Keppland
United Kepplandic Free States Förenade Käppländska friländer (Blostlandic) | |
|---|---|
 Flag
 Coat of arms
| |
| Motto: Vårt folk, vårt hemland, vår framtid "Our people, our homeland, our future" | |
| Anthem: "Guldstoft och palmblad" "Gold Dust and Palm Leaves"  | |
| Capital | Vajki |
| Largest city | Gunnarstad |
| Official languages | Blostlandic |
| Recognised national languages | Chanuche |
| Ethnic groups | 74.2% Blandfolk 14.5% Bahian 8.1% Euclean 1.4% Indigenous 1.8% Other |
| Demonym(s) | Kepplandic, Kepplander |
| Government | Federal dominant-party presidential republic |
| Anita Hedberg | |
| Legislature | Förbundsdag |
| Landsting | |
| Folksting | |
| Independence from Blostland | |
• Declared | 19 June 1765 |
| 13 September 1771 | |
| 15 August 1979 | |
| 7 January 1981 | |
| Area | |
• Total | 663,264 km2 (256,088 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• 2020 census | 20,865,930 |
• Density | 31.5/km2 (81.6/sq mi) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2022 estimate |
• Total | $587 billion |
• Per capita | $28,132 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2022 estimate |
• Total | $320 billion |
• Per capita | $15,336 |
| HDI (2022) | 0.831 very high |
| Currency | Daler (KPD) |
| Time zone | UTC-1 |
| Date format | dd/mm/yyyy |
| Driving side | right |
Keppland (Blostlandic: Käppland), officially the United Kepplandic Free States (Blostlandic: Förenade Käppländska friländer), is a sovereign state in eastern Asteria Inferior. It borders Arbolada to the southwest, Puramape to the west, and Gapolania to the north. Geographically, Keppland lies between the Sierra Bianca Range in the west and the Lumine Ocean in the south and east. The nation's capital is Vajki, and its largest city is Gunnarstad. Other major cities include Åkapan, Sockerhamn, and Anitastad.
Keppland was occupied by Indigenous Asterians for at least 12,000 years before the arrival of Euclean explorers in 1552. The first permanent settlements were established by Blostlandic colonists in 1621, turning Keppland into a major source of sugarcane, gold, and rubber for Euclea. Keppland declared independence from Blostland in 1765, sparking six years of warfare against its former colonial metropole. Blostland recognized the nation's independence in 1771, but the fledgling First Kepplandic Republic was quickly plunged into internal turmoil. A series of coups and revolts plagued the country until 1820, when the republic was overthrown in a coup d'état and replaced by the Kepplandic Empire under Emperor Mats I. The Empire expanded through eastern Asteria Inferior during the X Wars in an effort to become the first great power in the Asterias, but was defeated by the X Coalition in 1852. The war was financially devastating for Keppland, and the newly established Second Kepplandic Republic did not fully recover until the mid-1860s. Keppland's political situation stabilized during the presidency of X, who reopened the nation to foreign investment and accelerated its economic recovery. Keppland experienced an economic boom during the late 19th century as a result of the Second Industrial Revolution, attracting significant numbers of new immigrants in the process.
