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[[Category:Kylaris]][[Category:Cassier]]{{Region icon Kylaris}}{{Infobox country
[[Category:Kylaris]][[Category:Cassier]][[Category:Countries (Kylaris)]]{{Region icon Kylaris}}{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Republic of Cassier
|conventional_long_name = Republic of Cassier
|native_name =      République de Cassier
|native_name =      République de Cassier
Line 7: Line 7:
|image_flag =        Flag_of_Cassier.png
|image_flag =        Flag_of_Cassier.png
|alt_flag                    =  
|alt_flag                    =  
|image_coat                  = Armoiries du Québec (1867-1939).svg
|image_coat                  = Cassien coat of arms.png
|alt_coat                    =  
|alt_coat                    =  
|symbol_type                = Coat of Arms
|symbol_type                = Coat of Arms
|national_motto =    "''A Mari Usque Ad Mare''" <small>(Solarian)</small>
|national_motto =    "''A Mari Usque Ad Mare''" <small>(Solarian)</small>
<small>"From Sea to Sea"</small>
<small>"From Sea to Sea"</small>
|national_anthem =  [[Ô Cassier]]<br>[[File:MediaPlayer.png|link=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zcHBScDLXoc|200px]]
|national_anthem =  Ô Cassier<br> [[File:MediaPlayer.png|link=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zcHBScDLXoc|200px]]
|image_map =          [[File:Cassier orthographic projection - thumbnail.png]]
|image_map =          Cassier orthographic NEW.png
|map_width            = 250
|alt_map =            <!--alt text for map-->
|alt_map =            <!--alt text for map-->
|map_caption =        Cassier (dark green).
|map_caption =         
|image_map2 =        <!--Another map, if required-->
|image_map2 =        <!--Another map, if required-->
|alt_map2 =          <!--alt text for second map-->
|alt_map2 =          <!--alt text for second map-->
|map_caption2 =      <!--Caption to place below second map-->
|map_caption2 =      <!--Caption to place below second map-->
|capital =            [[Nouvelle-Rayenne]]
|capital =            [[Nouvelle-Rayenne| New Rayenne]]
|largest_city =      Andade
|largest_city =      [[Andade]]
|official_languages = Gaullican
|official_languages = {{wp|French language|Gaullican}}
|national_languages =
|national_languages =
|regional_languages =  
|regional_languages =  
|ethnic_groups = Euclean group (76.9%)<br />Coiusian group (15.9%)<br />Aboriginal group (4.9%)<br />Badawiyan group (1.5%)<br />Other (0.8%)<br />
|demonym =            Cassien
|demonym =            Cassien
|government_type =    Federal parliamentary constitutional republic
|government_type =    {{wp|Federal parliamentary republic}}
|leader_title1 =      President
|leader_title1 =      President
|leader_name1 = Jean Tremblay
|leader_name1 =       Jean Tremblay
|legislature =        Parlemant
|leader_title2 =      Executive Minister
|upper_house =        Sénat
|leader_name2 =      Samuel Cloutier
|lower_house =        Chambre des communes
|legislature =        National Assembly
|upper_house =        Chamber of Deputies
|lower_house =        Chamber of Representatives
|sovereignty_type            = Independence from [[Gaullica]]
|sovereignty_note            =
|established_event1 = Formation
|established_event1 = Formation
|established_date1 =  July 1, 1757
|established_date1 =  July 1, 1821
|established_event2 = Declaration of Independence
|established_event2 = Declaration of Independence
|established_date2 = October 14, 1920
|established_date2 = October 14, 1936
|area_rank =  
|area_rank                   =  
|area_magnitude =  
|area_magnitude             =
|area =              <!--Major area size (in [[Template:convert]] either km2 or sqmi first)-->
|area_km2                   = 9,351,991.04
|population_estimate = 39,889,032*
|area_sq_mi                 =  
|area =              <!--Major area size (in [[Template:convert]] either km2 or sqmi first)-->
|area_footnote               =  
|area_km2 =           X,XXX,XXX
|percent_water               =
|area_sq_mi =         <!--Area in square mi (requires area_km2)-->
|area_label                 =  
|area_footnote =     <!--Optional footnote for area-->
|area_dabodyalign            =
|percent_water =  
|population_estimate        =  
|area_label =         <!--Label under "Area" (default is "Total")-->
|population_estimate_rank   =
|area_label2 =       <!--Label below area_label (optional)-->
|population_estimate_year   =  
|area_data2 =     
|population_census           = {{increase}} 39,889,032
|population_estimate_year = 2018
|population_census_year     = 2018
|population_census =  
|population_density_km2     = 4.24
|population_census_year =  
|population_density_sq_mi   =
|population_density_km2 = 5.52
|population_density_rank    =
|population_density_sq_mi =
|GDP_PPP                    = {{increase}} $1.952 trillion
|GDP_nominal = $1.627 trillion
|GDP_PPP_rank                =
|GDP_nominal_year = 2018
|GDP_PPP_year                = 2021
|GDP_nominal_per_capita = $41,000
|GDP_PPP_per_capita          = {{increase}} $48,946
|HDI =                         0.926
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank    =  
|HDI_year = 2018
|GDP_nominal                 = {{increase}} $1.627 trillion
|currency =           Cassien Franc (F)
|GDP_nominal_rank            =
(CAF)
|GDP_nominal_year           = 2021
|time_zone =         <!--e.g. GMT, PST, AST, etc, etc (wikilinked if possible)-->
|GDP_nominal_per_capita     = {{increase}} $40,788
|utc_offset =         <!--in the form "+N", where N is number of hours offset-->
|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =
|date_format =       dd-mm-yyyy
|Gini                        = 33.8
|drives_on =         right
|Gini_rank                  =
|cctld =             .ca
|Gini_change                = decrease
|calling_code =       +1
|Gini_year                  = 2021
|Gini_category              =
|HDI                         = 0.929
|HDI_rank                    =
|HDI_year                   = 2021
|HDI_change                  = increase
|HDI_category                =  
|currency                   = Cassien denier (Ð)
|currency_code              = CAD
|time_zone                   = UTC+7 to +12
|utc_offset                 =
|time_zone_DST              =
|antipodes                  =
|date_format                 = {{abbr|yyyy|year}}-{{abbr|mm|month}}-{{abbr|dd|day}}
|DST_note                    =
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|drives_on                   = right
|cctld                       = .ca
|iso3166code                = CA
|calling_code               = +3
|image_map3                  =
|alt_map3                    =
|footnotes                  =
|footnote1                  =
|footnote2                  =
}}
}}


'''Cassier''', officially the '''Republic of Cassier''' (Gaullican: République de Cassier) is a country in the northern part of [[Asteria Superior]]. Its provinces and territories extend from the Vehemens Ocean to the Lumine Ocean and northward into the Florian Ocean, covering X.XX million square kilometres, making it the world's largest country in total area. Cassier shares its southern border with [[Halland]], [[Nuxica]], and [[Chervolesia]]. Cassier's capital is Nouevelle-Rayenne, and its three largest metropolitan areas are Andade, Sainte-Marie, and Barnier.


As a whole, Cassier is sparsely populated, the majority of its land area being dominated by forest and tundra. Cassier's population is primarily centered around urban centers in the south, with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities. Cassier's climate varies widely across its vast area, ranging from arctic weather in the north, to hot summers in the southern regions, with four distinct seasons.
'''Cassier''', officially the '''Republic of Cassier''' ({{wp|French language|Gaullican}}: ''République de Cassier''), is a country in northern [[Asteria Superior]]. It shares borders with [[Rizealand]] to the southwest and [[Chistovodia]] to the southeast. The country's ten provinces and territories encompass an area of 9,351,991 square kilometres (3,610,823.93 sq mi), making it the largest country in the [[Kylaris|world]]. Cassier is a {{wp|Parliamentary republic|parliamentary republic}}, and the parliament elects the {{wp|Head of government|head of government}}, the Executive Minister. The President is acts as Cassier's {{wp|Head of state|head of state}}, and serves a mostly supervisiory and representative role in government. Cassier has a population of approximately 39,889,032 people, the fifth largest in Asteria Superior. Its capital city is [[Nouvelle-Rayenne|New Rayenne]] and its largest city is [[Andade]]. Other important  urban areas include [[Sainte-Marie]], [[New Sylvagne|Bellevue]], [[Montagne|Barnier]], [[Katepas|Bougainville]], and [[Monbec|Monbec City]].


Various indigenous peoples have inhabited what is now Cassier for thousands of years before Euclean colonization. Beginning in the 16th century, [[Estmere| Estmerian]] and [[Gaullica|Gaullican]] expeditions explored and later settled along the west coast. Gaullica would come to colonize and control much of what is today western Cassier, and by 1757 the nation would be officially consolidated as a colony of Gaullica. Cassier embarked on a vigorous expansion across Asteria Superior throughout the 19th century, acquiring new territories, displacing native Asterian tribes, and gradually admitting new provinces until it spanned the continent by 1849. By the end of the century, Cassier had extended across much of Asteria Superior, and its economy, driven in large part by the Industrial Revolution, began to soar. Cassier would not become a fully independent nation until the Declaration of Independence (Gaullican: Déclaration d'indépendance) was officially ratified by the Cassien National Assembly on October 14, 1920 which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on Gaullica.
Indigenous cultures inhabited Cassier for thousands of years before Euclean discovery and colonization. The first confirmed explorer from the Old World was [[Rahelia|Rahelian]] navigator [[Assim Asteris]], who landed on Île d'Édouard, [[Terre-Belle]] in 1488. [[Gaullica]] came to to control much of western Cassier during the 16th century, establishing colonies in a region they named “New Gaullica" (Gaullican: ''Nouvelle-Gaullice''), a name which was later applied to the [[Viceroyalty of New Gaullica]]. In 1757, the Continental Decree transformed the Gaullican-majority colonies within New Gaullica into provinces. After the Asterian War of Secession and the Beaver Wars, these provinces were consolidated into the [[Dominion of Cassier]] following the implimentation [[Monbec Accords]] in 1821. During the latter half of the 18th-century Cassier entered a period of eastward expansion across Asteria Superior, reaching its greatest in 1899. As time passed and Cassier obtained became increasingly self-governing, Cassier's culture and politics diverged from those of the metropole. External events and growing divisions between Cassier and Gaullica in the early 19th century culminated in Cassier declaring its independence on October 14, 1936, followed shortly after by the establishment of its current republican government.


Cassier is a federal republic and a representative democracy within a parliamentary system. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, and education. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Cassier's long and complex relationship with neighbouring Asterian states has had a significant impact on its economy and culture.
Cassier is a {{wp|Parliamentary republic|parliamentary republic}} and a {{wp|Liberal democracy|liberal democracy}}, with three branches of government, a president who acts as head of state, and an executive minister who serves as the head of government. It is a global leader in metrics such as education, {{wp|Economic freedom|economic freedom}}, personal and civil liberties, quality of life, and {{wp|Human Development Index|human development}}. Cassier’s complex and often tumultuous history with other nations has had a significant impact on its economy, politics, and culture. Immigration from many other countries and a resurgence of indigenous influences has made Cassier one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations.  


A developed country, Cassier has among the highest nominal per capita income globally as well as one of the highest rankings in the Human Development Index. Its advanced economy is one of largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade networks. Cassier is part of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the [[International Council for Democracy]]. Since its independence Cassier has maintained a policy of armed neutrality; avoiding involvement in international wars while possessing a strong deterrent force to ward off potential aggressors. Despite this, Cassier has been in global efforts in peacekeeping and delivering foreign aid, being a part of an the founder of many humanitarian and international organizations.
Cassier is a highly {{wp|Developed country|developed country}} with an advanced economy. It ranks above average economically, having the fifteenth-largest economy by {{wp|Gross domestic product|gross domestic product}}, and the seventeenth-largest by {{wp|Purchasing power parity|purchasing power parity}}. Cassier is highly reliant upon the exportation of natural resources, its scientific and technological sectors, and commerce over well-developed international trade networks. It is an active participant in many intergovernmental institutions including the [[Community of Nations]] and the [[International Federation of the Blue Crystal Movement]], and has historically been a major contributor for international {{wp|Peacekeeping|peacekeeping}}, {{wp|Humanitarian aid|humanitarian efforts}}, and {{wp|Sustainable development|sustainable development}}. Cassier is a member several international organizations such as the [[Association of Gaullophone States|Gaullophonie]], [[Organization of Asterian Nations|OAN]], and [[NVO]], amongst others, and has recently sought to form closer ties with other Asterian and democratic nations.  


