General Secretary of the CPSU (TheodoresTomfooleries): Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox official post | {{Infobox official post | ||
| post = General Secretary | | post = General Secretary | ||
| body = the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union | | body = the<br>Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union | ||
| native_name = {{lang|ru|Генеральный секретарь ЦК КПСС}} | | native_name = {{lang|ru|Генеральный секретарь ЦК КПСС}} | ||
| flag = Flag of the CPSU.svg | | flag = Flag of the CPSU.svg | ||
| flagsize = 150px | | flagsize = 150px | ||
| flagborder = | | flagborder = | ||
| flagcaption = Flag of the | | flagcaption = Flag of the CPSU | ||
| insignia = | | insignia = Hammer and Sickle (CPSU; variant).svg | ||
| insigniasize = 100px | | insigniasize = 100px | ||
| insigniacaption = | | insigniacaption = Emblem of the CPSU | ||
| image = | | image = Sabrican Garayev.png | ||
| imagesize = 250px | | imagesize = 250px | ||
| alt = | | alt = | ||
| incumbent = [[Sabrican Garayev]] | | incumbent = [[Sabrican Garayev]] | ||
| incumbentsince = 2010 | |||
| incumbentsince | | department = [[Central Committee of the CPSU (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Central Committee of the CPSU]]<br>[[Secretariat of the CPSU (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Secretariat of the CPSU]] | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| style = {{wp|Comrade}} General Secretary<br/><small>(Informal)</small> | | style = {{wp|Comrade}} General Secretary<br/><small>(Informal)</small> | ||
| member_of = [[Politburo of the CPSU (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Politburo | | member_of = [[Politburo of the CPSU (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Politburo]]<br>[[Secretariat of the CPSU (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Secretariat]] | ||
| reports_to = CPSU | | reports_to = CPSU | ||
| residence = {{wp|Kremlin Senate}} | | residence = {{wp|Kremlin Senate}} | ||
| seat = {{wp|Kremlin}}, [[Moscow (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Moscow]] | | seat = {{wp|Kremlin}}, [[Moscow (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Moscow]] | ||
| nominator = | | nominator = | ||
| appointer = [[Central Committee of the CPSU (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Central Committee | | appointer = [[Central Committee of the CPSU (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Central Committee]] | ||
| precursor = ''Position created'' | | precursor = ''Position created'' | ||
| formation = 3 April, 1922 | | formation = 3 April, 1922 | ||
Line 31: | Line 29: | ||
| unofficial_names = Gensek | | unofficial_names = Gensek | ||
}} | }} | ||
The General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union | The '''General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union'''{{efn|{{lang-ru|Генеральный секретарь ЦК КПСС|Generalny sekretar TSK KPSS}}}} is the {{wp|party leader|leader}} of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] (CPSU), the {{wp|one-party state|sole-ruling}} party of the [[Soviet Union (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]]. It is, in practice, the highest position in the government of the Soviet Union. Since 1924, the general secretary has been recognized as the de-facto leader of the country. | ||
The general secretary heads the [[Secretariat of the CPSU (TheodoresTomfooleires)|Secretariat]] and sets the agenda of the [[Central Committee of the CPSU (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Central Committee]] and [[Politburo of the CPSU (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Politburo]]. The general secretary, by {{wp|ex-officio|''ex-officio''}}, also heads the [[Council of Defence (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Council of Defence]] as the {{wp|commander-in-chief}} of the [[Soviet Armed Forces (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Soviet Armed Forces]]. Since {{wp|Leonid Brezhnev}}, the general secretary has also concurrently served as the head of state of the Soviet Union as the [[President of the Soviet Union (TheodoresTomfooleries)|president]]. | |||
The position was | == History == | ||
After the {{wp|October Revolution}}, the Bolsheviks created the Secretariat to oversee the day-to-day activities of the Communist party. In 1922, the position of general secretary was established to manage and direct the activities of the Secretariat. The original intention was for the general secretary to have a purely administrative and disciplinary role. {{wp|Vladimir Lenin}} appointed {{wp|Joseph Stalin}} as general secretary with the expectation that he would remain a largely unimportant bureaucrat. In practice however, because of the powers of the office and Stalin's close connections, he was able to transform, after Lenin's death, the office of general secretary into the de-facto party leader, and thus the leader of the Soviet Union. Through his nearly thirty-year long tenure, Stalin turned the office synonymous with not just the party leadership, but the leadership of the country as a whole. | |||
