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{{Infobox university
{{Infobox university
| name              = The University of Aldesey
| name              = The University of Aldesey
| native_name      = ''Universitas Aldesiensis''
| native_name_lang  =
| image            = SealAldesey.png
| image            = SealAldesey.png
| image_size = 100px
| image_size       = 100px
| image_upright    =
| image_alt        =
| caption          = Seal of the University of Aldesey
| caption          = Seal of the University of Aldesey
| latin_name        = Cancellarius Magistri et Scholares Universitatis Aldesiensis
| latin_name        = Universitas Lendartiensis apud Aldesiam
| other_name        = The Chancellour, Masters and Scholars of the University at Aldesey
| type              = Public
| former_name      =
| established      = 1256
| motto            = Omnia pro Domino
| motto_lang        =
| mottoeng          = All for the Lord
| top_free_label    =
| top_free          =
| type              = Corporation by prescription
| established      = c. 8th century as a monastic school<br>c. 1256 as a university
| founder          =
| parent            =
| affiliation      =
| religious_affiliation = [[Church of Nortend]]
| religious_affiliation = [[Church of Nortend]]
| academic_affiliation  =
| endowment        = [[Pound marten|£]]100 million
| endowment        = ~ [[Pound marten|£]]101,200,000
| chancellor        = Lord Bishop of Chepingstow
| budget            =
| vice_chancellor  = Martin de Hazels
| officer_in_charge =
| students          = 9,000
| chairman          =
| city              = [[Lendert-with-Cadell]]
| chairperson      =
| chancellor        = Cardinal Dr. William Laseby,<br>Lord Bishop of Chepingstow
| president        =
| vice-president    =
| superintendent    =
| vice_chancellor  = Rt. Rev'd. Dr. Martin Hazel,<br>Vicar-General of Chepingstow
| provost          =
| rector            = Rt. W'shipful Dr Thomas Matthew
| principal        =
| dean              =
| director          =
| head_label        =
| head              =
| academic_staff    =
| administrative_staff =
| students          = ~ 9,000
| undergrad        =  
| postgrad          =
| doctoral          =
| other            =
| address          = <!-- Please discuss before using -->
| city              =
| state            =
| province          =
| country          = [[Great Nortend]]
| country          = [[Great Nortend]]
| postcode          =
| free_label2      = Colours
| coordinates      =
| free2            = {{color box|#6ec8da}} {{color box|#ffffff}}
| campus            =
| free_label        = Languages
| language          = English, Latin, Greek
| free              = English, Latin, Greek
| free_label        =
| free              =
| free_label2      =  
| free2            =  
| colors            = Light blue {{color box|#6ec8da}} and white {{color box|#ffffff}}
| athletics        =  
| sports            = Boating and fencing
| athletics_nickname = <!--or, sports_nickname= -->
| sporting_affiliations =
| mascot            = <!--or, mascots= -->
| sports_free_label =
| sports_free      =
| sports_free_label2 =
| sports_free2      =
| website          = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
| logo              =
| logo_size        =
| logo_alt          =
| footnotes        =
}}
}}
The '''University of Aldesey''', formally the '''Chancellour, Masters and Scholars of the University at Aldesey''', is the sole university of [[Great Nortend]], located just north of the ancient city of [[Lendert-with-Cadell|Lendert]]. The university was founded as a monastic school in the 8th or 9th centuries, and developed into a collegiate university during the 12th and 13th centuries with strong links to the local [[Nortish religious houses|religious houses]] which has holpen to maintain its sense of independence and seclusion from the City. The University was originally built upon two large natural islands in the Lither, the Upper and Lower Eyotes, which have over the centuries has been nearly fully covered by the buildings of the University, which has also expanded onto the outer banks of the Lither.


The University has a curriculum founded upon the liberal arts and classics since the Middle Ages, and all undergraduates must be fluent in Latin and to a lesser degree, Greek. Since the reforms of the 19th century, however, the University has broadened its academic focus. It now has well-developed scientific and humanities departments, in addition to the traditional law, medicine and theological faculties. In 1924, in a plan to improve the standard of female schoolmistresses, the University admitted its first lady students, the first woman receiving the title of Lady of Arts in 1927. In 2018, there were around 9,000 students studying at the University of Aldesey, divided between twenty-one houses with around 430 students each.
The '''University of Aldesey''', formally the '''Chancellour, Masters and Scholars of the University of Lendert at Aldesey''' (Latin: ''Universitas Aldesiensis'' or ''Chancellarius, Magistri et Scholares Universitatis Lendartiensis apud Aldesiam'') is an ancient collegiate university in [[Great Nortend]] located in [[Lendert-with-Cadell]]. To-day, the University consists of four faculties, eight schools and twenty four houses with a broad academic focus on the liberal arts. In 2018, there were around 9,000 students studying at the University. Graduates of the University occupy an exclusive and prestigious place in Erbonian society, forming the majority of lawyers, physicians, clergymen, academics, politicians, nobility, research scientists, military officers, senior civil servants and schoolteachers.


==Governance==
==History==
[[File:Cmglee_Cambridge_St_Johns_Kitchen_Bridge.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Punts on the Lither at Dumcourt Bridge. ]]The University as a body is divided into three nations, to which each student belongs, which determines (to an extent) which colleges or halls, collectively known as houses, are open to him. The twenty-one constituent houses are independent and responsible for the lodging, education and nourishment of its students. Students are admitted to a house associated with the nation of their hometown through the process of Matriculation, when they formally become members of the University. Henceforth, they are bound by the University's statutes and regulations. The University's statutes, regulations and ordinances are enforced by the University's proctors, constables and beadles, who have the power to fine and confine, and in extreme cases, to rusticate or ban (expel).
The University developed out of the monastic school of [[St_Peter's_Cathedral,_Lendert|Lendert Abbey]] in the 10th and 11th centuries. In 1256, Edmund IV granted a charter to establish a university in Lendert to the Lord Bishop of Chepingstow, who held ordinary jurisdiction over the city until the creation of the see of Lendert. Instead of its original location in the close of the Abbey, the new University of Lendert settled on Aldesey, which was then a small village upon two islands in the Wessert to the west of the main city. Non-monastic scholars were prevented from living with the scholars of St. Peter (which formed the modern Coggeshall), and instead attached themselves to the parish church of St. Mary the Virgin, whose rector obtained a charter in 1264 to found Ladyhall.  


