Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics: Difference between revisions

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{{WIP}}
{{WIP}}
{{Infobox country
{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name = Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics
| conventional_long_name = Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics
|native_name                = اتحاد جماهیراسلامی آسیای<br> ''Ettehād-ye Jamaheer-ye Erfāni-ye Nasagheer''</small><br>اتحاد الجمهوريات الإسلامية الآسيوية<br>''al-Ittiḥād al-Jumhūrīat al-Erfānīyah al-Nausiawia''
|native_name                = اتحاد جماهیراسلامی آسیای<br> ''Ettehād-ye Jamaheer-ye Erfāni-ye Zorasāni''</small><br>اتحاد الجمهوريات الإسلامية الآسيوية<br>''al-Ittiḥād al-Jumhūrīat al-Erfānīyah al-Korsāniyy''
|common_name                =  
|common_name                = Zorasan
|image_flag                  = Flag of the UNIR.png
|image_flag                  = Flag of the UNIR.png
|alt_flag                    =  
|alt_flag                    =  
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|capital                    = [[Zahedan]]
|capital                    = [[Zahedan]]
|largest_city                = Zahedan
|largest_city                = Zahedan
|official_languages          = {{wp|Arabic}}<br>{{wp|Farsi|Pasdani}}
|official_languages          = {{wp|Arabic}}<br>{{wp|Farsi|Pardarian}}
|national_languages          =  
|national_languages          =  
|regional_languages          =  
|regional_languages          =  
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|languages2_type = Religion
|languages2_type = Religion
|languages2 =  
|languages2 =  
|ethnic_groups              = [[Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics#Demographics|See Ethnicity]]
|ethnic_groups              = [[Union of Nautasian Zorasani Republics#Demographics|See Ethnicity]]
|ethnic_groups_year          =  
|ethnic_groups_year          =  
|demonym                    = Nautasian
|demonym                    = Nautasian
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|leader_title4              = [[Speaker of the Supreme Assembly]]
|leader_title4              = [[Speaker of the Supreme Assembly]]
|leader_name4                = [[Ibrahim Al-Fahim]]
|leader_name4                = [[Ibrahim Al-Fahim]]
|legislature  = [[Supreme Assembly of the Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics|Supreme Assembly]]
|legislature  = [[Supreme Assembly of the Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics|Supreme Assembly]]
|upper_house  = [[Superior Council of the Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics|Superior Council]]
|upper_house  = [[Superior Council of the Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics|Superior Council]]
|lower_house  = [[Popular Council of the Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics|Popular Council]]
|lower_house  = [[Popular Council of the Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics|Popular Council]]
|sovereignty_type            =
|sovereignty_type            =
|sovereignty_note            =  
|sovereignty_note            =  
|established_event1          = [[Arduous Revolution]]  
|established_event1          = [[Arduous Revolution]]  
|established_date1          = 31 October 1926
|established_date1          = 31 October 1953
|established_event2          = Constitution adopted
|established_event2          = Constitution adopted
|established_date2          = 4 November 1926
|established_date2          = 4 November 1953
|established_event3          = Treaty of Unification
|established_event3          = Treaty of Unification
|established_date3          = 22 May 1939
|established_date3          = 22 May 1956
|established_event4          = [[Irvadistan War]]
|established_event4          = [[Irvadistan War]]
|established_date4          = 1974-1979
|established_date4          = 1974-1979
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|established_date5          = 6 April 1979
|established_date5          = 6 April 1979
|established_event6          = Current constitution
|established_event6          = Current constitution
|established_date6          = 10 May 2018
|established_date6          = 10 May 1984
|area_rank                  =  
|area_rank                  =  
|area_magnitude              =  
|area_magnitude              =  
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|area_label2                =  
|area_label2                =  
|area_dabodyalign            =  
|area_dabodyalign            =  
|population_estimate        = 127,323,104
|population_estimate        = 173,112,587
|population_estimate_rank    =  
|population_estimate_rank    =  
|population_estimate_year    = 2018
|population_estimate_year    = 2018
|population_census          = 123,889,600
|population_census          = 171,998,206
|population_census_year      = 2012
|population_census_year      = 2012
|population_density_km2      = 38.159
|population_density_km2      =
|population_density_sq_mi    =
|population_density_sq_mi    =
|population_density_rank    =
|population_density_rank    =
|GDP_PPP                    = $1.516 trillion
|GDP_PPP                    = $2.077 trillion
|GDP_PPP_rank                =
|GDP_PPP_rank                =
|GDP_PPP_year                =  
|GDP_PPP_year                =  
|GDP_PPP_per_capita          = $12,002.59
|GDP_PPP_per_capita          = $12,002.59
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank    =
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank    =
|GDP_nominal                = $941.738 billion
|GDP_nominal                = $1.290 trillion
|GDP_nominal_rank            =
|GDP_nominal_rank            =
|GDP_nominal_year            =
|GDP_nominal_year            =
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|iso3166code                =
|iso3166code                =
|calling_code                =  
|calling_code                =  
|image_map3                  =
|image_map3                  =  
|alt_map3                    =
|alt_map3                    =
|footnotes                  =
|footnotes                  =
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}}
}}


The '''Union of Nautasian Irfanic Repulics''' ({{wp|Farsi|Pasdani}}: اتحاد جماهیراسلامی آسیای; ''Ettehād-ye Jamaheer-ye Erfāni-ye Nasagheer'', EJEN; {{wp|Arabic}}: اتحاد الجمهوريات الإسلامية الآسيوية; ''al-Ittiḥād al-Jumhūrīat al-Erfānīyah al-Nausiawia'', IJEN), commonly called the '''Nautasian Union''' or the '''UNIR''', is a federal single-party Irfanic Collectivist state located in [[Nautasia]] in central Borea. The UNIR is bordered by [[Siphria]] to the west, [[Mazaristan]] and [[Alatistan]] to the north, [[Charnea]] and [[Kadaria]] to the east and the [[Sea of Shahadazhan]]. The UNIR is home to diverse ethnic groups, with [[Irfan|Arta Irfan]] as the majority and XXX as the largest minority, it also includes XX, Yazidis, XX and a tiny minority of Abburites. Its two largest ethnic groups are {{wp|Persians|Pasdanis}} and {{wp|Arabs}}. With a population of 126.3 million it is the Xth largest country in the world and the largest in  the region of Nautasia, and Xth largest in Borea, it has a total area of 3,310,393km² (1,278,150 sp mi), making it the largest in Nautasia and the Xth largest in the world.
The '''Union of Zorasani Irfanic Repulics''' ({{wp|Farsi|Pasdani}}: اتحاد جماهیراسلامی آسیای; ''Ettehād-ye Jamaheer-ye Erfāni-ye Zorasāni''; {{wp|Arabic}}: اتحاد الجمهوريات الإسلامية الآسيوية; ''al-Ittiḥād al-Jumhūrīat al-Erfānīyah al-Korsāniyy''), commonly called the '''Zorasani Union''', '''Zorasan''' or the '''UZIR''', is a federal non-partisan parliamentary republic located in northern [[Coius]]. The UZIR is bordered by [[Xiaodong]] and [[Negara]] to the south, [[Tsabara]] to the east and the [[Solarian Sea]] to the north and [[Mazdan Sea]] to the north-west. The UZIR is home to diverse ethnic groups, with [[Irfan|Arta Irfan]] as the majority and XXX as the largest minority, it also includes XX, Yazidis, XX and a tiny minority of Abburites. Its two largest ethnic groups are {{wp|Persians|Pardarians}} and {{wp|Arabs}}. With a population of 173.1 million it is the Xth largest country in the world and and Xth largest in Coius, it has a total area of XXXXXkm² (XXXXX sp mi), making it the Xth largest in Coius and the Xth largest in the world.


