Cavala

2nd Republic of Cavala 2e République de Cavala (Cavalan)
Flag Emblem
Motto: "Vive le Cavala" "Long live Cavala"
Anthem: XXX
Location of Cavala (Green) in Oranland (Dark Grey)
Capital	Godfrey
Largest city	Moreux
Official language and national language	Cavalan
Ethnic groups (1998)	97.4% Cavalan 2.6% Others
Religion (1999)	63% Terranity 17.8% Hafan 13.1% No religion 6.1 Others
Demonym(s)	Cavalan
Government	Unitary semi-presidential republic
• President	Mathéo Vasseur
• Prime Minister	Alberte Jacquinot
Legislature	Parliament
• Upper house	Senate
• Lower house	Assembly of Deputes
Establishment
• Cavalan Revolutionary War	12 Kunnen 1812–28 Gunyana 1816
• Cavalan Republic established	1 Okjatab 1860
• Cavalan Empire established	27 Marto 1865
• Tebax Revolt	31 Tebax 1948
• Current constitution and 2nd Republic	2 Gunyana 1948
Area
• Total	422,633 km2 (163,180 sq mi) (XXX)
• Water (%)	0.85%
Population
• 1987 estimate	47,295,000 (XXX)
• 1994 census	48,392,100
• Density	114.5/km2 (296.6/sq mi) (XXX)
GDP (PPP)	1998 estimate
• Total	$4.391 trillion (XXX)
• Per capita	$48,329 (XXX)
GDP (nominal)	1999 estimate
• Total	$3.289 trillion (XXX)
• Per capita	$43,924 (XXX)
Gini (1996)	27.5 low (XXX)
HDI (1994)	0.854 very high (XXX)
Currency	Bilet (Ƀ) (BLT)
Time zone	MTS-9 (West Oranland Time)
Date format	dd-mm-yyyy
Driving side	right
Calling code	XXX
Internet TLD	.ca
Preceded by Cavalan Empire

Cavala, officially the 2nd Republic of Cavala (Cavalan: 2e République de Cavala), is a country in western Oranland. It also has overseas regions and territories in the Domicas and the Nullaric. Its main territories extends from the XXX river to the Ingentric and from the Zestoric to the Neragese Channel; overseas territories include Cavalan Iolana in Flonesia and many islands in South and North. Cavala borders XXX to the north, XXX and XXX to the south, and XXX to the east. Its 12 provinces span a combined area of 422,633 km²(163,180 sq mi) and over 48 million people (as of 1994). Cavala is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Godfrey, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre; other major urban areas include Moreux, Port-de-Gagnon, XXX, XXX, and XXX.

Inhabited since the Vetuslithic Age, the territory of what is now Cavala was settled by the Dordon people during the Bronze Age. Around the same time, the Calidum Empire founded the colony of Ganoia (present-day Port-de-Gagnon), on the shores of the Zestoric Sea. Around the 5th and 4th century BCE, small kingdoms would appear throughout the region the most well known of which are the kingdoms of Moredum, Hydorun, and Beslius. From 4 CE, to 300 CE, the Alarican Empire conquered the rest of modern day Cavala. Many cities were founded during Alarican control, including Moreum (present-day Moreux). Around 670 CE, the Ressen Empire conquered huge swaths of territory stretching from modern day XXX and XXX. However, the empire did not survive after the death of Wagner II in 795. Under the Treaty of Helmsburg, the empire was divided into East Ressen and West Ressen. In 921 CE, Terranity was formed as a religion that promoted peace in West Ressen then called the Veragese Collective as well as an alternative to Hafanism. As war was frequent in the collective, the religion appealed to the lower class population as they were the ones who had to suffer the most during the conflicts. The religion was despised by the upper class and some of the middle class. The Oranland War in the Veragese Collective saw many major battle. The Resurgence of Terranity in 1320 saw the conversion of many rulers in the collective. The Great Enlightenment in the Veragese Collective saw a spectacular cultural development and the first standardisation of the Cavalan language.

