Premier of Shangea: Difference between revisions
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|insigniasize = 130px | |insigniasize = 130px | ||
|insigniacaption = | |insigniacaption = | ||
|image = Li Keqiang (cropped).jpg | |image = Dmitry Medvedev and Li Keqiang 20191101 (cropped).jpg | ||
|imagesize = 150px | |imagesize = 150px | ||
|incumbent = [[Xi Yao-tong]] | |incumbent = [[Xi Yao-tong]] | ||
|incumbentsince = | |incumbentsince = 19<sup>th</sup> November 2016 | ||
|department = [[Government of Xiaodong]] <br /> [[Premier's Department (Xiaodong)|Premier's Department]] | |department = [[Government of Xiaodong]] <br /> [[Premier's Department (Xiaodong)|Premier's Department]] | ||
|style = {{wp|Excellency|His/Her Excellency}} | |style = {{wp|Excellency|His/Her Excellency}} | ||
|member_of = [[Council | |member_of = [[Executive Council (Xiaodong)|Executive Council]] | ||
|reports_to = [[State Presidium of Xiaodong|State Presidium]] | |reports_to = [[State Presidium of Xiaodong|State Presidium]]<br>[[Legislative Council (Xiaodong)|Legislative Council]] | ||
|residence = [[Hall of Tranquillity]] | |residence = [[Hall of Tranquillity]] | ||
|seat = | |seat = | ||
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In accordance with a vote in the State Presidium | In accordance with a vote in the State Presidium | ||
|appointer_qualified = | |appointer_qualified = | ||
|termlength = While commanding the {{wp|confidence and supply|confidence}} of the | |termlength = While commanding the {{wp|confidence and supply|confidence}} of the Legislative Council<br />With federal elections held no more than five years apart | ||
|constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Xiaodong]] | |constituting_instrument = [[Constitution of Xiaodong]] | ||
|formation = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|1936|09|20}} | |formation = {{start date and years ago|df=yes|1936|09|20}} | ||
|inaugural = [[Lu Keqian]] | |inaugural = [[Lu Keqian]] | ||
|deputy = [[ | |deputy = [[Vice-Premier of Xiaodong]] | ||
|salary = | |salary = $68,695 | ||
|website = | |website = | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Premier of the Auspicious Republic of Xiaodong''' ('' | The '''Premier of the Auspicious Republic of Xiaodong''' (''Xiaodongese'': '''行政会总理晓东吉祥共和国'''; ''Xíngzhèng huì zǒnglǐ Xiǎodōng jíxiáng gònghéguó'') is the {{wp|head of government}} of [[Xiaodong]]. The Premier is appointed by the [[State Chairman of Xiaodong|Chairperson of the State Presidium]] on the basis that they are the person who can most likely command the confidence of the [[Legislative Council (Xiaodong)|Legislative Council]] and is tasked with leading and appointing members of the [[Executive Council (Xiaodong)|Executive Council]]. The constitution gives the Executive Council and by extension the Premier partial executive power in Xiaodong below the State Chairman, meaning they are often perceived as the most powerful person in the Xiaodongese government. Because the Premier must command the confidence of the State Presidium they always come from the largest party or coalition within the State Presidium. | ||
The office of Premier was created in | The office of Premier was created in 1874 being maintained in the [[Heavenly Xiaodongese Empire]], the [[Republic of Xiaodong]] and the current Auspicious Republic. The longest serving Premier was [[Li Zhaozheng]], who held the post for 12 years and 14 days from 1949 to 1961. Over time the ''de facto'' power of the Premier has fluctuated, at times functioning as a {{wp|dictatorship|dictator}} and at others subordinate to the State Chairman. The current Premier is [[Xi Yao-tong]] of the [[Heavenly Gate Society]], appointed by acting State Chairman [[Yuan Xiannian]] on the 19<sup>th</sup> November 2016. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