The UNIR is the legal successor state to the [[Union of Khazestan and Pasdan]], which was formed in 1926 following the Arduous Revolution as the first Islamic Collectivist state, this was followed by the [[Khazi-Pasdani Revolutionary War]] (1926-1928) and massive socio-political upheaval and change. Between 1929 and 1939, the country would be rocked by resistance and civil unrest as numerous minorities resisted "Normalisation", a process of cultural and linguistic assimilation into the Pasdani-Arab majority, this would culminate with the [[Treaty of Unification]] which equalised the minorities and created four new internal republics within the Union. The discovery of oil in the [[Dasht-e-Aftab]] in 1938 resulted in an economic revolution that dramatically altered standards of living, poverty and class relations within the next few decades. The 1950s saw the UKP attempt to export Islamic Collectivism to neighbouring countries, some of which remained colonial possessions sparking the [[Nautasian Crisis]] (1952-1956). A wave of de-colonisation followed and brought ideological tensions to the fore between the UKP and its neighbours, leading to the [[Heskif War]], [[Aramand Incident]] and the [[Irvadistan War]] between 1974 and 1979. The war resulted in the annexation and ascension of [[Irvadistan]] into the UKP, which in turn formally became the Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics. The rise of [[Javad Jahandar]] in 1975 resulted in dramatic political and economic reforms that unleashed the [[Nautasian Miracle]], rapid industrialisation and diversification of the economy resulted in the UNIR becoming the largest economy in Nautasia and one of the largest in the world. The 1990s and early 2000s saw sporadic civil uprisings and instability, but were put down by 2002 with the Second Arduous Effort. Since, the UNIR has continued to develop economically and a limited liberalisation of its political system.
History...  


The UNIR is a member of the [[Organization of Esquarian Nations]], [[Organisation of Nautasian Unity]], [[International Forum for Developing States]] and is recognised as a regional to middle power by international commentators; some have claimed that it is a potential superpower in the event of further economic development. The UNIR has the largest proven oil reserves and is the world's largest producer of oil and natural gas, leading it to be considered an energy superpower.
 
The UZIR is a member of the [[Community of Nations]], [[Global Institute for Fiscal Affairs|GIFA]], [[Non-Aligned Council|NAC]] and the [[International Trade Organisation|ITO]] and is recognised as a regional to middle power by international commentators; some have claimed that it is a potential superpower in the event of further economic development. The UNIR has the largest proven oil reserves and is the world's largest producer of oil and natural gas, leading it to be considered an energy superpower.


== History ==
== History ==
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== Geography ==
== Geography ==


 
The land area of Zorasan is XX square miles (XX km2). [[Pardaran]] is the largest state at XXXX square miles (XXXX km2). [[Aramand]], is the smallest at is XXXXX square miles (XXX km2) in area. In [[Irvadistan]] the Ruqqad Highlands; which is home to Irvadistan's highest point, Mount Hajar Asud (2,814 m; 9,232 ft), divide the western coastal plain from the [[al-Ramal al-Wusta Desert]], while directly south, the Khazi coast is divided from the [[Dasht-e-Aftab]] by the Yafā'Aswad highlands. The Dasht-e-Aftab covers roughly 36% of the Khazi-Pardarian central region. The Tinnin Plateau divides the Aftab from the northern Pardarian coastline, these mountains also aided the creation of the Aftab, by blocking oceaniac rain-clouds from heading southward. The Pasdani south is one of the world's most mountainous regions, its landscape dominated by rugged mountain ranges that separate various basins or plateaux from one another. The south-west is dominated by the Exri and Soban; the last contains Zorasan's highest point, Mount Fereydun at 5,610 m (18,406 ft). To the south of the north-west and the Aftab are highlands that protect the southern plains from the desert and arid north. The southern Pasdani region varies between open flat plains to rolling yet fertile hills and valleys.
The land area of the UNIR is XX square miles (XX km2). [[Pasdan]] is the largest state at XXXX square miles (XXXX km2). [[Aramand]], is the smallest at is XXXXX square miles (XXX km2) in area. In [[Irvadistan]] the Ruqqad Highlands; which is home to Irvadistan's highest point, Mount Hajar Asud (2,814 m; 9,232 ft), divide the eastern coastal plain from the [[al-Ramal al-Wusta Desert]], while directly south the Khazi eastern seaboard is divided from the [[Dasht-e-Aftab]] by the Yafā'Aswad highlands. The Dasht-e-Aftab covers roughly 36% of the Khazi-Pasdani central region. The Tinnin Plateau divides the Aftab from the western coastline, these mountains also aided the creation of the Aftab, by blocking rain-clouds from heading east. The Pasdani north-west is one of the world's most mountainous regions, its landscape dominated by rugged mountain ranges that separate various basins or plateaux from one another. The north-west is dominated by the Exri and Kolkakarans; the last contains Pasdan's highest point, Mount Langarud at 5,610 m (18,406 ft). To the south of the north-west and the Aftab are highlands that protect the southern plains from the desert and arid north. The southern Pasdani region varies between open flat plains to rolling yet fertile hills and valleys.


Irvadistan's interior is arid desert, but is punctuated by two fertile zones, from the north to south runs the Khabur and from the north to the east runs the Khanzir, these two rivers are vital for the country's agricultural regions and are the primary locations of the population. Both stripes of fertile ground are flanked by arid desert.
Irvadistan's interior is arid desert, but is punctuated by two fertile zones, from the north to south runs the Khabur and from the north to the east runs the Khanzir, these two rivers are vital for the country's agricultural regions and are the primary locations of the population. Both stripes of fertile ground are flanked by arid desert.


The UNIR, with its large size and geographic variety, includes most climate types. Having 11 climates out of the world's 13, the UNIR's climate is diverse, ranging from arid or semiarid, to subtropical along the Pasdani coast and the southern forests. On the southern edge of the country (the Great Southern coastal plain) temperatures rarely fall below freezing and the area remains humid for the rest of the year. Summer temperatures rarely exceed 29 °C (84.2 °F). Annual precipitation is 680 mm (26.8 in) in the eastern part of the plain and more than 1,700 mm (66.9 in) in the western part. Water Scarcity is considered to be the biggest threat to Pasdan, Khazestan and Ninejah and the UNIR at large.
The UZIR, with its large size and geographic variety, includes most climate types. Having 11 climates out of the world's 13, Zorasan's climate is diverse, ranging from arid or semiarid, to subtropical along the Pardarian coast and the southern forests. On the southern edge of the country, on the shores of Lake Sharezan (the Sharezan Plain) temperatures rarely fall below freezing and the area remains humid for the rest of the year. Summer temperatures rarely exceed 29 °C (84.2 °F). Annual precipitation is 680 mm (26.8 in) in the eastern part of the plain and more than 1,700 mm (66.9 in) in the western part. Water Scarcity is considered to be the biggest threat to Pardaran, Khazestan and Ninejah and Zorasan at large.


