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{{Gentu wip}}
{{Gentu wip}}


A language is a structured system of communication. The structure of a language is its grammar and the free components are its vocabulary. Languages are the primary means of communication of [[Homo captiosus|humans]], and can be conveyed through speech (spoken language), sign, or writing. Many languages, including the most widely-spoken ones, have writing systems that enable sounds or signs to be recorded for later reactivation. Human language is unique among the known systems of animal communication in that it is not dependent on a single mode of transmission (sight, sound, etc.), is highly variable between cultures and across time, and affords a much wider range of expression than other systems.
'''Languages spoken in Gentu''' are structured systems of communication. The structure of a language is its grammar and the free components are its vocabulary. Languages are the primary means of communication of [[Homo captiosus|humans]], and can be conveyed through speech (spoken language), sign, or writing. Many languages, including the most widely-spoken ones, have writing systems that enable sounds or signs to be recorded for later reactivation. Human language is unique among the known systems of animal communication in that it is not dependent on a single mode of transmission (sight, sound, etc.), is highly variable between cultures and across time, and affords a much wider range of expression than other systems.


Estimates of the number of human languages in the world vary between X and X. Precise estimates depend on an arbitrary distinction (dichotomy) being established between languages and dialects. Natural languages are spoken, signed, or both; however, any language can be encoded into secondary media using auditory, visual, or tactile stimuli – for example, writing, whistling, signing, or braille. In other words, human language is modality-independent, but written or signed language is the way to inscribe or encode the natural human speech or gestures.
Estimates of the number of human languages in the world vary between X and X. Precise estimates depend on an arbitrary distinction (dichotomy) being established between languages and dialects. Natural languages are spoken, signed, or both; however, any language can be encoded into secondary media using auditory, visual, or tactile stimuli – for example, writing, whistling, signing, or braille. In other words, human language is modality-independent, but written or signed language is the way to inscribe or encode the natural human speech or gestures.


Currently, there are X major {{wp|language family|language families}} still in use. They include: [[Oranish language|Oranish]], [[Orano-Hangic language|Orano-Hangic]], [[Juksan language|Juksan]], [[Plevo-Exoran language|Plevo-Exoran]], [[Meglimos language|Meglimos]], [[Harano-Rokan language|Harano-Rokan]], [[Trimeshian language|Trimeshian]], [[Horaponic language|Horaponic]], and many others.
Currently, there are 11 major {{wp|language family|language families}} still in use. They include: [[Oranish languages|Oranish]], [[Orano-Hangic languages|Orano-Hangic]], [[Juksanic languages|Juksanic]], [[Plevo-Exoran languages|Plevo-Exoran]], [[Meglimos languages|Meglimos]], [[Harano-Rokan languages|Harano-Rokan]], [[Trimeshian languages|Trimeshian]], [[Horaponic languages|Horaponic]], and many others.


== Languages and dialects ==
== Language families ==


''TBA''
Gentu's languages can be grouped into families consisting of languages known to show a common ancestry. There are recognised to have been around many hundreds of language families most of which had went extinct before the invention of writing. At present, there are 11 major language families still in use while there dozens of {{wp|language isolate}}s.
 
=== Oranish ===
{{main article|Oranish languages}}
 
Most of [[Oranland]], the [[Limu mountain range]], and [[Alabon]] are native home to the family of [[Oranish languages]]. [[Neragese language|Neragese]], [[Cavalan language|Cavalan]], [[Palon language|Palon]], [[Hestandan language|Hestandan]], [[Veragese language|Veragese]], and [[Seron language|Seron]] are a few Oranish languages of this family that have spread due to colonization in the modern era and are currently spoken on other continents. The Oranish family is split into various branches or subfamilies, of which there are X groups with languages still in use today: [[Veragian language|Veragian]], [[Alaric language|Alaric]], [[Seanctish language|Séanctish]], [[East Renhullic language|East Renhullic]], [[West Renhullic language|West Renhullic]], [[Limuan language|Limuan]] and X; and another X subdivisions, like [[Herithian language|Herithian]], that are now extinct.
 
5.32 billion people on Gentu, or 38% of the population, are native speakers of an Oranish language, the most significant in Gentu. X Oranish languages are still spoken today, with nearly half of them being [[Alaric languages]]. The [[Proto-Oranish language]], which has been linguistically reconstructed as having been spoken between the [[Novalithic Age|Novalithic]] and Early [[Bronze Age]], is the ancestor of all Oranish languages. Since Oranish had already developed into a number of languages that are now widely spoken over most of Oranland, the geographic origin of the language is uncertain.