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
While a variety of theories have been postulated for the etymological origins of Cassier, the name is now accepted as coming from the Kanosoni word ''kaska'', a borrowing from the Kwadacha language meaning "black bird people". In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present day Sainte-Marie region used the word to direct Gaullican explorer [[Rogerin Dummont]] northwards and up the Saint Marcus river to the regions were the Kaska peoples lived. Though Dummont never reached the tribe due to poor conditions and geography he later used the word "Cassier" to refer not only to the lands of the Kwadacha tribe but to the entire northern reaches of Asteria Superior. By 1545, Euclean books and maps had begun referring to the whole of the region along the Saint Marcus River as Cassier.
Cassier is generally accepted to be derived from the {{wp|St. Lawrence Iroquoians|St. Marcus Ganonsyoni}} word ''Kaska''; a borrowing from the Casca-Dena people from the Dene Zágé language. The indigenous inhabitants near what is now Sainte-Marie used it while directing explorer [[Rogerin Dumont]], who interpretted it as ''Cassia'' in order to describe the eastern interior of New Gaullica. Cartographers gradually altered its location towards the St. Marcus River, as well as adjusting its modern orthography to "Cassier".  


From the 16th to the early 18th century "Cassier" referred to the part of Nouvelle-Gaullica that lay along the Saint Marcus River. In 1740, the area became two Gaullican colonies called Upper Cassier and Lower Cassier collectively named the Cassiers. Upon formation on July 1, 1757, Cassier was adopted as the legal name for the whole of Gaullica's northernmost possessions in Asteria Superior at the Verlois Conference, and the word Domain was conferred as the country's title. On October 14, 1920, the term Domain was officially discarded according to the Declaration of Independence with the official title of Cassier becoming "Republic". The newly established government under its first president [[Wilfrid Édouard]] declared that the nation's official title would officially be the "Republic of Cassier".  
Cassier entered official use after the reorginization of the [[Captaincy of Saint Marcus]] into the Prefecture of Cassier in 1641. This prefecture was eventually split in two; Upper Cassier and Lower Cassier, collectively known as ''the Cassiers''. During this period period, "Cassier" exclusively referred to two prefectures and did not include the other prefectures and provinces of New Gaullica, particularly Chicadia, Terre-Belle, or Beaumont. The Monbec Accords united all of these New Gaullican provinces into the [[Dominion of Cassier]] in 1821. Following its independence from Gaullica in 1936 the nation would adopt the ''Republic of Cassier'' as its official legal title.


==History==
==History==


===Indigenous peoples===
===Indigenous peoples===
Indigenous peoples in present-day Cassier include the First Nations, Boréaliens, and Métis, the last being a mixed-blood people who originated in the mid-17th century when First Nations and Boréalien people married Euclean settlers. The term "Aboriginal" as a collective noun is a specific term of art used in some legal documents, including within the Cassien constitution.
[[File:Cassier indigenous.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Linguistic areas of Cassien Indigenous peoples at the time of Euclean contact.]]
The original inhabitants of Cassier encompass a broad assortment of different groups and cultures. Several nouns are commonly used in Cassien legal documents or in popular speech such as “aboriginal”, “indigenous”, and “native” which describe Cassier’s original inhabitants collectively and are used interchangeably. Meanwhile, First Nation, Borealian, and Metis refer to a specific group of indigenous peoples and are not used interchangeably.


The native population at the time of the first Euclean settlements is estimated to have been between 300,000 and three million, with a figure of 800,000 generally being accepted by Cassier's Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. As a consequence of Euclean colonization, the population of Cassier's indigenous peoples declined by forty to eighty percent, and several First Nations, such as the Terre-Neuve islanders, disappeared entirely. The decline is attributed to several causes, including the transfer of diseases to which they had no natural immunity, conflicts over the fur trade or with colonial authorities and settlers, and the loss of land that caused a subsequent collapse of several nations' self-sufficiency.
The indigenous population at the time of Euclean discovery is estimated to have been between one and four million. Colonization directly contributed to a dramatic decline of Cassier’s indigenous population by as much as eighty percent. This is attributed to several factors including the transfer of diseases, conflicts with Euclean settlers or other indigenous groups, and a loss of self-sufficiency due to land seizures by the colonial and later Cassien governments.


Although not without conflict, early Euclean interactions with First Nations and Boréalien populations were relatively peaceful. First Nations and Métis peoples played a critical part in the development of Euclean colonies in Cassier, particularly for their role in assisting Euclean coureur des bois and voyageurs in the exploration of the continent during the Asterian Superior fur trade. Gaullica and indigenous peoples began interactions during the Euclean colonization period, though the Boréaliens, in general, had more limited interaction with Euclean settlers due to their geographic isolation. However, from the late 18th century, colonial authorities forced indigenous peoples to assimilate into Cassien culture. These attempts reached a climax in the late 19th and early 20th centuries when several forced integration and relocations caused many indigenous tribes to abandon their birth cultures and languages. A period of redress is underway, which started with the appointment of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission by the government of Cassier in 2008.
Euclean interactions with indigenous peoples were relatively peaceful during the initial period of colonization. Indigenous aid and assistance was highly sought after by Eucleans, particularly among fur traders during the 16th and 17th centuries. Unions between Eucleans and indigenous women resulted in the first Metis; individuals with mixed-race heritage. Borealian groups were isolated from early Euclean settlement due to geographic distance and the harsher environment they inhabited. In what is widely considered to be a genocide colonial and Cassien authorities actively sought the assimilation or elimination of Cassier's indigenous peoples. First Nations, Metis, and Borealians were subjected to widespread sterilization, mass relocations to reservations, and cultural suppression which continued until as recently as 1988. Though indigenous languages and cultures have seen a resurgence in the 21st century widespread discrimination continues to be an issue into the contemporary.


===Euclean colonization===
===Euclean colonization===
The first Eucleans to settle in Cassier were [[Ghailles|Ghaillish]] mariners from [[Caldia]] who established seasonal outposts along the west coast in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. These settlers were confined to short lived seasonal settlements and forts along the coast due to Cassier’s harsher environment and geography compared to other lands further south. The first major Euclean settlements were be established shortly after Gaullican explorer Rogerin Dumont’s first expedition to Cassier. Upon discovering the St. Marcus River in 1534, Dumont would erect a 10 meter cross bearing the words “Long Live the Queen of Gaullica” and claiming the land he named New Gaullica (Gaullican: ''Nouvelle-Gaullice'') for [[List_of_Gaullican_Monarchs#Odeseaux_Dynasty|Queen Anne the Financer]].
Dumont returned to Asteria Superior in 1535 to establish a permanent Gaullican presence in the region. He founded [[Fort Saint-Marcus]], [[Saint-Charles]], and other outposts along Cassier's western coast, which helped to facilitate the Gaullican colonization of the region. Euclean activity intensified as Gaullican explorers, such as [[Nathan de Beaumont]], ventured into further into the interior. The discovery of precious mineral deposits and arialble land helped to encourage settlement efforts in New Gaullica. Due to the vast geographic size of the viceroyalty, the Gaullican colonies were reorganized into self-administrating prefectures beginning in the 1640s. These developments coincided with the outbreak of the [[Fur Wars]] (1644 - 1699), a series of overlapping conflicts which saw native tribes and Gaullican colonists fight with and against each other for territorial and economic reasons.
[[File:Cassier 1710.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Map of Gaullican territorial claims in Asteria Superior in 1710. Possessions of New Gaullica (blue), Estmere (red), disputed territory (purple).]]
With a climate unsuited for growing cash crops, the New Gaullica economy was oriented towards resource extraction, agriculture and maritime activities. The imperial census of 1665 reported the viceroyalty's Euclean population to be roughly 30,000 people; far smaller compared to the other Euclean colonies in the Asterias. Although measures such as the [[1680 Settlement Decree]] sought to grow the New Gaullican population through incentives and explusions, New Gaullica's population continued to lag significantly behind its neighbours. This began to change following the [[Gilded Wars]] in 1721, which saw the annexation and incorporation of the former colonies of [[New Estmere]], [[Sheah]], and [[Nou Remana]] into New Gaullica.


The first Eucleans to settle in Cassier were mariners from [[Varienland]] and [[Caldia]] who established seasonal fishing and whaling outposts along the west coast in the 15th century. In 1534 Gaullican explorer Rogerin Dummont explored much of western Cassier’s coast and major rivers during his first voyage. Upon discovering the Gulf of Saint Marcus he planted a 10 meter (33 ft) cross bearing the words “Long Live the Queen of Gaullica” and took possession of the territory of Nouvelle-Gaullica in the name of [[Queen Anne the Financer]]. Due to a combination of factors such as distance, a harsh climate, and native resistance the first Gaullican colonists were confined to short-lived seasonal settlements and forts along the coast or near major rivers.  
In 1753, King Louis VI summoned New Gaullican representatives to Verlois with the goal of establishing a framework by which to govern the Gaullican-majority regions of the viceroyalty. Known as the [[Verlois Conference]], these meetings culminated in the [[Continental Decree of 1757]] which elevated the Gaullican-majority prefectures into provinces. The provinces were afforded much greater privilige and influence than other prefectures within New Gaullica, and saw their governments reformed and made to resemble those of the metropole. This was done with intention that these new provinces would be more capable of resolving internal matters without the need for direct intervention, and allow Gaullica to refocus its efforts elsewhere.


In 1535 under orders from the Gaullican crown Rogerin Dummont founded what would become [[Monbec City]] as the first permanent Gaullican settlement in Cassier. Among the colonists of Nouvelle-Gaullica three distinct groups would develop; ''Cassiens'' who exclusively settled the Saint Marcus valley, ''Chicadiens'' that settled the present day Terre-Neuve archipelago and Gulf of Chicadie, and fur traders and missionaries explored further inland. Gaullican explorer [[Nathan de Beaumont]] arrived in 1603 explored deeper inland up the Saint Marcus river in search of an interior route to the Lumine ocean. While he failed to cross the continent his expedition had discovered gold in the upper Saint Marcus watershed and Lake Beaumont, sparking an influx of Gaullican and Cassien settlers. A dwindling Asterian Superior beaver population combined with the large increase in Euclean colonists further into the continent following the discovery of gold created tensions between the colonies and the various indigenous peoples. By 1665 the majority of aboriginal nations were at war against each other, fighting over the few remaining areas with beaver populations and Euclean encroachment. These conflicts would culminate in the Fur Wars which saw New Gaullica and aligned tribes fight decisively defeat a coalition of resisting tribes in Upper Cassier, resulting in the burning of dozens of native villages and subsequent forced migration to the north and east. This relocation would prove to only be a temporary solution as settlers continued to aggressively push further inland. Conflicts between and against the Asterian tribes would remain an ever present threat for the next two centuries, however none would be on a similar scale seen in the Fur Wars.
The creation of the provinces were initially celebrated by Gaullican colonists, who saw the creation of the provinces as both the logical, next step in the progression of Gaullican rule in Asteria Superior. These feelings of contentment rapidly abated rapidly over the following years. Positions in government also became much more restricted to the public than those of the prefectural government, strongly favouring members of the aristocratic elite and the clergy. By the 1760s, this had alienated many of the landowners, merchants, and middle-class colonists, leading to the development of a belief that the provincial governments were more interested in exploiting the land, and growing rich off the backs of the public. This resentment was especially widespread amongst colonies in [[Chicadia]] and [[New Sylvagne]], as well as the eastern frontier of what is now the province of [[Beaumont]]. Movements to resist new taxes and policies resulted in several confrontations between Gaullican forces and local militias and dissidents. Provincial officials and governments proved either unwilling or incapable of completely quelling the unrest, further emboldening New Gaullican dissidents. Beginning with the [[Maraux Rebellion]] and coinciding with out break of the [[Asterian War of Secession]], a rebellion led by the a group known as the [[Patriotes]] captured the New Sylvagnian capital of Bellevue. They were joined by other rebel groups and militias, who together issued the [[Saint-Croix Declaration]] which expressed their intentions to separate the provinces from Gaullica and unite together as an independent republic. Unlike the other revolutionary movements taking place to the south however, the Patriotes critically lacked a similar outpouring of public support. This stemmed from the fact that even though provincial governments were unpopular among a majority of colonists, most vehemently opposed the idea of independence from Gaullica.  


