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{{Infobox church
{{Infobox church
|name                  = Saint Peter's Cathedral Priory
|name                  = Lendert Cathedral Priory
|fullname              = The Cathedral and Priory Church of Saint Peter and Saint Blaise at Lendert
|fullname              = The Cathedral and Priory Church of Saint Peter and Saint Blaise at Lendert
| native_name          = ''Ecclesia Cathedralis et Prioratus Sanctorum Petri et Blasii Lendartiensis''
| native_name          = ''Ecclesia Cathedralis et Prioratus Sancti Petri et Sancti Blasii Lendartiensis''
| native_name_lang      = Latin
| native_name_lang      = Latin
|image                  = Wells_Cathedral_2.jpg
|image                  = Wells_Cathedral_2.jpg
|imagesize              = 300
|imagesize              = 250
|caption                =
|caption                =
|coordinates            =  
|coordinates            =  
Line 38: Line 38:
|province              = [[Church of Nortend#Organisation|Limmes]]
|province              = [[Church of Nortend#Organisation|Limmes]]
{{Infobox |child=yes
{{Infobox |child=yes
  | headerstyle = {{WPMILHIST Infobox style|header_raw}}
  | headerstyle = background-color:#ebafa4;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:100%;
| header1  = Clergy
| header1  = Officials
| data2 = Cardinal Alan Gough
| label2 = Lord Archbishop and Abbot of Lendert
| label2 = Lord Bishop of Lendert
| data2 = Cardinal Ralph de Goulgh
| label3 = Bishop of Cadell
| label3 = Bishop of Cadell
| data3 = Walter Fitzcolling
| data3 = Walter Fitzcolling
| label4 = Prior  
| label4 = Prior  
| data4 = Henry Finchen
| data4 = Henry Finchen
| label5 = Dean
| label5 = Sub-Prior
| data5 = Matthew Reedman
| data5 = Matthew Reedman
}}{{GNCN|child=yes}}
}}
}}
}}
 
'''St. Peter's Cathedral Priory''', commonly known as '''St. Peter's Cathedral''', is a priory of the [[Church of Nortend]] in the capital city of [[Lendert-with-Cadell]]. Its formal name is the '''''Ecclesia Cathedralis et Prioratus Sanctorum Petri et Blasii Lendartoniensis''''' or the '''Cathedral and Priory Church of St. Peter and St. Blaise at Lendert''', and consists of the Prior and Convent. The Priory Church, which is also the see of the Lord Bishop of Lendert, bishop of the Diocese of Lendert and Cadell, is dedicated to {{wp|St Peter the Apostle}} and {{wp|Saint Blaise|St Blaise}}. As a monastic cathedral, the Priory's chapter serves as the bishop's chapter, whilst the Bishop of Lendert is also the titular Abbot of Lendert.  
'''Lendert Cathedral Priory''' is the mother church of the [[Church of Nortend]] in the capital city of [[Lendert-with-Cadell]] and home to a foundation of regular canons. Its full name is the '''Cathedral and Priory Church of Saint Peter and Saint Blaise at Lendert''' (La. ''Ecclesia Cathedralis et Prioratus Sancti Petri et Sancti Blasii Lendartoniensis''). The church is dedicated to {{wp|St Peter the Apostle}} and {{wp|Saint Blaise|St Blaise}}. The Priory is also the seat of the Lord Archbishop of Lendert who, since 1570, have been the Primate of Nortend and spiritual head of the Church of Nortend, and as such, the location for coronations, royal weddings and funerals, and other official occasions. As a [[Cardican religious houses|cathedral priory]], the Archbishop of Lendert is also the titular Abbot of Lendert and the Priory's chapter serves as the Cathedral chapter. Lendert Cathedral Priory along with Sulthey Cathedral Priory and Echester Cathedral Priory are the only extant examples of regular cathedrals in Great Nortend after the secularisation of the other such foundation at Staithway.  


