Sivathra
Commonwealth of Sivathra Śivatrada Kāmanvelt ಶಿವತ್ರದ ಕಾಮನ್ವೆಲ್ತ್ | |
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 Flag
 Coat of arms
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| Motto: "ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಒಳಿತಿಗಾಗಿ ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್" (Kannada) "Sāmān'ya oḷitigāgi yunaiṭeḍ" "United for the Common Good" | |
 Sivathra (dark blue) located within Coius (light blue). | |
 Location of Sivathra | |
| Capital | Mangalore |
| Official languages | Sivathran Estmerish |
| Demonym(s) | Sivathran |
| Government | Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic |
| Sridhar Risheeven | |
| Divya Brahmin | |
| Legislature | Parliament of Sivathra |
| Independence from Estmere | |
• Self-governance | 1 November 1936 |
• Current constitution | 1 January 1990 |
| Population | |
• 2020 estimate | 22,340,847 |
• 2017 census | 20,210,341 |
| GDP (PPP) | 2019 estimate |
• Total | $430,682,366,710 |
• Per capita | $21,310 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2019 estimate |
• Total | $198,869,755,440 |
• Per capita | $9,840 |
| Gini (2019) | 34.1 medium |
| HDI (2019) |  0.801very high |
| Currency | Rupee (₹) (RPS) |
| Driving side | left |
| Calling code | +82 |
| ISO 3166 code | SIA |
| Internet TLD | .sv |
Sivathra (Sivathran: ಶಿವತ್ರ; romanised: Śivatra), officially the Commonwealth of Sivathra (Sivathran: ಶಿವತ್ರದ ಕಾಮನ್ವೆಲ್; romanised: Śivatrada Kāmanvelt), is a sovereign nation located in Satria. It is bordered on the east solely by Subarna, although it shares maritime borders with Baekjeong and Senria on the Bay of Bashurat. Its capital Mangalore is where the majority of the population is concentrated.
The Sivathran territory has been continuously inhabited for centuries, with findings evidencing the first settlements around 4,500 BCE; prior to this time, farming and an initial domestication of cattle is documented together with initial migrations from other Satrian regions, from which religion and initial forms of Sivathran script were developed, slightly coming to their actual form around 1200 BCE. Along with this, early forms of commerce and exchanges with other groups brought the evolve of religious beliefs and the first political unities, which grew along the south coast and saw the introduction of literature, technology and other general knowledge. With the time, inner regions of Sivathra organised themselves around agricultural petty kingdoms while along the coasts, other cities-states grew with commerce as a leading activity. From the contact with other kingdoms and the alliances to protect ports and farmlands, larger political units were formed until the Mandavya Empire took over most of the territory. This period saw an enormous advance in the arts, mathematics and poetry; most regions of the empire developed forms of direct democracy and findings have led to historians to believe that the population lived with prosperity.
The period of the Mandavya Empire concluded when external attacks made use of a lack of defensive protection, slowly damaging the imperial structure, which experienced an enormous debilitation during the early Middle Ages; this last period saw the introduction of Badi and Irfan, and left a legacy of artistic beauty and architecture, which were later took up by the Sivathran Empire, which expanded the use of the name Sivathra for the territory. Periods of relative stability were followed by internal clashes as local elites fought to gain power in more lands. Due to its location, the early commerce of tea and spices and the exchange of knowledge increased the relations with Euclean nations, which pushed the kingdom to sign treaties in unfavourable conditions. With the gradual takeover of territory from merchant companies, the structures of the kingdom fell under the colonial rule of Estmere, which lasted until the period prior to the Great War. During the international conflict, the difficult situation of the Estmerish crown propitiated several forms of anti-colonialist movements that emerged channelling general discontent. The struggle for independence was marked by the Entente backed groups; however, these found themselves with the rise of nationalist ideas, marking a halt in the relations with Ajahadya and a debilitation of their forces, which were defeated by the later called National People’s Party that granted the establishment of Sivathra, which has propitiated extensive relations with COMSED nations and Estmere.
Since independence, Sivathra has been governed mostly by the National People’s Party, with few interruptions of the Sivathrian National Front and the Democratic Action Parties. The first years of the Commonwealth were marked by the NPP governments, an authoritarian rule and the conflicts derived from the Satrian Wars. During the late 1970s crisis, the country saw the first change of party in government with the assumption of the Sivathrian National Front, which managed to sort out the financial difficulties making use of development plans. During the 1980s and 90s, Sivathra saw the rise of the first neoliberal policies. Today, the country is often recognised as a newly industrialised economy, which added to strong development and liberal policies, have resulted in a recent expansion of the quality of life and the international recognition of Sivathra; however, social inequalities and degrees of authoritarism are persistant issues to be faced.
Sivathra is a unitary parliamentary republic and keeps an inherited Northabbey system on the Parliament, although it has severely reformed throughout the history to make it an unicameral legislature. The country keeps an active role on its international relations, with peackeepers deployed in conflictive zones and being an active or observer member of several international organisations, such as the Community of Nations, COMSED, GIFA, ICD and ITO.
