Arthasthan

Socialist Republic of Arthadesh अर्थदेश समाजवादी गणराज्य Árthadeśá Samājvādī Gaṇrājya
Flag State emblem
Motto: यतो धर्मस्ततो जयः "Yato Dharmas-Tato Jayaḥ" "Whence Dharma, thence victory"
Location of Arthadesh in Coius.
Capital and largest city	Nadipatnam
Official languages	Samundrese
Recognised national languages	Utcalan Prasumi
Ethnic groups (2019)	Samundrese (35.3%) Utcalan (21.7%) Prasumi (19.3%) Vanavasi (13.8%) Tamisari (6.5%) Other (3.4%)
Demonym(s)	Arthani
Government	Federal parliamentary constitutional republic
• First Secretary	Abhijit Kamalanayan
• Premier	Jaidayal Indushekhar
Legislature	Assembly
Independence from Etruria
• Formation of the Commandery	1946
• Declaration of the Socialist Republic	1967
Area
• Total	625,945.6 km2 (241,678.9 sq mi)
• Water (%)	4.5
Population
• 2020 estimate	107,281,772
• Density	171.39/km2 (443.9/sq mi)
GDP (nominal)	2020 estimate
• Total	$816 billion
• Per capita	$7,607
Gini (2020)	31.237 medium
HDI (2020)	0.620 medium
Currency	Masha
Driving side	right

Arthadesh (Samundrese: अर्थदेश, Árthadeśá), officially the Socialist Republic of Arthadesh (Samundrese: अर्थदेश समाजवादी गणराज्य, Árthadeśá Samājvādī Gaṇrājya), is a sovereign state in Satria, bordered by Padaratha to the west, Rajyaghar to the east, Ajahadya to the southeast, and Baekjeong to the south. It is the second most populated country in Satria with a population of nearly 110 million. The country is divided into 11 provinces, four autonomous regions including the disputed territory of Minkathala, and the Capital Territory of Nadipatnam.

The area which makes up Arthadesh has been continuously inhabited for thousands of years, with archaeological remains recording the presence of sedentary agriculture from around 4,300 BCE and the existence of pastoralist groups before this time. Located at the delta of the Bashurat river, Arthadesh was a heartland for the development of the Sataro-Euclean peoples who arrived from the east and subjugated the endemic peoples. The fertile valleys of the Bashurat river helped grow several large states in the antique era, making Arthadesh a centre of religious and philosophical as well as economic exchange. This led to the birth of the Ashrama, philosophical and theological schools which centred upon religious asceticism and pacifism.

Under the Ashramic period, which began around 700 BCE and which would continue until the emergence of the Sangma as a rival power, the region of modern day Arthadesh was the home of several wealthy states. However, at the coming of the common era, the Ashramic princedoms were subjugated by the Sangma dynasty. The region would remain under the Sangma for the majority of the dynasty's history, before the Nadipatnam Thakurate broke away and fought several wars with the central state. As Sangma power receded, more Arthani Thakurates would break away, eventually forming a confederacy of princely states called the Chamtamula Confederacy in the south. In the north, various minor states existed, which would eventually form the Rajadom of Pali. The confederacy was partially conquered by the Togoti Khaganate; its eastern region was directly annexed and its southern region was vassalized. Following the collapse of the Togoti Khaganate, a major general named Akdoğan, established his own fiefdom which became the Rajadom of Akdoğan. The Rajadom of Akdoğan faced strong competition from the Rajadom of Ajahadya to the east, and the Rajadom of Pali to the north. Desiring support, the Rajadoms turned to Euclea and especially Etruria and Narozalica for support. While this was at first manifested by increased trade and military advisors, the Euclean powers began to extract concessions. Kassar, modern day Nagapur, was granted to Narozalica following a limited armed campaign against Pali, and in 1840s the Pali and Akdoğans and were forced to cede their states to Etrurian rule.

During the Great War, Arthadesh supplied troops to Etruria but was also a centre of activity for anti-Euclean resistance. After almost a century of Etrurian colonization and repression, anti-colonialist movements were largely destroyed, but the remaining nationalists and anti-colonialists under the Satrian Section of the Workers' International were ardent socialists with the aim of establishing a socialist state. Independence would come during the Solarian War, led by the National Liberation Army. Following independence it established itself as a Pardal Republic known as the Satrian Commandery, ruled by the Arthani wing of the Arthadesh dominated Satrian Section. In the following decades after independence, Arthadesh participated in multiple conflicts in Satria. In 1967, the Commandery was dissolved and the Socialist Republic was officially formed, marking the end of its attempt to form a pan-Satrian socialist state.

Arthadesh is classified as a flawed democracy and as a Southern democracy due to the influence of the Arthani Subsection. Ethnic and religious divides are also present, due to the diverse nature of the state which unites many different groups and religions. Arthadesh is a developing nation, reliant on agricultural production, manufacturing, commercial fishing, and tourism for the nation’s economy. The country is considered a middle power in Kylaris due its population and geographic location. Due to its status as a socialist country it is a full member of the Association for International Socialism. It is also an observer member of the BCO and a full member of COMDEV, the Community of Nations, and the International Trade Organization.