==History==
==History==
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The church was founded as a {{wp|Benedictine}} abbey in 800 by [[Monarchy of Great Nortend|Æthelfrey]] after the death of his father, [[Hartmold the Great]], who was the first Christian king of [[Great Nortend|Nortend]]. Originally a small house, by 977, records shew that there were forty monks at the Abbey, which had its own daughter priory at Galwick. The increase in population, assisted by generous grants by kings of the [[Monarchy of Great Nortend#House of Mure|House of Mure]] necessitated expansion and rebuilding of the monastic buildings. This began in 930 under the abbot Geselwin after funds were secured from the increasing number of pilgrims to the shrine of St. Blaise, whose relics had passed into the Abbey's possession.  
The church was founded as a {{wp|Benedictine}} abbey in 800 by [[Monarchy of Great Nortend|Æthelfrey]] after the death of his father, [[Hartmold the Great]], who was the first Christian king of [[Great Nortend|Nortend]]. Originally a small house, by 977, records shew that there were forty monks at the Abbey, which had its own daughter priory at Galwick. The increase in population, assisted by generous grants by kings of the [[Monarchy of Great Nortend#House of Mure|House of Mure]] necessitated expansion and rebuilding of the monastic buildings. This began in 930 under the abbot Geselwin after funds were secured from the increasing number of pilgrims to the shrine of St. Blaise, whose relics had passed into the Abbey's possession.  


With the new buildings yet unfinished, in 1094, Lendert was [[Lendert-with-Cadell#8th to 11th centuries|besieged]] by invading forces from [[Lorecia]] which severely damaged the abbey buildings and destroyed the nearly completed nave, though the monk's quire and chancel remained mostly intact. The rebuilding of Lendert and Cadell brought skilled stonemasons to the city, who practised in the new Gothic style. Subsequently, when the entire abbey church was rebuilt  beginning in 1111, it was mostly in this new Gothic style.
With the new buildings yet unfinished, in 1094, Lendert was [[Lendert-with-Cadell#8th to 11th centuries|besieged]] by invading forces from [[Lorecia]] which severely damaged the abbey buildings and destroyed the nearly completed nave, though the monk's quire and chancel remained mostly intact. The rebuilding of Lendert and Cadell brought skilled stonemasons to the city, who practised in the new Gothic style. Subsequently, when the entire abbey church was rebuilt  beginning in 1111, it was mostly in this new Gothic style. The rebuild was finally completed in 1272


===Elevation to Cathedral===
===Elevation to Cathedral===
With the increasing wealth and population of Lendert, the Royal Court settled down permanently in Lendert in the early 13th century. Desiring a cathedral in his capital, Eltbold appointed the abbot, Edward de Groive, as Bishop of Lendert in 1284, elevating the abbey into a bishopric by his charter. Though the diocese merged with the diocese of Cadell in 1302 after the death of the Bishop of Cadell, and became the Diocese of Lendert and Cadell, the Bishop of Lendert never became Bishop of Lendart ''and'' Cadell for unknown reasons.
With the increasing wealth and population of Lendert, the Royal Court settled down permanently in Lendert in the early 13th century. Desiring a cathedral in his capital, Eltbold requested the Pope translate the Archbishop of Sulthey to Lendert, creating Edward de Groive as Archbishop of Lendert in 1284, and elevating the Abbey temporalities and spiritualities into that of a bishopric. The primacy of Sulthey was soon usurped by Lendert and though the diocese soon became known as the Diocese of Lendert and Cadell, the Archbishop of Lendert never became Bishop of Lendart ''and'' Cadell.  


Owing to this arrangement, the Lord Bishop of Lendert is also the Abbot of the Lendert. Indeed, this was in practice the case as well for Edward de Groive and the several bishops after him who considered themselves the head of the priory and used the title of abbot in that capacity. However, by the time of the Bishop Thomas de Darton in 1402 at the latest, it had become usual for the prior to take the place as ''de facto'' head of the priory, rather than merely the bishop-abbot's deputy. The change meant that the monks voted for their prior rather than have the abbot appoint a prior. However, at their installation, the Bishops of Lendert are still enthroned in the Chapter House as Abbot of Lendert by the Prior.
Edward de Groive was a monk and considered himself the head of the Abbey and used the title of Abbot in that capacity. However, by the time Thomas de Darton was Lord Archbishop in 1402 at the latest, the position had become secularised. Thus, it became usual for the prior to take the place as ''de facto'' head of the priory, rather than merely the bishop-abbot's deputy, although even in 1393 when the then-Archbishop established [[University of Lendert|West College]] at the [[University of Lendert]], the community was described as a Priory and not an Abbey. The change meant that the monks voted for their prior, rather than have the bishop-abbot appoint a prior. Nonetheless, at their installation, the Archbishops of Lendert are still enthroned in the Chapter House as Abbot of Lendert by the Prior.