The formal corporate body of the University is known as the Great Congregation, comprised of all masters of the University, who are those students with a Master of Arts or were otherwise a Doctor of Science, Letters, Music, Physic, Laws or Divinity. It has a role in passing University's statutes and regulations, subject to the Chancellour, as well as having control over academic matters such as examinations, rustication, matriculation, the curriculum and lectures, as well as granting graces, dispensations and degrees.
===Sampser Reforms===
In the 19th century, it was increasingly recognised that the University was failing to advance learning and science, especially in the arts. In particular, the lack of further formal courses of study in the arts resulted in the University's declining importance in the burgeoning fields of natural philosophy and history. Lord Sampser was appointed in 1878 by Parliament to undertake a wholesale reform of the University, leading to the publication of the Sampser Report which recommended the establishment of the degrees of Bachelor and Doctor of Science and of Letters within the Faculty of Arts which occured in 1883 with the passage of the ''University Act''. Furthermore, the practice of termly written examinations was formalised, among other sundry reforms.


The Congregation, with its large size, normally meets every three years, and delegates its powers to the smaller Lesser Congregation, or Convocation of Regent Masters, who have power over academic matters though it cannot pass statutes. Statutes are deliberated upon by the Convocation, and if agreed to, referred back to the entire Congregation, which can accept it or reject it at the triennial meetings or by postal ballot.
===Lady students===
Women had been permitted to attend lectures on an informal basis since the late 19th century, with earlier precedents including the mediaeval education of nuns and abbesses. However, being unable to take examinations or degrees, this arrangement was widely seen as insufficient for a formal education system. In 1923, in a plan to improve the standard of female education and schoolmistresses, the Crown enacted the ''Ladies’ University Halls Act'' which allowed for the establishment of houses of residence for lady students at the University. The next year, St. Elisabeth’s Hall was founded with a Governess and twenty ladies. Despite the admission of women, it was still thought that degrees and membership of the University ought to remain exclusively for men, and therefore the first woman to complete the Arts course received the title of Lady of Arts in 1927. The first Mistress of Arts was created in 1932.


==Students==
==Organisation==
It is necessary to matriculate at an academic college or hall to be a student. The [[Education in Great Nortend#Exhibition Examinations|''Exhibitiones'']] are examinations taken at the end of the [[Education in Great Nortend#Senior|Sixth Form]] to prove scholastic competence and potential entitlement to an exhibition. This is also the examination which forms the principal basis for admission to matriculation. As only independent schools offer the ''Exhibitiones'', state school pupils are unable to enter university by this route. However, as it is not a prerequisite to matriculation, colleges and halls may admit students at their discretion. For example, many matriculate international students, although not all, on the basis of a separate Matriculation Examination. This examination may also be taken by state school pupils, and older candidates, in theory, but it is quite rare.
[[File:JesusCollegeChapelCourt.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The new Physic School and Teaching Hospital at the University.]]
The governing body of the University is the Great Congregation, comprising all Masters of Arts and Doctors of Science, Letters, Music, Physic, Laws or Divinity. The Congregation votes on the University's statutes and exercises control over academic matters such as examinations, rustication, matriculation, curricula and teaching, as well as graces, dispensations and degrees. Congregation normally meets only every three years and delegates its powers to the smaller Lesser Congregation, or Convocation of Regent Masters, which has power over academic matters. Statutes are deliberated upon by Convocation, and if agreed to, referred back to Congregation.


Undergraduates are graded into seven ranks — noblemen, gentlemen, exhibitioners, commoners, battelers and servitors. Most colleges and halls have abolished servitors; however some still retain the rank. Different ranks of undergraduates are entitled to different styles of gowns and headdress which mark their status. Students are required to wear the gown of their status whenever they are in public, unless otherwise dispensed with or engaging in exempted activities (such as physical exercise). Undergraduates and their different ranks are subordinate to Bachelors and Masters of Arts, who theoretically rank as equals to bachelors and doctors of higher faculties.
The University also consists of the four faculties, being those of Arts, Laws, Physic and Divinity. Within the Faculty of Arts are the sub-faculties of Letters and Science, the former consisting of the schools of Languages, Music, Philosophy and History, and the latter the schools of Mathematics, Astronomy, Natural Philosophy (Physics and Chemistry) and Natural History (Biology and Geology). Unusually, the Faculty of Laws includes the schools of Economics and Politics, as well as the schools of Civil Law and Canon Law. The faculties are responsible for the lecturing, research and examination of students.


Women are only admitted to Saint Elisabeth Hall, which was established in 1915 as the only provision for ladies when the ''Ladies’ University Halls Act'' was passed in 1923. Not being formally an academic house, its female students study for the titles of Lady of Arts and Mistress of Arts &c. Lady students are admitted to the University, rather than matriculate; however, they enjoy much the same status otherwise as male students.
Parallel to the faculties are the twenty four houses of scholars — each either a college or a hall — which are independent of the University and responsible for the lodging, tutelage and nourishment of their students. The houses are separated into three nations, although these are of little importance. Students are admitted to a house through the process of matriculation and thereby become members of the University ''in statu pupillari''. Henceforth, they are bound by the University's statutes which are enforced by the University's proctors, constables and beadles, who have the power to fine and confine, and in extreme cases, to rusticate or ban (expel).