To the west, settlements in the Kolkkaran basin experience lower temperatures, severe winters with below zero average daily temperatures and heavy snowfall. The eastern and central basins are arid, with less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain, and have occasional deserts. Average summer temperatures rarely exceed 38 °C (100.4 °F). The coastal plains of Irvadistan in south-western Pasdan have mild winters, and very humid and hot summers. The annual precipitation ranges from 135 to 355 mm (5.3 to 14.0 in).
To the west, settlements in the Soban basin experience lower temperatures, severe winters with below zero average daily temperatures and heavy snowfall. The eastern and central basins are arid, with less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain, and have occasional deserts. Average summer temperatures rarely exceed 38 °C (100.4 °F). The coastal plains of Irvadistan in south-western Pardaran have mild winters, and very humid and hot summers. The annual precipitation ranges from 135 to 355 mm (5.3 to 14.0 in).


{{multiple image
{{multiple image
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| image3    = Aerial_View_of_Damavand_26.11.2008_04-25-38.JPG
| image3    = Aerial_View_of_Damavand_26.11.2008_04-25-38.JPG
| width3    = 230
| width3    = 230
| caption3  = Mount Langarud
| caption3  = Mount Fereydun
| image4    = ZuvandForest.jpg
| image4    = ZuvandForest.jpg
| width4    = 276
| width4    = 276
| caption4  = Rainforest of the Zuvand
| caption4  = Rainforest of the Sharezan
}}
}}


== Government and politics ==  
== Government and politics ==  
{{Main|Government of the Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics}}
{{Main|Government of the Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics}}
The UNIR is a {{wp|Federalism|federal}}, [[Sattarism|Sattarist]], {{wp|Parliamentary Republic|parliamentary republic}}. The Union’s political system operates under a framework laid out in the 1979 constitution known as the [[Treaty of Ascension]] (Ertegha-Peyman). Amendments generally require a two-thirds majority of both the [[Popular Council of the Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics|Popular Council]] and the [[Superior Council of the Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics|Superior Council]]; the fundamental principles of the constitution, as expressed in the articles guaranteeing human dignity, the role of [[Irfan]], the federal structure, and the rule of law are valid in perpetuity.
Zorasan is a {{wp|Federalism|federal}}, [[Sattarism|Sattarist]], {{wp|Parliamentary Republic|parliamentary republic}}. Zorasan’s political system operates under a framework laid out in the 1983 constitution known as the [[Treaty of Ascension]] (Ertegha-Peyman). Amendments generally require a two-thirds majority of both the [[Popular Council of the Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics|Popular Council]] and the [[Superior Council of the Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics|Superior Council]]; the fundamental principles of the constitution, as expressed in the articles guaranteeing human dignity, the role of [[Irfan]], the federal structure, and the rule of law are valid in perpetuity.
{{multiple image
{{multiple image
  |align=right
  |align=right
  |image1=Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_2017.jpg
  |image1=Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_2017.jpg
  |width1=140
  |width1=140
  |caption1=[[State President of the Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics|State President]] [[Evren Volkan]]
  |caption1=[[State President of the Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics|State President]] [[Evren Volkan]]
  |alt1=
  |alt1=
  |width2=155
  |width2=155
  |caption2=[[First Minister of the Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics|First Minister]] [[Farzad Akbari]]
  |caption2=[[First Minister of the Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics|First Minister]] [[Farzad Akbari]]
  |image2=Hassan_Rouhani_portrait_2018-2.jpg
  |image2=Hassan_Rouhani_portrait_2018-2.jpg
  |alt2=
  |alt2=
}}
}}
The ''Rayis Jomhur-katee'' ([[State President of the Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics|state president]]), [[Evren Volkan]] (19 March 2015–present), is the {{wp|head of state}} and invested primarily with representative responsibilities and powers. He is elected by the Superior Council as one of two candidates presented by the Popular Council. The second-highest official in the Nautasian order of precedence is the Avval A’Zam ([[First Minister of the Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics|First Minister]]), the {{wp|head of government}}, who is appointed by the Rayis-Jomhur-katee after being elected by the Popular Council. The third-highest ranking official is the ''Rayisol-Vozara'' ([[President of the Council of the Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics|President of the Council]]), who is elected by the Popular Council and responsible for overseeing the daily sessions of the body.  
The ''Rayis Jomhur-katee'' ([[State President of the Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics|state president]]), [[Evren Volkan]] (19 March 2015–present), is the {{wp|head of state}} and invested primarily with representative responsibilities and powers. He is elected by the Superior Council as one of two candidates presented by the Popular Council. The second-highest official in the Zorasani order of precedence is the Avval A’Zam ([[First Minister of the Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics|First Minister]]), the {{wp|head of government}}, who is appointed by the Rayis-Jomhur-katee after being elected by the Popular Council. The third-highest ranking official is the ''Rayisol-Vozara'' ([[President of the Council of the Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics|President of the Council]]), who is elected by the Popular Council and responsible for overseeing the daily sessions of the body.  


The First Minister, [[Farzad Akbari]] (20 March 2015–present), is the head of government and exercises executive power through their [[State Council of the Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics|State Council]], similar to the role of a Prime Minister in other parliamentary democracies. Federal legislative power is vested in the parliament consisting of the ''Majlis-Mee'' ([[Popular Council of the Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics|Popular Council]]) and ''Majlis-Ala'' ([[Superior Council of the Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics|Superior Council]]) , which together form the legislative body. The ''Majlis-Mee'' is elected through direct elections, by {{wp|first-past-the-post}}. The members of the ''Majlis-Ala'' are divided between those who represent the governments of seven federated states, elected through direct elections by first-past-the-post and those (two-thirds majority), who are appointed by the military.  
The First Minister, [[Farzad Akbari]] (20 March 2015–present), is the head of government and exercises executive power through their [[State Council of the Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics|State Council]], similar to the role of a Prime Minister in other parliamentary democracies. Federal legislative power is vested in the parliament consisting of the ''Majlis-Mee'' ([[Popular Council of the Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics|Popular Council]]) and ''Majlis-Ala'' ([[Superior Council of the Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics|Superior Council]]) , which together form the legislative body. The ''Majlis-Mee'' is elected through direct elections, by {{wp|first-past-the-post}}. The members of the ''Majlis-Ala'' are divided between those who represent the governments of seven federated states, elected through direct elections by first-past-the-post and those (two-thirds majority), who are appointed by the military.  


