Asase Lewa: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 00:52, 10 March 2023
Bahian Council Republic of Asase Lewa | |
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Motto: "Subɔ Ameawo" "Serve the People" | |
Anthem: the Internationale | |
Capital and largest city | Edudzi Agyeman City |
Official languages | Asalewan |
Recognised national languages | Ajaizo Ashana Gundaya Lokpa |
Recognised regional languages | Over 100 Pygmy languages |
Ethnic groups (2020) | 41.2% Gundaya 17.6% Ashana 11.4% Lokpa 10.1% Ajaizo 9.8% Anlo 9.9% other |
Demonym(s) | Asalewan |
Government | Federal hybrid socialist council republic with party-state elements |
• Presidium of the Section of the Workers' International | List
|
• Presidium of the Supreme Workers' Council |
|
• General Secetary of the Section | Kwassi Kodjo |
• General Secretary of the Supreme Workers' Council | Name |
Legislature | Supreme Workers' Council |
Independence from Estmere | |
• Independence | 1951 |
• Formation of the Bahian People's Republic | May 1, 1953 |
• Formation of the Bahian Council Republic | May 1, 1969 |
Area | |
• Total | 828,719.36 km2 (319,970.33 sq mi) |
Population | |
• 2023 estimate | 70,636,291 |
• 2022 census | 69,420,396 |
• Density | 85.24/km2 (220.8/sq mi) |
GDP (PPP) | 2023 estimate |
• Total | $645.40 billion |
• Per capita | $9,137 |
GDP (nominal) | 2023 estimate |
• Total | $208.45 billion |
• Per capita | $2,951 |
Gini (2023) | 18.5 low |
HDI (2023) | 0.737 high |
Currency | Asalewan cedi (external) Work point (internal) (AC) |
Driving side | left |
Calling code | +963 |
ISO 3166 code | ASL |
Internet TLD | .asl |
Asase Lewa, officially the Bahian Council Republic of Asase Lewa, is a socialist middle-income country located in northern Bahia and Coius in Kylaris, bordering Sabawi to the north and Tiwura to the south. The third-most populous country in Bahia after Yemet and Mabifia, the country has a population of 70 million, one-fifth of whom live in the capital and largest city of Edudzi Agyeman City.
Like the rest of Bahia, Asase Lewa is one of the oldest continuously-inhabited countries in the world. The country was largely governed according to the egalitarian, communalistic Sâretic system until the tenth and eleventh countries, when the Irfanic conquests of Bahia led to the development of the Houregic system, the first recognizable states, throughout the region. However, Asase Lewa itself largely avoided Irfanization and remained largely Fetishist until the Toubacterie. Furthermore, modern, Houregic states did not develop in the Asalewan Highlands, where between one-fourth and one-third of the population lived; the Highlands instead saw the development of the ojeṣẹbun system[1], a modified version of Sâre. The division between the Asalewan Lowlands, which boasted exceptional agricultural fertility and whose inhabitants frequently fled to the Highlands to avoid state control and associated issues such as forced labor, and the Asalewan Highlands, avoiding state development and whose inhabitants frequently raided or invaded the Lowlands whenever the Highlands suffered from overpopulation, remained a prominent feature of Asalewan society until the twentieth century.
A center, albeit not the most important one, of the Transvehemens slave trade, the Asalewan Lowlands became a major exporter of the cash crops coffee and palm oil, and later cocoa, spices, abd above all sugar, in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. During and after the Bahian collapse, the Lowlands and an increasingly depopulated foothills and fringe between the Lowlands and Highlands were colonized during the Toubacterie in the nineteenth century. Except in majority-Ashana areas in northern Asase Lewa, the Toubacterie had a far more disruptive effect on Lowlander society than elsewhere in Bahia, as the colonial state reorganized Lowlander agriculture and economy for producing and exporting these cash crops under the Asalewan plantation system.