==Faculties==
===Location===
The University of Aldesey has four faculties in the mediaeval university tradition, being the Faculties of Arts, Physic, Laws and Divinity. Other than monks and friars, students enter the university in the Faculty of Arts, and read for their Bachelor of Arts, which allows them to pursue further degrees.
The University is located to the west of [[Lendert-with-Cadell]], one mile from St. Michael’sgate. The main University sites form a generally cohesive district centred on the two Upper and Lower Eyotes on the Wessert. The Church of St. Peter is the main church on Upper Eyote and serves as the site of most smaller University ceremonies. Peterhall, Ladyhall, Canonshall, Gosthall and Middlehall have their main house on the Eyotes, as well as the Old Arts School, the Old Laws School and the Divinity School. The rest of the Eyotes are made up of sundry housing and shops and the church The rest of the halls, colleges and University buildings are located on the outer banks of the Wessert. Along the Lither, where rowing is practised, is a large swathe of open pasture, meadow and parkland owned by the various academic and religious houses. The precincts of the University, within which University statutes, proctors and constables have jurisdiction, are the parishes of St. Mary the Virgin, St. Peter ''ad Vinculam'', All Hallows and All Souls, Holy Ghost and St. Andrew.


===Faculty of Arts===
==Academic profile==
[[File:GNMaster.jpg|thumb|200px|The academic dress of a Master of Arts.]]
===Admission===
An degree in the Arts is the only initial, or undergraduate, degree offered by the University of Aldesey.<ref>It is still possible to take a Bachelor of Physic, Laws or Divinity without having any other degree; however, this is not common.</ref> The curriculum for the Arts involves attendance at lectures, supplemented with repetitions (tutorials), disputations (debates) and declamations (essays, traditionally read out). Lectures for undergraduates are given by regent masters and involve exposition and instruction of the subject matter, as well as questions and discussion. Examination at Aldesey is typically by a substantive written paper or by ''viva voce'' examination.  
Prospective students apply to matriculate by application to the houses of scholars, generally on the basis of good results in the [[Education in Great Nortend#Exhibition Examinations|Exhibition Examinations]]. These are public examinations taken at the end of the [[Education in Great Nortend#Senior|Sixth Form]] to prove scholastic competence and potential entitlement to a Crown Exhibition. However, as passing the ''Exhibitiones'' is not a prerequisite to admission, houses may admit students at their discretion. Several houses restrict admission either partially or fully to students from particular schools. Furthermore, many matriculate international students, although not all, on the basis of a separate Matriculation Examination. This examination may also be taken by state school pupils, and older candidates, in theory, but it is quite rare.


After Matriculation, a student is known as a Freshman. The Freshman over two years hears eight compulsory lectures on „Science” and „Letters”, the former covering Logic and Mathematics and the latter Classical Literature and History. At the end of his second year, the Freshman „responds” by undertaking the Responsions (also known as the „Littles”). After responding, the student (then known as a Sophister) hears at least eight lectures of his own choice given across science and letters.<ref>Science lectures cover further Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geography, Astronomy, Music, Metaphysics, Ethics, Politics, Jurisprudence and Theology. Letters lectures cover further Classical and modern literature and history.</ref> At the end of his fourth year, the student (then known as a Questioner) „determines” by undertaking the (also known as the „Greats”) entitling him to sue for his Bachelor of Arts degree.
===Arts degrees===
[[File:Christ's College Chapel, Cambridge, UK - Diliff.jpg|thumb|250px|right|View inside St. Michael’s Chapel, at Middlehall.]]
An degree in the Arts is the only initial, or undergraduate, degree offered by the University of Aldesey. The curriculum for the Arts involves attendance at lectures, supplemented with repetitions (tutorials) and disputations. A disputation was originally a kind of formal debate. It is nowadays always delivered in written form, either short or long. A short disputation is akin to an ordinary academic essay, while a long disputation is similar to an academic thesis. For such, students are also required to write an abstract or summary in Latin. Lectures for undergraduates are given by regent masters and involve exposition and instruction of the subject matter, as well as questions and discussion. Examination at the University is typically by a written paper and ''viva voce'' examination, often in Latin. Collations are college examinations taken during lecture course. They do not contribute to one’s final degree.


The Bachelor may then continue in residence for a further four years to undertake a higher degree, meanwhile attending disputations, and giving repetitions to the undergraduates. At the end of this term, the Bachelor undertakes his ''Quodlibetica'', after which he is entitled to incept as Master of Arts. On a certain day, the Inceptor is required to attend a formal disputation called ''Vesperies''. The next day he attends ''Comitia'' where he is presented to the Chancellour of the University, the Lord High Chancellour, who gives the Inceptor the master’s hood. To be admitted to the Great Congregation, the new Master of Arts must take the Oath, and then give a first lecture known as his ''Principium'', dispute for a month and lecture as a regent master for one year after inception. However, these acts, other than the Oath, are commonly dispensed with by grace.  
After Matriculation, a student is known as a Freshman in his first year and a Sophister in his second. Over two years, the student hears eight compulsory lectures on „Science” and „Letters”, the former covering Logic and Mathematics and the latter Classical Literature and History. At the end of his first and second years, he „responds” by undertaking his First and Second Responsions (also known as the „Littles”). In his third and fourth years, the student (then known as a Junior or Senior Questionist) hears eight lectures offered in any of the various schools of the University leading to one of the several fixed „Moderations”. At the end of his third and fourth years, the student takes his First and Second Moderations (also known as the „Greats”). He may then seek to „determine” and be admitted to his Bachelor of Arts degree. Although students must pass Responsions, degrees are classed solely based on results in the Moderations — bene, melius or optime — having moderated well, better or best. The best student in the year of each Moderation is titled the Junior or Senior Optimas.