Since 1979, the entire political system of the UNIR has been constitutionally mandated as {{wp|non-partisan}}, with no formal political party, movement or club being permitted to exist within the federal, state or local levels of government. However, the federal level does see several informal blocs or groupings of politicians. The three most prominent blocs are the [[Nautasian Alliance of the Great Journey]], the [[League of Revolutionary Pioneers]] and the [[Civic and Just Association]].  
Since 1983, the entire political system of Zorasani has been constitutionally mandated as {{wp|non-partisan}}, with no formal political party, movement or club being permitted to exist within the federal, state or local levels of government. However, the federal level does see several informal blocs or groupings of politicians. The three most prominent blocs are the [[Zorasani Alliance of the Great Journey]], the [[League of Revolutionary Pioneers]] and the [[Civic and Just Association]].  


=== Government ===
=== Government ===


The UNIR's three branches of government are poorly defined by the Constitution. The State President, who appoints the First Minister, is elected by the Superior Council. The First Minister is appointed by the State President after receiving the confidence of the Popular Council through an open-ballot election. The head of the Supreme Judicial Council is appointed by the Popular Council with the backing of the [[Joint Commission for Political Stability]].
Zorasan's three branches of government are poorly defined by the Constitution. The State President, who appoints the First Minister, is elected by the Superior Council. The First Minister is appointed by the State President after receiving the confidence of the Popular Council through an open-ballot election. The head of the Supreme Judicial Council is appointed by the Popular Council with the backing of the [[Joint Commission for Political Stability]].


The relationship between the State President and the First Minister is often disputed. According to convention the Chairperson plays a mostly ceremonial role outside of appointing the First Minister, coordinating between the federal and state governments, acting as commander-in-chief of the armed forces and representing the Union in diplomatic affairs. The State President is elected in an direct election by the Superior Council. Meanwhile the First Minister officially acts as the head of government appointing and leading the executive (the State Council of Ministers) which heads several government departments. Whilst the First Minister is appointed by the State President, they must commanded the confidence of the Popular Council. Whilst the Constitution implies that the First Ministers' power outstrips that of the State President, a capable State President with greater influence over individual parliamentarians may allow the State President to exercise power and influence over the First Minister. Since 1998, the State President has been allowed to sit on cabinet meetings and request roles and duties outside of the constitution from the First Minister.  
The relationship between the State President and the First Minister is often disputed. According to convention the State President plays a mostly ceremonial role outside of appointing the First Minister, coordinating between the federal and state governments, acting as commander-in-chief of the armed forces and representing the Union in diplomatic affairs. The State President is elected in an direct election by the Superior Council. Meanwhile the First Minister officially acts as the head of government appointing and leading the executive (the State Council of Ministers) which heads several government departments. Whilst the First Minister is appointed by the State President, they must commanded the confidence of the Popular Council. Whilst the Constitution implies that the First Ministers' power outstrips that of the State President, a capable State President with greater influence over individual parliamentarians may allow the State President to exercise power and influence over the First Minister. Since 1998, the State President has been allowed to sit on cabinet meetings and request roles and duties outside of the constitution from the First Minister.  


As of 2015, the Union has been governed by two members of the [[Nautasian Alliance for the Great Journey]], with [[Evren Volkan]] as State President and [[Farzad Akbari]] as First Minister. It has been known that both worked jointly in 2015 to secure their respective positions, and share power.  
As of 2015, the Union has been governed by two members of the [[Zorasani Alliance for the Great Journey]], with [[Evren Volkan]] as State President and [[Farzad Akbari]] as First Minister. It has been known that both worked jointly in 2015 to secure their respective positions, and share power.  


The government is also believed to be beholden to the military and clergy, due to the two cabinet-level positions of First and Second State Councillor, with one of each going to the military and clergy. The State Councillors are appointed by the Joint Commission for Political Stability and act as mediators and overseers for the JCPS and government. The military is also guaranteed three positions within the cabinet, Minister of National Defence, Minister of National Security and the Minister of Media and Information.
The government is also believed to be beholden to the military and clergy, due to the two cabinet-level positions of First and Second State Councillor, with one of each going to the military and clergy. The State Councillors are appointed by the Joint Commission for Political Stability and act as mediators and overseers for the JCPS and government. The military is also guaranteed three positions within the cabinet, Minister of National Defence, Minister of National Security and the Minister of Media and Information.


=== Legislature ===
=== Legislature ===
{{Main|Supreme Assembly of the Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics}}
{{Main|Supreme Assembly of the Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics}}
{{See also|Political groups and factions of the UNIR}}
{{See also|Political groups and factions of the UZIR}}
{{Sidebar
{{Sidebar
| name = Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics
| name = Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics
| outertitle = [[Superior Council of the Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics|Superior Council of the Union]]
| outertitle = [[Superior Council of the Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics|Superior Council of the Union]]
| topimage =  
| topimage =  
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[[File:SuperiorCouncilSeats.png|250px]]
[[File:SuperiorCouncilSeats.png|250px]]


{{colorbox|#000000}} [[Nautasian Alliance for the Great Journey]] (18)<br>{{colorbox|#990505}} [[League of Revolutionary Pioneers]] (9)<br>{{colorbox|#378A37}} [[Civic and Just Association]] (5)<br>{{colorbox|#1A65C7}} [[United Irfanic Coalition]] (4)<br>{{colorbox|#DBDBDB}} [[Independent politician|Independents]] (72)
{{colorbox|#000000}} [[Zorasani Alliance for the Great Journey]] (18)<br>{{colorbox|#990505}} [[League of Revolutionary Pioneers]] (9)<br>{{colorbox|#378A37}} [[Civic and Just Association]] (5)<br>{{colorbox|#1A65C7}} [[United Irfanic Coalition]] (4)<br>{{colorbox|#DBDBDB}} [[Independent politician|Independents]] (72)
}}
}}
{{Sidebar
{{Sidebar
| name = Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics
| name = Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics
| outertitle = [[Popular Council of the Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics|Popular Council of the Union]]
| outertitle = [[Popular Council of the Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics|Popular Council of the Union]]
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[[File:PopularCouncilSeats.png|250px]]