The position was briefly abolished by Stalin on 16 October 1952, but it was resurrected with the title First Secretary by his successor {{wp|Nikita Khrushchev}}. After Khrushchev's ousting, the office was renamed back to general secretary once more. Since then, little has changed about the powers of the general secretary. | |||
== List of officeholders == | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2| Portrait | |||
! rowspan=2| Name<br />{{small|(Birth–Death)}} | |||
! colspan=3| Term | |||
! rowspan=2| Notes | |||
|- | |||
! Took office | |||
! Left office | |||
! Duration | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=6| Chairman of the [[Secretariat of the CPSU (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Secretariat]] of the [[Central Committee of the CPSU (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Central Committee]] of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)]]<br />{{small|(1918–1919)}} | |||
|- | |||
| [[File:Свердлов Яков Михайлович.jpg|90px]] | |||
| '''{{wp|Yakov Sverdlov}}'''<br />{{small|(1885–1919)}} | |||
| 8 March 1918 | |||
| 16 March 1919 † | |||
| {{ayd|1918|03|08|1919|03|16}} | |||
| Sverdlov was elected chairman of the Secretariat at the {{wp|7th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|7th Party Congress}} in 1918. | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=6| Responsible Secretary of the [[Central Committee of the CPSU (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Central Committee]] of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)]]<br />{{small|(1919–1922)}} | |||
|- | |||
| [[File:Stasova2.jpg|90px]] | |||
| '''{{wp|Elena Stasova}}'''<br />{{small|(1873–1966)}} | |||
| 25 March 1919 | |||
| 29 November 1919 | |||
| {{ayd|1919|03|25|1919|11|29}} | |||
| Stasova was elected responsible secretary of the Central Committee at the {{wp|8th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolshevisk)|8th Party Congress}} to replace Sverdlov following his death. | |||
|- | |||
| [[File:Nikolai Krestinsky.jpg|90px]] | |||
| '''{{wp|Nikolay Krestinsky}}'''<br />{{small|(1883–1938)}} | |||
| 29 November 1919 | |||
| 16 March 1921 | |||
| {{ayd|1919|11|29|1921|03|16}} | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| [[File:Vyacheslav Molotov at a session of the 3rd All-Union Congress of Soviets.jpg|90px]] | |||
| '''{{wp|Vyacheslav Molotov}}'''<br />{{small|(1890–1986)}}{{sfn|Phillips|2001|p=20}} | |||
| 16 March 1921 | |||
| 3 April 1922 | |||
| {{ayd|1921|03|16|1922|04|03}} | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=6| General Secretary of the [[Central Committee of the CPSU (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Central Committee]] of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union (TheodoresTomfooleries)|All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)]]<br />{{small|(1922–1952)}} | |||
|- | |||
| [[File:JStalin Secretary general CCCP 1942.jpg|90px]] | |||
| '''{{wp|Joseph Stalin}}'''<br />{{small|(1878–{{wp|Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin|1953}})}} | |||
| 3 April 1922s | |||
| 16 October 1952 | |||
| {{ayd|1922|04|03|1952|10|16}} | |||
| Stalin was elected General Secretary at the {{wp|11th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|11th Party Congress}} in 1922. Under Stalin, the office turned from a purely bureaucratical position to the administrative leader of the party and the Soviet Union at large. Stalin was never formally re-elected as General Secretary at the {{wp|17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)|17th Party Congress}} in 1934, but retained power in the position until he abolished the position in 1952. Stalin retained ultimate power over both the Soviet government and the Communist party until his death on 5 March, 1953. His tenure of 30 years was the longest in the Soviet Union's history. | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=6| First Secretary of the [[Central Committee of the CPSU (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Central Committee]] of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]<br />{{small|(1953–1966)}} | |||
|- | |||
| [[File:Nikita Khrusjtsjov (cropped).jpg|90px]] | |||
| '''{{wp|Nikita Khrushchev}}'''<br />{{small|(1894–1971)}} | |||
| 7 September 1953 | |||
| 14 October 1964 | |||