====Lady of Arts====
Bachelors wishing to incept later as Master of Arts must keep a further four years. This simply involves paying the requisite fees, except that the Bachelor is required to reside for his final Easter term. At the end of Easter term, the Bachelor gives a formal disputation known as his ''Quodlibetica'', after which he is licensed to incept as Master of Arts at Commencement during Whitsun term. Alternatively, the Bachelor may wish to read for a higher degree.
The title of Lady of Arts are given to lady students who complete a four year course in the Arts, as for a Bachelor of Arts. The principal difference is that there is a greater focus on „softer” academic topics, such as text analysis, music and visual arts, Biblical history and ethics, and less emphasis on formal logic, natural philosophy, modern history and politics. Nonetheless, lady students still receive a solid grounding in the humanities of all kinds, including Latin and some Greek.


===Higher Degrees===
===Higher degrees===
The higher faculties are those of Laws, Physic and Divinity, in which the University admits students to bachelor's degrees and doctorates. By ancient statute all students in higher faculties must have incepted as Master of Arts first before graduating with their higher degree. A Master of Arts to incept may choose to matriculate in one of the higher faculties. Study for the bachelor's degree involves ''Collationes'', ''Generales'' and ''Particulares'' examinations.
The higher faculties are those of Laws, Physic and Divinity, in which the University admits students to bachelor's degrees and doctorates. Furthermore, higher study in the Faculty of Arts is possible in either Science or Letters. By ancient statute all students in higher faculties must have incepted as Master of Arts first before graduating with their higher degree. Study for a taught higher bachelor's degree involves attending lectures and taking the ''Generales'' and ''Particulares'' examinations at the end of the second and fourth years respectively, while a degree by research involves a ''Quodlibetica'' thesis and dissertation.


After attaining bachelorhood, the bachelor may seek to obtain a doctorate after up to another period of study or research, usually to produce a major work or thesis. He then takes his ''Sollempnes'' examinations with a thesis and public ''viva voce'' disputation. Thereafter, the doctors vote ''de scientia et moribus'' to present him to the Chancellour to receive his ''licentia docendi'' in order to allow him to incept as a doctor after several years following his ''Vesperies'' and ''Magisterium'' disputations.<ref>Regent doctors must also make a ''Resumptiva'' disputation after incepting.</ref>
After attaining bachelorhood, the bachelor may seek to obtain a doctorate after up to another period of study or research. Like for a Master of Arts' ''Quodlibetica'', the Bachelor produces a formal thesis and dissertation known as the ''Sollempnes''. Thereafter he may incept as a Doctor which involves the solemnities of the ''Vesperies'' ceremony followed by the ''Principium'' lecture with ''Resumptio''.


====Arts====
==Student life==
Further study in the Faculty of Arts is also possible in the various branches thereof, split between „science” and „letters” (humanities). This proceeds as a four-year course culminating in a Bachelor of Science or Bachelor of Letters, followed by up to four years study to become a Doctor of Science or Doctor of Letters. Doctorates are also given in music, but these are only awarded ''honoris causa'' for composition. Students generally choose a similar field as they studied for in the Master of Arts degree, although study is narrower and may include more by research than instruction.
===Houses===
[[File:Cmglee_Cambridge_St_Johns_Kitchen_Bridge.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Punts on the Lither at Coggeshall Bridge. ]]
Outside of lectures, students generally spend the majority of their time in their houses, of which the University has twenty four. House traditions form the distinct university culture at the University as each student is a member of a college or hall and is required to live „in college” or „in hall” during the academical terms of residence. Furthermore, students attend weekly repetitions and disputations in their houses, in addition to eating communally in hall. Attending daily prayers in each house’s chapel is a requirement under Statute, and a requirement in order to „keep term” in residence for the purpose of qualifying for degrees.


==Houses==
Each house has its own college or hall colours, songs, celebrations and sporting teams. The main sports are {{wp|academic fencing}} and boating (rowing), although school games such as [[stinning]], fives and cricket continue to be popular recreations. Punting is also a popular pastime on the Lither. Each college and hall also has its own Officer Cadet company, for students completing [[Muster Service (Great Nortend)|muster service]].  
[[File:Mühlberg_-_Zum_ersten_Mal_in_Wichs.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A student in college fencing colours.]]
The University has twenty-one colleges or halls, which are permanent independent corporate bodies. House traditions form the distinct university culture at the University of Aldersey. Each student and master is a member of a college or hall, and lives „in college” or „in hall” during his entire time at university. Furthermore, he attends repetitions, disputations and declamations in college or hall, only going elsewhere for lectures. With only around 120 students each, the college or hall becomes the student's „university family”.