Alongside other Estmerish colonies, Asase Lewa achieved home rule in 1942 and then independence in 1951 under the conservative, pro-Estmere rule of Arko Kwarteng, who established a virtual single-party state by the late 1940s. However, Asase Lewa also saw far more radical anti-colonial movements than other Bahian states. The socialist Asalewan Section of the Workers' International successfully waged the Asalewan Revolution, a thirty-year revolutionary war which emerged victorious in 1953. In the 1950s and 1960s, the new state substantially reduced the Highland-Lowland divide by ending the centuries-long Ojeṣẹbun system through collectivization, established a command economy that made significant progress in economic development, healthcare, and education, and achieved one of the largest reductions in economic inequality in history. However, the Section established an authoritarian political system, first under a tripatite power-sharing agreement and then single-party state, and presided over mass popular killings of dissidents and class enemies Nutiklɔdzo. In the 1960s, crisis triggered by the Sugar Crash and the collapse of the United Bahian Republic, which Asase Lewa was a member of, led Asalewan leader Edudzi Agyeman to launch the Protective-Corrective Revolution, which caused considerable chaos but eventually led to the establishment of a multi-party council republic, and the reorganization of the Asalewan economy under the framework of participatory economics and labor vouchers, supplemented by a large, generous welfare state and rationing-based subsidies for basic goods.
Commentators usually classify Asase Lewa as a hybrid regime and flawed, or Southern, democracy. Criticism of the socialist system is strictly prohibited and monitored by the Revolutionary Councilist Defence Committees, and the Section, which no longer participates in elections, retains significant power in Asalean society, most prominently the power to veto candidates, de facto total control over foreign policy, and close integration with the People's Revolutionary. From 1979 to 1984 and 2014 to 2016, military-backed self-coups led to mass expulsions of Section members and temporary direct Section control over the country, a legally-formalized state of exception ideologically justified through the doctrine of Perpetual-Cyclical Revolution. Nevertheless, elections are considered free and Asase Lewa retains a pluralistic political system, albeit one within the strict confines the Section imposes. Furthermore, the country has—during both colonial and socialist rule—boasted one of the wealthiest, most productive, and most diversified economies in the region, metrics supplemented since the Asalewan Revolution by comparatively high rankings on key metrics of human development such as literacy, life expectancy, infant mortality, and malnutrition, and by one of the most egalitarian distributions of wealth in the world. A member of the Association for International Socialism, the country is closely aligned with other socialist countries, particularly the Brown Sea Community, and is additionally a member of the Community of Nations, International Forum for Developing States, and Congress of Bahian States.
Etymology
Formerly named Odo by Estmerish colonial authorities after the Odo River (a tautological place name, as Odo means "river" in Gundaya), the country was renamed Asase Lewa by the Section of the Workers' International, or "beautiful land" in the two-most common languages of the country: "Asase" means land in Ashana and "Lewa" means beautiful in Gundaya.
History
Pre-colonial history
Colonial History
Asalewan Revolution
Independence and Revolutionary Victory
Bahian People's Republic and the Socialist Developmental State
Protective-Corrective Revolution
Bahian Council Republic
Geography
Lowland-Highland Divide
Climate
- Highlands mostly tropical and subtropical rainforests
- Lowlands a mixture of rainforests and savannahs
- More arid further north in the country
Biodiversity
- Lots of large mammals; one of the few remaining places where there are mountain gorillas
Deforestation and Reforestation
Asase Lewa is home to some of the most prominent and expansive examples of both deforestation and reforestation in the modern world. Though an estimated 90% of the country's land was covered by forest in 1800, its forest cover declined severely in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, going from an estimated 90% of the country's land in 1800 to 70% in 1900, 40% in 1950, and 30% in 1970. Most forests were felled to grow cash crop plantations, especially coffee, cocoa, and above all sugarcane plantations. To a lesser extent, trees were increasingly felled in the early twentieth century to produce charcoal. Deforestation peaked in th}e 1930s and 1940s, primarily thanks to the invention of the sugarcane harvester, reducing the need for labor and further accelerating sugarcane production. In addition to deforestation, the biodiversity of many existing forests, especially in the Asalewan Lowlands, severely decreased as forests became modified for the purpose of coffee and to a lesser extent palm oil monocultures.