===Schism===
===Reformation===
{{See also|Church of Nortend#The Great Schism}}
{{See also|Church of Nortend#History}}
In 1614, Alexander I renounced papal authority in Great Nortend, and declared the Church in Nortend an independent church, for the Bishop of Rome “hath no jurisdiction, temporal or spiritual in our Realm”. Daily life at the Cathedral carried on as usual; however, in 1668 the ''Duke of Cardenbridge's Act'' was passed which required all religious office holders to assent to an Oath of Supremacy forsaking the Bishop of Rome's “usurped powers”. The Convent threatened to refuse to sign and declare assent to the Oath of Supremacy. However, the Prior, John de Robesthorp did, allegedly in the interests of the Priory and his subordinates. Nevertheless, he translated his vow of stability to Curching Abbey after he was elected Abbot in 1674 after several tense years. The Dean of Lendert followed and was made Prior.  
In 1570, Alexander I renounced papal authority in Great Nortend by the Statute of Supremacy. Daily life at the Cathedral Priory carried on as usual; however, in 1668 the ''Duke of Cardenbridge's Act'' was passed which required all religious office holders to assent to an Oath of Supremacy forsaking the Bishop of Rome's „usurped powers”. The Chapter threatened to refuse to sign and declare assent to the Oath of Supremacy. However, the Prior, John de Robesthorp did, allegedly in the interests of the Priory and the monks. Nevertheless, he translated his vow of stability to Curching Abbey after he was elected Abbot there in 1674 after several tense years. The Sub-Prior of Lendert followed and was made Prior.  


William I refused to grant subsequently his writ of ''priore eligendo'' to permit the Convent to proceed to an election to elect a new Prior. The priory was vacant for three years, and in 1677, the Bishop of Lendert exercised his power as Abbot of Lendert to appoint Guilliam Molsey as Prior. Molsey implemented some minor reforms to the monastic office during his tenure; however, he vigorously defended the privileges and rights of the Priory against the Bishopric.
William I subsequently refused to grant his writ of ''priore eligendo'' to permit the Chapter to proceed to an election to elect a new Prior. The priory was vacant for three years, and in 1677, the Bishop of Lendert exercised his apparent power as Abbot of Lendert to appoint Guilliam Molsey as Prior. Molsey implemented some minor reforms to the office during his tenure; however, he vigorously defended the privileges and rights of the Priory against the bishopric.


===To Present===
===Reform===
In 1711, the statute of ''Quia solliciti'' was assented to by Edmund VI which imposed the new Book of Offices, Book of Masses and Book of Rites in English, ending the use of Latin in the liturgy. The Priory adopted these books with some hesitation and reluctance; however, by 1715, the Lord High Treasurer remarked that the “monks of the Priory did sing the new Offices cheerfully”. This was attributed to the greatly reduced burthen the new offices imposed, halving the number of offices daily to four from eight, and simplifying and shortening them considerably, so as to allow more time for work and toil. Some, however, regretted the reduced focus on divine service; Walter Maddle, an elderly choir monk, said in 1720 that “we have become monks cooler than lukewarm”.
In 1711, the statute of ''Quia solliciti'' was assented to by Edmund VI which imposed new English liturgical books on the Church. As a monastic house, this did not apply to the Priory. The Priory was reformed as a house of Augustinian canons, albeit still known as monks. While the three other main cathedral priories at Sulthey, Staithway and Echester became secular cathedrals with a Provost, Dean and Chapter, Lendert and Scode remained religious houses and continued to celebrate Divine Service in Latin according to the new books.


In 1737, Mary passed the statute of ''In reformatione'', which suspended the entrance of novices to all religious houses, including St. Peter's Priory. However, in 1742, after her marriage to the Earl of Scode, this was revoked, and fifteen monks were professed in that very year.
By 1715, the Lord High Treasurer remarked that the „old monks of the Priory sang the new Offices goodly”. This was attributed to the greatly reduced burthen the new offices imposed, halving the number of offices daily to four from eight, and simplifying and shortening them considerably. Some, however, regretted the reduction in Divine Service; Dean Walter Maddle, an elderly canon, said in 1720 that „we have become colder than lukewarm”.  