Each college or hall has its own college or hall colours, songs, celebrations and sporting teams. The main sports are {{wp|academic fencing}} and boating (rowing), although the school games including [[stinning]] and cricket continue to be popular recreations. Daily activities of collegemen or students including compulsory attendance at chapel at one of [[Nortish Rite#Mattins|Mattins]] and [[Nortish Rite#Vespers|Vespers]].<ref>On holy-days surplices are worn.</ref> After Mattins and breakfast in college, students attend lectures in the morning. Then after luncheon, they may have repetitions, disputations and declamations in college. After Vespers students are forbidden to leave college. On Saturdays there are no academic activities, whilst on Sundays, students, depending on the college or hall, are expected to attend High Mass in chapel as well. Each college and hall also has its own Officer Cadet company, for students completing their [[Muster Service (Great Nortend)|muster service]].
{| class="wikitable collapsible"
! House name !! Date of founding !! Affiliation !! Founded by
|-
| Coggeshall || 1256 || Benedictines || Edward de Groive
|-
| Ladyhall || 1264 ||  || Bernard de Aldesey
|-
| Canonshall || 1273 || Dominicans || Henry de Ledden
|-
| Gosthall || 1280 || Dominicans || Hartmold III
|-
| Middlehall || 1371 ||  ||
|-
| Old College || 1390 ||  || Prior of Chepingstow Minor
|-
| Jesus Hall || 1422 || Cistercians || Abbot of Sulthey
|-
| Maudlyn Hall || 1422 || Franciscans ||
|-
| Rhighton College || 1432 || Benedictines || Walther, Lord Abbot of Rhighton
|-
| Allhallowhall || 1405 || Allord College || Charles I
|-
| West College || 1493 || Benedictines ||
|-
| Godchrist College || 1500 || Cistercians ||
|-
| Andershall || 1511 ||  ||  
|-
| Trinity College || 1533 ||  || Elisabeth, Duchess of Caune
|-
| Mancourt College || 1533 ||  || Elisabeth, Duchess of Caune
|-
| Clairiddel College || 1573 ||  || Sir William de Clare
|-
| Lucy Hall || 1487 || Siel School || John, Count of Siel
|-
| Wistfin College || 1610 || Limmes School || Henry de Wistfin, Lord Bishop of Scode
|-
| Flemey College || 1623 || Rhise School || Nicholas, Duke of Flemey
|-
| Echester College || 1629 || Echester School || Richard de Cardey, Lord Bishop of Echester
|-
| King's College || 1661 ||  || George I
|-
| Polchard College || 1671 || Chepingstow School || John de Polchard, Lord Mayor of Chepingstow
|-
| New College || 1793 ||  || Edmund VI in memory of William III
|-
| Prince's College || 1825 ||  || Prince Henry of Anthord
|}


Students usually wear their colours in college or hall. The colours, which form a uniform of sorts, include at its minimum the student cap and gown. There are special tunics and breeches for fencing and blazers and shorts for rowing. At lectures, in hall and at chapel, academic dress must be worn instead, which requires academical bands, the academical square cap and the academical gown. At formal university ceremonies such as examinations and graduation, this is worn with „''subfuscus''” dress, meaning a black tailcoat and white waistcoat.
===Academical dress===
 
[[File:GNMaster.jpg|thumb|200px|The academic dress of a Master of Arts.]]
Saint Elisabeth Hall for women functions effectively as a college or hall. Naturally there are different recreations, and lady students do not fence or row, or participate in armed service. They still are bound to attend chapel multiple times daily. It has no colours; however, a sort of academic dress consisting of a robe and hat is worn.
Students in residence and within the precincts of the University are required to wear academical dress whenever in public, as well as at lectures, in hall and at chapel. For most students, this means wearing the academical square cap and the academical gown. Academical dress is not required when on college or hall premises. At formal university ceremonies such as examinations, ceremonies and graduation, academical dress is worn with ''subfuscus'' dress, meaning a black tailcoat, white waistcoat and academical bands. Hoods are worn on certain occasions, being in chapel and at some ceremonies.
 
===List===
The twenty-one colleges and halls are listed below by nation. The formal difference between a college and a hall is that a college is a corporation governed by the master and fellows, whereas a hall is a corporation sole governed by a rector. All halls in existence were established prior to 1411. Since then Canonshall was refounded as Staithey College in 1540 (latterly Canons College) and Martinhall as Old College in 1593. Elisabeth Hall is not part of any nation.
 
====Chepingstow (''Locumforiensis'')====
Students from Middle Erbonia and [[Lorecia]].
 
* 1256, Peterhall
* 1264, Ladyhall<ref>Attached to the Church of St. Mary the Virgin.</ref>
* 1540 (1264 original), Canonshall College<ref>Originally associated with the Black Canons in Aldesey, but refounded in 1540 after an endowment by the Priory of Staithway as Staithway College. After the Priory's dissolution in 1669 it became known as Canons College, before reverting back to Staithway when the Priory was refounded in 1715 for a while before for some unknown reason in the 19th century it returned to the old name of Canonshall despite being a college.  It is principal house for Dominicans.</ref>
* 1643 (1320 original), Old College<ref>Attached to the Priory of St. Martin, Chepingstow. In 1542 established Martinhall School in Polton. Refounded as Martin's College in 1543 (commonly known as New College) and became known as Old College in 1693 upon the foundation of New College. Old College is only open to men from Martinhall School, and Cistercians.</ref>
* 1371, Middlehall<ref>Takes in mainly men from Chepingstow School. Originally known as Michaelhall and changed to Middlehall by corruption.</ref>
* 1400, Godchrist College<ref>Merger of the older Godchrist Hall and Sulthey College. Principal Benedictine college for Locumforiensis.</ref>
* 1433, Holy Trinity College<ref>Takes in mainly men from Fawnslaughter School, founded by a bequest from the Duchess of Caune.</ref>
* 1576, Polchard's College<ref>Founded as Saint James House c. 1378 and incorporated by charter by a bequest from John Polchard, Lord Mayor of Chepingstow.</ref>
* 1793, New College<ref>Founded by [[Monarchy of Great Nortend#House of Anthord ante–Oln|Edmund VI]] executing a bequest of William III. Dedicated to Christ and St. Crispin</ref>


====Ostrey (''Australis'')====
===Ceremonies===
Students from Lesser Erbonia and [[Teudallum]].
The major university ceremonies are that of Matriculation, Determination and Commencement. Matriculation occurs within each house, and involves a symbolic tonsure and signing one’s name „on the books”. The ceremony confers membership of the house and a minor clerical state. ''Inter alia'', each matriculand is required to swear an oath and subscribe to the confession of the [[Church of Nortend]] before proceeding to matriculate. Students who refuse to take the oath cannot matriculate, although in special cases, such as foreign students, they can still be „admitted to study”, similar to lady students. Such admitted students cannot graduate ordinarily, but by letters patent from the Crown, as with lady students.