Unsuited for the more profitable cash crop plantations found further south, Nouvelle-Gaullica's economy would be restricted to mining, timber, and the fur trade. Despite claiming large portions of northern Asteria Superior and the discovery of gold the population of Nouvelle-Gaullica would remain below 30,000. With competing colonial powers with large and more profiable colonies endeavouring to assert their dominance in the region Nouvelle-Gaullica's claims to the interior would remain teneuous. In the late 16th century the colonial government began offering large land grants to aspiring settlers and immigrants in the upper Saint Marcus river as well as the regions surrounding Lake Beaumont. Though much of the land issued in these grants were often large expanses of untamed forested wilderness the promise of a new life and property was attracting to many hopeful Gaullicans and immigrants. Other incentives were given to colonists already inhabiting Nouvelle-Gaullica encouraging the growth of larger families. Over the span between the late 1600's and the 1730's Nouvelle-Gaullica's policy of aggressive population growth and settlement would cause the colony's population to more than triple. The rising population would further increase the demand for more land in order to sustain the colony, driving settlers further east. This growth would also result in the creation of the first generation of colonists that were predomiantly born in Nouvelle-Gaullica, laying the foundation for what would develop into the Cassien identity.
The central figure of the Patriote rebellion was general [[Vivien Gérin-Lajoie]], a notable military commander and politician. Under his leadership the Patriotes were able to make significant gains by successfully capturing important cities and forts throughout Chicadia and Upper Cassier. The climax of the war took place at the [[Battle of Louiseville]] in 1769, which saw Lajoie’s Patriote Army engage a hastily assembled force of loyalists led by [[Michel Rousselle]]. Though numerically superior, the Patriotes were decisively defeated following Lajoie’s sudden death during the battle, which marked the turning point of the war in Cassier. Gaullican reinforcements arrived in Monbec City by the spring of 1770, which was followed by the the recapture of Bellevue; the epicentre of the Patriote movement, by Rousselle that autumn. This forced most of the Patriotes remaining to flee south to Rizealand and beyond, with many continuing to fight against Gaullican authorities for years to come. With this, the Patriotes ceased te exist as credible threat to Gaullican rule in the provinces.
[[File:Julia Belle warns Phillipe 1809.png|thumb|right|300px|Painting of Julia Belle warning Cassien officers of Rizean movements during the Second Beaver War.]] Following a secessionist victory in 1771, the period of uncontested Gaullican hegemony in Asteria Superior was over. In 1783, the newly independent nation Rizealand launched a successful invasion of the provinces in the [[Beaver Wars|First Beaver War]] which brought Charlotte and a large portion of New Sylvagne, Beaumont, and Upper Cassier brought under Rizean control. Intending to capitalize on the success of their first war, a second war was declared on 1 May, 1810, beginning the Second Beaver War. By late 1812, Rizealand's forces were driven out of the territory acquired in the first, however a string of important Rizean victories and Gaullican supply issues halted further advances. Unwilling to continue fighting, peace talks began in 1813. The treaty saw Gaullica regain some territories lost after the first war, and a established Rizealand's northern border. While minor, unofficial conflicts between Cassier and Rizealand took place throughout the 19th century, the peace treaty signed to end the Second Beaver War marked the last time Rizealand and Cassier engaged in open hostilities with each other.


In 1729 Gaullica's victory in the [[Gilded Wars]] formally defined Nouvelle-Gaullica's southern boundary and secured Nouvelle-Gaullica's claims to Lake Beaumont in addition to its surrounding areas. In contrast to the rest of Gaullica's new colonial possessions a majority of colonists welcomed Gaullica's newfound dominance over Asteria Superior. Nouvelle-Gaullica's status as Gaullica's premier colony within the empire due to their shared cultural and lingustic ties was a source of great pride among colonists. The number of settlers settling the eastern interior of Nouvelle-Gaullica decreased between the 1730 and 1764, with would be colonists desiring to settle in the newly acquired and more profitable possessions in the south. Despite Gaullican hegemony tensions and disputes over land and territory between Nouvelle-Gaullica and the former Estermish colonies to the south would continue. Generally they were generally resolved in Nouvelle-Gaullica's favour which sparked further outrage among non-Gaullican colonists.
Alarmed by the Beaver Wars and the possibility of future colonial uprising, Gaullican and provincial officials met at [[La Colline]] in Monbec City, Monbec to discuss various reforms within Viceroyalty of New Gaullica and the provinces. These dicussions resulted in formation of the Dominion of Cassier and the creation of the [[Grand Assembly of the Dominion of Cassier|Grand Assembly]] as a legislative organ to oversee governance of the colony. The lower house of the Grand Assembly would be open to property-owning men, whilst the upper house comprised of appointed officials.


On July 1, 1757 representitives from the colonies of Nouvelle-Gaullica would gather in the Gaullican capital of Verlois and ratify the Gaullican Asterian Superior Act of 1757 which confederated the colonies of Upper Cassier, Lower Cassier, Nouvelle-Sylvagne, Chicadia, and Terre-Neuve into the Domain of Cassier. The term ''Domain'' was chosen to indicate Cassier's self-governing status within the Gaullican colonial empire. This confederation emerged from multiple impulses: Gaullica wanted the Nouvelle-Gaullica to defend itself and allow it to focus more its resources elsewhere; a newfound Gaullican-Cassien nationalism sought to unite the colonies into one dominion within the Gaullican empire, dominated by the Gaullican language and culture; and fears of encroachment of non-Gaullican settlers northward. On a political level, there was a desire for the creation of responsible government and elimination of the legislative deadlocks between the colonies of Nouvelle-Gaullica, and their replacement with provincial legislatures in a confederation.
===Expansion and industrialization===
An influx of roughly 70,000 to 95,000 Gaullican Asterians known as Exiles (Gaullican: ''Exils'') fled to the Dominion of Cassier in the wake of the Asterian War of Secession and the Beaver Wars. Their arrival significantly shifted Cassier's demographics, not only representing a sudden increase in the dominion's population but also seeing them supplant the Chicadians as the second largest Gaullican group in Cassier. Most Exils chose to settle on plots of land offered by the Gaullican government primarily in Upper Cassier and Beaumont, the latter of which became a province in 1793. The loss of the district of Charlotte, combined with increased Gaullican settlement in the Cassien interior, spawned a need for an alternate domestic route to Lake Beaumont. This culminated in construction of the [[Rousselle Canal]] between 1805 and 1811; the first of many infrastructure projects that connected the frontier with Cassier's population centres in the west. Considered to be one of the greatest engineering and technological feats of the era, the canal significantly reduced the dangers, costs, and time required to reach the interior. [[File:LestCassien.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A pamphlet encouraging immigration to Cassier's eastern provinces.]] The early 19th century saw a major increase of Euclean immigration to Cassier, resulting in a population growth of roughly 1.5 million by 1815. Seeking to solidify its territorial claims and secure its presence on the eastern coast of Asteria Superior, Cassier underwent a rapid period of territorial expansion. This resulted the addition of two new provinces; Katepas and Montagne, and the integration of areas held by the Dumont Bay Company.


===Post Confederation===
Asteria Superior’s first transcontinental railway was completed in 1873, further integrating the Cassien interior, facilitating Euclean settlement, and connecting Cassier’s industrializing cities’ in the west to the east’s natural resources. The completion of the transcontinental railway marked the beginning of what is known in Cassier as the [[Era of Optimism]] (Gaullican: L'ère de l'optimisme); a period of economic prosperity and political development which characterized Cassien culture over the following three decades. The settlement of Beaumont, Katepas, and Montagne during this era drastically altered the interior's landscape as large farms came to dominate the region. The decimation of the wild Asterian Bison population coupled with the spread of Old World diseases devastated indigenous peoples. Legislation such as the Native Peoples Act saw the forced relocation of indigenous peoples to reservations set up by the Cassien government, and began a period of intense political and cultural oppression. Migrants to Cassier from overseas; particularly those from Coius and western Euclea, were also expected to assimilate into Gaullo-Cassien society and culture and were frequently subject to discriminatory practices and legislation.   


The establishment of a confederation of colonies within the new Domain of Cassier satsified the growing number of colonists who desired a greater say in matters of government policy for a time. Cassier's government would be organized in a bicameral parliamentary system which, while granting Cassiens the ability to elect their own representitives to the legislative branch, would have strong oversight via an appointed govenor from the Metropole in the executive. The govenor of Cassier acted as the final executive authority in the king's sted, having the power to veto any piece of legislation passed by the parliament, in the aim of maintaining Gaullican interests. This lead to a delicate balance of power between legislative and executive branches of government that would cause an increasing amount of unrest. Two political factions would emerge during this period; the Whigs and the Torries. Whigs generally held a liberal ideology and sought to increase Cassier's autonomy within the empire, while Torries comprised of more conservative and traditional elements of society.  
An important feature of the Era of Optimism was the widespread loyalist sentiments held by a majority of Cassier's Gaullican-speaking population. Most actively supported the continuation of Cassier's status as a dominion of the Gaullican Empire and viewed themselves as a natural, important part of it. Additionally, many also saw Cassier; with its culture, economic practices, and political institutions, as the model that Gaullica's other colonial subjects should emulate. These beliefs were greatly strengthened during the reign of King Albert III, as Cassier obtained new privileges, greater autonomy, and saw the formalization of its liberal-democratic government. By the turn of the 19th century, Cassier handled a majority of its domestic affairs with little Gaullican interference, and the framework for what eventually was to be its modern republican government had been largely put into place. Externally, Cassier also began to establish relationships internationally by working within Gaullica’s extensive diplomatic network to promote its interests abroad.


Republican ideals from Gaullica's other colonies became especially popular to many Cassiens, especially among the more radical Whigs. Many Whigs began to publish pro-republican panthlets and newspapers, spreading these new ideas to a wider audience. Small demonstrations that protested what was viewed as "unfair" colonial policies took place in several cities, and gatherings among Cassiens to dicuss politics became an increasingly popular activity. Awareness of the current political enviroment which supported an uneven relationship between Cassiens and their colonial overlords increased following the implimentation of "Intolerable Taxes", which taxed most Cassien exports. Seeking to quell the growing unrest many pro-republican Whigs were arrested and their publicians banned in 1763 for "disturbing the peace". The arrest of these Whigs sparked outrage among many liberials and radicals who saw the government's actions as a violation of their rights. These groups would begin organize themselves in the prelude to the [[Asterian War of Succession]] until eventually joining the side of the rebels under the [[Patriote|Patriote Movement]].
===Early 20th century===
Cassien politics and culture underwent significant changes in the first half of the 20th century. The era of optimism came to an abrupt end in the wake of the [[Great Collapse]] in 1913. The ensuing economic depression was devastating to its economy and political stability. Demand for Cassien exports plummeted and many of its major industries were forced to downsize, resulting in a mass unemployment. Following a popular referendum the province of Terre-Belle left Cassier in favour of returning to direct Gaullican rule in 1915. The situation began to improve following the 1916 general election which saw the Liberal Party led by [[Wilfrid Édouard]] win a landslide victory. The new government enacted several domestic reforms to reduce unemployment and begin a process of economic recovery. These proved to be widely successful, solidifying Liberal dominance in the Cassien legislature. By 1919, Cassier had mostly moved past the depression, just as the growing rift with Gaullica took its place as the foremost issue in Cassien politics.


The Patriotes were a coalition of various colonists of varying backgrounds unified with the belief that Gaullica had violated Cassier's principle of responsible government. At first the extent of the Patriotes' goals differed among its members until eventually coalescing under the idea of an independent Cassier. Despite lacking the popular support that their counterparts to the south recieved the Patriotes were able to accomplish initial gains under the leadership of General[[Vivien Gérin-Lajoie]]. The Patriote movement would recieve a devastating blow following the Battle of Louiseville on December 31, 1769 which resulted in the death of General Lajoie and the Patriote's primary army routed. Following the battle most Patriotes were forced to flee south where they would carry on the movement, while those unable were arrested and executed for treason. Despite their defeat the Patriotes would become immortalized as martyrs to many Cassiens, though serious discussion regarding independence would not reemerge until the 1840s.  
The rise of Rafael Duclerque and the functionalist Parti Populaire in Gaullica was viewed with concern in Cassier. Many Cassiens were fundamentally opposed to Duclerque the ideology of functionalism, viewing it as incompatible with Cassier's liberal political system. Just before his abdication and fleeing to Cassier in October 1920, King Alfred III issued a final imperial decree reaffirming Cassier’s right to self-governance and proclaimed its independence from Gaullica. This shocked the Cassien public and placed the government in a difficult position with the regime in the metropole. The Cassien government under Édouard initially refused to publicly comment on the decree and immediately entered discussions with Gaullica in the hopes of diffusing the situation. By November, the two sides decided to uphold the status-quo in what became known as the November Agreement. Gaullica agreed to respect Cassier’s autonomy, and Cassier would regard the decree as a symbolic gesture rather than any official declaration of sovereignty.  


The ultimate successionist victory in the war would shatter Gaullican hegemony in Asteria Superior and have profound ramifications in Cassien politics. Though Gaullica would retain possession over Cassier the domain remained unstable and unrest among the wider population continued. On June 2, 1772 representitives from the provinces and MPs from parliament would gather in Sainte-Marie to discuss the future of Cassier during the Saint Marie conferences. It soon became apparent to the delegates that Gaullican Asterian Superior Act in its current state was impractical and reforms would be required in order to safeguard the original goals of the 1757 Act.
Although the November Agreement offered Cassier some degree of respite abroad it did little to reduce mounting tensions domestically. Radical groups such as the Cassien Functionalist Front (FFC) and the Cassien Workers Syndicate (STC) presented an increasing threat on the extreme ends of Cassier’s politics. Faced with growing turmoil and a mutual desire to limit the strength of the FFC and STC within the National Assembly to whatever degree possible, the Liberal and Conservative parties formed a coalition in the prelude of the 1920 general election. While both parties lost seats to the radicals or other minor parties the liberal-conservative coalition won the election handedly, with Édouard retaining his office as executive minister and the conservative François Girardot assuming the role as head of state in the recently reformed position of Premier of Cassier.