{{colorbox|#000000}} [[Nautasian Alliance for the Great Journey]] (203)<br>{{colorbox|#990505}} [[League of Revolutionary Pioneers]] (129)<br>{{colorbox|#378A37}} [[Civic and Just Association]] (126)<br>{{colorbox|#1A65C7}} [[United Irfanic Coalition]] (49)<br>{{colorbox|#BDA115}} [[Movement for the Transformation of Nautasia]] (20)<br>{{colorbox|#E75316}} [[Movement for Great Change]] (10)<br>{{colorbox|#2184B5}} [[Congress for Popular Freedom]] (4)<br>{{colorbox|#DBDBDB}} [[Independent politician|Independents]] (39)
{{colorbox|#000000}} [[Zorasani Alliance for the Great Journey]] (203)<br>{{colorbox|#990505}} [[League of Revolutionary Pioneers]] (129)<br>{{colorbox|#378A37}} [[Civic and Just Association]] (126)<br>{{colorbox|#1A65C7}} [[United Irfanic Coalition]] (49)<br>{{colorbox|#BDA115}} [[Movement for the Transformation of Zorasan]] (20)<br>{{colorbox|#E75316}} [[Movement for Great Change]] (10)<br>{{colorbox|#2184B5}} [[Congress for Popular Freedom]] (4)<br>{{colorbox|#DBDBDB}} [[Independent politician|Independents]] (39)
}}
}}
The legislature of the Union, known as the [[National Council of the Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics|Popular and National Council]], is a {{wp|bicameral body}},  and is comprised of a 108-member [[Superior Council of the Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics|Superior Council]] ({{wp|upper house}}) and a 580-member [[Popular Council of the Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics|Popular Council]] ({{wp|lower house}}), the Popular Council is the sovereign national body. Members of the Popular Council are elected through the {{wp|first-past-the-post system}} under {{wp|universal suffrage|universal adult suffrage}}, representing electoral districts known as Popular constituencies, all members serve for four-year terms. All candidates are vetted by the [[Joint Commission for Political Stability]], a body comprised of senior figures from the military and clergy.  
The legislature of Zorasan, known as the [[Popular and National Council of the Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics|Popular and National Council]], is a {{wp|bicameral body}},  and is comprised of a 108-member [[Superior Council of the Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics|Superior Council]] ({{wp|upper house}}) and a 580-member [[Popular Council of the Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics|Popular Council]] ({{wp|lower house}}), the Popular Council is the sovereign national body. Members of the Popular Council are elected through the {{wp|first-past-the-post system}} under {{wp|universal suffrage|universal adult suffrage}}, representing electoral districts known as Popular constituencies, all members serve for four-year terms. All candidates are vetted by the [[Joint Commission for Political Stability]], a body comprised of senior figures from the military and clergy.  


The Superior Council has one-third (36 members) elected from the seven constituent states and two union territories (each providing 4 members), the remaining 72 are appointed by the [[National Commission for Governance and Unity]], a military run-body. The official role of the Superior Council is to equalise the power and representation of the seven states and ensure that all legislation works for the benefit of all states of the union.  
The Superior Council has one-third (36 members) elected from the seven constituent states and two union territories (each providing 4 members), the remaining 72 are appointed by the [[National Commission for Governance and Unity]], a military run-body. The official role of the Superior Council is to equalise the power and representation of the seven states and ensure that all legislation works for the benefit of all states of the union.  
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The legislature of the union is unique in that both houses are formally {{wp|non-partisan}}. Though informal groupings of politicians do exist, none operate a structure, organising document or official leadership. These groupings often take shape as like-minded politicians voting in the same manner, while they lack any formal or organised structure, these groupings do vote as cohesive blocs and pursue set agendas. In order to avert de-facto partisanship, First Ministers are prohibited from having ministers drawn from one exclusive bloc by the constitution, as a result, most union governments take the form of coalition governments.  
The legislature of the union is unique in that both houses are formally {{wp|non-partisan}}. Though informal groupings of politicians do exist, none operate a structure, organising document or official leadership. These groupings often take shape as like-minded politicians voting in the same manner, while they lack any formal or organised structure, these groupings do vote as cohesive blocs and pursue set agendas. In order to avert de-facto partisanship, First Ministers are prohibited from having ministers drawn from one exclusive bloc by the constitution, as a result, most union governments take the form of coalition governments.  


The history and nature of the blocs has been fluid since 1979. On average most blocs last only two consecutive terms of parliament, before either being dissolved or merged into another. However, since 2005, the current make up of the parliament has been solid, making the incumbent blocs the oldest in union history. The largest bloc is the [[Nautasian Alliance for the Great Journey]], which is a hardline conservative Sattarist group, with extensive ties to the military. It has been the "bloc of power" since 2005, with two-consecutive state presidents and first ministers coming from the bloc. The second largest is the [[League of Revolutionary Pioneers]], also comprised of hardliners, it often backs the NAGJ. The third largest is the [[Civic and Just Association]], which is generally considered reformist and liberal in nature.
The history and nature of the blocs has been fluid since 1979. On average most blocs last only two consecutive terms of parliament, before either being dissolved or merged into another. However, since 2005, the current make up of the parliament has been solid, making the incumbent blocs the oldest in union history. The largest bloc is the [[Zorasani Alliance for the Great Journey]], which is a hardline conservative Sattarist group, with extensive ties to the military. It has been the "bloc of power" since 2005, with two-consecutive state presidents and first ministers coming from the bloc. The second largest is the [[League of Revolutionary Pioneers]], also comprised of hardliners, it often backs the NAGJ. The third largest is the [[Civic and Just Association]], which is generally considered reformist and liberal in nature.


=== Law ===
=== Law ===
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=== Foreign policy ===
=== Foreign policy ===


The official goal of the government of the UNIR is to establish a {{wp|new world order}} based on {{wp|world peace}}, global {{wp|collective security}}, and international equality. Since the time of the [[Irvadistan War]], the Union's foreign relations have often been portrayed as being based on four strategic principles; eliminating outside influences in the region of [[Nautasia]], maintaining the UNIR as the leading power of the region, securing [[Pan-Nautasianism|Nautasian unification]] and pursuing extensive diplomatic contacts with developing and non-aligned countries, primarily in wider Borea.
The official goal of the government of Zorosan is to establish a {{wp|new world order}} based on {{wp|world peace}}, global {{wp|collective security}}, and international equality. Since the time of the [[Irvadistan War]], Zorasan's foreign relations have often been portrayed as being based on four strategic principles; eliminating outside influences in the immediate region, maintaining Zorasan as the leading power of northern Coius, securing [[Pan-Zorasanism|Zorasani unification]] and pursuing extensive diplomatic contacts with developing and non-aligned countries, primarily in wider Coius-Bahia.


The UNIR is a member of the [[International Forum for Developing States]], [[Organisation of Esquarian Nations]] and the [[Organisation for Nautasian Unity]].  
Zorasan is a member of the [[Community of Nations]], [[Global Institute for Fiscal Affairs|GIFA]], [[Non-Aligned Council|NAC]] and the [[International Trade Organisation|ITO]].
[[File:AkbariYuan.jpg|250px|thumb|right|First Minister Farzad Akbari (r) with Xiaodong's Chairman [[Yuan Xiannian]].]]
[[File:AkbariYuan.jpg|250px|thumb|right|First Minister Farzad Akbari (r) with Xiaodong's Chairman [[Yuan Xiannian]].]]
The Union's closest relations are with [[Xiaodong]] and [[Alatistan]]], although the nature of these close relations differ. In regards to Xiaodong, following the [[Corrective Revolution]] when [[Lu Keqian]] met [[Mahrdad Ali Sattari]] in 1936 both countries began to foster close political and economic ties as both countries were ruled by one-party governments intent on regional hegemony. Close cooperation between both governments became more prominent under [[Sun Yuting]] and [[Hakim Ali Ghaddar]], and have since [[Evren Volkan]] and [[Yuan Xiannian]] held office seen a dramatic revival with the onset of the [[Second Nautasian Crisis]] seeing Xiaodong support Union interventions in Nautasia. The government of [[Xi Yao-tong]] has furthered this policy, signing significant trade deals with the UNIR in 2016 and 2017, and an increase in military cooperation. The UNIR meanwhile has provided military and technological cooperation with Xiaodong, most prominently during the [[Third Duljunese-Xiaodongese War]]. The extremely close and friendly relations between Xiaodong and the Union has been called the [[Rongzhuo-Zahedan Axis]].
Zorasan's closest relations are with [[Xiaodong]], although the nature of these close relations differ. In regards to Xiaodong, following the [[Corrective Revolution]] when XXX met [[Mahrdad Ali Sattari]] in 1957 both countries began to foster close political and economic ties as both countries were ruled by one-party governments intent on regional hegemony. Close cooperation between both governments became more prominent under [[Sun Yuting]] and [[Ghassan Ali Ghaddar]], and have since [[Evren Volkan]] and [[Yuan Xiannian]] held office seen a dramatic revival of ties. The government of [[Xi Yao-tong]] has furthered this policy, signing significant trade deals with Zorasan in 2016 and 2017, and an increase in military cooperation. Zorasan meanwhile has provided military and technological cooperation with Xiaodong, most prominently during the [[Third Duljunese-Xiaodongese War]]. The extremely close and friendly relations between Xiaodong and Zorasan has been called the [[Rongzhuo-Zahedan Axis]].  
 