* c. 1270, Gosthall<ref>Hall of the Blackfriars, dedicated to the Holy Ghost.</ref>
Determination refers to the historical practice of completing the formal disputation required for the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Nowadays, in the Lent term after passing his final Second Moderations, Congregations are held whereat after supplicating, a graduand is presented to the Vice-Chancellour. After taking an Oath, the graduand kneels and gives his clasped hands to the Vice-Chancellour, who says :—
* 1343, Allhallowhall<ref>Attached to the small Church of All Hallows and All Souls.</ref>
<blockquote>Ego admitto te ad gradum Baccalaurei in Artibus; in nomine Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti. Amen.</blockquote>
* 1393, West College<ref>Named for its location on (what were) the western banks of the River Lither, founded by the Benedictine [[St_Peter's_Cathedral,_Lendert|St. Peter's Priory]].</ref>
At Congregations, names of those to become Master of Arts or doctors are read out in order to receive licence to incept in absentia. Commencement then is an annual ceremony at which all Masters of Arts and higher doctors actually incept and obtain their degrees. It is a festive occasion held in Whitsun term at [[St Peter's Cathedral, Lendert|Lendert Priory]] in the presence of the Lord Chancellour as Lord Bishop of Chepingstow, the ''ex officio'' Chancellour of the University. It begins with Vespers on the Saturday evening beforehand, whereat a Sermon is preached. On Monday, after Mattins and several ceremonies, the Chancellour says to the kneeling inceptor :—
* 1510, Wistfin College<ref>Takes in mainly men from Limmes School, founded by Henry de Wistfin, Lord Bishop of Scode.</ref>
<blockquote>Ego admitto te ad gradum Magistris in Artibus; in nomine Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti. Amen.</blockquote>
* 1529, Echester College<ref>Founded by the Lord Bishop of Echester.</ref>
The inceptor is then given a Bible and is briefly capped. Subsequently, he is required to give his ''Principium'' during the next Michaelmas term. However, for non-regent masters, this is dispensed with by grace.
* 1561, Cholstave College<ref>Founded by George I for men of [[Allord College]] after they complained of the conditions at Allhallowhall and West College.</ref>


====Hoebride (''Hambriensis'')====
==Alumni==
Students of Hambria and elsewhere.
The alumni of the University include a significant number of major Nortish politicians, judges, senior officials, bankers, gentlemen, noblemen and other men of note. Particular alumni include :— (year of matriculation given in brackets)


* 1288, Rhighton College<ref>College for Benedictines founded by the Abbot of Rhighton</ref>
* [[Alexander II of Great Nortend|King Alexander II]] (Allhallowhall, 2001)<ref>Did not take a degree.</ref>
* 1411, Coggeshall<ref>Attached to the Church of St. Peter, and named for the Cockerel as a symbol of St. Peter (Cocks Hall).</ref>
* Miles Spenser-White, noted [[stinning]] player (Prince’s, 1999)
* 1433, Mancourt College<ref>Founded alongside Tilley College and Wistfin College.</ref>
* [[George Drachington]], Foreign Clerk (Wistfin, 1980)
* 1473, Clairiddel College
* [[Sebastian Williams]], Lord Bishop of Sulthey (Allhallowhall, 1964)
* 1487, Lucy College<ref>Takes in men mainly from Siel College.</ref>
* [[Henry de Foide]], Lord High Treasurer (Polchard, 1917)
* 1523, Flemey College<ref>Founded by the Duke of Flemey. Only admits men from Rhise or Rhise School.</ref>
* [[Frederic de Clercy]], Lord High Treasurer (Wistfin, 1879)


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 20:50, 10 December 2023

The University of Aldesey
SealAldesey.png
Seal of the University of Aldesey
Latin: Universitas Lendartiensis apud Aldesiam
TypePublic
Established1256
Religious affiliation
Church of Nortend
Endowment£100 million
ChancellorLord Bishop of Chepingstow
Vice-ChancellorMartin de Hazels
Students9,000
Location
Lendert-with-Cadell
,
Great Nortend
LanguagesEnglish, Latin, Greek
Colours   

The University of Aldesey, formally the Chancellour, Masters and Scholars of the University of Lendert at Aldesey (Latin: Universitas Aldesiensis or Chancellarius, Magistri et Scholares Universitatis Lendartiensis apud Aldesiam) is an ancient collegiate university in Great Nortend located in Lendert-with-Cadell. To-day, the University consists of four faculties, eight schools and twenty four houses with a broad academic focus on the liberal arts. In 2018, there were around 9,000 students studying at the University. Graduates of the University occupy an exclusive and prestigious place in Erbonian society, forming the majority of lawyers, physicians, clergymen, academics, politicians, nobility, research scientists, military officers, senior civil servants and schoolteachers.

History

The University developed out of the monastic school of Lendert Abbey in the 10th and 11th centuries. In 1256, Edmund IV granted a charter to establish a university in Lendert to the Lord Bishop of Chepingstow, who held ordinary jurisdiction over the city until the creation of the see of Lendert. Instead of its original location in the close of the Abbey, the new University of Lendert settled on Aldesey, which was then a small village upon two islands in the Wessert to the west of the main city. Non-monastic scholars were prevented from living with the scholars of St. Peter (which formed the modern Coggeshall), and instead attached themselves to the parish church of St. Mary the Virgin, whose rector obtained a charter in 1264 to found Ladyhall.

Sampser Reforms

In the 19th century, it was increasingly recognised that the University was failing to advance learning and science, especially in the arts. In particular, the lack of further formal courses of study in the arts resulted in the University's declining importance in the burgeoning fields of natural philosophy and history. Lord Sampser was appointed in 1878 by Parliament to undertake a wholesale reform of the University, leading to the publication of the Sampser Report which recommended the establishment of the degrees of Bachelor and Doctor of Science and of Letters within the Faculty of Arts which occured in 1883 with the passage of the University Act. Furthermore, the practice of termly written examinations was formalised, among other sundry reforms.