During the 1860s, the west end and quire was completely re-roofed owing to dry rot of the beams, as well as the degradation of the cathedral's copper roof. Subsidence on the side of St. Peter's Churchyard required extensive remedial works, including the building up of foundations and erection of two additional flying buttresses.  
In 1737, Mary passed the statute of ''In reformatione'', which suspended the entrance of novices to all religious houses, including Lendert Priory. The Priory School, however, continued to teach prospective novices. In 1742, after her marriage to the Count of Scode, the suspension was revoked, and ten canons were professed in that very year, marking the revival in the fortunes of the Priory, whose numbers had dwindled to only twelve elderly canons.


New stained glass windows were installed in the nave in 1933 to commemorate the [[Great Astyrian War]] to replace several which had been damaged over the centuries, the old windows being restored and installed in the clerestorey of the quire.
===Modern Era===
During the 1860s, the west end and quire of the Priory Church was completely re-roofed owing to dry rot of the roof beams, as well as the degradation of the copper roof. Subsidence on the side of St. Peter's Churchyard required extensive remedial works, including the building up of foundations and erection of two additional flying buttresses. New stained glass windows were installed in the nave in 1933 to commemorate the [[Great Astyrian War]] to replace several which had been damaged over the centuries, the old windows being restored and installed in the clerestory of the quire.
 
As the cathedral of the capital city and chief see of the country, Lendert Cathedral Priory continues as the site of numerous royal, public and civic ceremonies, especially the funerals of noblemen and statesmen, and celebrations of jubilees, national thanksgivings, and national memorial services. These services are normally celebrated in English.


==Architecture==
==Architecture==
====Chancel and Quire====
====Screen and Organ====
====Screen and Organ====
The Cathedral Church has a combined rood screen and choir screen, as in common in many southern monastic churches, forming one continuous rood loft, upon which the Rood is erected. It is flanked by figures of the Virgin Mary and John the Baptist. There is a rood altar located at the base of the rood, upon the rood loft.
The Cathedral Church has a combined rood screen and choir screen, as in common in many southern monastic churches, forming one continuous rood loft, upon which the Rood is erected. It is flanked by figures of St. Mary and St. John Baptist. There is a rood altar located at the base of the rood, upon the rood loft.


The Cathedral has two organs. The older Fenvitt Organ, donated by the Earl of Fenvitt, is located under the north arch of the transept whilst the 20th century State Organ is located in the Lady Chapel.
The Cathedral has two organs. The older Fenvitt Organ, donated by the Count of Fenvitt, is located under the north arch of the transept while the 20th century State Organ is located in the Lady Chapel.


====Nave and Transepts====
====Nave and Transepts====
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====Chapels====
====Chapels====
[[File:Winchester_cathedral_017.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Masses and Offices of the Lady are sung daily in the Lady Chapel.]]
[[File:Winchester_cathedral_017.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Masses and Offices of the Lady are sung daily in the Lady Chapel.]]
The Carolian Lady Chapel was completed in 1433 as the bequest of [[Monarchy of Great Nortend#House of Dester|Charles I]] as an enlargement of the earlier lady chapel, situated at the eastern end of the chancel, behind the reredos of the High Altar. Six boys and four monks weekly are assigned to sing on rotation from the main choir at the Lady Chapel. Daily Lady Masses in honour of the {{wp|Blessed Virgin Mary}} are offered in the Lady Chapel, as well as the [[Cardican Rite#Offices of the Lady|Offices of the Lady]].
The Carolian Lady Chapel was completed in 1433 as the bequest of [[Monarchy of Great Nortend#House of Dester|Charles I]] as an enlargement of the earlier lady chapel, situated at the eastern end of the chancel, behind the reredos of the High Altar. Six boys and four canons weekly are assigned to sing on rotation from the main choir at the Lady Chapel. Daily Lady Masses in honour of the {{wp|Blessed Virgin Mary}} are offered in the Lady Chapel, as well as the [[Cardican Rite#Offices of the Lady|Offices of the Lady]].