Deforestation and environmental degradation continued after the Asalewan Revolution, with the government's developmental goals involving the continuing intensification of cash crop production and its mass construction of hydroelectric dams frequently resultling in substantial flooding of forested areas. However, deforestation slowed after the Revolution, and halted in the Asalewan Highlands, as the Revolution politically empowered Pygmies, whose livelihoods largely depended on forests and agitated for their protection and were the key supporters of the Revolution in Highland areas.
By the 1970s, the Protective-Corrective Revolution further empowered Pygmies and various other environmental activists against deforestation. In additional to this environmental activism, a number of factors reduced developmental pressures for deforestation: the discovery of oil and natural gas in Asase Lewa, along with industrialization, reduced the importance of cash crops to the Asalewan economy, widespread electrification and subsidization of domestically-produced fuels severely reduced demand for charcoal, substantial agricultural development associated with the increasing availability of fertilizer substantially increased cash crops' land productivity, and Asase Lewa sought to restrict sugar production following the international overproduction that led to the Sugar Crash. Furthermore, broad sections of Asalewan society, beyond just the Pygmy population, took increasing interest in forest protection thanks to fears of desertification and policymakers' attempts to promote ecotourism following advent of mass international tourism in the 1970s and 1980s.
The result of this confluence of increased Pygmy empowerment, reduced pressures for deforestation, and non-Pygmy support for forest protection was Asase Lewa's initiation of an early and ongoing reforestation campaign in the 1970s. This campaign has substantially increased Asase Lewa's forest cover in the past 50 years, with forests now covering approximately 50% of Asase Lewa's landmass, the highest level since the 1930s. Associated with this campaign of reforestation has been other environmental protection measures, including the creation of national parks, nature reserves, and severe restrictions on the hunting of endangered fauna, most famously megafauna that attract ecotourism such as mountain gorillas, Bahian elephants, and lions.
Government and politics
Section of the Workers' International
Government
- Council republic with Section supervision
Politics
- Divided between the Machete camp (more "hardline," descended from the radicals during the Protective-Corrective Revolution), the Reed camp (more "reformist," descended from the moderates during the Protective-Corrective Revolution), and the Molasses camp (pure pork-barrel)
- Camps are comprised of more-organized groups that are for the most part clientelistic and non-ideological, support bases depend on who one's family supported during the Protective-Corrective Revolution
- But more repoliticization since the Anti-Revisionist Revolutoin
Military
- Mandatory military conscription from 18 to 19 and non-military conscriptio from 19 to 20
- Military conscription used just as much as a way to install ideological conformity and national identity as for military purposes
- Mandatory service in popular militias for all citizen aged 20 to 60 (Militias became an important part of counterinsurgency during the Lokpaland insurgency)
- Between a brown and green-water navy
- Stronk military has stronk influence over the Section and politics, closely aligned with the Section and sees itself as guardians of the political order like in Turkey
Foreign relations
- Homies with socialists
- Kinda homies (but only kinda) with Zorasan and Shangea
- Very much sees itself as the leader of the Bahian left, kind of like Cuba
- Relations with the EC are better than they used to be for mostly economic relations, but still not very good
Economy
Economic structure
- Participatory economics: workers' and consumers' councils, labor vouchers, etc.
- Computerized facilitation board
Agriculture
Asase Lewa has historically served as a major agricultural exporter, particularly of certain key cash crops. The Toubacterie substantially reoriented Asalewan economy and land use towards the export of cash crops, beginning with palm oil and coffee began to be cultivated for export in large numbers in the late 18th century and supplemented by cocoa and sugarcane also emerging as key cash crops during the 19th century. The production of sugarcane, especially, became a major part of the Asalewan economy and by far Asase Lewa's largest export by the early 20th century. Though initially largely comprised of smallholder producers, cash crop agriculture became increasingly consolidated into large plantations under the Asalewan plantation system.
The mass export of cash crops continues to the present day; both land and labor productivity, and thus production, has substantially increased beginning in the late colonial and socialist periods thanks to the increasing mechanization of farming, exemplified by technologies such as the sugarcane harvester, and new agricultural techniques involving substantial use of fertilizers and pesticides, measures supplemented by extensive agrarian reform since the 1950s. Asase Lewa remains a major cash crop exporter today, though the importance of cash crops to Asalewan economy has declined thanks to industrialization and Asase Lewa's increasing export of petroleum and natural gas, resulting in the Caldish curse.