By the beginning of the 20th century, Keppland had reestablished itself as a strong middle power with one of the highest per capita GDPs in the Asterias. However, its decades-long growth came to an end with the Great Collapse in 1913, leading to a military coup d'état that brought President Henrik Steen to power. A populist who rejected conventional left- and right-wing politics, Steen instituted reforms to help the working class and halt the rise of extremism. Keppland remained neutral in the Great War, but had close trade relationships with many of the Entente powers. The collapse of the Entente during the last years of the war proved detrimental to the Kepplandic economy, and the unexpected death of Steen in late 1934 left a significant power vacuum. The tense internal situation culminated in the outbreak of civil war during the summer of 1935, with the troubled Second Republic facing uprisings from both Chistovodian-backed councilists and far-right nationalists. A major offensive in the fall of 1936 turned the tide in favor of the councilists, resulting in the capture of Vajki and establishment of the Kepplandic Council Republic in February of 1937. Keppland's economy stabilized during the 1940s and 1950s due to substantial aid from the socialist world, with Chistovodia alone constituting more than half of the nation's international trade volume. However, the outbreak of the Great Asterian War in the 1960s caused Chistovodian economic assistance to evaporate, and the Kepplandic economy began to stagnate as a result. After an attempted transition to market socialism during the 1970s, the councilist state was overthrown in the Kepplandic Revolution of 1979, leading to the restoration of democracy under the Third Kepplandic Republic. Keppland embraced neoliberalism under a series of Liberal Democratic governments during the 1980s and 1990s, but began to drift back towards populism following the 2005 global financial crisis. The National Activation Party has held power since the 2005 elections, during which time Keppland has experienced democratic backsliding and an erosion of civil liberties.
Keppland is a developed country, boasting a high-income economy that ranks highly in measures of human development, economic freedom, and standard of living. The nation is often considered to be an illiberal democracy or hybrid regime, and increasingly struggles with authoritarianism and strongman politics. Keppland's military is among the most powerful in Asteria Inferior, with a green-water navy capable of power projection on a regional scale. The nation is a member of the Community of Nations and Organization of Asterian Nations, and is generally considered to be a middle power in the international community.
Etymology
The Blostlandic name Käppland was first recorded by Blostlandic explorer Gunnar Backlund, the first Euclean to set foot in modern day Keppland. The name is derived from the Blostlandic word käpp, meaning "cane" or "walking stick". According to Backlund's own writings, the name is a reference to the indigenous Chanuche people. Backlund writes that the Mapuche often used walking sticks when traversing the Kepplandic landscape: "the natives showed us to their camp, not one without a cane (käpp) for the long journey ahead". However, other sources dispute Backlund's account, writing that the name is a reference to a specific Mapuche leader named "Aucaman" who walked with a cane. These sources include Gustaf Olsson, a physician on Backlund's expedition, who claims to have suggested the name to Backlund.
The Estmericisation Keppland was used interchangeably with Kappland until the 18th century, when the former emerged as the preferred name for the area. However, some sources continued to use Kappland until the Kepplandic Declaration of Independence in 1765, which used Keppland in its first Estmerish translation.
History
Pre-colonial history
Colonial period
19th century
20th century
21st century
Geography
Climate
Environment
Biodiversity
Government and politics
Keppland is governed as a federal presidential republic. The nation's basic governing document is the constitution, which was adopted in 1981. The constitution establishes three co-equal branches of government, consisting of a legislature, executive, and judiciary. The bicameral Förbundsdag holds the nation’s legislative power, and is divided into an upper house, the Landsting, and a lower house, the Folksting. Any member of the Förbundsdag may propose legislation, which must then be passed by majorities in both the Landsting and Folksting. Nominations and international treaties must also be approved by a majority in each house. Constitutional amendments, impeachments, and overrides of presidential vetoes require a two-thirds supermajority in both houses instead of a simple majority. The National Activation Party currently controls supermajorities in both the Landsting and Folksting.
The executive branch is led by the president, who serves as both head of state and head of government. The president is empowered to veto bills and constitutional amendments, serve as commander-in-chief of the armed forces, nominate judges and civil servants, and negotiate treaties. The president oversees the cabinet, which consists of the heads of each government ministry. Cabinet ministers serve at the discretion of the president, who may nominate new ministers for approval by the Förbundsdag and dismiss current ministers at will. The current president, Anita Hedberg of the National Activation Party, was elected in 2023.
The Kepplandic judiciary is divided into ordinary courts, which handle civil and criminal cases, and administrative courts, which handle complaints against the federal government. Both court systems are separate, and consist of three tiers that include district, appellate, and supreme courts. In addition, the Constitutional Court is entirely independent from the rest of the judiciary, and only rules on the constitutionality of federal, state, and local legislation. Judges are nominated by the president and approved by both houses of the Förbundsdag, serving for renewable 12 year terms. Each state also has its own separate judicial system, which are separate from that of the federal government and do not have jurisdication over federal laws. The Kepplandic legal system is based around civil law, and is strongly influenced by practices instituted during the Blostlandic colonial era.