The Cavalan Revolutionary War occurred 1812. They united the southern Veragese principalities into the Cavalan Republic in 1816. Wary of Cavala's rapid expansion, the Anti-Cavalan Coalition led by the Principality of Serida and Seronia-Sotha was formed in 1816. This prompted the Great Coalition War from 1817 to 1820 in a Decisive Cavalan victory, managing to aquire 2 colonies in Flonesia and 4 in the Domicas. In 1848, war between Cavala and Paqueonia would break out resulting in the Peninsular War which ended in 1852 with the release of Paloa and some minor border changes between Cavala and Paqueonia. In 1871, 2 years after the last major war, the Grande Vitrine was held in Cavala. It was an international exhibition which took place in XXX, XXX, from 2 Kunnen to 16 Pulungana, 1871. It was the first in a series of World's Fairs, exhibitions of culture and industry that became popular in the 19th and early 20th century. TBA

Cavala retains its centuries-long status as a global centre of art, science and philosophy. It is the world's leading tourist destination, receiving over 102 million foreign visitors in 1998. Cavala is a developed country with the world's XXX-largest economy by nominal GDP and XXX-largest by PPP; in terms of household net income, it ranks XXX in the world. Cavala performs well in international rankings of education, health care, life expectancy and human development. It remains a great power in global affairs, being an official state with nuclear weaponry. Cavala is a founding and leading member of the Union of Realms as well as a key member of the Alfed-Riverend Defence Organization (ARDO) and the XXX.

Etymology

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History

Prehistory

One of the XXX paintings: a bison, approximately 19,000 years old.

The earliest trace of human civilization in modern day Cavala dates back to around 2.2 million years ago. Early hominids led a nomadic hunter-gatherer life. Cavala has a large number of decorated caves from the Vetuslithic Age, including one of most well preserved, XXX. After strong demographic and agricultural development between the 6th and 3rd millennia BCE, metallurgy appeared at the end of the 3rd millennium, initially working gold, copper and bronze, as well as later iron. Cavala has numerous megalithic sites from the Novalithic Age, most notable being the dense Fortuna stones site (approximately 3,400 BCE).

Ancient Era & Alarican control

Around the 23rd century BCE, the Calidum Empire founded the colony of Ganoia (present-day Port-de-Gagnon), on the shores of the Zestoric Sea. This makes it Cavala's oldest city. Around the same time, the Dordon people begun to settle the region.

In 1100 BCE, Calidum colonies in modern day Cavala were abandoned due to constant attacks by the Dordon people. At the same time, the Veragese people from the Hesterlon Peninsula migrated north gradually spreading through the rest of the country between the 11th and 5th century BCE and driving the Dordons north to modern day XXX.

Around the 5th and 4th century BCE, small kingdoms would appear throughout the region the most well known of which are the kingdoms of Moredum, Hydorun, and Beslius.

In 50 BCE, most former Calidum colonies in Cavala were claimed by the Pylosan Empire. However, Pylosan rule was shortlived, as the conclusion of the 1st, later 2nd Zestoric War saw the assimilation of many Pylosan colonies in the region by the Alaricans. From 4 CE, to 300 CE, the Alarican Empire conquered the rest of modern day Cavala. Many cities were founded during Alarican control, including Moreum (present-day Moreux), which is considered the capital of the region. These cities were built in traditional Alarican style, with aqueducts, theatres, gymnasiums, and bath complexes. Some cities also included libraries and shops, and marketplaces. The Veragese mixed with Alarican settlers and eventually adopted Alarican culture and Alarican speech (XXX, from which the Cavalan language and culture evolved).

From the 4th to early 5th century CE, the Empire faced many challenges in the form of attacks from native Oranland tribes from the northern region of Oranland. These attacks eventually led to the downfall of the empire in 500 CE as many tribes migrated and settled on former Alarican territory replacing them by the so-called barbarian kingdoms.

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Middle Era and Early Modern Age

The Ressen Empire right before the death of Wagner II in 795.

Around 670 CE, the Ressen Empire emerges under the reign of Wagner I. He conquering huge swaths of territory stretching from modern day XXX and XXX. However, the empire did not survive after the death of Wagner II in 795. Under the Treaty of Helmsburg, the empire was divided between Wagner's 2 sons, with East Ressen going to Wagner III, and West Ressen to Charles I.