Etymology

On its own, the Parbhan word अर्थ (ártha) is defined as "meaning", "aim", and "purpose", but when placed into various compound words its definition can vary considerably. The Parbhan word देश (deśá) refers to "nation" or "country". When the suffix देश (deśá) is added, ártha means "wealth" and "prosperity" so the compound word árthadeśá literally means "country of wealth" or "country of prosperity".

Government and politics

Arthadesh's uncofidied constitution, the People's Laws of Arthadesh, declares that the country is founded on the principles of socialism with the goal of achieving a socialist society. The Laws officially establishes this socialist state within the framework of as a federal democratic republic governed by a parliamentary system. However in practice the Arthani branch of the Satrian Section of the Worker's International (SSWI) has played a dominant role in the politics of the country.

The Arthani Subsection has integrated itself into the structure of the government and operating party functions in parallel with the civil government. The party has taken over some government functions such as national defence, through the Army of the Socialist Revolution which is ultimately under the control of the party's leadership rather than the state. Despite the generally democratic nature of the party's structure, scholars allege that it only serves to co-opt political movements that could oppose the party. In addition it also used for party-led mass mobilization that allows the Section create and maintain public support. While Arthadesh's constitution guarantees basic civil and political rights for all of its citizens, the government has inconsistently followed or ignored these protections entirely. The state is generally unconcerned with the daily lives of its citizens, but is generally intolerant of internal dissent such as criticism of the state. Thus freedom of speech and freedom of the press are de facto restricted. If its power is seriously threatened it usually resorts to electoral fraud and violent repression. Thus, Arthadesh is often considered by scholars to be an illiberal democracy, a Southern democracy, or an outright authoritarian state.

Government

The People's Laws defines the Premier as the highest de jure state authority. The Premier is a member of parliament supported by a parliamentary majority who serves as head of government for a four year term, renewable once. The Premier is responsible for the exercise of executive powers in implementing the decrees and general policies approved by the Assembly. The Premier is assisted by a council of ministers, known as the Executive Council, who are appointed by the Premier and approved by the Assembly. Together the Premier and the Executive Council coordinates government decisions, and selects government policies to be placed before the legislature.

The legislature of Arthadesh, known as the Assembly of Arthadesh, is a unicameral body consisting of around 600 members elected by Party-list proportional representation in multi-seat constituencies. Parliamentary elections are scheduled every four years, but unstable coalitions or a no-confidence vote by the Assembly can dissolve a government earlier. The Assembly wields legislative supremacy, granting it extensive legislative powers. The Assembly also has the authority to modify the constitution through a two-thirds majority vote, although it needs approval by a majority of the Supreme Court.

Arthani Subsection

The People's Laws of Arthadesh declares that the Satrian Section of the Workers' International – Arthani Subsection "as the regional representative of the Workers' International, plays a leading role in the development of a socialist state" which constitutionalises its prominent status in Arthani politics. Since the foundation of the republic, the party institutions of the SSWI operate in parallel and in conjunction with normal government institutions. The party is controlled by its general party membership, who oversees to higher bodies and elects them. The degree of control the party is able to exercise over the state bureaucracy varies considerably, with the bureaucracy pursuing different interests that are at times in conflict with the party. In addition, the party is not monolithic and factions and rivalries are common.

The highest office within the party and de facto head of state of Arthadesh is the First Secretary. In addition to performing duties as head of state, the Secretary is commander in chief of the Army of the Socialist Revolution, and performs numerous key administrative functions of the party by controlling its national organisation. The First Secretary and other high level party officials are elected by the National Party Congress, which is held annually. The National Congress servers as an official platform for debate within the party as it determines and approves party policy. The last major party institution is the People's Congress which is an assembly of representatives of various organizations affiliated with the SSWI such as labour unions, youth organizations, cultural organizations, charities, and other groups. Its main purpose is to coordinate the policies of the national government with its member organisations. In addition it has de facto legislative powers, as many of its members are also Assembly delegates. While the Congress began as a party institution, it is increasingly functioning as part of the federal government, especially since membership of the Congress was opened to groups not directly affiliated with the SSWI.

Demographics

The country is the second most populated country in Satria behind Ajahadya, with its population estimated to be around 107 million people in 2021. The annual growth rate, calculated by the last census in 2018, was reported to be 1.45%. The total fertility rate is estimated to be 1.7 children per woman, which continues a declining trend over the last couple decades. However the median age of the country is 23.6 years old with the majority of the country below 30 years old. There is an estimated 102.3 males for every 100 females in 2021. The average life expectancy is 72.2 years, with 69.2 years for men and 75.5 years for women.

The majority of Arthadesh's population live in the Lower Bashurat River Basin, the region where the Bashurat River enters the Bay of Satria.