===
===Elevation to Cathedral===
With the increasing wealth and population of Lendert, the Royal Court settled down permanently in Lendert in the early 13th century. Desiring a cathedral in his capital, Eltbold appointed the abbot, Edward de Groive, as Bishop of Lendert in 1284, elevating the abbey into a bishopric by his charter. Though the diocese merged with the diocese of Cadell in 1302 after the death of the Bishop of Cadell, and became the Diocese of Lendert and Cadell, the Bishop of Lendert never became Bishop of Lendart ''and'' Cadell for unknown reasons.
With the increasing wealth and population of Lendert, the Royal Court settled down permanently in Lendert in the early 13th century. Desiring a cathedral in his capital, Eltbold appointed the abbot, Edward de Groive, as Bishop of Lendert in 1284, elevating the abbey into a bishopric by his charter. Though the diocese merged with the diocese of Cadell in 1302 after the death of the Bishop of Cadell, and became the Diocese of Lendert and Cadell, the Bishop of Lendert never became Bishop of Lendart ''and'' Cadell for unknown reasons.


Owing to this arrangement, the Lord Bishop of Lendert is also the Abbot of the Lendert. Indeed, this was in practice the case as well for Edward de Groive and the several bishops after him who considered themselves the head of the priory and used the title of abbot in that capacity. However, by the time of the Bishop Thomas de Darton in 1402 at the latest, it had become usual for the prior to take the place as ''de facto'' head of the priory, rather than merely the bishop-abbot's deputy. The change meant that the monks voted for their prior rather than have the abbot appoint a prior. However, at their installation, the Bishops of Lendert are still enthroned in the Chapter House as Abbot of Lendert by the Prior.
Owing to this arrangement, the Lord Bishop of Lendert is also the Abbot of the Lendert. Indeed, this was in practice the case as well for Edward de Groive and the several bishops after him who considered themselves the head of the priory and used the title of abbot in that capacity. However, by the time of the Bishop Thomas de Darton in 1402 at the latest, it had become usual for the prior to take the place as ''de facto'' head of the priory, rather than merely the bishop-abbot's deputy. The change meant that the monks voted for their prior rather than have the abbot appoint a prior. However, at their installation, the Bishops of Lendert are still enthroned in the Chapter House as Abbot of Lendert by the Prior.


==Grounds==
===Schism===
{{See also|Church of Nortend#The Great Schism}}
In 1514, Alexander I renounced papal authority in Great Nortend, and declared the Church in Nortend an independent church, for the Bishop of Rome “hath no jurisdiction, temporal or spiritual in our Realm”. Daily life at the Cathedral carried on as usual; however, the Lord Bishop of Lendert ... The Convent threatened to refuse to swear the Oath of Supremacy though the Prior and Dean did. They translated their vows of stability to Curching Abbey, where the Prior became Abbot and the Dean the Prior. Alexander I then refused to grant a writ of ''priore eligendo'' to permit the Dean and Convent to elect a new Prior. Instead, the Bishop of Lendert,  ...
 
===To Present===
 
==Architecture==
====Chancel and Quire====
====Chancel and Quire====


====Screen and Organ====
====Screen and Organ====
The Cathedral Church has a combined rood screen and choir screen, as in common in many southern monastic churches, forming one continuous rood loft, upon which the Rood is erected. It is flanked by figures of the Virgin Mary and John the Baptist.  
The Cathedral Church has a combined rood screen and choir screen, as in common in many southern monastic churches, forming one continuous rood loft, upon which the Rood is erected. It is flanked by figures of the Virgin Mary and John the Baptist. There is a rood altar located at the base of the rood, upon the rood loft.


The Cathedral has two organs. The older Fenvitt Organ, donated by the Earl of Fenvitt, is located under the north arch of the transept whilst the 20th century State Organ is located in the Lady Chapel.
The Cathedral has two organs. The older Fenvitt Organ, donated by the Earl of Fenvitt, is located under the north arch of the transept whilst the 20th century State Organ is located in the Lady Chapel.
Line 82: Line 88:
====Towers====
====Towers====
==Foundation==
==Foundation==
The Cathedral Church is also used as the Priory church, and is properly distinct from the Cathedral Priory of St. Peter. The Church is the see of the Lord Bishop of Lendert, and is governed by the Provost and Chapter, whereas the Priory is governed by the Prior, and Convent. The bishopric is associated with the cardinalate of St. John the Baptist, Orse Street. The Cathedral Priory is a {{wp|Benedictine}} [[Cardican religious houses|religious house]] consisting of the Prior and the Convent of up to fifty monks and brothers. In 2020, there were 33 monks and 12 brothers. Additionally, there are eighteen boys in the choir, who attend the Cathedral Priory School, and a number of singing clerks.
The Cathedral Church is also used as the Priory church, and is properly distinct from the Cathedral Priory of St. Peter, as the Church is the see of the Lord Bishop of Lendert, associated with the cardinalate of St. John the Baptist, Orse Street, ''in commendam''. The incumbent of the Cathedral Church is the Prior, who with the Convent (excluding the brothers) acts as the governing corporate body of both the Church and the Priory.<ref>''Cf''. in a secular cathedral, where the Archdeacon is Provost and the Dean is ''de facto'' head of the Chapter.</ref> The Priory is a {{wp|Benedictine}} [[Cardican religious houses|religious house]] consisting of the Prior and the Convent of up to fifty monks and brothers. In 2020, there were 33 monks and 12 brothers. Additionally, there are eighteen boys in the choir, who attend the Cathedral Priory School, and a number of singing clerks.
 