History
Early period
Mandavya Empire
Sivathran rule
Estmerish colonisation
Although historians agree in 1720s as a frame date to introduce Euclean contact in Sivathra and the rest of the Satrian region, there are records that show earlier contact between northern Sivathran petty kingdoms and Euclean merchants. With the start of the 18th century, several commercial companies from Euclea had established ports on the coast and, motivated by their particular interests on the commerce of spices and tea, conflicts emerged for the control of further land. In 1728, the territory was visited by Sir Arthur Billinghurst, an Estmerish merchant and member of the Estmerish West Satria Company; Sir Arthur was the first to envision Estmerish dominance in the area and proposed the complete takeover of Mangalore taking advantage of the pre-existing weaknesses of local authorities and the permanent conflicts between Eucleans. However, his idea was going to be reduced to the rule of the Estmerish West Satria Company, contrary to his initial plan of a direct control of the Crown. Sir Arthur was appointed as the first Governor-General of Sivathra and years later by 1730, the colonial company had already owned a large portion of the commerce of tea and spices and was already owner of three factories in different areas.
The lack of modern defensive methods and fragmented structures, pushed native Sivathran powers to retaliation. What was more, the company's hegemony took the Sivathran elites to sign treaties in exchange of limited autonomy. This self-rule was later going to be reduced to a complete colonial control of the territory in practice, accompanied by the gradual disappearance of local authorities. As the colonial rule expanded inside the borders of today's Sivathra, the Estmerish built infrastructure that made possible an early development and industrialisation of the countryside, greatly benefited by the construction of the first railways. However, problems raised as the company's rule distanced itself from Chadwell's control; with the pass of the time, corruption was made more visible and the rule of the company was centred in the welfare of an extremely reduced Euclean elite. The grow of general social discontent and the lack of basic humane conditions in cities, workplaces and tea farms continued until the 1827 Incident of the Port, where a protest for a reduction of taxes was shot down by the company's forces with the use of violence, resulting in multiple deaths and the continuation of protests for reforms sparkling across the country.
Although powerful at first, the protests lacked the enough mobilisation of forces outside Mangalore and Brahmagiri and were largely repressed by the Esmterish troops. The incident raised the Chadwell's attention over its colonial affairs in Sivathra and the [ Queen/King ] ordered the complete transfer of power from the Company to the Estmerish Crown, resulting in the start of the effectively Estmerish control of the territory. During the fist years, the administration of the dominion fell under the responsibility of Lord Milton Hathwaye, who made significant process in the development of education and judicial systems.
Struggle for independence and Great War
Prior to the Great War, the Estmerish colony of Sivathra started carving its own path towards independence with the appearance of prominent figures such as Indira Gaonkar, Suda Nagaraja and Vijay Mahendar among others, whose contributions on the social or political fields initiated public debates about the future of the dominion and questioned established social forms. In 1892, the National People's Party was formed during the celebration of its first national congress in Mangalore, where the party agreed on basic guidelines to achieve self-rule. Balancing between more radical postures, the party centred in the construction of relations with the Estmerish elites and the Crown. It did not take long for the colonial government of Sivathra to appoint the first ethnic Sivathran councillors until an act passed in the Parliament of Estmere approved larger concessions and the share of power, enabling the NPP to grow in power in the structure of the dominion.
However, the position of the NPP soon faced the raise of demands that urged the party to take less passive stances. In 1909, the Bashurat Crisis expanded an early form of discontent against Euclean minorities and attracted "radical" groups inside the NPP to the idea of a "united Satria". These groups were later going to hold more participation in the independence movements of Sivathra, fighting against Estmerish authorities and the NPP, as the world entered in the Great War and Coius saw its geopolitics divided between the Grand Alliance and the Entente. In 1926, the Bhatkal Front was formed in Bhatkal, the group was going to reunite the demand for the withdraw of Sivathra from the Estmerish Kingdom and the dissidence from the NPP; once the war burst, the group would receive funding and aid from Ajahadya and other Entente nations. The division among Sivathrans would escalate to violent conflicts as the NPP would retract to keep a pro-establishment stance during the first years; the movement happened as prominent figures that led the consolidation of the party, started to withdraw their participation.
Around the early 1930s, the presence of guerrilla and Ajahadya backed groups was clearly visible in the Sivathran territory. In 1931, the Batlle of Mangalore culminated with the surrounding of Estmere and the occupation of the territory by Entente forces. The withdraw of Estmerish authorities and forces led the National People's Party to suffer a radical change on its structure, as it happened to start bearing the flag of Sivathran nationalism. The resistance to the occupation was led from the western portion of Sivathra and was subsequently reduced to Cape Canning during the many conflicts until the last years of the Great War and the defeat of the Entente.
Modern history
Geography
Climate
Politics and government