The historic domination of Asalewan agriculture by large plantations has, further, only intensified since the Asalewan Revolution, and Asalewan agriculture today is dominated by collective farming. Land reform after the Revolution primarily entailed the expropriation rather than breakup of the plantations; remaining smallholder producers, primarily subsistence farmers, saw their lands collectivized, with both collective farms and expropriated plantations consolidated into large Peasant Communes by the 1970s, which remain to this day. In addition to substantial cultivation of cash crops, other products substantially cultivated in Asase Lewa, primarily staples grown for domestic consumption, include cassava, sorghum, and amaranth, the atter of which was substantially imported from the Asterias during the 1950s and 1960s as a supposed "miracle" crop.
Energy
- Semi-major oil and gas exporter
- Hydroelectric dams heavily constructed in the 1950s/1960s/early 1970s before the discovery of oil, sitll an important source of energy for domstic consumption that supplements oil and gas
Mining
- Exporter of nickel, copper, and gold
- But not enough resources to become a commodities-based economy like Yemet or Mabifia
Industry
- Decent amount of light industry for domestic consumption
- Most heavy industry is related to things the country produces; nickel, copper, and sugar refineries, etc.
Services
Tourism
- Decent amount of ecotourism; one of the few countries where someone can visit mountain gorillas
- Government has tried to promote Asase Lewa as a nearby tropical vacation spot for Eucleans (not super successful)
- Popular-ish vacation spot for left-wing Bahians in the Asterias who can afford to travel
Demographics
Languages and ethnicity
- Asalewan is the lingua franca, language of the state and of instruction in schools
- But most people's first language is the language of their ethnicity, usually not Asalewan
Religion
- Officially state atheist
- About half of Asalewans consider themselves irreligious, about 40% Sotirian, about 10% Irfanic
- Very few people consider themselves adherents of traditional religions but most Asalewans practice traditional religion in some way, but they don't see it as religious and see themselves as either irreligious, Sotirian, or Irfanic
- About 25% of the population are actually irreligious
Urbanization
- About 70% of Asalewans live in urban areas
- Though large numbers of Asalewans live most of the year in urban areas but spend a few months during the harvest living and working in the countryside
Education
- Compulsory education from 5 to 18
- About 10% of Asalewans pursue higher education; getting a college degree is closely associated with Section status
- College students are selected by local communities (like worker-peasant-soldier students in 1970s China)
- Decent amount of educational instruction is focused on localized economic practices
- Ideological and political education also an important part of education
- Some democratic education aspects thrown in
Healthcare
- Pretty good single-payer healthcare - "We live live like poor people, but we die like rich people"
- Lots of doctors and nurses per capita
Transport
- Very low car ownership
- Bicycles the main way most people get around
- Intercity bus service and bus rapid transit in cities heavily used
- Metro in Edudzi Agyeman City
Culture
Art
- Traditional art = Similar to West African art in Asase Lewa's cultural influences, particularly Yoruba art since Yoruba are the plurality
- Art today is inspired by styles from socialist realism and folk art
- The government heavily promotes folk art and a minimum percentage of art at any given museum or exhibit is required to be folk art
Literature
- Substantial residual orality until the twenty-first century because most Asalewans were illiterate until the Revolution
- Proletarian literature was basically the only allowed literature from the 1950s to the 1980s, still fairly popular
- Things are more liberalized now
- The combination of mass literacy and low television and Internet access means there is a thriving culture of printed media and literature
Music
- Revolutionary songs and folk music heavily promoted from the 1950s to the 1980s, still fairly popular
- What would IRL be called desert blues is fairly popular
Cuisine
- Traditional cuisine supplemented by amaranth-based recipes because the government saw it as a miracle cop
- Asalewans really really REALLY like tea, traditional tea ceremonies are an integral part of socializing
Media
- Radios are ubiquitous, but television and Internet access is very low
- However, movie theaters and film are ubiquitous, which combined with the absence of television and Internet access means there is a thriving film culture and industry (socialist Nollywood!)