The UNIR's other close ally is its northern neighbour of [[Alatistan]]...


=== Armed Forces ===
=== Armed Forces ===
{{Main|Irfanic Revolutionary Army}}
{{Main|Irfanic Revolutionary Army}}
The [[Irfanic Revolutionary Army]] (Arteš-e Enghelâb-e Erfāni) consists of the [[Irfanic Revolutionary Army Land Forces|Land Forces]], the [[Irfanic Revolutionary Army Navy|Navy]] and the [[Irfanic Revolutionary Army Air Force|Air Force]]. The fifth branch exists, which is held by the [[National Protection Force]] which exists as a mostly paramilitary force. The Irfanic Revolutionary Army currently has around 3,712,000 troops overall (761,000 active, 2,951,000 in reserve, including 367,664 paramilitary soldiers), making it overall the [[List of countries in Esquarium by military and paramilitary personnel|sixth largest military]] in the [[Esquarium|world]] and the largest in [[Nautasia]] in terms of manpower.
The [[Irfanic Revolutionary Army]] (Arteš-e Enghelâb-e Erfāni) consists of the [[Irfanic Revolutionary Army Land Forces|Land Forces]], the [[Irfanic Revolutionary Army Navy|Navy]] and the [[Irfanic Revolutionary Army Air Force|Air Force]]. The fifth branch exists, which is held by the [[National Protection Force]] which exists as a mostly paramilitary force. The Irfanic Revolutionary Army currently has around 3,712,000 troops overall (761,000 active, 2,951,000 in reserve, including 367,664 paramilitary soldiers), making it overall the Xth largest in the [[Kylaris|world]]
[[File:Pakistan Air Force JF-17 Thunder flies in front of the 26,660 ft high Nanga Parbat.jpg|250px|thumb|left|A IRAAF H-11 Tondar in-flight. ]]
[[File:Pakistan Air Force JF-17 Thunder flies in front of the 26,660 ft high Nanga Parbat.jpg|250px|thumb|left|A IRAAF H-11 Tondar in-flight. ]]
The [[State President of the Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics|State President of the Union]] is the commander-in-chief of the Irfanic Revolutionary Army, which answers to the [[State Council of Ministers]] via Ministry of National Defence (MoND), which is headed always, by the [[Chief of Staff of the Irfanic Revolutionary Army]]. Military affairs are primarily handled by the Supreme National Security Commission, a forum of military commanders who nominally subordinate to the State Council of Ministers. Since the [[Arduous Revolution]], the military has played a significant and domineering role in [[Politics of the UNIR|national politics]].  
The [[State President of the Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics|State President of the Union]] is the commander-in-chief of the Irfanic Revolutionary Army, which answers to the [[State Council of Ministers]] via Ministry of National Defence (MoND), which is headed always, by the [[Chief of Staff of the Irfanic Revolutionary Army]]. Military affairs are primarily handled by the Supreme National Security Commission, a forum of military commanders who nominally subordinate to the State Council of Ministers. Since the [[Arduous Revolution]], the military has played a significant and domineering role in [[Politics of Zorasan|national politics]].  


The coast guard and gendarmerie and police forces take on military functions - in the event of war, but are subordinate to the Ministry of State Security. The main intelligence unit, the [[General Intelligence Directorate]] (Resat-e Ejmal-e Ettela'at; RESAT), also is officially part of the military structure however they report directly to the government via the Ministry of National Defence. Despite its role as the military intelligence agency, it enjoys a significantly greater role in federal intelligence activities than the [[State Security Service (UNIR)|State Security Service]] (Ta'min-e Ejbaree-e Dowlat; TEJDO).
The coast guard and gendarmerie and police forces take on military functions - in the event of war, but are subordinate to the Ministry of State Security. The main intelligence unit, the [[General Intelligence Directorate]] (Resat-e Ejmal-e Ettela'at; RESAT), also is officially part of the military structure however they report directly to the government via the Ministry of National Defence. Despite its role as the military intelligence agency, it enjoys a significantly greater role in federal intelligence activities than the [[State Security Service (Zorasan)|State Security Service]] (Ta'min-e Ejbaree-e Dowlat; TEJDO).
[[File:IRIA_soldiers_marching_in_formation.jpg|300px|thumbnail|right|The Irfanic Revolutionary Army is one of the largest armed forces in the world and the largest in [[Nautasia]].]]
[[File:IRIA_soldiers_marching_in_formation.jpg|300px|thumbnail|right|The Irfanic Revolutionary Army is one of the largest armed forces in the world and the largest in [[Nautasia]].]]
The Irfanic Revolutionary Army has gone through numerous periods of modernisation and reform to maintain a dominant position within [[Nautasia]]; known as the [[Union First]] (Ebteda'Ettehād) policy, as the IRAF, which remains in place with the UNIR, allowing it remain relatively as the most disciplined, well armed and capable forces in Nautasia; this has meant either great efforts being made in domestic R&D or the purchase of quality equipment and systems from foreign producers.  
The Irfanic Revolutionary Army has gone through numerous periods of modernisation and reform to maintain a dominant position within northern Coius; known as the [[Union First]] (Ebteda'Ettehād) policy, allowing it remain relatively as the most disciplined, well armed and capable forces in Coius; this has meant either great efforts being made in domestic R&D or the purchase of quality equipment and systems from foreign producers.  


It is widely accepted that the UNIR operates an extensive chemical weapons arsenal, with an estimated combined total of over 14,000 tons of chemical agents in storage.
It is widely accepted that Zorasan operates an extensive chemical weapons arsenal, with an estimated combined total of over 14,000 tons of chemical agents in storage.


Conscription - known as "Patriotic and Revolutionary Duty" (Takleef Enghelabee-parast) is currently enforced for all male citizens between the ages of 18-21 for a period of a year to three years, dependent on education and job location. The UNIR does not recognise conscientious objection and does not offer a civilian alternative to military service, many conscientious objectors are either imprisoned under charges of "conspiring against the state" or press-ganged into four year service.  
Conscription - known as "Patriotic and Revolutionary Duty" (Takleef Enghelabee-parast) is currently enforced for all male citizens between the ages of 18-21 for a period of a year to three years, dependent on education and job location. Zorasan does not recognise conscientious objection and does not offer a civilian alternative to military service, many conscientious objectors are either imprisoned under charges of "conspiring against the state" or press-ganged into four year service.  