| {{ayd|1953|09|14|1964|10|14}} | |||
| After briefly succeeding Stalin as the de-facto leader of the Soviet Union, {{wp|Georgy Malenkov}} was forced to give up his position in the secretariat to Khrushchev. Khrushchev reestablished the position of General Secretary with the name "First Secretary" less than a year after it had been abolished. Khrushchev was ousted from office in 1964. | |||
|- | |||
| [[File:Staatshoofden, portretten, Bestanddeelnr 925-6564.jpg|90px]] | |||
| '''{{wp|Leonid Brezhnev}}'''<br />{{small|(1906–{{wp|Death and state funeral of Leonid Brezhnev|1982}})}} | |||
| 14 October 1964 | |||
| 8 April 1966 | |||
| {{ayd|1964|10|14|1966|04|08}} | |||
| Brezhnev initially ruled in a {{wp|troika}} consisting of himself as General Secretary, {{wp|Alexei Kosygin}} as [[Premier of the Soviet Union (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Premier]], and {{wp|Nikolai Podgorny}} as [[President of the Soviet Union (TheodoresTomfooleries)|head of state]]. At the {{wp|23rd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union|23rd Party Congress}} in 1966 the position was renamed back to General Secretary | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=6| General Secretary of the [[Central Committee of the CPSU (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Central Committee]] of the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Communist Party of the Soviet Union]]<br />{{small|(1966-)}} | |||
|- | |||
| [[File:Staatshoofden, portretten, Bestanddeelnr 925-6564.jpg|90px]] | |||
| '''{{wp|Leonid Brezhnev}}'''<br />{{small|(1906–{{wp|Death and state funeral of Leonid Brezhnev|1982}})}} | |||
| 8 April 1966 | |||
| 10 November 1982 † | |||
| {{ayd|1966|04|08|1982|11|10}} | |||
| Brezhnev's influence and power was initially checked by the collective leadership that had formed following the ousting of Khrushchev. Following {{wp|Kosygin}}'s fall from grace and {{wp|Podgorny}}'s resignation as head of state, Brezhnev regained hegemonic control over the party. | |||
|- | |||
| |[[File:ANDROPOV1980S.jpg|90px]] | |||
| '''{{wp|Yuri Andropov}}'''<br />{{small|(1914–1984)}} | |||
| 12 November 1982 | |||
| 9 February 1984 † | |||
| {{ayd|1982|11|12|1984|02|09}} | |||
| Andropov emerged as Brezhnev's successor. His tenure set the precedence for the rule of his successor; marked by pragmatic reform and centralized leadership. He died after under two years in office. | |||
|- | |||
|[[File:Grigory Romanov KremlinWall.jpg|90px]] | |||
| '''[[Grigory Romanov (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Grigory Romanov]]'''<br />{{small|(1923–2008)}} | |||
| 13 February 1984 | |||
| 6 July 2003 | |||
| {{ayd|1984|02|13|2003|07|06}} | |||
| Romanov was the second-longest serving leader of the Soviet Union, behind only Stalin. | |||
|- | |||
| [[File:Nikolay Ryzhkov3.jpg|90px]] | |||
| '''[[Nikolai Ryzhkov (TheodoresTomfooleries)|Nikolai Ryzhkov]]'''<br />{{small|(1929–2024)}} | |||
| 9 July 2003 | |||
| 17 September 2010 | |||
| {{ayd|2003|07|09|2010|09|17}} | |||
| Ryzhkov succeeded Romanov following his resignation. A party coup led to his resignation for "health-related reasons". | |||
|- | |||
| [[File:Sabrican_Garayev.png|90px]] | |||
| '''[[Sabrican Garayev]]'''<br />{{small|(born 1951)}} | |||
| 17 September 2010 | |||
| | |||
| {{ayd|2010|09|17}} | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
== Notes == | |||
{{notelist}} | |||
{{Navbox Sov}} | {{Navbox Sov}} |
Latest revision as of 07:00, 1 September 2024
General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union | |
---|---|
Генеральный секретарь ЦК КПСС | |
Central Committee of the CPSU Secretariat of the CPSU | |
Style | Comrade General Secretary (Informal) |
Abbreviation | General Secretary of the CPSU |
Member of | Politburo Secretariat |
Reports to | CPSU |
Residence | Kremlin Senate |
Seat | Kremlin, Moscow |
Appointer | Central Committee |
Precursor | Position created |
Formation | 3 April, 1922 |
First holder | Joseph Stalin |
Unofficial names | Gensek |
The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union[a] is the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), the sole-ruling party of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. It is, in practice, the highest position in the government of the Soviet Union. Since 1924, the general secretary has been recognized as the de-facto leader of the country.
The general secretary heads the Secretariat and sets the agenda of the Central Committee and Politburo. The general secretary, by ex-officio, also heads the Council of Defence as the commander-in-chief of the Soviet Armed Forces. Since Leonid Brezhnev, the general secretary has also concurrently served as the head of state of the Soviet Union as the president.