Lady students

Women had been permitted to attend lectures on an informal basis since the late 19th century, with earlier precedents including the mediaeval education of nuns and abbesses. However, being unable to take examinations or degrees, this arrangement was widely seen as insufficient for a formal education system. In 1923, in a plan to improve the standard of female education and schoolmistresses, the Crown enacted the Ladies’ University Halls Act which allowed for the establishment of houses of residence for lady students at the University. The next year, St. Elisabeth’s Hall was founded with a Governess and twenty ladies. Despite the admission of women, it was still thought that degrees and membership of the University ought to remain exclusively for men, and therefore the first woman to complete the Arts course received the title of Lady of Arts in 1927. The first Mistress of Arts was created in 1932.

Organisation

The new Physic School and Teaching Hospital at the University.

The governing body of the University is the Great Congregation, comprising all Masters of Arts and Doctors of Science, Letters, Music, Physic, Laws or Divinity. The Congregation votes on the University's statutes and exercises control over academic matters such as examinations, rustication, matriculation, curricula and teaching, as well as graces, dispensations and degrees. Congregation normally meets only every three years and delegates its powers to the smaller Lesser Congregation, or Convocation of Regent Masters, which has power over academic matters. Statutes are deliberated upon by Convocation, and if agreed to, referred back to Congregation.

The University also consists of the four faculties, being those of Arts, Laws, Physic and Divinity. Within the Faculty of Arts are the sub-faculties of Letters and Science, the former consisting of the schools of Languages, Music, Philosophy and History, and the latter the schools of Mathematics, Astronomy, Natural Philosophy (Physics and Chemistry) and Natural History (Biology and Geology). Unusually, the Faculty of Laws includes the schools of Economics and Politics, as well as the schools of Civil Law and Canon Law. The faculties are responsible for the lecturing, research and examination of students.

Parallel to the faculties are the twenty four houses of scholars — each either a college or a hall — which are independent of the University and responsible for the lodging, tutelage and nourishment of their students. The houses are separated into three nations, although these are of little importance. Students are admitted to a house through the process of matriculation and thereby become members of the University in statu pupillari. Henceforth, they are bound by the University's statutes which are enforced by the University's proctors, constables and beadles, who have the power to fine and confine, and in extreme cases, to rusticate or ban (expel).

Location

The University is located to the west of Lendert-with-Cadell, one mile from St. Michael’sgate. The main University sites form a generally cohesive district centred on the two Upper and Lower Eyotes on the Wessert. The Church of St. Peter is the main church on Upper Eyote and serves as the site of most smaller University ceremonies. Peterhall, Ladyhall, Canonshall, Gosthall and Middlehall have their main house on the Eyotes, as well as the Old Arts School, the Old Laws School and the Divinity School. The rest of the Eyotes are made up of sundry housing and shops and the church The rest of the halls, colleges and University buildings are located on the outer banks of the Wessert. Along the Lither, where rowing is practised, is a large swathe of open pasture, meadow and parkland owned by the various academic and religious houses. The precincts of the University, within which University statutes, proctors and constables have jurisdiction, are the parishes of St. Mary the Virgin, St. Peter ad Vinculam, All Hallows and All Souls, Holy Ghost and St. Andrew.

Academic profile

Admission

Prospective students apply to matriculate by application to the houses of scholars, generally on the basis of good results in the Exhibition Examinations. These are public examinations taken at the end of the Sixth Form to prove scholastic competence and potential entitlement to a Crown Exhibition. However, as passing the Exhibitiones is not a prerequisite to admission, houses may admit students at their discretion. Several houses restrict admission either partially or fully to students from particular schools. Furthermore, many matriculate international students, although not all, on the basis of a separate Matriculation Examination. This examination may also be taken by state school pupils, and older candidates, in theory, but it is quite rare.

Arts degrees

View inside St. Michael’s Chapel, at Middlehall.

An degree in the Arts is the only initial, or undergraduate, degree offered by the University of Aldesey. The curriculum for the Arts involves attendance at lectures, supplemented with repetitions (tutorials) and disputations. A disputation was originally a kind of formal debate. It is nowadays always delivered in written form, either short or long. A short disputation is akin to an ordinary academic essay, while a long disputation is similar to an academic thesis. For such, students are also required to write an abstract or summary in Latin. Lectures for undergraduates are given by regent masters and involve exposition and instruction of the subject matter, as well as questions and discussion. Examination at the University is typically by a written paper and viva voce examination, often in Latin. Collations are college examinations taken during lecture course. They do not contribute to one’s final degree.

After Matriculation, a student is known as a Freshman in his first year and a Sophister in his second. Over two years, the student hears eight compulsory lectures on „Science” and „Letters”, the former covering Logic and Mathematics and the latter Classical Literature and History. At the end of his first and second years, he „responds” by undertaking his First and Second Responsions (also known as the „Littles”). In his third and fourth years, the student (then known as a Junior or Senior Questionist) hears eight lectures offered in any of the various schools of the University leading to one of the several fixed „Moderations”. At the end of his third and fourth years, the student takes his First and Second Moderations (also known as the „Greats”). He may then seek to „determine” and be admitted to his Bachelor of Arts degree. Although students must pass Responsions, degrees are classed solely based on results in the Moderations — bene, melius or optime — having moderated well, better or best. The best student in the year of each Moderation is titled the Junior or Senior Optimas.