The IRA is subject to controversial accusations of abuse and harsh treatment of trainee soldiers; with the use of beatings, caning and lashing in punishment of poor behaviour, low enthusiasm and slow progress in improvements. The IRA is also known to train its forces in "Isolated Desert Deployment"; in that units of troops are airdropped into the desert, with limited food and water to develop resilience in the event of being trapped or stranded in hostile environments seen in Nautasia.
The armed forces are subject to controversial accusations of abuse and harsh treatment of trainee soldiers; with the use of beatings, caning and lashing in punishment of poor behaviour, low enthusiasm and slow progress in improvements. The IRA is also known to train its forces in "Isolated Desert Deployment"; in that units of troops are airdropped into the desert, with limited food and water to develop resilience in the event of being trapped or stranded in hostile environments seen in Coius.


=== Human rights ===
=== Human rights ===


The UNIR has been consistently criticised internally and abroad, with human right monitoring organisations such as the [[Esquarian Human Rights Monitor]], [[Guardians of Liberty]] and [[Global Assessment of Human Rights]] as of 2017 ranking the Union as unfree. The EHRM stated "the Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics remains a fundamentally flawed parliamentary democracy, with overbearing control by the unaccountable and unelected clergy and military. The mass surveillance and censorship system remains in place and undermines freedom of speech and the press. The excessive use of capital punishment, torture, rape and false imprisonment also remains rampant."
Zorasan has been consistently criticised internally and abroad, with human right monitoring organisations such as the [[International Council for Democracy]] as of 2017 ranking the Union as unfree. The ICD stated "Zorasan remains a fundamentally flawed parliamentary democracy, with overbearing control by the unaccountable and unelected clergy and military controlled bodies. The mass surveillance and censorship system remains in place and undermines freedom of speech and the press. The excessive use of capital punishment, torture, rape and false imprisonment also remains rampant."


The UNIR's situation is unique in that the systematic abuses of human rights is conducted outside government control and oversight. The EHRM has noted that much of the repressive policies and activities are conducted by the military, rather than the federal government. The military's oversized control of state media and the use of the [[General Intelligence Directorate]] (RESAT) to pursue activists, civil rights lawyers and critics of the state, led EHRM in 2018 to note, "without confrontation of the deep-state within the UNIR, it is unlikely that human rights will improve in the medium to long term."
Zorasan's situation is unique in that the systematic abuses of human rights is conducted outside government control and oversight. The ICD has noted that much of the repressive policies and activities are conducted by the military, rather than the federal government. The military's oversized control of state media and the use of the [[General Intelligence Directorate]] (RESAT) to pursue activists, civil rights lawyers and critics of the state, led the ICD and the [[Euclean Community]] in 2018 to note, "without confrontation of the deep-state within the UZIR, it is unlikely that human rights will improve in the medium to long term."


== Economy ==
== Economy ==
{{Main|Economy of the UNIR}}
{{Main|Economy of Zorasan}}
The UNIR's economy is a mixture of state ownership of oil and other large enterprises, village agriculture, and small to medium-scale private trading and service ventures. In 2017, GDP was $949.193 billion ($1.528 trillion trillion at PPP), or $12,002 at PPP per capita. The UNIR is the largest economy in [[Nautasia]], XXth in Borea and 17th in the world. The UNIR is ranked as an upper-middle income economy by the [[Esquarian Community]]. In the early 21st century the service sector contributed the largest percentage of the GDP, followed by industry (mining and manufacturing) and agriculture.
Zorasan's economy is a mixture of state ownership of oil and other large enterprises, village agriculture, and small to medium-scale private trading and service ventures. In 2017, GDP was $1.290 trillion ($2.077 trillion trillion at PPP), or $12,002 at PPP per capita. Zorasan is the Xth largest economy in Coius and XXth in the world. Zorasan is ranked as an upper-middle income economy by the [[Global Institute for Fiscal Affairs]]. In the early 21st century the service sector contributed the largest percentage of the GDP, followed by industry (mining and manufacturing) and agriculture.


The [[Central Bank of the Union]] is responsible for developing and maintaining the UNIR toman, which serves as the country's currency. The government doesn't recognize trade unions other than those under the [[Labour Union of Workers and Farmers]], which are subject to the approval of employers and the military. The minimum wage as of August 2017 was 2,331 toman a month ($434). Unemployment as of August 2017 was 5.45%, youth unemployment stands at 10.5%, aided by the [[Bandegee-ye Ashkhas]] (People's Service) a government run, but charity funded employment scheme that offers young people short-term contracted work.  
The [[Central Bank of the Union]] is responsible for developing and maintaining the Zorasani toman, which serves as the country's currency. The government doesn't recognize trade unions other than those under the [[Labour Union of Workers and Farmers]], which are subject to the approval of employers and the military. The minimum wage as of August 2017 was 2,331 toman a month ($434). Unemployment as of August 2017 was 5.45%, youth unemployment stands at 10.5%, aided by the [[Bandegee-ye Ashkhas]] (People's Service) a government run, but charity funded employment scheme that offers young people short-term contracted work.  
[[File:PashtaranRefinery.png|350px|thumbnail|left|The Pashtaran refinery is the largest oil refinement facility in the world.]]
[[File:PashtaranRefinery.png|350px|thumbnail|left|The Pashtaran refinery is the largest oil refinement facility in the world.]]
In 2017, about 45% of the government's budget came from oil and natural gas revenues, and 31% came from taxes and fees. As of 2017 it is estimated, oil and natural gas contributed 30% whilst taxes and fees increased to 45%; as the federal government maintained its policies of diversification of the economy. Since 1980, the Union has operated the economic policy known as "Oil to Factory", in that oil revenues would be used as capital to fund industrialisation and diversification, over an extensive welfare state.  
In 2017, about 45% of the government's budget came from oil and natural gas revenues, and 31% came from taxes and fees. As of 2017 it is estimated, oil and natural gas contributed 30% whilst taxes and fees increased to 45%; as the federal government maintained its policies of diversification of the economy. Since 1980, Zorasan has operated the economic policy known as "Oil to Factory", in that oil revenues would be used as capital to fund industrialisation and diversification, over an extensive welfare state.  
[[File:Foolad_Mobarakeh50.jpg|300px|thumbnail|right|The [[Union General Steel and Iron Corporation]] is the largest producer of steel in the Union.]]
[[File:Foolad_Mobarakeh50.jpg|300px|thumbnail|right|The [[Union General Steel and Iron Corporation]] is the largest producer of steel in Zorasan.]]
The Union's economy has consistently registered growth since 1979, due to its persistent economic reform plan in operation since 1980, which aims to completely diversify the economy from over-reliance on petrochemicals, whilst at the same time greatly expanding the sector's production capacity. As a result, the UNIR maintains a strong {{wp|biotechnology}}, {{wp|nanotechnology}}, and {{wp|pharmaceuticals industry}}, as well as a {{wp|manufacturing}} economy leading in the fields of {{wp|car-manufacture}} and transportation, {{wp|construction materials}}, {{wp|home appliances}}, food and {{wp|agricultural goods}}, armaments, pharmaceuticals, {{wp|information technology}}, power and petrochemicals in Nautasia. The UNIR has a sizeable automotive industry, which produced over a million and a half motor vehicles in 2017, ranking as the fourth largest producer in Borea. Shipyards have 15 floating docks of different sizes and two dry docks. In 2017, there were ten active shipyards in the Union, with another 50 being built at the start of 2018. Nautasian shipyards are highly regarded both for the production of chemical and oil tankers up to 10,000 dwt and also for their mega yachts. National brands like [[Tava]] and [[Varan]] are among the largest producers of consumer electronics and home appliances in Nautasia and invest a substantial amount of funds for research and development in new technologies related to these fields.
The Union's economy has consistently registered growth since 1979, due to its persistent economic reform plan in operation since 1980, which aims to completely diversify the economy from over-reliance on petrochemicals, whilst at the same time greatly expanding the sector's production capacity. As a result, Zorasan maintains a strong {{wp|biotechnology}}, {{wp|nanotechnology}}, and {{wp|pharmaceuticals industry}}, as well as a {{wp|manufacturing}} economy leading in the fields of {{wp|car-manufacture}} and transportation, {{wp|construction materials}}, {{wp|home appliances}}, food and {{wp|agricultural goods}}, armaments, pharmaceuticals, {{wp|information technology}}, power and petrochemicals. Zorasan has a sizeable automotive industry, which produced over a million and a half motor vehicles in 2017, ranking as the fourth largest producer in Coius. Shipyards have 15 floating docks of different sizes and two dry docks. In 2017, there were ten active shipyards in Zorasan, with another 50 being built at the start of 2018. Zorasani shipyards are highly regarded both for the production of chemical and oil tankers up to 10,000 dwt and also for their mega yachts. National brands like [[Tava]] and [[Varan]] are among the largest producers of consumer electronics and home appliances in Coius and invest a substantial amount of funds for research and development in new technologies related to these fields.