During the 8th and 9th century CE, West Ressen became a very decentralised state: the nobility's titles and lands became hereditary, and the authority of the king became more religious than secular and thus was less effective and constantly challenged by powerful noblemen. Thus, the Veragese Collective was established: a group of unified principalities that acted as one large nation. Over time, some of the principalities would grow so powerful that they often posed a threat to the king. For example, after the War of the Long Knives in 1006, Graham the Great added "King of Sotha" to his titles, becoming both the subject to (as Prince of Lombard) and the equal of (as king of Sotha) the king of Veragon, creating recurring tensions.

In 921 CE, Terranity was formed as a religion that promoted peace in the Veragese Collective as well as an alternative to Hafanism. As war was frequent in the collective, the religion appealed to the lower class population as they were the ones who had to suffer the most during the conflicts. The religion was expectedly despised by the upper class and some of the middle class. Throughout the Middle Era, Terranists would be heavily persecuted in Veragon. Like the rest of Oranland, the Veragese Collective was struck by the Great Plague; half of the 21 million population of the Veragese Collective died.

The Oranland War in the Veragese Collective saw many major battle including the Battle of Bruno, Battle of Godfrey, and the Battle of Egon. The Resurgence of Terranity which begun in 1320 saw the conversion of many rulers in the collective, the first one to do so being Penrod von Serida. The Great Enlightenment in the Veragese Collective saw a spectacular cultural development and the first standardisation of the Cavalan language, which would become the language of Oranland's aristocracy.

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Revolutionary Cavala

The Industrial Revolution in Oranland brought about the first factory in 1768, which was a textile factory. Over the next few decades, more and more factories popped up in the countryside resulting in the creation of new settlements which in turn led to the foundation of a more complex social hierarchy. However, these new changes also introduced a larger wealth gap throughout Gentu. Resulting in the rich getting richer and the poor getting poorer. Because of this, the new Volkist ideology developed in the southern principalities of the Veragese Collective.

This would lead to the Cavalan Revolutionary War in 1812. Inspired by the Chokaw's war, they united the southern Veragese principalities into the Cavalan Republic in 1816. Wary of Cavala's rapid expansion, the Anti-Cavalan Coalition led by the Principality of Serida and Seronia-Sotha was formed in Kunnen of 1816. This prompted the Great Coalition War in 1817 which ended in 1820 in a Decisive Cavalan victory, managing to aquire 2 colonies in Flonesia and 4 in the Domicas.

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19th century

In 1848, war between Cavala and Paqueonia would break out resulting in the Peninsular War which ended in 1852 with the release of Paloa and some minor border changes between Cavala and Paqueonia.

In 1871, 2 years after the last major war, the Grande Vitrine was held in Cavala. It was an international exhibition which took place in XXX, XXX, from 2 Kunnen to 16 Pulungana, 1871. It was the first in a series of World's Fairs, exhibitions of culture and industry that became popular in the 19th and early 20th century. Modern historians such as XXX believe that without the emergence of World's Fairs, then the Contemporary Age would have been drastically different then what we recognise.

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Contemporary Age

Jean-Pierre Lazard was the Prime Minister of the Cavalan Empire from 1903 to 1918.

The early 20th century challenged the faltering Cavalan monarchy with a number of existential and social crises. Frustrated by parliament’s inability to solve the economic and political issues plaguing the empire, General Néo Couvreur establishes a military dictatorship in Hunyo of 1895 with the backing of King José VI, Néo Couvreur’s regime alleviated unemployment and improved infrastructures. However, his regime did not last long as a train accident in Memesa of 1900 resulted in his demise at St Roteaux Hospital in Godfrey the same month. A conservative win in the 1900 Cavalan general election heralded the “L’Années Sombre”, marked by political, violence, and paramilitary action. In 1903, a coup occurred, replacing the Conservative Party with the Fierté Nationale under Jean-Pierre Lazard. After fending off counter-coups, the situation stabilised.

In 1918, the Great War begun and blah blah blah

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Geography

Physical geography and Climate

Topographic map of Cavala.

Climate map of Cavala.