The post of Premier was created in 1936 following the [[Corrective Revolution (Xiaodong)|Corrective Revolution]], but was the not the first {{Wp|head of government}} in [[Xiaodong]] - Xiaodong has retained a permanent head of government since the 1888 [[Constitutional Revolution (Xiaodong)|Constitutional Revolution]] with the post of Prime Minister (总理; ''Zǒnglǐ'') which had alternated between {{wp|independent (politics)|nonpartisan}} and military officials under the [[Heavenly Xiaodongese Empire]] (with the longest serving Prime Minister being [[Zhao Hongjun]] who served for a total of 13 years, 2 months and 3 days). The [[State of Xiaodong]] retained the post of Prime but saw a quick turnover of Prime Ministers many of whom did not last beyond 3 months. The Prime Minister was always appointed by the Emperor and only had to rely on the confidence of the Emperor to rule - this sometimes led to Prime Ministers to lack a majority in the Imperial Deliberative Assembly. | The post of Premier was created in 1936 following the [[Corrective Revolution (Xiaodong)|Corrective Revolution]], but was the not the first {{Wp|head of government}} in [[Xiaodong]] - Xiaodong has retained a permanent head of government since the 1888 [[Constitutional Revolution (Xiaodong)|Constitutional Revolution]] with the post of Prime Minister (总理; ''Zǒnglǐ'') which had alternated between {{wp|independent (politics)|nonpartisan}} and military officials under the [[Heavenly Xiaodongese Empire]] (with the longest serving Prime Minister being [[Zhao Hongjun]] who served for a total of 13 years, 2 months and 3 days). The [[State of Xiaodong]] retained the post of Prime but saw a quick turnover of Prime Ministers many of whom did not last beyond 3 months. The Prime Minister was always appointed by the Emperor and only had to rely on the confidence of the Emperor to rule - this sometimes led to Prime Ministers to lack a majority in the Imperial Deliberative Assembly. | ||
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Since the appointment of [[Xi Yao-tong]] in 2016 however the position of Premier has weakened. This is partly due to the fact that Xi is not the Chairman of the Regeneration Society (with the post being held by [[Yuan Xiannian]]) and from September 2016-January 2017 was serving in a {{Wp|caretaker government|caretaker}} role due to the inability to form government following the [[Xiaodongese general election, 2016|2016 election]]. The [[Xiaodongese general election, 2017|2017 general election]] also did not see the Regeneration Society get a supermajority in the State Presidium. | Since the appointment of [[Xi Yao-tong]] in 2016 however the position of Premier has weakened. This is partly due to the fact that Xi is not the Chairman of the Regeneration Society (with the post being held by [[Yuan Xiannian]]) and from September 2016-January 2017 was serving in a {{Wp|caretaker government|caretaker}} role due to the inability to form government following the [[Xiaodongese general election, 2016|2016 election]]. The [[Xiaodongese general election, 2017|2017 general election]] also did not see the Regeneration Society get a supermajority in the State Presidium. | ||
==Appointment== | ==Appointment== | ||
The Premier is officially nominated by the [[ | The Premier is officially nominated by the [[State Chairman of Xiaodong]] before being approved by the [[State Presidium of Xiaodong|State Presidium]]. Once the State Presidium approves of them they must secure the approval of the Legislative Council by a majority vote (391 votes) with the Premier being requiered to hold a seat in the Legislative Council. If the State Presidium rejects the choice of the State Chairman, the State Chairman has to nominate another candidate - although the State Presidium can nominate another candidate they cannot be approved without being formally nominated by the State Chairman. | ||
If the | If the Legislative Council and the State Chairman come to a deadlock regarding to the appointment of a Premier, the State Chairman's choice for Premier would take precedence over the Legislative Council. | ||
==Qualifications== | ==Qualifications== | ||
The qualifications for the Premier are laid out in the Constitution of Xiaodong. | The qualifications for the Premier are laid out in the Constitution of Xiaodong. | ||
*Must be a | *Must be a member of the Legislative Council (this in of itself requires Xiaodongese nationality, permanent residence in Xiaodong for over 20 years, be over the age of 26 and to be officially approved by the Examination Secretariat). | ||
*Be of good moral conduct (i.e have no record of a {{Wp|felony}} or not currently under investigation). | *Be of good moral conduct (i.e have no record of a {{Wp|felony}} or not currently under investigation). | ||