Sport
As in most countries, sports and physical exercise and recreation is very important part to Asalewan culture. Most Asalewan children and adults are members of amateur recreation leagues, swimming and cycling clubs, or gymnastics associations. Besides its primary functions of serving as a popuar source of recreation, the Asalewan state and Section extensively promote mass participation in sports as an important way to integrate mass organizations—which most amateur recreation leagues, swimming and cycling clubs, and gymnastics associations are affiliated with—into daily life, and to promote an extensive, militaristic culture of physical fitness so that Asalewans are physically prepared to defend the nation if necessary. Physical education is a mandatory subject in Asalewan schools and mass organizations extensively sponsor and organize recreation leagues, swimming and cycling clubs, and gymnastics associations.
The Asalewan state and Section has particularly engaged in an extensive project of promoting gymnastics, uplifting the sport from little popularity during the pre-colonial and colonial periods to extensive popularity during the socialist period. A tradition inherited from the workers' gymnastic associations of Euclean mass socialist parties, Asalewan political elites have extensively promoted, especially in its non-competitive form, for its perceived utility in promotings collectivistic and communalistic political and cultural goals. In particular, Asalewan mass games, the largest choreographed events in the world, are an extensive part of Asalewan political, sporting, and communal culture. An estimated 150,000 athletes and participants are involved in the annual International Workers' Festival at Edudzi Agyeman Memorial Stadium in Edudzi Agyeman City, with hundreds of thousands more participants involved in smaller mass games in other urban areas and additional mass games held on notable anniversaries, such as centennials, of other public holidays.
In addition to this mass participation, spectator sports are also popular in Asase Lewa. The near-total lack of television and the Internet in the country, and the construction of very large stadiums in large urban areas for the purpose of hosting mass games that are otherwise used for hosting other sports and cultural events throughout the year, means that physical attendance at spectator sports, either in arenas where games are held or broadcasts of games, is high relative both to countries at similar income levels and, in some cases, substantially wealthier countries. Except at the most elite levels of competition, few sports players are professionals, with the country's extensive populist political and cultural tradition contributing to a substantial culture of amateurism.
Forms of folk wrestling, closely related to the Mabifian sport of Inchema and part of the broader tradition of Bahian wrestling, have been practiced for centuries and are the most popular type of sport dating from the pre-colonial era, attracting large crowds and serving as a regular form of physical exercise and recreation for many Asalewans. In the modern era, however, association football has surpassed both gymnastics and wrestling as the country's most popular sport. Except among children, who as members of the Pioneer Workers' League perform the most important roles in mass games, football recreation leagues surpass both wrestling leagues and gymnastics associations as the most popular physical recreation leagues in the country. Association football is also the country's most popular spectator sport and where the few professional sports players in Asase Lewa are largely concentrated. The Asalewan national football team's qualification for, and performance at, the IFF Coupe du monde has become a mass sensation for the country and occassion for extensive displays of Asalewan patriotism and nationalism. The country participated in and extensively sponsored the Games of the Red Star until the 1954 to 1990, hosting the headquarters of its organizing assocation, the Association of Emerging Socialist Sportsmen, from 1965 to 1990. After the Games of the Red Star were last held in 1990 thanks to the Association of Emerging Socialist Economies's dissolution in 1988, the country began to attend the Invictus Games.
Communal culture
- Asalewan culture is very collectivist
- Mixture of traditional collectivist values, socialist policies, and relative poverty meaning resources have to be shared to ensure an okay-ish, equitable standard of living all reinforcing this collectivism
- Communal apartments, dining halls, and bathhouses all ubiquitous, half because of poverty and half because of socialism
- Radicals tried to experiment with kibbutz-style sleeping in the 1970s but this was largely involuntary and unpopular, but some people still practice it
- Almost all Asalewans are members of fraternal organizations, usually affiliated in some way with the Section (Pioneer and youth wings, women's clubs, CDRs, etc.)