Île-de-
Noir

Runville

Bassera

Le-
Grand-
Godfrey

Balada

Viejaune

Casque

Serida-
Reynar

Cavais-
Sothie

Louterra

Theodora

Gagnon

The physical geography of Cavala consists of a terrain that is mostly flat plains or gently rolling hills in the north, east and west; and mountainous in the south which includes the Surmonté mountains. Cavala has a total size of 422,633 km² (163,180 sq mi). It is the XXX largest country in Gentu by area and the XXX largest in Oranland. The tallest point in Cavala is Mount Sudist standing at 1,391 metres.

Cavala is relatively large, so the climate is not uniform, giving rise to the following climate nuances:

• The oceanic climate (Cfb) is found around the coasts of the country and in most inland regions. Summers are pleasantly warm and wet, while winters are cool and damp.

• The humid subtropical climate (Cfa) is found in the interior plains and at low mountainous regions of Cavala. Summers are hot and humid, while winters are cool to mild.

• The warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb) is found in all the mountainous regions of the southern half of Cavala between 300 and 500 metres. Summers are pleasantly warm and wet, while winters are very cold and snowy.

Climate change in Cavala includes above average heating.

Environment

Cavala was 1 of the first nations in Gentu to create an environment ministry in 1969. According to the 1998 Environmental Protection Index conducted by XXX, Cavala was the XXX-most environmentally-conscious country in the world, at 66.3 out of 100.

Like all ARDO member states, Cavala agreed to cut carbon emissions by at least 30% of 1980 levels by 2000, compared to XXX plan to reduce emissions by 5% of 1980 levels. As of 1999, Cavalan carbon dioxide emissions per capita were lower than that of XXX. The country was set to impose a carbon tax in 1999 at 17 bilets per tonne of carbon emitted, which would have raised 4 billion bilets of revenue annually. However, the plan was abandoned due to fears of burdening Cavalan businesses.

Forests account for 49 percent of Cavala's land area. Cavalan forests are some of the most diverse in Oranland, comprising more than 120 species of trees. There are 5 national parks and 34 natural parks in Cavala, with the government planning to convert 20% of its territorial waters into a Marine protected area by 2010. The parks foster ecological research programmes and public education in the natural sciences.

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Administrative divisions

The 2nd Republic of Cavala is divided into 12 provinces. The provinces are further subdivided into 40 counties. The counties are in turn, subdivided into 171 conteurs. The provinces, counties and conteurs are possess local assemblies as well as an executive.

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Government

Mathéo Vasseur President	Alberte Jacquinot Prime Minister

Cavala is a representative democracy organised as a unitary, semi-presidential republic. The Constitution of the 2nd Republic was approved by referendum on 2 Gunyana 1948, establishing a framework consisting of executive, legislative and judicial branches. It sought to address the instability of the Cavalan Empire by combining elements of both parliamentary and presidential systems, whilst greatly strengthening the authority of the executive relative to the legislature.

The executive branch has 2 heads, the President of Cavala, currently Mathéo Vasseur as the head of state, elected directly by universal adult suffrage for a 7-year term. The Prime Minister of Cavala, Alberte Jacquinot is the head of government, also elected directly by universal adult suffrage for a 7-year term to lead the Government of Cavala. the President also appoints judges and civil servants, negotiates and ratifies international agreements, as well as serves as commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces. The Prime Minister determines public policy and oversees the civil service, with an emphasis on domestic matters. In the 1997 presidential election, president Vasseur was re-elected.

The legislature comprises of the Cavalan Parliament, a bicameral body comprising a lower house, the Assembly of Deputes (Assemblée des députés) and an upper house, the Senate. Legislators in the Assembly of Deputes, represent the 40 counties and are directly elected for 6-year terms. The Assembly has the power to dismiss the government by majority vote. Senators are chosen by an electoral college for 10-year terms, with half the seats submitted to election every 5 years. The Senate's legislative powers are limited; in the event of disagreement between the two chambers, the Assembly has the final say. The parliament is responsible for determining the rules and principles concerning most areas of law, political amnesty, and fiscal policy; however, the government may draft the specific details concerning most laws.

The electorate is constitutionally empowered to vote on amendments passed by the Parliament and bills submitted by the president. Referendums have played a key role in shaping Cavalan politics and even foreign policy; voters have decided on such matters as the election of the president by popular vote, the joining of ARDO, and the reduction of presidential term limits.

Law

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Foreign relations

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Military

Clockwise from top left: a Venue A3 aircraft; a Meltra tank; the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier La République; a Victorieux-class submarines.