== Language families ==
Additionally, the [[Orano-Hangic languages]] family is closely connected to the Oranish family.


=== Orano-Hangic ===
''TBA''
=== Juksanic ===
''TBA''
=== Plevo-Exoran ===
''TBA''
=== Meglimos ===
''TBA''
=== Harano-Rokan ===
''TBA''
=== Trimeshian ===
''TBA''
=== Horaponic ===
''TBA''
=== Kukanite ===
''TBA''
=== Atontec ===
''TBA''
=== Iolonan ===
''TBA''
=== language isolate ===
''TBA''
''TBA''
== Language endangerment ==
== Language endangerment ==


Line 34: Line 61:
| '''[[Neragese language|Neragese]]'''
| '''[[Neragese language|Neragese]]'''
| Neragese
| Neragese
| {{Collapsible list| title=2 countries| frame_style = border:none; padding: 0| list_style = text-align:left;display:none;| 1 = {{flag|Neragon}}|2 = {{flag|Philimania}}}}
| -
| -
| -
| -
| style="background:#C3EA9F | [[Oranish languages|Oranish]]
|-
| '''[[Veragese language|Veragese]]'''
| Vorkisch
| -
| -
| style="background:#C3EA9F | [[Oranish language|Oranish]]
| {{flag|Auralia}}
| -
| style="background:#C3EA9F | [[Oranish languages|Oranish]]
|-
|-
| '''[[Cavalan language|Cavalan]]'''
| '''[[Cavalan language|Cavalan]]'''
| Cavais
| Cavais
| {{flag|Cavala}} (and National language)
| {{flag|Cavala}}<br>(and national language)
| -
| -
| -
| -
| style="background:#C3EA9F | [[Oranish language|Oranish]]
| style="background:#C3EA9F | [[Oranish languages|Oranish]]
|-
|-
| '''[[Hestandan language|Hestandan]]'''
| '''[[Hestandan language|Hestandan]]'''
| Hestãndo
| Hestãndo
| {{flag|Paqueonia}}  
| {{flag|Paqueonia}}  
| -
| {{flag|Auralia}}
| {{flag|Paloa}}
| {{Collapsible list| title=2 countries| frame_style = border:none; padding: 0| list_style = text-align:left;display:none;| 1 = {{flag|Paloa}}|2 = {{flag|Philimania}}}}
| style="background:#C3EA9F | [[Oranish language|Oranish]]
| style="background:#C3EA9F | [[Oranish languages|Oranish]]
|-
|-
| '''[[Palon language|Palon]]'''
| '''[[Palon language|Palon]]'''
| Pâlo
| Palôvesa
| {{flag|Paloa}}  
| {{flag|Paloa}}  
| {{flag|Hoy Kok}}
| {{flag|Hoy Kok}}
| -
| -
| style="background:#C3EA9F | [[Oranish language|Oranish]]
| style="background:#C3EA9F | [[Oranish languages|Oranish]]
|-
|-
| '''[[Auralian language|Auralian]]'''
| '''[[Auralian language|Auralian]]'''
Line 65: Line 99:
| -
| -
| -
| -
| style="background:#C3EA9F | [[Oranish language|Oranish]]
| style="background:#C3EA9F | [[Oranish languages|Oranish]]
|-
|-
| '''[[Qiuese language|Qiuese]]'''
| '''[[Qiuese language|Qiuese]]'''
| 秋文
| 白話, 秋話
| {{flag|Hoy Kok}}  
| {{flag|Hoy Kok}}  
| -
| -
| -
| -
| style="background:#D3BB7C | [[Orano-Hangic language|Orano-Hangic]]
| style="background:#D3BB7C | [[Orano-Hangic languages|Orano-Hangic]]
|-
| '''[[Jaksan language|Jaksan]]'''
| {{MongolUnicode|ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ}} {{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠡᠯᠡ}}
| {{flag|Jukasa}}
| -
| -
| style="background:#CC708B | [[Juksanic languages|Juksanic]]
|-
| '''[[Sissatic language|Sissatic]]'''
| סיסטיש
| -
| {{flag|Jukasa}}
| -
| style="background:#6AC2CC | [[Plevo-Exoran languages|Plevo-Exoran]]
|-
| '''[[Juksan language|Juksan]]'''
| ཀྲུའུ་སྐད།
| -
| -
| {{flag|Jukasa}}
| style="background:#CC708B | [[Juksanic languages|Juksanic]]
|-
| '''[[Norish language|Norish]]'''
| Նոերեն
| -
| -
| {{flag|Jukasa}}
| style="background:#6AC2CC | [[Plevo-Exoran languages|Plevo-Exoran]]
|-
| '''[[Horpongo language|Horpongo]]'''
| 穂本語
| {{flag|Hoywako Horapon}}
| -
| -
| style="background:lightyellow | [[Horaponic languages|Horaponic]]
|-
| '''[[Kitsunese language|Kitsunese]]'''
| 狐話
| -
| -
| {{flag|Hoywako Horapon}}
| style="background:#D3BB7C | [[Orano-Hangic languages|Orano-Hangic]]
|}
|}
''TBA''
''TBA''