Bachelors wishing to incept later as Master of Arts must keep a further four years. This simply involves paying the requisite fees, except that the Bachelor is required to reside for his final Easter term. At the end of Easter term, the Bachelor gives a formal disputation known as his Quodlibetica, after which he is licensed to incept as Master of Arts at Commencement during Whitsun term. Alternatively, the Bachelor may wish to read for a higher degree.

Higher degrees

The higher faculties are those of Laws, Physic and Divinity, in which the University admits students to bachelor's degrees and doctorates. Furthermore, higher study in the Faculty of Arts is possible in either Science or Letters. By ancient statute all students in higher faculties must have incepted as Master of Arts first before graduating with their higher degree. Study for a taught higher bachelor's degree involves attending lectures and taking the Generales and Particulares examinations at the end of the second and fourth years respectively, while a degree by research involves a Quodlibetica thesis and dissertation.

After attaining bachelorhood, the bachelor may seek to obtain a doctorate after up to another period of study or research. Like for a Master of Arts' Quodlibetica, the Bachelor produces a formal thesis and dissertation known as the Sollempnes. Thereafter he may incept as a Doctor which involves the solemnities of the Vesperies ceremony followed by the Principium lecture with Resumptio.

Student life

Houses

Punts on the Lither at Coggeshall Bridge.

Outside of lectures, students generally spend the majority of their time in their houses, of which the University has twenty four. House traditions form the distinct university culture at the University as each student is a member of a college or hall and is required to live „in college” or „in hall” during the academical terms of residence. Furthermore, students attend weekly repetitions and disputations in their houses, in addition to eating communally in hall. Attending daily prayers in each house’s chapel is a requirement under Statute, and a requirement in order to „keep term” in residence for the purpose of qualifying for degrees.

Each house has its own college or hall colours, songs, celebrations and sporting teams. The main sports are academic fencing and boating (rowing), although school games such as stinning, fives and cricket continue to be popular recreations. Punting is also a popular pastime on the Lither. Each college and hall also has its own Officer Cadet company, for students completing muster service.

House name Date of founding Affiliation Founded by
Coggeshall 1256 Benedictines Edward de Groive
Ladyhall 1264 Bernard de Aldesey
Canonshall 1273 Dominicans Henry de Ledden
Gosthall 1280 Dominicans Hartmold III
Middlehall 1371
Old College 1390 Prior of Chepingstow Minor
Jesus Hall 1422 Cistercians Abbot of Sulthey
Maudlyn Hall 1422 Franciscans
Rhighton College 1432 Benedictines Walther, Lord Abbot of Rhighton
Allhallowhall 1405 Allord College Charles I
West College 1493 Benedictines
Godchrist College 1500 Cistercians
Andershall 1511
Trinity College 1533 Elisabeth, Duchess of Caune
Mancourt College 1533 Elisabeth, Duchess of Caune
Clairiddel College 1573 Sir William de Clare
Lucy Hall 1487 Siel School John, Count of Siel
Wistfin College 1610 Limmes School Henry de Wistfin, Lord Bishop of Scode
Flemey College 1623 Rhise School Nicholas, Duke of Flemey
Echester College 1629 Echester School Richard de Cardey, Lord Bishop of Echester
King's College 1661 George I
Polchard College 1671 Chepingstow School John de Polchard, Lord Mayor of Chepingstow
New College 1793 Edmund VI in memory of William III
Prince's College 1825 Prince Henry of Anthord

Academical dress

The academic dress of a Master of Arts.

Students in residence and within the precincts of the University are required to wear academical dress whenever in public, as well as at lectures, in hall and at chapel. For most students, this means wearing the academical square cap and the academical gown. Academical dress is not required when on college or hall premises. At formal university ceremonies such as examinations, ceremonies and graduation, academical dress is worn with subfuscus dress, meaning a black tailcoat, white waistcoat and academical bands. Hoods are worn on certain occasions, being in chapel and at some ceremonies.

Ceremonies

The major university ceremonies are that of Matriculation, Determination and Commencement. Matriculation occurs within each house, and involves a symbolic tonsure and signing one’s name „on the books”. The ceremony confers membership of the house and a minor clerical state. Inter alia, each matriculand is required to swear an oath and subscribe to the confession of the Church of Nortend before proceeding to matriculate. Students who refuse to take the oath cannot matriculate, although in special cases, such as foreign students, they can still be „admitted to study”, similar to lady students. Such admitted students cannot graduate ordinarily, but by letters patent from the Crown, as with lady students.

Determination refers to the historical practice of completing the formal disputation required for the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Nowadays, in the Lent term after passing his final Second Moderations, Congregations are held whereat after supplicating, a graduand is presented to the Vice-Chancellour. After taking an Oath, the graduand kneels and gives his clasped hands to the Vice-Chancellour, who says :—

Ego admitto te ad gradum Baccalaurei in Artibus; in nomine Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti. Amen.

At Congregations, names of those to become Master of Arts or doctors are read out in order to receive licence to incept in absentia. Commencement then is an annual ceremony at which all Masters of Arts and higher doctors actually incept and obtain their degrees. It is a festive occasion held in Whitsun term at Lendert Priory in the presence of the Lord Chancellour as Lord Bishop of Chepingstow, the ex officio Chancellour of the University. It begins with Vespers on the Saturday evening beforehand, whereat a Sermon is preached. On Monday, after Mattins and several ceremonies, the Chancellour says to the kneeling inceptor :—

Ego admitto te ad gradum Magistris in Artibus; in nomine Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti. Amen.

The inceptor is then given a Bible and is briefly capped. Subsequently, he is required to give his Principium during the next Michaelmas term. However, for non-regent masters, this is dispensed with by grace.

Alumni

The alumni of the University include a significant number of major Nortish politicians, judges, senior officials, bankers, gentlemen, noblemen and other men of note. Particular alumni include :— (year of matriculation given in brackets)

See also

  1. ↑ Did not take a degree.
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