...
Despite winning numerous seats in the National Assembly, functionalist and socialist groups were outraged by the election. Between 1922 to 1930, the Cassier was confronted by numerous mass labour uprisings, inter-ideological violence and a coup-attempt in the province of Chicadia, colloquially known as the Brawler’s War (Gaullican: ‘’Guerre des Bagarreurs”). The Cassien government dealt with these outbreaks swiftly. The federal and provincial governments of Cassier would declare martial law several times during this period, often employing the use of military force when negotiations and local police were believed to be insufficient.  


===Independence and the Modern Era===
It is generally accepted that Cassier was officially neutral during the Great War. Cassier was under Gaullican influence for much of the conflict, as its ties to the rest of the world were cut off through blockades and sanctions. Given the civil unrest taking place throughout Cassier, the coalition government believed that it was in no position to actively join the war. After intense negotiation between the Cassien and Gaullican governments it was decided that given its delicate domestic circumstances, Cassier would be exempted from fully committing to the war. It instead offered the metropole numerous concessions, namely raw materials, steel, food and machinery to Gaullica, as well as dispatched volunteer regiments. As the war turned against the [[Entente]], Cassier covertly worked to align itself with the [[Grand_Alliance|Grand Alliance]], intending to ensure its independence in the post war world and see the wayward province of Terre-Belle returned during peace negotiations. Thousands of Cassiens illegally joined various foreign regiments with the Grand Alliance, predominantly joining Rizean, Eldmarkian, and anti-Functionalist Gaullican military forces. Both Cassier and Terre-Belle became increasingly cut off from the metropole by allied naval forces by 1932. Later that year, Terre-Belle was invaded and occupied by Rizealand with the assistance of local rebels and volunteers from the mainland.
 
The surrender of Gaullica to the allied powers in late 1934 marked a turning point for Cassier. The metropole’s conduct during the war, together with its ultimate defeat, dealt a mortal blow to the FFC and imperialists within Cassien politics. With the blessings of the Grand Alliance, Cassier conducted a national referendum regarding Cassien independence on March 28, 1935. The pro-independence side won with a 71% majority. The result was swiftly passed through the National Assembly by the coalition government, which ratified the results in the morning of April 1. Charles Lièvremont, the last premier and viceroy of Cassier, submitted the formal request to begin the process of creating an independent Cassier to Gaullica’s leaders, Albert III and Fayolle Giraud. The request was accepted by the end of that week, setting Cassier on the path towards sovereignty.
 
Between June 1935 and September 1936, politicians, statesmen and other notable Cassien citizens began drafting a Declaration of Independence and a Constitution for the new state. It was quickly decided that an independent Cassier would be a liberal democracy within the framework of a republic. After numerous setbacks and compromises the new constitution was submitted before a convention of Cassier’s provincial governments in September 1936, who unanimously approved, followed shortly by the National Assembly. At midnight on October 14, the government of Cassier issued its Declaration of Independence and simultaneously enacted its constitution, officially concluding 400 years of Gaullican rule in Asteria Superior
 
===Contemporary period===
Sustained economic expansion, urbanization and policy decisions led to the emergence of a new Cassien identity following its independence. The Liberal dominated government prioritized a domestically-oriented, socially democratic approach to governance, enacting programs such as universal healthcare, education initiatives and infrastructure improvements, amongst others. Additionally, in response to the outbreak of the [[Solarian War]] the Liberal government oversaw the beginning of Cassier's state of armed neutrality. While it remained a member of international organizations such as the Community of Nations and an active participant in peacekeeping or humanitarian missions, Cassier generally refrained from establishing ties which necessitated direct political, economic or military action. This policy was upheld despite the Conservative shift following in the 1950 general election and remained in place until 1991.
 
The 1950s and 60s were marked by major political and cultural shifts which shook the nation. The issue of institutionalized racism and discrimination against Cassier's ethnic and religious minorities, women and other disinfranchised groups were increasingly challenged by opposition movements. The approaches, objectives and public perception of these movements varied substantially. Among the most prominant were the peaceful [[movement for civil justice]], whose nonviolent and inclusive approach towards confronting discrimination had earned it increasing public and political support. This was contrasted by the militant, [[Indigenous Peoples' Liberation Army]] (ALP) which, with Chistovodian backing, carried out terrorist attacks and insurgent activity throughout western Cassier during the [[Asterian Rebuttal]] in 1960, necessitating the deployment of military forces. [TO BE CONTINUED].


==Geography and climate==
==Geography and climate==
[[File:Cassienclimate.png|thumb|right|350px|Köppen climate classification types of Cassier.]]
At 9.35 million square kilometres, Cassier is the largest country in [[Kylaris|the world]] by total area. Cassier also possesses the world's largest quantity of freshwater lakes at over 3 million, the world's longest coastline, as well as longest land border which it shares with [[Rizealand]]. Its geographical boundaries are defined by the Vehemens and Florian Oceans in the west; to the Lumine Ocean in the east; and to the Florian Ocean to the north. In addition to its land borders, Cassier also has maritime boundaries with the [[Sorovia|Sorovian]] territory of [[George Ruset Land]] and [[Marchenia]]. Cassier also possesses one of the Asteria Superior's northernmost settlements, Cassien Defense Forces Station Balise, located near the northern tip of Daucourt Island – the second closest landmass to the North Pole.


Cassier encompasses much of the continent of Asteria Superior, sharing land borders with the Lorcania, Nuxica, and Chervolesia to the south. Cassier stretches from the Vehemens Ocean in the west to the Lumine Ocean in the east; to the north lies the Florian Ocean. Svobinsk is to the northeast which shares a maritime boundary in Hailett's Sea. By total area (including its waters), Cassier is the largest country in the world.  
Cassier's physical geography is highly diverse. A majority of Cassier's land acreage lies within its forested regions, including {{wp|Taiga|boreal}}, {{wp|Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests|temperate broadleaf}}, and {{wp|Temperate coniferous forest|coniferous}} forests. The northernmost areas of Cassier's provinces and territores are characterized by {{wp|Tundra|polar regions}} and ice caps, with much of the Cassien arctic being widely covered by ice and permafrost due to cold ocean and air currents.  Glaciated areas can also be found in the Imperial Mountains of Terre-Belle, and the Snowy Mountains of Montagne. The Cassien interior is characterized by large, relatively flat areas of {{wp|Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands|grassland}} which hosts the majority of Cassien agricultural activities. Large freshwater lakes are also common throughout most of Cassier, several hundred of which have a surface area 100 square kilometers (39 sq mi) or greater. The largest of Cassier's lakes is Lake Beaumont, which is the largest body of freshwater in the world.  


Cassier is home to one of the Asteria Superior's northernmost settlements, Cassien Forces Station Balise, on the northern tip of Daucourt Island – the closest point to the North Pole outside of Svobinsk. Much of the Cassien Arctic is covered by ice and permafrost due to polar currents that create a much colder climate than other nations at the same latitudes. Cassier has the longest coastline in the world, with a total length of xxx,xxx kilometres (xxx,xxx mi).
Cassier's position at the boundary of major tectonic plates makes it geologically active. Signs of {{wp|Volcanism|volcanic activity}} is particularly prevelent in eastern Cassier, as seen from volcanoes such as Mount Carpentier, Mount Bérengère, the Mount Brunelle massif, and the Mount Constance volcanic complex. The last major eruption in Cassier occured when Mount Rousselle erupted in 1980, which caused a major economic and ecological disruption that was felt across Asteria Superior. Other signs of geological activity include frequent {{wp|earthquake|earthquakes}} and notable {{wp|Rift valley|rift valleys}}.  


Since the end of the last glacial period, Cassier has consisted of eight distinct forest regions, including extensive boreal forest on the Cassien Shield. 42 percent of the land acreage of Canada is covered by forests, approximately 8 percent of the world's forested land, made up mostly of spruce, poplar and pine. Cassier has over 2,000,000 lakes—563 greater than 100 km2 (39 sq mi)—which is more than any other country, containing much of the world's fresh water as well as the geographically massive Lake Beaumont - a remnant of the most recent ice age glaciation and the largest body of freshwater in the world. There are numerous also fresh-water glaciers in the Eastern Mountains and the Coast Mountains.
===Climate===
Average temperatures across Cassier vary significantly from region to region. Winters in most of Cassier are generally cold and snowy, while its summers are normally mild and humid. Most of Cassier experiences either a {{wp|subarctic climate|subarctic}} or {{wp|continental climate}}, where daily average temperatures during the winter are near −15 °C (5 °F), but can drop below −40 °C (−40 °F) with severe wind chills. Snow has been known to cover the ground for most of the year northern or high altitude areas. Cassier's coastal regions in general experience moderately high temperatures; generally in the low 20s °C (70s °F), while areas further inland see summer highs from 25 to 30 °C (77 to 86 °F). Average summer temperatures rarely exceed 40 °C (104 °F).


Cassier is geologically active, having many earthquakes and potentially active volcanoes, notably Mount Carpentier massif, Mount Bérengère, Mount Brunelle massif, and the Mount Constance volcanic complex.
Recent climate trends such as global warming have resulted in a noticeable reduction in {{wp|permafrost}} and icy areas in Cassier. Average temperatures have steadily warmed between 1.7 °C (3.1 °F) to 2.3 °C (2.0 to 4.1 °F), with northern and central Cassier seeing the fastest rates of warming. {{wp|Air pollution|Air}} and {{wp|Water pollution|water pollution}}, and resource extraction, have severely impacted Cassier's waterways and forests.


Average winter and summer high temperatures across Cassier vary from region to region. Winters are generally harsh in the majority of the country, particularly in the interior and Prairie provinces, which experience a continental climate, where daily average temperatures are near −15 °C (5 °F), but can drop below −40 °C (−40 °F) with severe wind chills. In most inland regions, snow can cover the ground for almost six months of the year, while in parts of the north snow can persist year-round. The east coast has a temperate climate, with a mild and rainy winter. On the west and east coasts, average high temperatures are generally in the low 20s °C (70s °F), while between the coasts, the average summer high temperature ranges from 25 to 30 °C (77 to 86 °F), with temperatures in some interior locations rarely exceeding 40 °C (104 °F).
==Politics and Government==
Cassier is described as a "{{wp|full democracy}}", that has traditionally followed a {{wp|liberalism|moderate liberal}} and {{wp|egalitarianism|egalitarian}} political ideology. The government is responsible in upholding the laws and rights outlined within the [[Consitution of Cassier]]. An emphasis on {{wp|social justice}} and the promotion of public welfare has been a distinguishing element of Cassier's political culture originating from the 1757 Continental Decree which created the Domain of Cassier. Cassier is a {{wp|Federal parliamentary republic|parliamentary republic}}, with its government divided between {{wp|Legislature|legislative}}, {{wp|Executive (government)|executive}}, and {{wp|Judiciary|judicial}} branches that are each accountable to each other.


==Politics and Government==
===National Assembly===
[[File:British Columbia Parliament Buildings - Pano - HDR.jpg|thumb|right|320px|The Citizens' House, meeting place of the Chamber of Representatives.]]
Cassier's legislature, called the National Assembly (Gaullican: Assemblée nationale), is responsible for the creation, proposition, and enactment of legislation. It is divided bicamerally into upper and lower houses. The {{wp|lower house}} is the Chamber of Representatives (Gaullican: Chambre des représentants) and is made up of 400 representatives from single-member electorates of roughly equal population (one for every 100,000 people as of 2018). The {{wp|upper house}} is the Chamber of Deputies (Gaullican: Chambre des députés), comprising of 39 representatives whom represent the governments of Cassier's provinces and territories, sending a predetermined amount based on their populations. Deputies are not directly elected by the citizenry but are instead appointed once every six years by the province or territory's legislative body.
 
The Chamber of Representatives is the dominant branch of the National Assembly. Although both chambers theoretically maintain equal powers, the responsibility of proposing legislation is left to the Chamber of Representatives as a matter of convention and tradition. Traditionally less partisan than the lower house, the Chamber of Deputies is responsible for reviewing legislation passed by the lower house. While it rarely outright opposes the lower house, the Chamber of Deputies may veto or amend a proposed bill given a two-thirds majority. In such a situation, the Chamber of Representatives may override the upper house's veto or amendment given a two-thirds majority after 180 days have passed.
 
Members of the Chamber of Representatives (often called MPs) are elected once every four years in a general election and may serve for a maximum of three, four-year terms. Representatives are elected by their constituents via a preferential {{wp|Instant-runoff voting|instant-runoff voting}} system. After the conclusion of a general election the party that obtains a majority (200 seats) or forms a coalition with one or more other parties will be selected by the President to form a new government, with the party or coalition's leader ascending to the position of Executive Minister. As of the most recent general election, the Chamber of Representatives is governed by the Liberal, Reformist, and Green parties, together with liberal-indepedents and Indigenous party, form a coalition government. The opposition consists of the Conservative and Libertarian parties, along with conservative-indepedents.
 