Federal elections are held every three years. Both houses of the Förbundsdag are elected by closed list proportional representation using the greatest divisors method, while the presidency is elected by first-past-the-post voting. Landsting members are elected for renewable six-year terms, which are staggered so that half of all seats are contested every three years. Seats are allocated by population among 11 multi-seat constituencies, which correspond to each of Keppland's ten states plus the federal city of Vajki. Folksting members serve for renewable three-year terms, and are subject to a nationwide vote without constituencies. The presidency is contested every other electoral cycle, with officeholders only permitted to serve for a single six-year term. No person who has served for at least part of a presidential term is permitted to hold the office again.
Political culture
Most political scientists classify Keppland as a dominant-party system. The National Activation Party (NAP) has held power continuously since the 2005 elections, when the party won the presidency and both houses of the Förbundsdag. The NAP further expanded its grasp in the controversial 2011 elections, which were marred by accusations of widespread electoral fraud and suppression. The party emerged from the elections with a supermajority in both houses, allowing it to enact sweeping constitutional reforms that vastly expanded presidential authority and reduced judicial oversight. All federal judges have been NAP nominees since 2017, and the party controls eight out of the ten state governorships as of 2023.
During the NAP's time in power, Keppland has experienced democratic backsliding and growing authoritarianism. Most experts classify the nation as an illiberal democracy or hybrid regime, with some recent sources suggesting that Keppland has become a full dictatorship or de facto one-party state. Numerous opposition parties have been subject to federal bans since 2005, including both left- and right-wing parties. Elections remain rife with fraud and voter suppression, and activists, opposition figures, members of the independent press, and dissidents often face repression carried out by the state or its proxies. The only legal opposition parties which currently hold representation in the Förbundsdag are the Liberal Democratic Party, Kepplandic Renewal Party, and Socialist Workers' Party.
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations
Compared to its peers in Asteria Inferior, Keppland's foreign policy in the post-Asterian Spring era is somewhat unique. While most nations on the continent generally fall under the Satucine sphere of influence, Keppland demonstrates significant latitude in its decision making, preferring to build a network of bilateral relationships instead of aligning with any one political bloc. The nation's diplomatic posture is broadly characterized by pragmatism, and tends to prioritize economic growth and Chistovodian containment over other interests. Kepplandic foreign policy is frequently studied in international relations departments at universities around the world, and has been described as "the epitome of middle power realpolitik".
Keppland's approach towards foreign affairs is largely a product of its councilist period, during which time the nation was almost entirely isolated from neighboring states and relied heavily on Chistovodia for support. Relations between the two polities began to sour after the Kepplandic Revolution of 1979, and fears of a potential Chistovodian invasion led Keppland to pursue defensive guarantees from the Asterian Federative Republic. Although an armed confrontation never materialized, Keppland and the AFR formalized their military alliance in 1982, and reached an agreement in 1985 for Grande Asterian forces to be permanently stationed at Anitastad Naval Base. The two nations also expanded their economic ties, signing a bilateral free trade agreement in 1986. These developments strongly contrasted with the post-Asterian Spring policies of most nations in Asteria Inferior, which had begun to distance themselves from the AFR due to its prior support of their recently toppled authoritarian regimes. These nations generally preferred close ties with Satucin, and together established the Asteria Inferior Common Market (ASTCOM) in 1992. Although Keppland did enter negotiations to join ASTCOM in the early 1990s, it ultimately rejected full membership in favor of a free trade agreement with the bloc. This decision is widely considered to be a key moment in the history of Kepplandic diplomacy, solidifying the nation's position as an independent actor in the foreign policy arena. Keppland generally refrained from openly displaying any clear preference between its international partners until 2005, when the National Activation Party (NAP) came to power. The NAP has increasingly prioritized Keppland's relationship with the AFR during its time in power, leading many observers to question whether or not pragmatism is still the primary driver of the nation's foreign policy.