The Prior of the Cathedral Priory is also ''ex officio'' the Provost of the Cathedral Chapter, whilst the monks of the Convent are members of the Chapter by right, although not the brothers.<ref>''Cf''. in a secular cathedral, where the Archdeacon is Provost and the Dean is ''de facto'' head of the Chapter.</ref>


==Liturgy==
==Liturgy==
{{See also|Cardican Rite}}
{{See also|Cardican Rite}}
The daily liturgies of the Cathedral Priory are conducted according to the [[Cardican Rite]] of the [[Church of Nortend]] as adapted to the monastic use. In the main quire, divine service of Mattins and Vespers are sung daily by the full choir of monks, boys and clerks. Prime, Tierce, Sext, Nones and Compline are sung by the monks only. The Conventual High Mass as customary occurs at noon, and is sung with the full choir. This occurs both at the High Altar, sung by the hebdomadary, and also at the Rood Altar by another hebdomadary before the Rood Screen simultaneously.
The daily liturgies of the Cathedral are served by the Cathedral Priory and are conducted according to the [[Cardican Rite]] of the [[Church of Nortend]] as adapted to the monastic use. In the main quire, divine service of Mattins and Vespers are sung daily by the full choir of monks, boys and clerks. Prime, Tierce, Sext, Nones and Compline are sung by the monks only. The Conventual High Mass as customary occurs at noon, and is sung with the full choir. This occurs both at the High Altar, sung by the hebdomadary, and also at the Rood Altar by another hebdomadary before the Rood Screen simultaneously.


Throughout the morning, after Mattins and until the High Mass, there is a steady stream of low masses at the various chapels and side-altars around the Cathedal said by the monks and clergy.
Throughout the morning, after Mattins and until the High Mass, there is a steady stream of low masses at the various chapels and side-altars around the Cathedal said by the monks and clergy.

Revision as of 13:53, 8 May 2021

Saint Peter's Cathedral
The Cathedral Church of Saint Peter and Saint Blaise at Lendert
Ecclesia Cathedralis Sanctorum Petri et Blasii Lendartiensis
Wells Cathedral 2.jpg
LocationLendert-with-Cadell
CountryGreat Nortend
DenominationChurch of Nortend
History
DedicationSt Peter, St Blaise
ConsecratedAugust 1st, 1284
Architecture
Functional statusActive
StyleGothic
Years built1111–1322
Administration
DioceseLendert and Cadell
ProvinceLimmes
Clergy
Lord Bishop of LendertCardinal Alan Gough
Bishop of CadellWalter Fitzcolling
Prior of LendertHenry Finchen
PrecentorMatthew Reedman

St. Peter's Cathedral is a cathedral of the Church of Nortend in the capital city of Lendert-with-Cadell. It is the see of the Lord Bishop of Lendert, in the Diocese of Lendert and Cadell, as well as the church of the Benedictine Priory of Lendert. The Cathedral is formally titled the Ecclesia Cathedralis Sanctorum Petri et Blasii Lendartoniensis or the Cathedral Church of St. Peter and St. Blaise at Lendert, dedicated to St Peter the Apostle and St Blaise. As a monastic cathedral, the conventual chapter serves as the cathedral chapter, whilst the Bishop of Lendert is also lawfully the Abbot of Lendert. As such, he appoints the Prior, who serves as a Dean of the cathedral chapter.

History

Abbey

The Cathedral was founded as a Benedictine abbey in 800 by Æthelfrey after the death of his father, Hartmold the Great, who was the first Christian king of Nortend. Originally a small house, by 977, records shew that there were forty monks at the Abbey, which had its own daughter priory at Galwick. The increase in population, assisted by generous grants by kings of the House of Mure necessitated expansion and rebuilding of the monastic buildings. This began in 930 under the abbot Geselwin after funds were secured from the increasing number of pilgrims to the shrine of St. Blaise, whose relics had passed into the Abbey's possession.

With the new buildings yet unfinished, in 1094, Lendert was besieged by invading forces from Lorecia which severely damaged the abbey buildings and destroyed the nearly completed nave, though the monk's quire and chancel remained mostly intact. The rebuilding of Lendert and Cadell brought skilled stonemasons to the city, who practised in the new Gothic style. Subsequently, when the entire abbey church was rebuilt beginning in 1111, it was mostly in this new Gothic style.