*Have not worked against the integrity of the Xiaodongese nation or opposed the ideology of [[National Principlism]] and {{wp|socialism}}. | *Have not worked against the integrity of the Xiaodongese nation or opposed the ideology of [[National Principlism]] and {{wp|socialism}}. | ||
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==List of Premiers== | ==List of Premiers== | ||
{{main|List of heads of government of Xiaodong}} | {{main|List of heads of government of Xiaodong}} | ||
===Living former Premiers=== | |||
As of August 2017 there are three former Premiers - [[Yang Zhengming]], [[Han Guanzheng]] and [[Yuan Xiannian]] - who are still alive. The most recent Premier to die was [[Jiang Xingzhou]], who died in 2016 aged 90. | |||
<gallery class="center"> | <gallery class="center"> | ||
File: | File:Mao Zhukang old.png|[[Mao Zhukang]]<br>served 1994-1998<br>born 1925 (age {{age|1925|06|07}}) | ||
File:Wen Jiabao 02.jpg|[[Han Guanzheng]]<br>served 1998-2005<br>born 1940 ({{age|1940|04|23}} | |||
File:Shinzō Abe in February 2017.jpg|[[Yuan Xiannian]]<br>served 2005-2016<br>born 1952 ({{age|1952|11|21}} | |||
File: | |||
File:Shinzō Abe in February 2017.jpg| | |||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
{{Premiers of Xiaodong}} | {{Premiers of Xiaodong}} | ||
{{XiaodongTopics}} | {{XiaodongTopics}} | ||
[[Category:Xiaodong]][[Category:Politics in Xiaodong]] | [[Category:Xiaodong]][[Category:Politics in Xiaodong]] | ||
Revision as of 04:03, 10 August 2020
| Premier of Xiaodong | |
|---|---|
| 首席部長 | |
 | |
| Government of Xiaodong Premier's Department | |
| Style | His/Her Excellency |
| Member of | Executive Council |
| Reports to | State Presidium Legislative Council |
| Residence | Hall of Tranquillity |
| Appointer | Chairperson of the State Presidium In accordance with a vote in the State Presidium |
| Term length | While commanding the confidence of the Legislative Council With federal elections held no more than five years apart |
| Constituting instrument | Constitution of Xiaodong |
| Inaugural holder | Lu Keqian |
| Formation | 20 September 1936 |
| Deputy | Vice-Premier of Xiaodong |
| Salary | $68,695 |
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The Premier of the Auspicious Republic of Xiaodong (Xiaodongese: 行政会总理晓东吉祥共和国; Xíngzhèng huì zǒnglǐ Xiǎodōng jíxiáng gònghéguó) is the head of government of Xiaodong. The Premier is appointed by the Chairperson of the State Presidium on the basis that they are the person who can most likely command the confidence of the Legislative Council and is tasked with leading and appointing members of the Executive Council. The constitution gives the Executive Council and by extension the Premier partial executive power in Xiaodong below the State Chairman, meaning they are often perceived as the most powerful person in the Xiaodongese government. Because the Premier must command the confidence of the State Presidium they always come from the largest party or coalition within the State Presidium.
The office of Premier was created in 1874 being maintained in the Heavenly Xiaodongese Empire, the Republic of Xiaodong and the current Auspicious Republic. The longest serving Premier was Li Zhaozheng, who held the post for 12 years and 14 days from 1949 to 1961. Over time the de facto power of the Premier has fluctuated, at times functioning as a dictator and at others subordinate to the State Chairman. The current Premier is Xi Yao-tong of the Heavenly Gate Society, appointed by acting State Chairman Yuan Xiannian on the 19th November 2016.
History
The post of Premier was created in 1936 following the Corrective Revolution, but was the not the first head of government in Xiaodong - Xiaodong has retained a permanent head of government since the 1888 Constitutional Revolution with the post of Prime Minister (总理; Zǒnglǐ) which had alternated between nonpartisan and military officials under the Heavenly Xiaodongese Empire (with the longest serving Prime Minister being Zhao Hongjun who served for a total of 13 years, 2 months and 3 days). The State of Xiaodong retained the post of Prime but saw a quick turnover of Prime Ministers many of whom did not last beyond 3 months. The Prime Minister was always appointed by the Emperor and only had to rely on the confidence of the Emperor to rule - this sometimes led to Prime Ministers to lack a majority in the Imperial Deliberative Assembly.