[[File:Ontario Legislative Building, Toronto, South view 20170417 1.jpg|thumb|right|320px|The Senate House, meeting place of the Chamber of Deputies.]]
The Chamber of Deputies consists of members appointed by the provincial and territorial legislatures who are tasked with representing their respective governments. The number of members a province is entitled to is determined using a {{wp|Degressive proportionality|degressive proportionality}} method, based upon a province's population. Each is entitled to a minimum of four and a maximum of six Deputies, while territories are granted a maximum of two. The total number and allocation of seats within the Chamber of Deputies is reevaluated once every six years, with the most recent change occuring in 2008 resulting in an increase from 35 to 39 members and population milestones set to the following schema:
 
* Territories will be granted 2 Deputies.
* Provinces with 2 million inhabitants or fewer will be granted 4 Deputies.
* Provinces with 5 million inhabitants will be granted 5 Deputies.
* Provinces with 7 million inhabitants or more will be granted 6 Deputies.
 
Cassier is dominated by three parties at the federal level; the far left Reformist Party, the centre-left Liberal Party, and the centre-right Conservative Party. The historically dominant Liberal Party positions itself at the centre of the Cassien political spectrum, while the Conservative and Reformists parties are oriented to the right and left respectively. A total of six political parties were elected in the 2018 election; the Liberal Party; who currently have the most seats, followed by the Conservative Party, the Reformist Party, the Libertarians, Greens, and Indigenous Peoples parties. Additionally, independents also comprise a noticible minority within Cassien politics, holding 3 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 11 in the Chamber of Representatives. Extreme political parties have rarely played a prominent role in Cassien politics, with {{wp|Facism|functionalist}} or {{wp|Socialism|socialist}} parties historically recieving only minor support within the National Assembly.
 
===Executive===
[[File:Langevin Block (2013)(cropped).jpg|thumb|right|320px|Front view of the Executive Offices.]]
The [[President of Cassier]] is the {{wp|head of state}}, who serves as the main representative of the Republic both domestically and internationally. The President is elected once every 6 years in a popular election and may serve a maximum of two terms (12 years). The office is theoretically open to any Cassien citizen over the age of 40. The powers invested in the president are largely representative or ceremonial; serving as Cassier’s first ambassador during state or foreign visits, verifing the decisions made by the National Assembly; such as the appointment of the[[Executive Minister of Cassier]] and members of the [[Cabinet of Cassier|Cabinet]], and calling elections. The President traditionally follows the advice given to them by the Executive Minister and the Cabinet, however they retain the right to act politically, though historically Cassien Presidents will avoid directly involving themselves in political matters.
 
Following general elections, the leader of ruling party within the Chamber of Representatives will be appointed by the President to take on the role of Executive Minister. The Executive Minister of Cassier is the {{wp|head of government}}, who, along with the Cabinet, exercises the bulk of executive authority in Cassien politics. The Executive Minister works closely with their Cabinet, which is a council of senior government officials, ministers, or advisors who are appointed under the advice of the Executive Minister. Together, they advise and direct the President and by extension the direction of Cassien politics as a whole. This includes approving legislation made in the National Assembly,  dissolving or postponing sessions of the National Assembly, calling for elections, appointing positions in the Cabinet or the Supreme Court, or to make declarations.
 
As a member of the National Assembly, the Executive Minister also assumes the role, responsibilities, and term limits of one of its members. They are subject to the term limits of their chamber (a maximum of 3, 4-year terms as a Representative, or 2, 6-year terms as a Deputy). Due to the fact that the Executive Minister is an appointed position, voters do not directly elect the Executive Minister in a national election like the President.
 
===Constitution and Law===
[[File:WACapitolTempleOfJustice.jpg|thumb|right|320px|Frontal view of the Supreme Court Building.]]
The Constitution of Cassier outlines its system of government and the rights of its citizens or inhabitants. It is the {{wp|Constitution|supreme law}} of Cassier, meaning that federal legislation outweighs those of its provinces or territories, though these entities themselves must also abide by the constitution. The Cassien constitution incorporates many of the principles found within the constitutions of other [[Asteria Superior|Asterian]] and [[Euclea|Euclean]] republics, such as the {{wp|Rule of law|rule of law}}, the {{wp|Separation of powers|separation of powers}}, and extensive protections of civil and human rights.
 
Cassier’s judicial system has primarily been influenced by Gaullican {{wp|Civil law (legal system)|civil law}}, though elements of Estmerish-Rizean {{wp|Common law|common law}} are also present. Judicial authority at the federal level is vested in the [[Supreme Court of Cassier]], which is composed of nine Judges who interpret and determine the constitutionality of legislation via {{wp|Judicial review|judicial review}}. Judges in the Supreme Court are appointed by the President under the advice of the Executive Minister and with the approval of the Chamber of Deputies. After being appointed, Supreme Court Judges serve until they reach the age of 80, when they are required to retire from their position. Below the federal level, each province, territory, and local area also maintain their own court systems which serve as the highest courts of law within their respective divisions.


Cassier is described as a "full democracy", with a tradition of liberalism, and an egalitarian, moderate political ideology. An emphasis on social justice has been a distinguishing element of Cassier's political culture. Peace, order, and good government, alongside an implied bill of rights are founding principles of the Cassien government.
===Provinces and territories===


At the federal level, Cassier has been dominated by three major parties, the far left Labour Party, the centre-left Liberal Party, and the centre-right Conservative Party. The historically predominant Liberal Party position themselves at the centre of the Cassien political spectrum, with the Conservative Party positioned on the right and the Labour Party occupying the left. Far-right politics have never been a prominent force in Cassien society while far-leftists movements have gained some support historically, though few have ever exerted a real influence in federal politics. Four parties had representatives elected to the federal parliament in the 201X election—the Liberal Party, who currently form the government; the Conservative Party, who are the official opposition; the Labour Party; and the Green Party of Cassier.
Cassier has eight provinces - Beaumont, Breloux, Chicadia, Katepas, Monbec, Montagne, New Sylvagne, and Terre-Belle - and two territories - Aurora and Borealia. Provinces receive power from the Cassien constitution, and are granted more autonomy than territories. They have the authority to enact their own policies and legislation free of federal scrutiny, so long as it does not violate the Cassien constitution. Provinces are also largely responsible for local tasks such as managing their education, health, and welfare systems. Cassier’s territories are granted a degree of autonomy similar to those of its provinces, but the federal government retains the right to enact or override legislation as they see fit. The federal government rarely exercises this right however, and Cassier’s territories are generally treated as if they were provinces.


===Military===
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto; text-align: center;"
|+
|-
! scope="col" colspan="1" rowspan="2" | Map
! scope="col" colspan="2" rowspan="2" | Flag, name, and abbreviation
! scope="col" colspan="2" | Cities
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Ascension
! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Population
! scope="col" class="unsortable" colspan="2" | Representation
|-
! scope="col" | Capital
! scope="col" | Largest
! scope="col" | Representatives
! scope="col" | Deputies
|-
| rowspan="20" |<center>{{Cassier province map}}</center>
! colspan="11" |[[Provinces of Cassier]]
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | {{flagicon image|Breloux flag.png}} '''[[Breloux]]'''
| BR
| colspan="2" | [[Andade]]
| {{dts|July 1, 1757}}
| {{right|13,000,000}}
| 130
| 6
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | {{flagicon image|New Sylvagne.jpg}} '''[[New Sylvagne]]'''
| NS
| colspan="2" | [[Bellevue]]
| {{dts|July 1, 1757}}
| {{right|7,543,062}}
| 75
| 6
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | {{flagicon image|Monbec (flag).png}} '''[[Monbec]]'''
| MC
| [[Monbec City]]
| [[Sainte-Marie]]
| {{dts|July 1, 1757}}
| {{right|6,000,000}}
| 60
| 5
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | {{flagicon image|Montagne (flag).jpg}} '''[[Montagne]]'''
| MT
| Val Albert
| [[Barnier]]
| {{dts|September 12, 1861}}
| {{right|4,600,000}}
| 46
| 4
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | {{flagicon image|Katepas flag.png}} '''[[Katepas]]'''
| KA
| Saint-Élie
| [[Armeins]]
| {{dts|May 11, 1858}}
| {{right|4,000,000}}
| 40
| 4
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | {{flagicon image|Beaumont flag.png}} '''[[Beaumont]]'''
| BT
| colspan="2" | [[Nanowin]]
| {{dts|January 24, 1793}}
| {{right|2,200,000}}
| 22
| 4
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | {{flagicon image|Flag of the Patriote movement (Lower Canada).svg}} '''[[Chicadia]]'''
| CH
| colspan="2" | [[Chiboctoc]]
| {{dts|July 1, 1757}}
| {{right|1,983,563}}
| 19
| 3
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | {{flagicon image|Flag of Nantucket, Massachusetts.svg}} '''[[Terre-Belle]]'''
| TB
| colspan="2" | [[Porte-Calme]]
| {{dts|July 1, 1757}}
| {{right|519,685}}
| 6
| 3
|-
|}


===Foreign Relations===
===Foreign Relations===
Following its independence from Gaullica in 1936, Cassier entered into a period of non-alignment and neutrality. While it sought out ties with nations including Gaullica and Rizealand, and remained a major contributor towards humanitarian and peacekeeping efforts, Cassier did not participate in any major conflicts or interventions for most of the 20th century. Cassier reevaluated and abandoned its neutral foreign policy shortly after the [[Haillet's Crisis]], and has since sought to pursue stronger, multilateral ties with other democratic nations and organizations.
===Military===


==Economy==
==Economy==
Line 157: Line 326:
Cassier has one of the highest immigration rates per-capita in the world, spurred by economic policies. The general public, as well as the major political parties, have been supportive of the current level of immigration. Immigrants to Cassier have originate from a variety of different regions and countries, with most arriving from Coius and Asteria Inferior. The recent waves of immigrants settled mostly in major urban areas such as Andade, Sainte-Marie and Barnier.  
Cassier has one of the highest immigration rates per-capita in the world, spurred by economic policies. The general public, as well as the major political parties, have been supportive of the current level of immigration. Immigrants to Cassier have originate from a variety of different regions and countries, with most arriving from Coius and Asteria Inferior. The recent waves of immigrants settled mostly in major urban areas such as Andade, Sainte-Marie and Barnier.  


Cassier's population density, at 4.25 inhabitants per square kilometre, the lowest in the world. About four-fifths of the population lives within 200 kilometres of the border with Halland and . The most densely populated part of the country, accounting for nearly 50 percent, is the Saint-Marcus Corridor in Monbec and Breloux residing mostly within the Saint-Marcus basin.
Cassier's population density, at 4.2 inhabitants per square kilometre, the lowest in the world. About four-fifths of the population lives within 200 kilometres either Cassier's southern borders or coastlines. The most densely populated part of the country is the Saint Marcus Corridor in the provinces of Monbec and Breloux, residing mostly within the Saint Marcus river basin.  


{| class="infobox" style="text-align:center; width:97%; margin-right:10px; font-size:90%"
{| class="infobox" style="text-align:center; width:97%; margin-right:10px; font-size:90%"
! colspan="8" style="background:#e9e9e9; padding:0.3em; line-height:1.2em;"|Largest urban centers by population
! colspan="8" style="background:#e9e9e9; padding:0.3em; line-height:1.2em;"|Largest urban areas by population
|-
|-
!rowspan=21|
[[File:Downtown from Ward's Island (11741021983).jpg|250px]]<br /><small>[[Andade]]</small><br />[[File:Panoramic Boston.jpg|250px]]<br /><small>Bellevue</small><br />
! style="text-align:center; background:#f5f5f5;"| Rank
! style="text-align:left; background:#f5f5f5;"| Name
! style="text-align:center; background:#f5f5f5;"| Province
! style="text-align:center; background:#f5f5f5;"| Population
!rowspan=30|
!rowspan=30|
[[File:Downtown from Ward's Island (11741021983).jpg|250px]]<br /><small>[[Andade]]</small><br />[[File:Panoramic Boston.jpg|250px]]<br /><small>Belleview</small><br />
! style="text-align:center; background:#f5f5f5;"| <small>#</small>
! style="text-align:left; background:#f5f5f5;"| Settlement
! style="text-align:center; background:#f5f5f5;"| Population
! style="text-align:center; background:#f5f5f5;"| <small>#</small>
! style="text-align:left; background:#f5f5f5;"| Settlement
! style="text-align:center; background:#f5f5f5;"| Population
!rowspan=21|
[[File:Montreal August 2017 05.jpg|250px]]<br /><small>Sainte-Marie</small><br />[[File:Concord Pacific Master Plan Area.jpg|250px]]<br /><small>Barnier</small>
[[File:Montreal August 2017 05.jpg|250px]]<br /><small>Sainte-Marie</small><br />[[File:Concord Pacific Master Plan Area.jpg|250px]]<br /><small>Barnier</small>
|-
|-
| style="background:#f0f0f0"| 1 ||align=left | '''Andade''' || TBD  || 11 ||align=left | '''Verlois''' || TBD
| style="background:#f0f0f0"| 1 ||align=left | '''[[Andade]]''' || Breloux || 6,202,225
|-
|-
| style="background:#f0f0f0"| 2 ||align=left | '''Sainte-Marie''' || TBD  || 12 ||align=left | '''Saint-Célestin''' || TBD
| style="background:#f0f0f0"| 2 ||align=left | '''Sainte-Marie''' || Monbec || 4,991,732
|-
|-
| style="background:#f0f0f0"| 3 ||align=left | '''Belleview''' || TBD  || 13 ||align=left | '''Cheboctoc''' || TBD
| style="background:#f0f0f0"| 3 ||align=left | '''Bellevue''' || New-Sylvange || 4,241,632
|-
|-
| style="background:#f0f0f0"| 4 ||align=left | '''Barnier''' || TBD  || 14 ||align=left | '''Dummontville''' || TBD
| style="background:#f0f0f0"| 4 ||align=left | '''Barnier''' || Montagne || 2,642,825
|-
|-
| style="background:#f0f0f0"| 5 ||align=left | '''Armeins''' || TBD  || 15 ||align=left | '''Kennebago''' || TBD
| style="background:#f0f0f0"| 5 ||align=left | '''Armeins''' || Katepas || 2,481,806
|-
|-
| style="background:#f0f0f0"| 6 ||align=left | '''[[Nouvelle-Rayenne]]''' || TBD || 16 ||align=left | '''Lavelle''' || TBD
| style="background:#f0f0f0"| 6 ||align=left | '''[[Nouvelle-Rayenne|New Rayenne]]''' || Breloux || 1,481,377
|-
|-
| style="background:#f0f0f0"| 7 ||align=left | '''Bougainville''' || TBD  || 17 ||align=left | '''Keeseekoose''' || TBD
| style="background:#f0f0f0"| 7 ||align=left | '''Bougainville''' || Katepas || 1,418,118
|-
|-
| style="background:#f0f0f0"| 8 ||align=left | '''Monbec''' || TBD  || 18 ||align=left | '''Val Albert''' || TBD
| style="background:#f0f0f0"| 8 ||align=left | '''Monbec''' || Monbec || 805,988
|-
|-
| style="background:#f0f0f0"| 9 ||align=left | '''Nanowin''' || TBD  || 19 ||align=left | '''Saint-Élie''' || TBD
| style="background:#f0f0f0"| 9 ||align=left | '''Nanowin''' || Beaumont || 705,386
|-
|-
| style="background:#f0f0f0"| 10 ||align=left | '''Rougemont''' || TBD  || 20 ||align=left | '''Senneterre''' || TBD
| style="background:#f0f0f0"| 10 ||align=left | '''Agniers''' || Breloux || 693,022 
|-
|-
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 20:47, 22 November 2023