Latest revision as of 17:27, 31 December 2022

Languages spoken in Gentu are structured systems of communication. The structure of a language is its grammar and the free components are its vocabulary. Languages are the primary means of communication of humans, and can be conveyed through speech (spoken language), sign, or writing. Many languages, including the most widely-spoken ones, have writing systems that enable sounds or signs to be recorded for later reactivation. Human language is unique among the known systems of animal communication in that it is not dependent on a single mode of transmission (sight, sound, etc.), is highly variable between cultures and across time, and affords a much wider range of expression than other systems.

Estimates of the number of human languages in the world vary between X and X. Precise estimates depend on an arbitrary distinction (dichotomy) being established between languages and dialects. Natural languages are spoken, signed, or both; however, any language can be encoded into secondary media using auditory, visual, or tactile stimuli – for example, writing, whistling, signing, or braille. In other words, human language is modality-independent, but written or signed language is the way to inscribe or encode the natural human speech or gestures.

Currently, there are 11 major language families still in use. They include: Oranish, Orano-Hangic, Juksanic, Plevo-Exoran, Meglimos, Harano-Rokan, Trimeshian, Horaponic, and many others.

Language families

Gentu's languages can be grouped into families consisting of languages known to show a common ancestry. There are recognised to have been around many hundreds of language families most of which had went extinct before the invention of writing. At present, there are 11 major language families still in use while there dozens of language isolates.

Oranish

Main article: Oranish languages

Most of Oranland, the Limu mountain range, and Alabon are native home to the family of Oranish languages. Neragese, Cavalan, Palon, Hestandan, Veragese, and Seron are a few Oranish languages of this family that have spread due to colonization in the modern era and are currently spoken on other continents. The Oranish family is split into various branches or subfamilies, of which there are X groups with languages still in use today: Veragian, Alaric, Séanctish, East Renhullic, West Renhullic, Limuan and X; and another X subdivisions, like Herithian, that are now extinct.

5.32 billion people on Gentu, or 38% of the population, are native speakers of an Oranish language, the most significant in Gentu. X Oranish languages are still spoken today, with nearly half of them being Alaric languages. The Proto-Oranish language, which has been linguistically reconstructed as having been spoken between the Novalithic and Early Bronze Age, is the ancestor of all Oranish languages. Since Oranish had already developed into a number of languages that are now widely spoken over most of Oranland, the geographic origin of the language is uncertain.

Additionally, the Orano-Hangic languages family is closely connected to the Oranish family.

Orano-Hangic

TBA

Juksanic

TBA

Plevo-Exoran

TBA

Meglimos

TBA

Harano-Rokan

TBA

Trimeshian

TBA

Horaponic

TBA

Kukanite

TBA

Atontec

TBA

Iolonan

TBA

language isolate

TBA

Language endangerment

TBA

List of languages

Languages spoken in Gentu by native speakers
Language Native Name Official language National language Regional language Language family
Neragese Neragese
2 countries
 - - Oranish
Veragese Vorkisch -  Auralia - Oranish
Cavalan Cavais  Cavala
(and national language) 		- - Oranish
Hestandan Hestãndo  Paqueonia  Auralia
2 countries
 Oranish
Palon Palôvesa  Paloa  Hoy Kok - Oranish
Auralian Áuralliàn  Auralia - - Oranish
Qiuese 白話, 秋話  Hoy Kok - - Orano-Hangic
Jaksan ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ  Jukasa - - Juksanic
Sissatic סיסטיש -  Jukasa - Plevo-Exoran
Juksan ཀྲུའུ་སྐད། - -  Jukasa Juksanic
Norish Նոերեն - -  Jukasa Plevo-Exoran
Horpongo 穂本語  Hoywako Horapon - - Horaponic
Kitsunese 狐話 - -  Hoywako Horapon Orano-Hangic

TBA

Extinct languages

TBA


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