Location on the southern side of the chancel is the chapel and shrine of St. Blaise where relics of the 4th century saint were deposited during the rebuilding of the Abbey. There are also chapels dedicated to the Holy Trinity, St. Paul, St. John the Baptist, St. Michael, St. Andrew, St. Lawrence, St. Lucy, St. Benedict, and St. Silvester.
Location on the southern side of the chancel is the chapel and shrine of St. Blaise where relics of the 4th century saint were deposited during the rebuilding of the Abbey. There are also chapels dedicated to the Holy Trinity, St. Paul, St. John Baptist, St. Michael and all Angels, St. Andrew, St. Lawrence, St. Lucy, St. Benedict, and St. Silvester.


====Towers====
====Towers====
==Foundation==
==Foundation==
The Priory is a {{wp|Benedictine}} [[Cardican religious houses|religious house]] consisting of the Prior and the Convent of up to fifty monks and brothers. In 2020, there were 33 monks and 12 brothers. The incumbent of the Cathedral Priory is the Prior, who with the Convent (excluding the brothers) acts as its governing corporate body.<ref>''Cf''. in a secular cathedral, where the Archdeacon is Provost and the Dean is ''de facto'' head of the Chapter.</ref> Subordinate to the Prior is the Dean, as well as the other departmental obediencers, including the the Precentor, the Sacristan, the Cellarer, and Porter. Additionally, there are eighteen boys in the choir, who attend the Cathedral Priory School, and a number of singing clerks.
The Priory is now a [[Cardican religious houses|house]] of regular canons consisting of the Prior and the Chapter of up to forty canons. In 2020, there were 33 canons. The incumbent of the Cathedral Priory is the Prior, who with the Chapter acts as its governing corporate body.<ref>''Cf''. in a secular cathedral, where the Archdeacon is Provost and the Dean is head of the Chapter.</ref> Subordinate to the Prior is the Subprior, head of the chapter of deans, as well as the other departmental obediencers (who are also deans), including the the Precentor, the Sacristan, the Cellarer and Porter, and the other canons. Additionally, there are eighteen boys in the choir, who attend the Cathedral Priory School, and a number of singing clerks.
 
The Cathedral Priory is also the seat of the Lord Bishop of Lendert, who holds the nearby cardinalate of St. John the Baptist, Orse Street, ''in commendam''. He has his cathedra in the Quire of the Abbey with jurisdiction over the Priory as Ordinary of the diocese. The Bishop also has jurisdiction as the Priory's titular Abbot. As Abbot, he formally invests a new Prior with his temporalities and spiritualities whilst sitting in his throne in the Chapter House.


==Liturgy==
The Cathedral Priory is also the seat of the Lord Bishop of Lendert, who holds the nearby cardinalate of St. John the Baptist, Orse Street, ''in commendam''. He has his cathedra in the Quire of the Abbey with jurisdiction over the Priory as Ordinary of the diocese. The Bishop also has jurisdiction as the Priory's titular Abbot. As Abbot, he formally invests a new Prior with his temporalities and spiritualities whilst sitting in his throne in the Chapter House. Conversely, the Prior and Chapter have the theoretical right to elect the Bishop of Lendert, although in practice the King does not give them an option.
{{See also|Cardican Rite}}
The daily liturgies of the Cathedral are served by the Priory and Chapter, and are conducted according to the [[Cardican Rite]] of the [[Church of Nortend]]. Members of the public are allowed access to the Cathedral throughout the day and during divine service. However, as in all [[Church of Nortend|Cardican]] churches, they are not ordinarily permitted to pass the Rood Screen and enter the Quire or Chancel, or pass the altar rails of chapels and side-altars.  


===Offices===
==Divine Service==
In the main quire, Mattins and Vespers are sung daily by the full choir of monks, boys and clerks. Prime, Tierce, Sext, Nones and Compline are sung by the monks only, except on holy days.
{{See also|Nortish Rite}}
The daily services of the Cathedral Priory are sung by the canons according to the [[Nortish Rite]] of the [[Church of Nortend]] in Latin. Members of the public are allowed access to the Cathedral throughout the day, and to hear Divine Service in the nave, chapels and aisles. However, as in all [[Church of Nortend|Nortish]] churches, they are not normally allowed to enter the Quire or Chancel.