- Despite the government's attempts to stamp them out, kinship networks are important-ish, important indicator of political loyalties
Public holidays
As part of the Asalewan state and Section's attempt to establish a new socialist culture largely untethered to either the colonial or pre-colonial pasts, no public holidays in Asase Lewa are either traditional religious or cultural celebrations, and only four holidays—New Year's Eve and Day, Mothers' Day, and Fathers' Day—have a substantially depoliticized character. Virtually all other public holidays in Asase Lewa are either anniversaries of key moments in Asalewan revolutionary and post-revolutionary history, the birthdays of Asalewan revolutionary leaders, or the celebrations of social movements or classes which have mass organizations affiliated with the Section: International Women's Day, celebrating the international feminist movement; International Workers' Day, by far the most important holiday in Asase Lewa; International Children's Day, in Asse Lewa viewed as the celebration of the youth movement and pioneer movement; and Peasants' Day.
In concert with this explicitly politicized orientation, and Asalewan communal culture more broadly, most public holidays in Asase Lewa feature extensive marches, rallies, and demonstrations, usually organized by Section mass organizations. The most important national holidays, namely International Workers' Day and key five and ten-year anniversaries of other major holidays, also feature mass games, usually featuring members of the Pioneer Workers' League. Both cultural anthropologists and Asalewan organizers themselves have described these public holidays as important displays of collective effervescence, in which the crowd collectively displays extreme emotion as part of a conscious effort to unify and politicize the Asalewan population. This includes mass displays of collective joy on holidays such as Revolutionary Action, Theory, and Democracy Days, mass anger and rage on Pan-Bahianism Day, and collective grief on Martyrs' Day and Revolutionary Succession Day. Even during periods of mass depoliticization, such as the Years of Reed from the 1980s to the 2010s, these public holidays remained occassions for extensive participation in, and performance of, mass politics, albeit in a largely controlled format. This exercise of mass politics ranged from these displays of extreme collective emotion to mass games to reminders of the holidays' explicitly political character; International Women's Day, for example, advances feminist activism by being a non-working holiday for Asalewan women but not for Asalewan men, and is conceived of as a women's day off, in which Asalewan women do not perform any work, including housework, of any kind.
Public holidays | Date |
---|---|
New Year's Day | January 1 |
Mothers' Day | January 7 |
Fathers' Day | January 14 |
Revolutionary Action Day | February 1[2] |
Revolutionary Theory Day | February 25[3] |
International Women's Day | March 8 |
Revolutionary Indefatigability Day | March 21[4] |
Revolutionary Democracy Day | April 11[5] |
International Workers' Day[6] | May 1-3 |
Pan-Bahianism Day | May 13[7] |
International Children's Day | June 1 |
Revolutionaries' Day | July 10[8] |
Martyrs' Day | July 30[9] |
Soldiers' Day | September 2[10] |
Revolutionary Succession Day | September 27[11] |
Scholars' and Students' Day | October 30[12] |
Anti-Tribalism Day | November 14[13] |
Peasants' Day | December 7 |
New Year's Eve | December 31 |
Notes
- 1.^ Portmanteau of ojeṣẹ, the Yoruba word for duty, and ẹbun, the Yoruba word for gift (writing down for myself to include in etymology should I create an article on this later on).
- 2.^ The birthday of Asalewan revolutionary leader Edudzi Agyeman.
- 3.^ The birthday of Soravian revolutionary socialist Yuri Nemtsov, theorist of Nemtsovism.
- 4.^ The birthday of Chistovodian socialist leader Konstantyn Tretyak, theorist of Tretyakism.
- 5.^ The anniversary of the outbreak of the Protective-Corrective Revolution.
- 6.^ The national day and by far the most important holiday in Asase Lewa, commemorating both the international workers' movement and the foundation of the Asalewan state, proclaimed on May 1.
- 7.^ The anniversary of the Conference for the Promotion of the Pan-Bahian Idea.
- 8.^ The anniversary of the foundation of Asalewan Section of the Workers' International.
- 9.^ The anniversary of the 1912 Alààyè Massacre.
- 10.^ The death day of Asalewan revolutionary leader Edudzi Agyeman.
- 11.^ The anniversary of the September 2 Statement, widely considered the beginning of the Asalewan Revolution.
- 12.^ The birthday of Asalewan revolutionary leader Adelaja Ifedapo.
- 13.^ The anniversary of the outbreak of the Anti-Tribal Revolution.