The Cavalan Armed Forces (Forces armées cavais) are the military and paramilitary force of Cavala under the President of Cavala as supreme commander. They consist of the Cavalan Army (Armée de terre cavais), Cavalan Navy (Armée de mer cavais), Cavalan Air Force (Armée de l'air cavais), Cavalan Space Force (Armée spatiale cavais), and the Cavalan National Police (Police nationale cavais), which also fulfils civil police duties in the rural areas of Cavala. According to a 1998 study by XXX, the Cavalan Armed Forces are ranked as Gentu's XXX-most powerful military, and the XXX-most powerful in Oranland. As far as the Cavalan intelligence units are concerned, the Agency of Intelligence and External Threats (Agence du renseignement et des menaces extérieures) is considered to be a component of the Armed Forces under the authority of the Ministry of Defense. In 1996, a law to ban national conscription was passed making Cavala the last one in western Oranland to do so.

Cavala is a permanent member of the Security Council of the VR, and a recognised state with nuclear weaponry since 1963. Cavala's annual military expenditure in 1998 was $69.5 billion, or 1.5% of its GDP, making it the XXX biggest military spender in Gentu after XXX. Cavalan nuclear deterrence, (formerly known as "Force de dissuasion nucléaire"), relies on complete independence. The current French nuclear force consists of 7 Victorieux-class submarines equipped with submarine-launched ballistic missiles. In addition to the submarine fleet, it is estimated that Cavala has about 93 MAT mid-range air-to-land missiles with nuclear warheads, of which around 32 are deployed by the Air and Space Force using the Souhaits 4X long-range nuclear strike aircraft, while around 51 are deployed by the Cavalan Navy's Après-Choc Modernisé (ACM) attack aircraft, which operate from the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier La République. The new Venue A3 aircraft will gradually replace all Souhaits 4X and ACM in the nuclear strike role.

Cavala has major military industries with one of the largest aerospace industries in the world. Its industries have produced such equipment as the Venue fighter, the La République aircraft carrier, the Atieau missile and the Meltra tank among others. Cavala is a major arms seller, with most of its arsenal's designs available for the export market with the notable exception of nuclear-powered devices.

Cavala has consistently developed its cybersecurity capabilities, which are regularly ranked as some of the most robust of any nation in Gentu.

Economy

The central provinces of Cavala are characterized by their vast wheat farms.

Cavala has developed, high-income mixed economy. For roughly 1 century, the Cavalan economy has consistently ranked among the XXX largest globally; it is currently the world's XXX-largest by purchasing power parity at $4.391 trillion, and the XXX-largest by nominal GDP at $3.289 trillion. According to the Union of Realms, Cavala is ranked XXX in GDP per capita, with roughly $44,000 per inhabitant. It placed XXX in the Human Development Index. Political corruption is among the highest in Gentu, with Cavala consistently ranking among the 50 most corrupt countries since the Political Corruption Index began in 1978 at 69.3 out of 100; it placed XXX as of 2000, down one place from the previous year. Cavala is Oranland's second-largest spender in research and development, at over 4 percent of GDP; globally, it ranks XXXth. The Caalan economy is considerably open, although the state still owns considerable shares in key industries related to the energy, telecommunications and transport.

Cavala's economy is highly diversified, the sevices sector represents 62.4% of both the workforce and GDP, while the industrial sector accounts for 30.2% of GDP and a similar proportion of employment. Roughly 7% of GDP is generated by the primary sector, namely agriculture. However, Cavala's agricultural sector is among the largest in value and leads the Oranland Trade Union in terms of overall production; it is highly concentrated in the production of diary products, pork, beef, fruits and vegetables and wine, which is a nationally protected product. The central provinces of Cavala are characterized by large wheat farms, while coastal, greener regions count with a higher presence of farms. The services sector is based around banking and finances, in which the state plays an important role with saving banks. The sector sees large contributions from tourism seeing around 102 million foreign visitors in 1998 which is why it is regarded as a crucial portion of the economy of some Cavalan provinces.