History
After the October Revolution, the Bolsheviks created the Secretariat to oversee the day-to-day activities of the Communist party. In 1922, the position of general secretary was established to manage and direct the activities of the Secretariat. The original intention was for the general secretary to have a purely administrative and disciplinary role. Vladimir Lenin appointed Joseph Stalin as general secretary with the expectation that he would remain a largely unimportant bureaucrat. In practice however, because of the powers of the office and Stalin's close connections, he was able to transform, after Lenin's death, the office of general secretary into the de-facto party leader, and thus the leader of the Soviet Union. Through his nearly thirty-year long tenure, Stalin turned the office synonymous with not just the party leadership, but the leadership of the country as a whole.
The position was briefly abolished by Stalin on 16 October 1952, but it was resurrected with the title First Secretary by his successor Nikita Khrushchev. After Khrushchev's ousting, the office was renamed back to general secretary once more. Since then, little has changed about the powers of the general secretary.
List of officeholders
Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term | Notes | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Duration | |||
Chairman of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (1918–1919) | |||||
Yakov Sverdlov (1885–1919) |
8 March 1918 | 16 March 1919 † | 1 year, 8 days | Sverdlov was elected chairman of the Secretariat at the 7th Party Congress in 1918. | |
Responsible Secretary of the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (1919–1922) | |||||
Elena Stasova (1873–1966) |
25 March 1919 | 29 November 1919 | 249 days | Stasova was elected responsible secretary of the Central Committee at the 8th Party Congress to replace Sverdlov following his death. | |
Nikolay Krestinsky (1883–1938) |
29 November 1919 | 16 March 1921 | 1 year, 107 days | ||
Vyacheslav Molotov (1890–1986)[1] |
16 March 1921 | 3 April 1922 | 1 year, 18 days | ||
General Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) (1922–1952) | |||||
Joseph Stalin (1878–1953) |
3 April 1922s | 16 October 1952 | 30 years, 196 days | Stalin was elected General Secretary at the 11th Party Congress in 1922. Under Stalin, the office turned from a purely bureaucratical position to the administrative leader of the party and the Soviet Union at large. Stalin was never formally re-elected as General Secretary at the 17th Party Congress in 1934, but retained power in the position until he abolished the position in 1952. Stalin retained ultimate power over both the Soviet government and the Communist party until his death on 5 March, 1953. His tenure of 30 years was the longest in the Soviet Union's history. | |
First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1953–1966) | |||||
Nikita Khrushchev (1894–1971) |
7 September 1953 | 14 October 1964 | 11 years, 30 days | After briefly succeeding Stalin as the de-facto leader of the Soviet Union, Georgy Malenkov was forced to give up his position in the secretariat to Khrushchev. Khrushchev reestablished the position of General Secretary with the name "First Secretary" less than a year after it had been abolished. Khrushchev was ousted from office in 1964. | |
Leonid Brezhnev (1906–1982) |
14 October 1964 | 8 April 1966 | 1 year, 176 days | Brezhnev initially ruled in a troika consisting of himself as General Secretary, Alexei Kosygin as Premier, and Nikolai Podgorny as head of state. At the 23rd Party Congress in 1966 the position was renamed back to General Secretary | |
General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1966-) | |||||
Leonid Brezhnev (1906–1982) |
8 April 1966 | 10 November 1982 † | 16 years, 216 days | Brezhnev's influence and power was initially checked by the collective leadership that had formed following the ousting of Khrushchev. Following Kosygin's fall from grace and Podgorny's resignation as head of state, Brezhnev regained hegemonic control over the party. | |
Yuri Andropov (1914–1984) |
12 November 1982 | 9 February 1984 † | 1 year, 89 days | Andropov emerged as Brezhnev's successor. His tenure set the precedence for the rule of his successor; marked by pragmatic reform and centralized leadership. He died after under two years in office. | |
Grigory Romanov (1923–2008) |
13 February 1984 | 6 July 2003 | 19 years, 143 days | Romanov was the second-longest serving leader of the Soviet Union, behind only Stalin. | |
Nikolai Ryzhkov (1929–2024) |
9 July 2003 | 17 September 2010 | 7 years, 70 days | Ryzhkov succeeded Romanov following his resignation. A party coup led to his resignation for "health-related reasons". | |
Sabrican Garayev (born 1951) |
17 September 2010 | 14 years, 56 days |
Notes
- ↑ Phillips 2001, p. 20.