===Masses===
===Hours===
Throughout the morning, after Mattins and until the High Mass, there is a steady stream of low masses at the various chapels and side-altars around the Cathedal said by the monks and clergy.
In the main quire, the hours of Mattins and Vespers are sung daily by the full quire of canons, boys and singing clerks. Prime and Compline are sung by the canons only, except on certain holy days when the clerks and boys may also sing.


The Conventual High Mass normally occurs at noon, and is sung with the full choir. This occurs at the High Altar, sung by the Upper Hebdomadary, whilst simultaneously at the Rood Altar, a Low Mass is said by the Lower Hebdomadary before the Rood Screen, in time with the High Mass. Communicants in the nave receive the pax and communion at the altar rail of the Rood Altar, although they hear the Prophecy, Epistle, Gospel and Sermon of the High Mass.
===Communion===
Throughout the morning, after Mattins and until the High Mass, there are a number of services of Holy Communion at the various chapels and side-altars around the Cathedral said by the canons. Many of these are in remembrance of the Dead, chaunted in accordance with mediaeval and more modern endowments and legacies for chauntries. The earliest service is the „Morrow Mass”, which is of the day. Otherwise, there may be services said in honour of various persons depending on the day and priest, such as of the Holy Trinity, of the Holy Ghost, of St. Peter, of St. Blaise, for the King &c.  


===Lady Services===
The conventual service of Holy Communion normally occurs at noon, and is sung with the full choir. This occurs at the High Altar, sung by the Upper Hebdomadary.  
In the Lady Chapel, Mattins and Vespers of the Lady are said daily by the full Lady choir, immediately after their corresponding ordinary offices are sung. Once a week, usually on a ferial Saturday, the offices will be sung by the full Lady choir, whilst Sext and Compline are sung by the monks only, as for the ordinary services. On ordinary fairs a Lady Mass is sung daily by the full choir.


In the Lady Chapel, a Lady Mass is sung daily.


{{GNC}}
{{GNC}}

Latest revision as of 14:01, 3 October 2024

Lendert Cathedral Priory
The Cathedral and Priory Church of Saint Peter and Saint Blaise at Lendert
Ecclesia Cathedralis et Prioratus Sancti Petri et Sancti Blasii Lendartiensis
Wells Cathedral 2.jpg
LocationLendert-with-Cadell
CountryGreat Nortend
DenominationChurch of Nortend
History
DedicationSt Peter and St Blaise
ConsecratedAugust 1st, 1284
Architecture
Functional statusActive
StyleGothic
Years built1111–1322
Administration
DioceseLendert and Cadell
ProvinceLimmes
Officials
Lord Archbishop and Abbot of LendertCardinal Ralph de Goulgh
Bishop of CadellWalter Fitzcolling
PriorHenry Finchen
Sub-PriorMatthew Reedman
Part of a series on the
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Lendert Cathedral Priory is the mother church of the Church of Nortend in the capital city of Lendert-with-Cadell and home to a foundation of regular canons. Its full name is the Cathedral and Priory Church of Saint Peter and Saint Blaise at Lendert (La. Ecclesia Cathedralis et Prioratus Sancti Petri et Sancti Blasii Lendartoniensis). The church is dedicated to St Peter the Apostle and St Blaise. The Priory is also the seat of the Lord Archbishop of Lendert who, since 1570, have been the Primate of Nortend and spiritual head of the Church of Nortend, and as such, the location for coronations, royal weddings and funerals, and other official occasions. As a cathedral priory, the Archbishop of Lendert is also the titular Abbot of Lendert and the Priory's chapter serves as the Cathedral chapter. Lendert Cathedral Priory along with Sulthey Cathedral Priory and Echester Cathedral Priory are the only extant examples of regular cathedrals in Great Nortend after the secularisation of the other such foundation at Staithway.

History

Abbey

The church was founded as a Benedictine abbey in 800 by Æthelfrey after the death of his father, Hartmold the Great, who was the first Christian king of Nortend. Originally a small house, by 977, records shew that there were forty monks at the Abbey, which had its own daughter priory at Galwick. The increase in population, assisted by generous grants by kings of the House of Mure necessitated expansion and rebuilding of the monastic buildings. This began in 930 under the abbot Geselwin after funds were secured from the increasing number of pilgrims to the shrine of St. Blaise, whose relics had passed into the Abbey's possession.