Elevation to Cathedral

With the increasing wealth and population of Lendert, the Royal Court settled down permanently in Lendert in the early 13th century. Desiring a cathedral in his capital, Eltbold appointed the abbot, Edward de Groive, as Bishop of Lendert in 1284, elevating the abbey into a bishopric by his charter. Though the diocese merged with the diocese of Cadell in 1302 after the death of the Bishop of Cadell, and became the Diocese of Lendert and Cadell, the Bishop of Lendert never became Bishop of Lendart and Cadell for unknown reasons.

Owing to this arrangement, the Lord Bishop of Lendert is also the Abbot of the Lendert. Indeed, this was in practice the case as well for Edward de Groive and the several bishops after him who considered themselves the head of the priory and used the title of abbot in that capacity. However, by the time of the Bishop Thomas de Darton in 1402 at the latest, it had become usual for the prior to take the place as de facto head of the priory, rather than merely the bishop-abbot's deputy. The change meant that the monks voted for their prior rather than have the abbot appoint a prior. However, at their installation, the Bishops of Lendert are still enthroned in the Chapter House as Abbot of Lendert by the Prior.

Schism

In 1514, Alexander I renounced papal authority in Great Nortend, and declared the Church in Nortend an independent church, for the Bishop of Rome “hath no jurisdiction, temporal or spiritual in our Realm”. Daily life at the Cathedral carried on as usual; however, the Lord Bishop of Lendert ... The Convent threatened to refuse to swear the Oath of Supremacy though the Prior and Dean did. They translated their vows of stability to Curching Abbey, where the Prior became Abbot and the Dean the Prior. Alexander I then refused to grant a writ of priore eligendo to permit the Dean and Convent to elect a new Prior. Instead, the Bishop of Lendert, ...

To Present

Architecture

Chancel and Quire

Screen and Organ

The Cathedral Church has a combined rood screen and choir screen, as in common in many southern monastic churches, forming one continuous rood loft, upon which the Rood is erected. It is flanked by figures of the Virgin Mary and John the Baptist. There is a rood altar located at the base of the rood, upon the rood loft.

The Cathedral has two organs. The older Fenvitt Organ, donated by the Earl of Fenvitt, is located under the north arch of the transept whilst the 20th century State Organ is located in the Lady Chapel.

Nave and Transepts

The north transept of the Cathedral.

Chapels

Masses and Offices of the Lady are sung daily in the Lady Chapel.

The Carolian Lady Chapel was completed in 1433 as the bequest of Charles I as an enlargement of the earlier lady chapel, situated at the eastern end of the chancel, behind the reredos of the High Altar. Six boys and four monks weekly are assigned to sing on rotation from the main choir at the Lady Chapel. Daily Lady Masses in honour of the Blessed Virgin Mary are offered in the Lady Chapel, as well as the Offices of the Lady.

Location on the southern side of the chancel is the chapel and shrine of St. Blaise where relics of the 4th century saint were deposited during the rebuilding of the Abbey. There are also chapels dedicated to the Holy Trinity, St. Paul, St. John the Baptist, St. Michael, St. Andrew, St. Lawrence, St. Lucy, St. Benedict, and St. Silvester.

Towers

Foundation

The Cathedral Church is also used as the Priory church, and is properly distinct from the Cathedral Priory of St. Peter, as the Church is the see of the Lord Bishop of Lendert, associated with the cardinalate of St. John the Baptist, Orse Street, in commendam. The incumbent of the Cathedral Church is the Prior, who with the Convent (excluding the brothers) acts as the governing corporate body of both the Church and the Priory.[1] The Priory is a Benedictine religious house consisting of the Prior and the Convent of up to fifty monks and brothers. In 2020, there were 33 monks and 12 brothers. Additionally, there are eighteen boys in the choir, who attend the Cathedral Priory School, and a number of singing clerks.

Liturgy

The daily liturgies of the Cathedral are served by the Cathedral Priory and are conducted according to the Cardican Rite of the Church of Nortend as adapted to the monastic use. In the main quire, divine service of Mattins and Vespers are sung daily by the full choir of monks, boys and clerks. Prime, Tierce, Sext, Nones and Compline are sung by the monks only. The Conventual High Mass as customary occurs at noon, and is sung with the full choir. This occurs both at the High Altar, sung by the hebdomadary, and also at the Rood Altar by another hebdomadary before the Rood Screen simultaneously.

Throughout the morning, after Mattins and until the High Mass, there is a steady stream of low masses at the various chapels and side-altars around the Cathedal said by the monks and clergy.

In the Lady Chapel, Mattins and Vespers of the Lady are said daily by the full Lady choir, immediately after their corresponding ordinary offices are sung. Once a week, usually on a ferial Saturday, the offices will be sung by the full Lady choir, whilst Sext and Compline are sung by the monks only, as for the ordinary services. On ordinary fairs a Lady Mass is sung daily by the full choir.

Members of the public are allowed access to the Cathedral throughout the day and during divine service. However, as in all Cardican churches, they are not ordinarily permitted to pass the Rood Screen and enter the Quire or Chancel, or pass the altar rails of chapels and side-altars.

  1. Cf. in a secular cathedral, where the Archdeacon is Provost and the Dean is de facto head of the Chapter.