The Corrective Revolution saw the new government under Lu Keqian formally dissolve the post of Prime Minister and the executive cabinet, the General State Affairs Council replacing it via a decree with the post of Premier (首席部長; Shǒuxí Bùzhǎng) to lead the executive Council of Ministers of Xiaodong, with the post being formalised in the 1938 constitution. The inaugural Premier was Lu Keqian who also held the posts of Chairman of the State Presidium, da yuan shuai of the Xiaodongese Defence Force and Chairman of the Xiaodong Regeneration Society - although this allowed Lu to rule as an unchallenged autocrat
it meant the Premier had relatively few institutional powers with Lu personally drawing his power from the military and the party.
The death of Lu saw Ma Renzhong ascend to the position of Premier, albeit he ruled until 1946 in a diarchy with the State Chairman Yu Changshao. Following the 1946 attempted coup by Yu Ma asserted himself as an autocrat, but this was due to Ma drawing power due to strong backing from the Xiaodong Regeneration Society which he was Chairman of. It was not until Sun Yuting in 1974 that the role of Premier was given much stronger institutional role, with Sun creating the Office of the Premier to strengthen the Premiers hand, allowing Sun to rule in a much more heavy handed manner.
Following the Orchid Revolution the Premier was changed to be elected by a majority vote in the State Presidium, which alongside democratic elections dismantled the dictatorial elements of the post, albeit Sun's reforms gave them much greater powers than most heads of government in democracies. The dominant status of the Xiaodong Regeneration Society (which between 1988-2016 retained a supermajority in the State Presidium) meant the Premier was able to continue ruling in a strongman manner.
Since the appointment of Xi Yao-tong in 2016 however the position of Premier has weakened. This is partly due to the fact that Xi is not the Chairman of the Regeneration Society (with the post being held by Yuan Xiannian) and from September 2016-January 2017 was serving in a caretaker role due to the inability to form government following the 2016 election. The 2017 general election also did not see the Regeneration Society get a supermajority in the State Presidium.
Appointment
The Premier is officially nominated by the State Chairman of Xiaodong before being approved by the State Presidium. Once the State Presidium approves of them they must secure the approval of the Legislative Council by a majority vote (391 votes) with the Premier being requiered to hold a seat in the Legislative Council. If the State Presidium rejects the choice of the State Chairman, the State Chairman has to nominate another candidate - although the State Presidium can nominate another candidate they cannot be approved without being formally nominated by the State Chairman.
If the Legislative Council and the State Chairman come to a deadlock regarding to the appointment of a Premier, the State Chairman's choice for Premier would take precedence over the Legislative Council.
Qualifications
The qualifications for the Premier are laid out in the Constitution of Xiaodong.
- Must be a member of the Legislative Council (this in of itself requires Xiaodongese nationality, permanent residence in Xiaodong for over 20 years, be over the age of 26 and to be officially approved by the Examination Secretariat).
- Be of good moral conduct (i.e have no record of a felony or not currently under investigation).
- Have not worked against the integrity of the Xiaodongese nation or opposed the ideology of National Principlism and socialism.
- Since a 1953 constitutional amendment Premiers must not be currently serving in the Xiaodongese Defence Force (albeit former members of the military may become Premier).
Role
Official office and residence
The official residence of the Premier is the Hall of Tranquillity. The Hall of Tranquillity was built in 1922 by the Shanrong Emperor as part of the larger Xiajiyu Palace complex, albeit the Shanrong Emperor only ever visited the palace once. The Hall of Tranquillity building was used as a provisional military headquarters during the Xiaodongese Civil War, and following the Corrective Revolution was designated the official quarters of the Premier. The Hall of Tranquillity's use is limited as a home to the Premier, with the official office of the Premier being the Executive House that is also housed within the Xiajiyu Palace.
List of Premiers
Living former Premiers
As of August 2017 there are three former Premiers - Yang Zhengming, Han Guanzheng and Yuan Xiannian - who are still alive. The most recent Premier to die was Jiang Xingzhou, who died in 2016 aged 90.
Mao Zhukang
served 1994-1998
born 1925 (age 99)
Han Guanzheng
served 1998-2005
born 1940 (84
Yuan Xiannian
served 2005-2016
born 1952 (71