With the new buildings yet unfinished, in 1094, Lendert was besieged by invading forces from Lorecia which severely damaged the abbey buildings and destroyed the nearly completed nave, though the monk's quire and chancel remained mostly intact. The rebuilding of Lendert and Cadell brought skilled stonemasons to the city, who practised in the new Gothic style. Subsequently, when the entire abbey church was rebuilt beginning in 1111, it was mostly in this new Gothic style. The rebuild was finally completed in 1272

Elevation to Cathedral

With the increasing wealth and population of Lendert, the Royal Court settled down permanently in Lendert in the early 13th century. Desiring a cathedral in his capital, Eltbold requested the Pope translate the Archbishop of Sulthey to Lendert, creating Edward de Groive as Archbishop of Lendert in 1284, and elevating the Abbey temporalities and spiritualities into that of a bishopric. The primacy of Sulthey was soon usurped by Lendert and though the diocese soon became known as the Diocese of Lendert and Cadell, the Archbishop of Lendert never became Bishop of Lendart and Cadell.

Edward de Groive was a monk and considered himself the head of the Abbey and used the title of Abbot in that capacity. However, by the time Thomas de Darton was Lord Archbishop in 1402 at the latest, the position had become secularised. Thus, it became usual for the prior to take the place as de facto head of the priory, rather than merely the bishop-abbot's deputy, although even in 1393 when the then-Archbishop established West College at the University of Lendert, the community was described as a Priory and not an Abbey. The change meant that the monks voted for their prior, rather than have the bishop-abbot appoint a prior. Nonetheless, at their installation, the Archbishops of Lendert are still enthroned in the Chapter House as Abbot of Lendert by the Prior.

Reformation

In 1570, Alexander I renounced papal authority in Great Nortend by the Statute of Supremacy. Daily life at the Cathedral Priory carried on as usual; however, in 1668 the Duke of Cardenbridge's Act was passed which required all religious office holders to assent to an Oath of Supremacy forsaking the Bishop of Rome's „usurped powers”. The Chapter threatened to refuse to sign and declare assent to the Oath of Supremacy. However, the Prior, John de Robesthorp did, allegedly in the interests of the Priory and the monks. Nevertheless, he translated his vow of stability to Curching Abbey after he was elected Abbot there in 1674 after several tense years. The Sub-Prior of Lendert followed and was made Prior.

William I subsequently refused to grant his writ of priore eligendo to permit the Chapter to proceed to an election to elect a new Prior. The priory was vacant for three years, and in 1677, the Bishop of Lendert exercised his apparent power as Abbot of Lendert to appoint Guilliam Molsey as Prior. Molsey implemented some minor reforms to the office during his tenure; however, he vigorously defended the privileges and rights of the Priory against the bishopric.

Reform

In 1711, the statute of Quia solliciti was assented to by Edmund VI which imposed new English liturgical books on the Church. As a monastic house, this did not apply to the Priory. The Priory was reformed as a house of Augustinian canons, albeit still known as monks. While the three other main cathedral priories at Sulthey, Staithway and Echester became secular cathedrals with a Provost, Dean and Chapter, Lendert and Scode remained religious houses and continued to celebrate Divine Service in Latin according to the new books.

By 1715, the Lord High Treasurer remarked that the „old monks of the Priory sang the new Offices goodly”. This was attributed to the greatly reduced burthen the new offices imposed, halving the number of offices daily to four from eight, and simplifying and shortening them considerably. Some, however, regretted the reduction in Divine Service; Dean Walter Maddle, an elderly canon, said in 1720 that „we have become colder than lukewarm”.

In 1737, Mary passed the statute of In reformatione, which suspended the entrance of novices to all religious houses, including Lendert Priory. The Priory School, however, continued to teach prospective novices. In 1742, after her marriage to the Count of Scode, the suspension was revoked, and ten canons were professed in that very year, marking the revival in the fortunes of the Priory, whose numbers had dwindled to only twelve elderly canons.

Modern Era

During the 1860s, the west end and quire of the Priory Church was completely re-roofed owing to dry rot of the roof beams, as well as the degradation of the copper roof. Subsidence on the side of St. Peter's Churchyard required extensive remedial works, including the building up of foundations and erection of two additional flying buttresses. New stained glass windows were installed in the nave in 1933 to commemorate the Great Astyrian War to replace several which had been damaged over the centuries, the old windows being restored and installed in the clerestory of the quire.