Keppland is a member of the Community of Nations and Organization of Asterian Nations. However, the nation still prefers to work primarily through its bilateral relationships. Keppland's particularly strong partnership with the AFR is frequently characterized as a special relationship by foreign policy experts, and remains its most significant avenue for international coooperation. The nation has also cultivated similar bilateral relationships with Eldmark, Soravia, and Etruria. These ties serve to balance against Satucine dominance, empowering Kepplandic policymakers to exercise autonomy in their approach to statecraft without having to rely on support from any one partner. Nevertheless, Keppland does enjoy cordial relations with the Satucine sphere, and continues to maintain its aforementioned free trade agreement with ASTCOM.
Military
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The Kepplandic Armed Forces (Blostlandic: Käppländska krigsmakten) are the national military forces of Keppland. They consist of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Republican Guard, with a total of 87,000 active and 45,000 reserve personnel as of 2023. The President of Keppland serves as commander-in-chief of the armed forces, although day-to-day operations are overseen by the Minister of War. The Kepplandic government spent $8.32 billion on defense in 2022, totaling 2.6% of the nation’s total nominal GDP.
Keppland has historically maintened one of the strongest armed forces in the region, dating back to the militaristic policies of the Kepplandic Empire. During the councilist period, Keppland reorganized its military around AIS doctrine and was primarily equipped by Chistovodia and Valduvia. Defense spending declined dramatically after the Kepplandic Revolution, and the Kepplandic Armed Forces were among the most poorly trained and equipped militaries in the Asterias by the end of the 1990s. However, funding began to increase again after the National Activation Party (NAP) took power in 2005, prompting an extensive modernization and reorganization program initiated by the Ministry of War during the 2010s. By 2020, the Kepplandic military had re-emerged as a formidable force in Asteria Inferior, with the capacity to project power on a regional scale.
The modern Kepplandic Armed Forces are primarily organized around national defense, international peacekeeping, and regional expeditionary operations. Keppland's Navy is a modern, green-water force capable of sustaining operations around the Asterias. The Republican Guard, an elite unit answerable only to the President, consists of the nation's most well trained and equipped soldiers. Keppland maintains strong bilateral defensive ties with the Asterian Federative Republic, which maintains a permanent military presence at Anitastad Naval Base and serves as the nation’s single largest foreign supplier of arms. Keppland’s domestic arms industry is also relatively strong for a nation of its size, with major companies such as TBA, TBA, and TBA producing a variety of defense material.
Law enforcement
Keppland's federal law enforcement agencies consist of the Federal Police, Federal Intelligence and Security Service, and National Gendarmerie. The Federal Police is a civilian agency responsible for investigating and combating federal crimes, and is managed by the Ministry of the Interior. The Federal Intelligence and Security Service, commonly known by its Blostlandic acronym FUST (Förbunds underrättelse- och säkerhetstjänst), is an investigative body that serves as Keppland's primary foreign intelligence and internal security agency. The National Gendarmerie is a paramilitary force intended to supplement the Federal Police and FUST by providing tactical support, quelling internal unrest, and guarding sensitive sites such as borders, ports, and power plants. In addition to these federal agencies, state and local governments operate their own police forces to conduct law enforcement operations below the federal level.
International observers have criticized Keppland's law enforcement apparatus for its poor human rights record and lack of oversight, with many labeling the nation a police state. Foreign governments and human rights organizations often describe the FUST as Keppland's secret police, accusing the agency of carrying out politically motivated investigations, forced disappearances, torture, arbitrary arrests and detentions, and targeted assassinations. The National Gendarmerie has also been accused of extrajudicial activities, and received further criticism for its excessive militarization and heavy-handed approach during periods of civil unrest. Along with the Republican Guard, both agencies report only to the president and have been collectively described as the "private army of the National Activation Party".