In 1998, Cavala was the XXX-largest trading nation in the world and the XXX-largest in Oranland, with the value of exports representing over two-seventh of GDP. Its membership in the Oranland Trade Union facilitate access to capital, goods, services, and skilled labour. Despite protectionist policies over certain industries, particularly in agriculture, Cavala has generally played a leading role in fostering free trade and commercial integration in Oranland in order to enhance its economy. In 1999, it ranked XXXth in Oranland and XXXth in globally in foreign direct investment, with Oranish countries being leading sources. According to the Bank of Cavala, the leading recipients of FDI were manufacturing, real estate, finance and insurance. Le-Grand-Godfrey province has the highest concentration of multinational firms in Oranland.

Agriculture

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Tourism

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Energy

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Transport

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Science and Technology

Replica of the earliest known version of the spinning frame.

Since the early Modern Era, Cavala and its predecessors has been a major contributor to scientific and technological achievement. In the mid 18th century, Fabien Cartier invented the spinning frame ushering in the Industrial Revolution. The University of Godfrey, founded in the early 19th century, is still one of the most important academic institutions in Gentu. In the 17th century, Hector Dimont became famous for his work on probability and fluid mechanics; both were key figures of the Great Enlightenment, which blossomed in Oranland during this period. The Saint Charles Institution of Science, founded in the late-16th century by Léo von Runburg to encourage and protect Runburg scientific research, was one of the earliest national scientific institutions in history; it was at the forefront of scientific developments in Oranland for the next few centuries.

Famous Cavalan scientists includes the mathematician and physicist Théodore Gueguen, physicists Frank Bessette, and virologist Lou Plantier who discovered the Jenivert virus. Their researches practically gave birth to standardized engineering education and mechanics in Cavala, their works are used in numerous universities worldwide. Leg transplantation was developed in Veerla in 1997 by a team of scientists from XXX and Cavala that included Nathan Jacquier who afterward performed the first successful double leg transplant. The most well known Cavalan biologist is Abel Baudelaire, known for his research into foodborne germs and the discovery of Baudelaire's bacteria in 1884.

Cavala is the XXX country to aquire nuclear weaponry in 1963 and has the XXX largest nuclear arsenal in Gentu. Cavala was the XXX nation after XXX to launch its own satellite. Cavala is also a founding member of the Oranland Space Organization (OSO) alongside XXX, contributing over a quarter of the organization's budget, the most of any member state. The Cavalan space programme, CCRS, is the XXX oldest in Gentu. Autovolant a leading aerospace company and the world's largest airline manufacturer, was formed and based in Cavala.

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Demographics

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Ethnic groups

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Major cities

Cavala is a highly urbanised country, with its largest cities by population (including metropolitan area population) being Godfrey (13,259,283 population), Moreux (9,874,242), Port-de-Gagnon (4,756,296), Veerla (1,284,642), Libtrud (1,164,550), Rotraud (1,093,146), Lombarda (1,010,365), Richville (974,934), Eloise (763,645) and Grasbourg (705,677). Rural flight was a perennial political issue throughout most of the 20th century.

Largest cities or towns in Cavala 1997 census
	Rank		Province	Pop.	Rank		Province	Pop.
Godfrey Moreux	1	Godfrey	Le-Grande-Godfrey	3,245,323	11	Legerville	Runville	207,952	Port-de-Gagnon Veerla
	2	Moreux	Viejaune	1,246,315	12	Brumeux	Theodora	186,361
	3	Port-de-Gagnon	Gagnon	754,552	13	Boulebourg	Balada	177,465
	4	Veerla	Cavais-Sothie	694,268	14	Saint-Mouvrer	Serida-Reynar	175,682
	5	Libtrud	Viejaune	540,623	15	Platville	Gagnon	170,735
	6	Rotraud	Cavais-Sothie	321,644	16	Hautélevé	Theodora	159,784
	7	Lombarda	Balada	256,313	17	Verlebas	Runville	156,090
	8	Richville	Louterra	242,844	18	Mîldupas	Casque	152,003
	9	Eloise	Balada	240,150	19	Genpherie	Île-de-Noir	149,952
	10	Grasbourg	Casque	231,581	20	Goudeaux	Balada	149,253

Language

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Religion

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Health

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Education

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Culture

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Art

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Architecture

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Literature

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Philosophy

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Music and Cinema

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Cuisine

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Fashion

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Media

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Sports

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