Template:Region icon Kylaris

Republic of Cassier
République de Cassier
Flag of Cassier
Flag
Coat of Arms of Cassier
Coat of Arms
Motto: "A Mari Usque Ad Mare" (Solarian) "From Sea to Sea"
Anthem: Ô Cassier
MediaPlayer.png
Cassier orthographic NEW.png
Capital New Rayenne
Largest cityAndade
Official languagesGaullican
Demonym(s)Cassien
GovernmentFederal parliamentary republic
• President
Jean Tremblay
• Executive Minister
Samuel Cloutier
LegislatureNational Assembly
Chamber of Deputies
Chamber of Representatives
Independence from Gaullica
• Formation
July 1, 1821
• Declaration of Independence
October 14, 1936
Area
• 
9,351,991.04 km2 (3,610,823.93 sq mi)
Population
• 2018 census
Increase 39,889,032
• Density
4.24/km2 (11.0/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)2021 estimate
• Total
Increase $1.952 trillion
• Per capita
Increase $48,946
GDP (nominal)2021 estimate
• Total
Increase $1.627 trillion
• Per capita
Increase $40,788
Gini (2021)Positive decrease 33.8
medium
HDI (2021)Increase 0.929
very high
CurrencyCassien denier (Ð) (CAD)
Time zoneUTC+7 to +12
Date formatyyyy-mm-dd
Driving sideright
Calling code+3
ISO 3166 codeCA
Internet TLD.ca


Cassier, officially the Republic of Cassier (Gaullican: République de Cassier), is a country in northern Asteria Superior. It shares borders with Rizealand to the southwest and Chistovodia to the southeast. The country's ten provinces and territories encompass an area of 9,351,991 square kilometres (3,610,823.93 sq mi), making it the largest country in the world. Cassier is a parliamentary republic, and the parliament elects the head of government, the Executive Minister. The President is acts as Cassier's head of state, and serves a mostly supervisiory and representative role in government. Cassier has a population of approximately 39,889,032 people, the fifth largest in Asteria Superior. Its capital city is New Rayenne and its largest city is Andade. Other important urban areas include Sainte-Marie, Bellevue, Barnier, Bougainville, and Monbec City.

Indigenous cultures inhabited Cassier for thousands of years before Euclean discovery and colonization. The first confirmed explorer from the Old World was Rahelian navigator Assim Asteris, who landed on Île d'Édouard, Terre-Belle in 1488. Gaullica came to to control much of western Cassier during the 16th century, establishing colonies in a region they named “New Gaullica" (Gaullican: Nouvelle-Gaullice), a name which was later applied to the Viceroyalty of New Gaullica. In 1757, the Continental Decree transformed the Gaullican-majority colonies within New Gaullica into provinces. After the Asterian War of Secession and the Beaver Wars, these provinces were consolidated into the Dominion of Cassier following the implimentation Monbec Accords in 1821. During the latter half of the 18th-century Cassier entered a period of eastward expansion across Asteria Superior, reaching its greatest in 1899. As time passed and Cassier obtained became increasingly self-governing, Cassier's culture and politics diverged from those of the metropole. External events and growing divisions between Cassier and Gaullica in the early 19th century culminated in Cassier declaring its independence on October 14, 1936, followed shortly after by the establishment of its current republican government.

Cassier is a parliamentary republic and a liberal democracy, with three branches of government, a president who acts as head of state, and an executive minister who serves as the head of government. It is a global leader in metrics such as education, economic freedom, personal and civil liberties, quality of life, and human development. Cassier’s complex and often tumultuous history with other nations has had a significant impact on its economy, politics, and culture. Immigration from many other countries and a resurgence of indigenous influences has made Cassier one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations.

Cassier is a highly developed country with an advanced economy. It ranks above average economically, having the fifteenth-largest economy by gross domestic product, and the seventeenth-largest by purchasing power parity. Cassier is highly reliant upon the exportation of natural resources, its scientific and technological sectors, and commerce over well-developed international trade networks. It is an active participant in many intergovernmental institutions including the Community of Nations and the International Federation of the Blue Crystal Movement, and has historically been a major contributor for international peacekeeping, humanitarian efforts, and sustainable development. Cassier is a member several international organizations such as the Gaullophonie, OAN, and NVO, amongst others, and has recently sought to form closer ties with other Asterian and democratic nations.

Etymology

Cassier is generally accepted to be derived from the St. Marcus Ganonsyoni word Kaska; a borrowing from the Casca-Dena people from the Dene Zágé language. The indigenous inhabitants near what is now Sainte-Marie used it while directing explorer Rogerin Dumont, who interpretted it as Cassia in order to describe the eastern interior of New Gaullica. Cartographers gradually altered its location towards the St. Marcus River, as well as adjusting its modern orthography to "Cassier".

Cassier entered official use after the reorginization of the Captaincy of Saint Marcus into the Prefecture of Cassier in 1641. This prefecture was eventually split in two; Upper Cassier and Lower Cassier, collectively known as the Cassiers. During this period period, "Cassier" exclusively referred to two prefectures and did not include the other prefectures and provinces of New Gaullica, particularly Chicadia, Terre-Belle, or Beaumont. The Monbec Accords united all of these New Gaullican provinces into the Dominion of Cassier in 1821. Following its independence from Gaullica in 1936 the nation would adopt the Republic of Cassier as its official legal title.

History

Indigenous peoples

Linguistic areas of Cassien Indigenous peoples at the time of Euclean contact.

The original inhabitants of Cassier encompass a broad assortment of different groups and cultures. Several nouns are commonly used in Cassien legal documents or in popular speech such as “aboriginal”, “indigenous”, and “native” which describe Cassier’s original inhabitants collectively and are used interchangeably. Meanwhile, First Nation, Borealian, and Metis refer to a specific group of indigenous peoples and are not used interchangeably.

The indigenous population at the time of Euclean discovery is estimated to have been between one and four million. Colonization directly contributed to a dramatic decline of Cassier’s indigenous population by as much as eighty percent. This is attributed to several factors including the transfer of diseases, conflicts with Euclean settlers or other indigenous groups, and a loss of self-sufficiency due to land seizures by the colonial and later Cassien governments.

Euclean interactions with indigenous peoples were relatively peaceful during the initial period of colonization. Indigenous aid and assistance was highly sought after by Eucleans, particularly among fur traders during the 16th and 17th centuries. Unions between Eucleans and indigenous women resulted in the first Metis; individuals with mixed-race heritage. Borealian groups were isolated from early Euclean settlement due to geographic distance and the harsher environment they inhabited. In what is widely considered to be a genocide colonial and Cassien authorities actively sought the assimilation or elimination of Cassier's indigenous peoples. First Nations, Metis, and Borealians were subjected to widespread sterilization, mass relocations to reservations, and cultural suppression which continued until as recently as 1988. Though indigenous languages and cultures have seen a resurgence in the 21st century widespread discrimination continues to be an issue into the contemporary.

Euclean colonization

The first Eucleans to settle in Cassier were Ghaillish mariners from Caldia who established seasonal outposts along the west coast in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. These settlers were confined to short lived seasonal settlements and forts along the coast due to Cassier’s harsher environment and geography compared to other lands further south. The first major Euclean settlements were be established shortly after Gaullican explorer Rogerin Dumont’s first expedition to Cassier. Upon discovering the St. Marcus River in 1534, Dumont would erect a 10 meter cross bearing the words “Long Live the Queen of Gaullica” and claiming the land he named New Gaullica (Gaullican: Nouvelle-Gaullice) for Queen Anne the Financer.

Dumont returned to Asteria Superior in 1535 to establish a permanent Gaullican presence in the region. He founded Fort Saint-Marcus, Saint-Charles, and other outposts along Cassier's western coast, which helped to facilitate the Gaullican colonization of the region. Euclean activity intensified as Gaullican explorers, such as Nathan de Beaumont, ventured into further into the interior. The discovery of precious mineral deposits and arialble land helped to encourage settlement efforts in New Gaullica. Due to the vast geographic size of the viceroyalty, the Gaullican colonies were reorganized into self-administrating prefectures beginning in the 1640s. These developments coincided with the outbreak of the Fur Wars (1644 - 1699), a series of overlapping conflicts which saw native tribes and Gaullican colonists fight with and against each other for territorial and economic reasons.

Map of Gaullican territorial claims in Asteria Superior in 1710. Possessions of New Gaullica (blue), Estmere (red), disputed territory (purple).

With a climate unsuited for growing cash crops, the New Gaullica economy was oriented towards resource extraction, agriculture and maritime activities. The imperial census of 1665 reported the viceroyalty's Euclean population to be roughly 30,000 people; far smaller compared to the other Euclean colonies in the Asterias. Although measures such as the 1680 Settlement Decree sought to grow the New Gaullican population through incentives and explusions, New Gaullica's population continued to lag significantly behind its neighbours. This began to change following the Gilded Wars in 1721, which saw the annexation and incorporation of the former colonies of New Estmere, Sheah, and Nou Remana into New Gaullica.

In 1753, King Louis VI summoned New Gaullican representatives to Verlois with the goal of establishing a framework by which to govern the Gaullican-majority regions of the viceroyalty. Known as the Verlois Conference, these meetings culminated in the Continental Decree of 1757 which elevated the Gaullican-majority prefectures into provinces. The provinces were afforded much greater privilige and influence than other prefectures within New Gaullica, and saw their governments reformed and made to resemble those of the metropole. This was done with intention that these new provinces would be more capable of resolving internal matters without the need for direct intervention, and allow Gaullica to refocus its efforts elsewhere.

The creation of the provinces were initially celebrated by Gaullican colonists, who saw the creation of the provinces as both the logical, next step in the progression of Gaullican rule in Asteria Superior. These feelings of contentment rapidly abated rapidly over the following years. Positions in government also became much more restricted to the public than those of the prefectural government, strongly favouring members of the aristocratic elite and the clergy. By the 1760s, this had alienated many of the landowners, merchants, and middle-class colonists, leading to the development of a belief that the provincial governments were more interested in exploiting the land, and growing rich off the backs of the public. This resentment was especially widespread amongst colonies in Chicadia and New Sylvagne, as well as the eastern frontier of what is now the province of Beaumont. Movements to resist new taxes and policies resulted in several confrontations between Gaullican forces and local militias and dissidents. Provincial officials and governments proved either unwilling or incapable of completely quelling the unrest, further emboldening New Gaullican dissidents. Beginning with the Maraux Rebellion and coinciding with out break of the Asterian War of Secession, a rebellion led by the a group known as the Patriotes captured the New Sylvagnian capital of Bellevue. They were joined by other rebel groups and militias, who together issued the Saint-Croix Declaration which expressed their intentions to separate the provinces from Gaullica and unite together as an independent republic. Unlike the other revolutionary movements taking place to the south however, the Patriotes critically lacked a similar outpouring of public support. This stemmed from the fact that even though provincial governments were unpopular among a majority of colonists, most vehemently opposed the idea of independence from Gaullica.