As the cathedral of the capital city and chief see of the country, Lendert Cathedral Priory continues as the site of numerous royal, public and civic ceremonies, especially the funerals of noblemen and statesmen, and celebrations of jubilees, national thanksgivings, and national memorial services. These services are normally celebrated in English.

Architecture

Screen and Organ

The Cathedral Church has a combined rood screen and choir screen, as in common in many southern monastic churches, forming one continuous rood loft, upon which the Rood is erected. It is flanked by figures of St. Mary and St. John Baptist. There is a rood altar located at the base of the rood, upon the rood loft.

The Cathedral has two organs. The older Fenvitt Organ, donated by the Count of Fenvitt, is located under the north arch of the transept while the 20th century State Organ is located in the Lady Chapel.

Nave and Transepts

The north transept of the Cathedral.

Chapels

Masses and Offices of the Lady are sung daily in the Lady Chapel.

The Carolian Lady Chapel was completed in 1433 as the bequest of Charles I as an enlargement of the earlier lady chapel, situated at the eastern end of the chancel, behind the reredos of the High Altar. Six boys and four canons weekly are assigned to sing on rotation from the main choir at the Lady Chapel. Daily Lady Masses in honour of the Blessed Virgin Mary are offered in the Lady Chapel, as well as the Offices of the Lady.

Location on the southern side of the chancel is the chapel and shrine of St. Blaise where relics of the 4th century saint were deposited during the rebuilding of the Abbey. There are also chapels dedicated to the Holy Trinity, St. Paul, St. John Baptist, St. Michael and all Angels, St. Andrew, St. Lawrence, St. Lucy, St. Benedict, and St. Silvester.

Towers

Foundation

The Priory is now a house of regular canons consisting of the Prior and the Chapter of up to forty canons. In 2020, there were 33 canons. The incumbent of the Cathedral Priory is the Prior, who with the Chapter acts as its governing corporate body.[1] Subordinate to the Prior is the Subprior, head of the chapter of deans, as well as the other departmental obediencers (who are also deans), including the the Precentor, the Sacristan, the Cellarer and Porter, and the other canons. Additionally, there are eighteen boys in the choir, who attend the Cathedral Priory School, and a number of singing clerks.

The Cathedral Priory is also the seat of the Lord Bishop of Lendert, who holds the nearby cardinalate of St. John the Baptist, Orse Street, in commendam. He has his cathedra in the Quire of the Abbey with jurisdiction over the Priory as Ordinary of the diocese. The Bishop also has jurisdiction as the Priory's titular Abbot. As Abbot, he formally invests a new Prior with his temporalities and spiritualities whilst sitting in his throne in the Chapter House. Conversely, the Prior and Chapter have the theoretical right to elect the Bishop of Lendert, although in practice the King does not give them an option.

Divine Service

The daily services of the Cathedral Priory are sung by the canons according to the Nortish Rite of the Church of Nortend in Latin. Members of the public are allowed access to the Cathedral throughout the day, and to hear Divine Service in the nave, chapels and aisles. However, as in all Nortish churches, they are not normally allowed to enter the Quire or Chancel.

Hours

In the main quire, the hours of Mattins and Vespers are sung daily by the full quire of canons, boys and singing clerks. Prime and Compline are sung by the canons only, except on certain holy days when the clerks and boys may also sing.

Communion

Throughout the morning, after Mattins and until the High Mass, there are a number of services of Holy Communion at the various chapels and side-altars around the Cathedral said by the canons. Many of these are in remembrance of the Dead, chaunted in accordance with mediaeval and more modern endowments and legacies for chauntries. The earliest service is the „Morrow Mass”, which is of the day. Otherwise, there may be services said in honour of various persons depending on the day and priest, such as of the Holy Trinity, of the Holy Ghost, of St. Peter, of St. Blaise, for the King &c.

The conventual service of Holy Communion normally occurs at noon, and is sung with the full choir. This occurs at the High Altar, sung by the Upper Hebdomadary.

In the Lady Chapel, a Lady Mass is sung daily.

  1. Cf. in a secular cathedral, where the Archdeacon is Provost and the Dean is head of the Chapter.