The central figure of the Patriote rebellion was general Vivien Gérin-Lajoie, a notable military commander and politician. Under his leadership the Patriotes were able to make significant gains by successfully capturing important cities and forts throughout Chicadia and Upper Cassier. The climax of the war took place at the Battle of Louiseville in 1769, which saw Lajoie’s Patriote Army engage a hastily assembled force of loyalists led by Michel Rousselle. Though numerically superior, the Patriotes were decisively defeated following Lajoie’s sudden death during the battle, which marked the turning point of the war in Cassier. Gaullican reinforcements arrived in Monbec City by the spring of 1770, which was followed by the the recapture of Bellevue; the epicentre of the Patriote movement, by Rousselle that autumn. This forced most of the Patriotes remaining to flee south to Rizealand and beyond, with many continuing to fight against Gaullican authorities for years to come. With this, the Patriotes ceased te exist as credible threat to Gaullican rule in the provinces.

Painting of Julia Belle warning Cassien officers of Rizean movements during the Second Beaver War.

Following a secessionist victory in 1771, the period of uncontested Gaullican hegemony in Asteria Superior was over. In 1783, the newly independent nation Rizealand launched a successful invasion of the provinces in the First Beaver War which brought Charlotte and a large portion of New Sylvagne, Beaumont, and Upper Cassier brought under Rizean control. Intending to capitalize on the success of their first war, a second war was declared on 1 May, 1810, beginning the Second Beaver War. By late 1812, Rizealand's forces were driven out of the territory acquired in the first, however a string of important Rizean victories and Gaullican supply issues halted further advances. Unwilling to continue fighting, peace talks began in 1813. The treaty saw Gaullica regain some territories lost after the first war, and a established Rizealand's northern border. While minor, unofficial conflicts between Cassier and Rizealand took place throughout the 19th century, the peace treaty signed to end the Second Beaver War marked the last time Rizealand and Cassier engaged in open hostilities with each other.

Alarmed by the Beaver Wars and the possibility of future colonial uprising, Gaullican and provincial officials met at La Colline in Monbec City, Monbec to discuss various reforms within Viceroyalty of New Gaullica and the provinces. These dicussions resulted in formation of the Dominion of Cassier and the creation of the Grand Assembly as a legislative organ to oversee governance of the colony. The lower house of the Grand Assembly would be open to property-owning men, whilst the upper house comprised of appointed officials.

Expansion and industrialization

An influx of roughly 70,000 to 95,000 Gaullican Asterians known as Exiles (Gaullican: Exils) fled to the Dominion of Cassier in the wake of the Asterian War of Secession and the Beaver Wars. Their arrival significantly shifted Cassier's demographics, not only representing a sudden increase in the dominion's population but also seeing them supplant the Chicadians as the second largest Gaullican group in Cassier. Most Exils chose to settle on plots of land offered by the Gaullican government primarily in Upper Cassier and Beaumont, the latter of which became a province in 1793. The loss of the district of Charlotte, combined with increased Gaullican settlement in the Cassien interior, spawned a need for an alternate domestic route to Lake Beaumont. This culminated in construction of the Rousselle Canal between 1805 and 1811; the first of many infrastructure projects that connected the frontier with Cassier's population centres in the west. Considered to be one of the greatest engineering and technological feats of the era, the canal significantly reduced the dangers, costs, and time required to reach the interior.

A pamphlet encouraging immigration to Cassier's eastern provinces.

The early 19th century saw a major increase of Euclean immigration to Cassier, resulting in a population growth of roughly 1.5 million by 1815. Seeking to solidify its territorial claims and secure its presence on the eastern coast of Asteria Superior, Cassier underwent a rapid period of territorial expansion. This resulted the addition of two new provinces; Katepas and Montagne, and the integration of areas held by the Dumont Bay Company.

Asteria Superior’s first transcontinental railway was completed in 1873, further integrating the Cassien interior, facilitating Euclean settlement, and connecting Cassier’s industrializing cities’ in the west to the east’s natural resources. The completion of the transcontinental railway marked the beginning of what is known in Cassier as the Era of Optimism (Gaullican: L'ère de l'optimisme); a period of economic prosperity and political development which characterized Cassien culture over the following three decades. The settlement of Beaumont, Katepas, and Montagne during this era drastically altered the interior's landscape as large farms came to dominate the region. The decimation of the wild Asterian Bison population coupled with the spread of Old World diseases devastated indigenous peoples. Legislation such as the Native Peoples Act saw the forced relocation of indigenous peoples to reservations set up by the Cassien government, and began a period of intense political and cultural oppression. Migrants to Cassier from overseas; particularly those from Coius and western Euclea, were also expected to assimilate into Gaullo-Cassien society and culture and were frequently subject to discriminatory practices and legislation.

An important feature of the Era of Optimism was the widespread loyalist sentiments held by a majority of Cassier's Gaullican-speaking population. Most actively supported the continuation of Cassier's status as a dominion of the Gaullican Empire and viewed themselves as a natural, important part of it. Additionally, many also saw Cassier; with its culture, economic practices, and political institutions, as the model that Gaullica's other colonial subjects should emulate. These beliefs were greatly strengthened during the reign of King Albert III, as Cassier obtained new privileges, greater autonomy, and saw the formalization of its liberal-democratic government. By the turn of the 19th century, Cassier handled a majority of its domestic affairs with little Gaullican interference, and the framework for what eventually was to be its modern republican government had been largely put into place. Externally, Cassier also began to establish relationships internationally by working within Gaullica’s extensive diplomatic network to promote its interests abroad.

Early 20th century

Cassien politics and culture underwent significant changes in the first half of the 20th century. The era of optimism came to an abrupt end in the wake of the Great Collapse in 1913. The ensuing economic depression was devastating to its economy and political stability. Demand for Cassien exports plummeted and many of its major industries were forced to downsize, resulting in a mass unemployment. Following a popular referendum the province of Terre-Belle left Cassier in favour of returning to direct Gaullican rule in 1915. The situation began to improve following the 1916 general election which saw the Liberal Party led by Wilfrid Édouard win a landslide victory. The new government enacted several domestic reforms to reduce unemployment and begin a process of economic recovery. These proved to be widely successful, solidifying Liberal dominance in the Cassien legislature. By 1919, Cassier had mostly moved past the depression, just as the growing rift with Gaullica took its place as the foremost issue in Cassien politics.

The rise of Rafael Duclerque and the functionalist Parti Populaire in Gaullica was viewed with concern in Cassier. Many Cassiens were fundamentally opposed to Duclerque the ideology of functionalism, viewing it as incompatible with Cassier's liberal political system. Just before his abdication and fleeing to Cassier in October 1920, King Alfred III issued a final imperial decree reaffirming Cassier’s right to self-governance and proclaimed its independence from Gaullica. This shocked the Cassien public and placed the government in a difficult position with the regime in the metropole. The Cassien government under Édouard initially refused to publicly comment on the decree and immediately entered discussions with Gaullica in the hopes of diffusing the situation. By November, the two sides decided to uphold the status-quo in what became known as the November Agreement. Gaullica agreed to respect Cassier’s autonomy, and Cassier would regard the decree as a symbolic gesture rather than any official declaration of sovereignty.

Although the November Agreement offered Cassier some degree of respite abroad it did little to reduce mounting tensions domestically. Radical groups such as the Cassien Functionalist Front (FFC) and the Cassien Workers Syndicate (STC) presented an increasing threat on the extreme ends of Cassier’s politics. Faced with growing turmoil and a mutual desire to limit the strength of the FFC and STC within the National Assembly to whatever degree possible, the Liberal and Conservative parties formed a coalition in the prelude of the 1920 general election. While both parties lost seats to the radicals or other minor parties the liberal-conservative coalition won the election handedly, with Édouard retaining his office as executive minister and the conservative François Girardot assuming the role as head of state in the recently reformed position of Premier of Cassier.

Despite winning numerous seats in the National Assembly, functionalist and socialist groups were outraged by the election. Between 1922 to 1930, the Cassier was confronted by numerous mass labour uprisings, inter-ideological violence and a coup-attempt in the province of Chicadia, colloquially known as the Brawler’s War (Gaullican: ‘’Guerre des Bagarreurs”). The Cassien government dealt with these outbreaks swiftly. The federal and provincial governments of Cassier would declare martial law several times during this period, often employing the use of military force when negotiations and local police were believed to be insufficient.

It is generally accepted that Cassier was officially neutral during the Great War. Cassier was under Gaullican influence for much of the conflict, as its ties to the rest of the world were cut off through blockades and sanctions. Given the civil unrest taking place throughout Cassier, the coalition government believed that it was in no position to actively join the war. After intense negotiation between the Cassien and Gaullican governments it was decided that given its delicate domestic circumstances, Cassier would be exempted from fully committing to the war. It instead offered the metropole numerous concessions, namely raw materials, steel, food and machinery to Gaullica, as well as dispatched volunteer regiments. As the war turned against the Entente, Cassier covertly worked to align itself with the Grand Alliance, intending to ensure its independence in the post war world and see the wayward province of Terre-Belle returned during peace negotiations. Thousands of Cassiens illegally joined various foreign regiments with the Grand Alliance, predominantly joining Rizean, Eldmarkian, and anti-Functionalist Gaullican military forces. Both Cassier and Terre-Belle became increasingly cut off from the metropole by allied naval forces by 1932. Later that year, Terre-Belle was invaded and occupied by Rizealand with the assistance of local rebels and volunteers from the mainland.

The surrender of Gaullica to the allied powers in late 1934 marked a turning point for Cassier. The metropole’s conduct during the war, together with its ultimate defeat, dealt a mortal blow to the FFC and imperialists within Cassien politics. With the blessings of the Grand Alliance, Cassier conducted a national referendum regarding Cassien independence on March 28, 1935. The pro-independence side won with a 71% majority. The result was swiftly passed through the National Assembly by the coalition government, which ratified the results in the morning of April 1. Charles Lièvremont, the last premier and viceroy of Cassier, submitted the formal request to begin the process of creating an independent Cassier to Gaullica’s leaders, Albert III and Fayolle Giraud. The request was accepted by the end of that week, setting Cassier on the path towards sovereignty.

Between June 1935 and September 1936, politicians, statesmen and other notable Cassien citizens began drafting a Declaration of Independence and a Constitution for the new state. It was quickly decided that an independent Cassier would be a liberal democracy within the framework of a republic. After numerous setbacks and compromises the new constitution was submitted before a convention of Cassier’s provincial governments in September 1936, who unanimously approved, followed shortly by the National Assembly. At midnight on October 14, the government of Cassier issued its Declaration of Independence and simultaneously enacted its constitution, officially concluding 400 years of Gaullican rule in Asteria Superior

Contemporary period

Sustained economic expansion, urbanization and policy decisions led to the emergence of a new Cassien identity following its independence. The Liberal dominated government prioritized a domestically-oriented, socially democratic approach to governance, enacting programs such as universal healthcare, education initiatives and infrastructure improvements, amongst others. Additionally, in response to the outbreak of the Solarian War the Liberal government oversaw the beginning of Cassier's state of armed neutrality. While it remained a member of international organizations such as the Community of Nations and an active participant in peacekeeping or humanitarian missions, Cassier generally refrained from establishing ties which necessitated direct political, economic or military action. This policy was upheld despite the Conservative shift following in the 1950 general election and remained in place until 1991.

The 1950s and 60s were marked by major political and cultural shifts which shook the nation. The issue of institutionalized racism and discrimination against Cassier's ethnic and religious minorities, women and other disinfranchised groups were increasingly challenged by opposition movements. The approaches, objectives and public perception of these movements varied substantially. Among the most prominant were the peaceful movement for civil justice, whose nonviolent and inclusive approach towards confronting discrimination had earned it increasing public and political support. This was contrasted by the militant, Indigenous Peoples' Liberation Army (ALP) which, with Chistovodian backing, carried out terrorist attacks and insurgent activity throughout western Cassier during the Asterian Rebuttal in 1960, necessitating the deployment of military forces. [TO BE CONTINUED].

Geography and climate

Köppen climate classification types of Cassier.

At 9.35 million square kilometres, Cassier is the largest country in the world by total area. Cassier also possesses the world's largest quantity of freshwater lakes at over 3 million, the world's longest coastline, as well as longest land border which it shares with Rizealand. Its geographical boundaries are defined by the Vehemens and Florian Oceans in the west; to the Lumine Ocean in the east; and to the Florian Ocean to the north. In addition to its land borders, Cassier also has maritime boundaries with the Sorovian territory of George Ruset Land and Marchenia. Cassier also possesses one of the Asteria Superior's northernmost settlements, Cassien Defense Forces Station Balise, located near the northern tip of Daucourt Island – the second closest landmass to the North Pole.

Cassier's physical geography is highly diverse. A majority of Cassier's land acreage lies within its forested regions, including boreal, temperate broadleaf, and coniferous forests. The northernmost areas of Cassier's provinces and territores are characterized by polar regions and ice caps, with much of the Cassien arctic being widely covered by ice and permafrost due to cold ocean and air currents. Glaciated areas can also be found in the Imperial Mountains of Terre-Belle, and the Snowy Mountains of Montagne. The Cassien interior is characterized by large, relatively flat areas of grassland which hosts the majority of Cassien agricultural activities. Large freshwater lakes are also common throughout most of Cassier, several hundred of which have a surface area 100 square kilometers (39 sq mi) or greater. The largest of Cassier's lakes is Lake Beaumont, which is the largest body of freshwater in the world.

Cassier's position at the boundary of major tectonic plates makes it geologically active. Signs of volcanic activity is particularly prevelent in eastern Cassier, as seen from volcanoes such as Mount Carpentier, Mount Bérengère, the Mount Brunelle massif, and the Mount Constance volcanic complex. The last major eruption in Cassier occured when Mount Rousselle erupted in 1980, which caused a major economic and ecological disruption that was felt across Asteria Superior. Other signs of geological activity include frequent earthquakes and notable rift valleys.

Climate

Average temperatures across Cassier vary significantly from region to region. Winters in most of Cassier are generally cold and snowy, while its summers are normally mild and humid. Most of Cassier experiences either a subarctic or continental climate, where daily average temperatures during the winter are near −15 °C (5 °F), but can drop below −40 °C (−40 °F) with severe wind chills. Snow has been known to cover the ground for most of the year northern or high altitude areas. Cassier's coastal regions in general experience moderately high temperatures; generally in the low 20s °C (70s °F), while areas further inland see summer highs from 25 to 30 °C (77 to 86 °F). Average summer temperatures rarely exceed 40 °C (104 °F).

Recent climate trends such as global warming have resulted in a noticeable reduction in permafrost and icy areas in Cassier. Average temperatures have steadily warmed between 1.7 °C (3.1 °F) to 2.3 °C (2.0 to 4.1 °F), with northern and central Cassier seeing the fastest rates of warming. Air and water pollution, and resource extraction, have severely impacted Cassier's waterways and forests.

Politics and Government

Cassier is described as a "full democracy", that has traditionally followed a moderate liberal and egalitarian political ideology. The government is responsible in upholding the laws and rights outlined within the Consitution of Cassier. An emphasis on social justice and the promotion of public welfare has been a distinguishing element of Cassier's political culture originating from the 1757 Continental Decree which created the Domain of Cassier. Cassier is a parliamentary republic, with its government divided between legislative, executive, and judicial branches that are each accountable to each other.

National Assembly

The Citizens' House, meeting place of the Chamber of Representatives.

Cassier's legislature, called the National Assembly (Gaullican: Assemblée nationale), is responsible for the creation, proposition, and enactment of legislation. It is divided bicamerally into upper and lower houses. The lower house is the Chamber of Representatives (Gaullican: Chambre des représentants) and is made up of 400 representatives from single-member electorates of roughly equal population (one for every 100,000 people as of 2018). The upper house is the Chamber of Deputies (Gaullican: Chambre des députés), comprising of 39 representatives whom represent the governments of Cassier's provinces and territories, sending a predetermined amount based on their populations. Deputies are not directly elected by the citizenry but are instead appointed once every six years by the province or territory's legislative body.

The Chamber of Representatives is the dominant branch of the National Assembly. Although both chambers theoretically maintain equal powers, the responsibility of proposing legislation is left to the Chamber of Representatives as a matter of convention and tradition. Traditionally less partisan than the lower house, the Chamber of Deputies is responsible for reviewing legislation passed by the lower house. While it rarely outright opposes the lower house, the Chamber of Deputies may veto or amend a proposed bill given a two-thirds majority. In such a situation, the Chamber of Representatives may override the upper house's veto or amendment given a two-thirds majority after 180 days have passed.

Members of the Chamber of Representatives (often called MPs) are elected once every four years in a general election and may serve for a maximum of three, four-year terms. Representatives are elected by their constituents via a preferential instant-runoff voting system. After the conclusion of a general election the party that obtains a majority (200 seats) or forms a coalition with one or more other parties will be selected by the President to form a new government, with the party or coalition's leader ascending to the position of Executive Minister. As of the most recent general election, the Chamber of Representatives is governed by the Liberal, Reformist, and Green parties, together with liberal-indepedents and Indigenous party, form a coalition government. The opposition consists of the Conservative and Libertarian parties, along with conservative-indepedents.

The Senate House, meeting place of the Chamber of Deputies.

The Chamber of Deputies consists of members appointed by the provincial and territorial legislatures who are tasked with representing their respective governments. The number of members a province is entitled to is determined using a degressive proportionality method, based upon a province's population. Each is entitled to a minimum of four and a maximum of six Deputies, while territories are granted a maximum of two. The total number and allocation of seats within the Chamber of Deputies is reevaluated once every six years, with the most recent change occuring in 2008 resulting in an increase from 35 to 39 members and population milestones set to the following schema:

  • Territories will be granted 2 Deputies.
  • Provinces with 2 million inhabitants or fewer will be granted 4 Deputies.
  • Provinces with 5 million inhabitants will be granted 5 Deputies.
  • Provinces with 7 million inhabitants or more will be granted 6 Deputies.

Cassier is dominated by three parties at the federal level; the far left Reformist Party, the centre-left Liberal Party, and the centre-right Conservative Party. The historically dominant Liberal Party positions itself at the centre of the Cassien political spectrum, while the Conservative and Reformists parties are oriented to the right and left respectively. A total of six political parties were elected in the 2018 election; the Liberal Party; who currently have the most seats, followed by the Conservative Party, the Reformist Party, the Libertarians, Greens, and Indigenous Peoples parties. Additionally, independents also comprise a noticible minority within Cassien politics, holding 3 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 11 in the Chamber of Representatives. Extreme political parties have rarely played a prominent role in Cassien politics, with functionalist or socialist parties historically recieving only minor support within the National Assembly.

Executive

Front view of the Executive Offices.

The President of Cassier is the head of state, who serves as the main representative of the Republic both domestically and internationally. The President is elected once every 6 years in a popular election and may serve a maximum of two terms (12 years). The office is theoretically open to any Cassien citizen over the age of 40. The powers invested in the president are largely representative or ceremonial; serving as Cassier’s first ambassador during state or foreign visits, verifing the decisions made by the National Assembly; such as the appointment of theExecutive Minister of Cassier and members of the Cabinet, and calling elections. The President traditionally follows the advice given to them by the Executive Minister and the Cabinet, however they retain the right to act politically, though historically Cassien Presidents will avoid directly involving themselves in political matters.

Following general elections, the leader of ruling party within the Chamber of Representatives will be appointed by the President to take on the role of Executive Minister. The Executive Minister of Cassier is the head of government, who, along with the Cabinet, exercises the bulk of executive authority in Cassien politics. The Executive Minister works closely with their Cabinet, which is a council of senior government officials, ministers, or advisors who are appointed under the advice of the Executive Minister. Together, they advise and direct the President and by extension the direction of Cassien politics as a whole. This includes approving legislation made in the National Assembly, dissolving or postponing sessions of the National Assembly, calling for elections, appointing positions in the Cabinet or the Supreme Court, or to make declarations.

As a member of the National Assembly, the Executive Minister also assumes the role, responsibilities, and term limits of one of its members. They are subject to the term limits of their chamber (a maximum of 3, 4-year terms as a Representative, or 2, 6-year terms as a Deputy). Due to the fact that the Executive Minister is an appointed position, voters do not directly elect the Executive Minister in a national election like the President.

Constitution and Law

Frontal view of the Supreme Court Building.

The Constitution of Cassier outlines its system of government and the rights of its citizens or inhabitants. It is the supreme law of Cassier, meaning that federal legislation outweighs those of its provinces or territories, though these entities themselves must also abide by the constitution. The Cassien constitution incorporates many of the principles found within the constitutions of other Asterian and Euclean republics, such as the rule of law, the separation of powers, and extensive protections of civil and human rights.

Cassier’s judicial system has primarily been influenced by Gaullican civil law, though elements of Estmerish-Rizean common law are also present. Judicial authority at the federal level is vested in the Supreme Court of Cassier, which is composed of nine Judges who interpret and determine the constitutionality of legislation via judicial review. Judges in the Supreme Court are appointed by the President under the advice of the Executive Minister and with the approval of the Chamber of Deputies. After being appointed, Supreme Court Judges serve until they reach the age of 80, when they are required to retire from their position. Below the federal level, each province, territory, and local area also maintain their own court systems which serve as the highest courts of law within their respective divisions.

Provinces and territories

Cassier has eight provinces - Beaumont, Breloux, Chicadia, Katepas, Monbec, Montagne, New Sylvagne, and Terre-Belle - and two territories - Aurora and Borealia. Provinces receive power from the Cassien constitution, and are granted more autonomy than territories. They have the authority to enact their own policies and legislation free of federal scrutiny, so long as it does not violate the Cassien constitution. Provinces are also largely responsible for local tasks such as managing their education, health, and welfare systems. Cassier’s territories are granted a degree of autonomy similar to those of its provinces, but the federal government retains the right to enact or override legislation as they see fit. The federal government rarely exercises this right however, and Cassier’s territories are generally treated as if they were provinces.

Map Flag, name, and abbreviation Cities Ascension Population Representation
Capital Largest Representatives Deputies
Provinces of Cassier
Breloux BR Andade July 1, 1757 13,000,000 130 6
New Sylvagne NS Bellevue July 1, 1757 7,543,062 75 6
Monbec MC Monbec City Sainte-Marie July 1, 1757 6,000,000 60 5
Montagne MT Val Albert Barnier September 12, 1861 4,600,000 46 4
Katepas KA Saint-Élie Armeins May 11, 1858 4,000,000 40 4
Beaumont BT Nanowin January 24, 1793 2,200,000 22 4
Chicadia CH Chiboctoc July 1, 1757 1,983,563 19 3
Terre-Belle TB Porte-Calme July 1, 1757 519,685 6 3

Foreign Relations

Following its independence from Gaullica in 1936, Cassier entered into a period of non-alignment and neutrality. While it sought out ties with nations including Gaullica and Rizealand, and remained a major contributor towards humanitarian and peacekeeping efforts, Cassier did not participate in any major conflicts or interventions for most of the 20th century. Cassier reevaluated and abandoned its neutral foreign policy shortly after the Haillet's Crisis, and has since sought to pursue stronger, multilateral ties with other democratic nations and organizations.

Military

Economy

Energy

Industry

Infrastructure

Transport

Demographics

The 2016 Cassien Census indicated a total population of 39,889,032, an increase of around 5.0 percent over the 2011 figure. The main driver of population growth in Cassier is predominately immigration, with over a million immigrants arriving in Cassier between 2011 and 2016.

Cassier has one of the highest immigration rates per-capita in the world, spurred by economic policies. The general public, as well as the major political parties, have been supportive of the current level of immigration. Immigrants to Cassier have originate from a variety of different regions and countries, with most arriving from Coius and Asteria Inferior. The recent waves of immigrants settled mostly in major urban areas such as Andade, Sainte-Marie and Barnier.

Cassier's population density, at 4.2 inhabitants per square kilometre, the lowest in the world. About four-fifths of the population lives within 200 kilometres either Cassier's southern borders or coastlines. The most densely populated part of the country is the Saint Marcus Corridor in the provinces of Monbec and Breloux, residing mostly within the Saint Marcus river basin.

Largest urban areas by population

Downtown from Ward's Island (11741021983).jpg
Andade
Panoramic Boston.jpg
Bellevue

Rank Name Province Population

Montreal August 2017 05.jpg
Sainte-Marie
Concord Pacific Master Plan Area.jpg
Barnier

1 Andade Breloux 6,202,225
2 Sainte-Marie Monbec 4,991,732
3 Bellevue New-Sylvange 4,241,632
4 Barnier Montagne 2,642,825
5 Armeins Katepas 2,481,806
6 New Rayenne Breloux 1,481,377
7 Bougainville Katepas 1,418,118
8 Monbec Monbec 805,988
9 Nanowin Beaumont 705,386
10 Agniers Breloux 693,022

Education

Religion

Culture

Music and Art

Cuisine

Sports

The roots of organized sports in Cassier date back to the 1770s. Cassier’s official national sports are ice hockey and lacrosse. Other sports such as golf, soccer, baseball, tennis, skiing, badminton, volleyball, cycling, swimming, bowling, rugby union, canoeing, equestrian, squash and the study of martial arts are widely enjoyed by much of the population recreationally.

Cassier shares several major professional sports leagues with its neighbours. Cassien teams in these leagues include nine franchises in the Asterian Hockey League, as well as several !Major League Soccer teams and the Cassier men's national soccer team, at least one team in !Major League Baseball, and the !National Basketball Association. Other popular professional sports in Cassier include football, which is played in the Cassien Football League, National Lacrosse League lacrosse, and curling.