Other key sectors of the UNIR economy are [[Irfanic banking]], construction, home appliances, {{wp|electronics}}, {{wp|textiles}}, food, {{wp|mining}}, {{wp|iron}} and {{wp|steel}}, and machine industry. As of 2018, the agricultural sector accounted for 11 percent of GDP, while the industrial sector accounted for 25 percent and the services sector for 62 percent. However, agriculture still accounts for a quarter of employment.  
Other key sectors of the national economy are [[Irfanic banking]], construction, home appliances, {{wp|electronics}}, {{wp|textiles}}, food, {{wp|mining}}, {{wp|iron}} and {{wp|steel}}, and machine industry. As of 2018, the agricultural sector accounted for 11 percent of GDP, while the industrial sector accounted for 25 percent and the services sector for 62 percent. However, agriculture still accounts for a quarter of employment.  


[[File:MazdavandShipyards.png|250px|thumb|left|The UNIR is one of the world's leading producers of ships. ]]
[[File:MazdavandShipyards.png|250px|thumb|left|Zorasan is one of the world's leading producers of ships. ]]
=== Energy ===
=== Energy ===
The Union has the largest proved gas reserves in the world, with 38.6 trillion cubic metres, and is the largest gas producer. It also ranks first in oil reserves with an estimated 313,600,000,000 barrels. Many consider the UNIR to be the premier {{wp|energy superpower}}, unlike other oil producers in Nautasia, the UNIR does not import fuel products due to high regulation on use and tough laws regarding contraband. Since the 1980s, the UNIR has used the high energy prices to fund exploration of other untapped fields and the modernisation of old production facilities. Many economists consider the UNIR's energy sector to be the "model for all Nautasian producers - efficient, well run and self-funding".
Zorasan has the largest proved gas reserves in the world, with 38.6 trillion cubic metres, and is the largest gas producer. It also ranks first in oil reserves with an estimated 313,600,000,000 barrels. Many consider Zorasan to be the premier {{wp|energy superpower}}, unlike other oil producers in Coius and elsewhere, Zorasan does not import fuel products due to high regulation on use and tough laws regarding contraband. Since the 1980s, the UNIR has used the high energy prices to fund exploration of other untapped fields and the modernisation of old production facilities.


The addition of new hydroelectric stations and the streamlining of conventional coal and oil-fired stations increased installed capacity to 33,000 megawatts. Of that amount, about 75% was based on natural gas, 18% on oil, and 7% on hydroelectric power. In 2017, the UNIR announced plans to construct a further eight large solar and wind farms in its desert regions, to decrease its carbon footprint, while two tidal power plants are also to be built. The UNIR also announced plans to construct two major damns on the Khazehabad and Azani Rivers in Pasdan.
The addition of new hydroelectric stations and the streamlining of conventional coal and oil-fired stations increased installed capacity to 33,000 megawatts. Of that amount, about 75% was based on natural gas, 18% on oil, and 7% on hydroelectric power. In 2017, Zorasan announced plans to construct a further eight large solar and wind farms in its desert regions, to decrease its carbon footprint, while two tidal power plants are also to be built. Zorasan also announced plans to construct two major damns on the Khazehabad and Azani Rivers in Pardaran.


=== Manufacturing ===
=== Manufacturing ===
The Union has maintained manufacturing as one of the biggest recipients of oil revenues through the process known as "[[Oil to Factory]]"; which began under State President [[Javad Jahandar]] in 1980. The country's continued use of the Oil to Factory scheme has seen greater investment and returns, due to the high levels of oil and gas production. However, the UNIR's position was declared early to be focusing on "high-tech industries", in a move towards an electronic and IT based industrial sector.  
Zorasan has maintained manufacturing as one of the biggest recipients of oil revenues through the process known as "[[Oil to Factory]]"; which began under State President [[Javad Jahandar]] in 1980. The country's continued use of the Oil to Factory scheme has seen greater investment and returns, due to the high levels of oil and gas production. However, the official position was declared early to be focusing on "high-tech industries", in a move towards an electronic and IT based industrial sector.  
[[File:UNIRCarPlant.png|300px|thumbnail|left|The UNIR is the fourth largest automobile producer in Borea.]]
[[File:UNIRCarPlant.png|300px|thumbnail|left|Zorasan is the fourth largest automobile producer in Coius.]]
The UNIR's major manufactured products are {{wp|petrochemicals}}, {{wp|steel}} and {{wp|copper products}}. Other important manufactures include {{wp|automobile industry|automobiles}}, {{wp|appliances|home and electric appliances}}, {{wp|telecommunications equipment}}, {{wp|cement}} and {{wp|industrial machinery}}. The UNIR operates the largest operational population of industrial robots on continental Nautasia. Other products include paper, rubber products, processed foods, leather products and pharmaceuticals. In 2017, textile mills, using domestic cotton and wool such as [[Zahedan Patou]] and [[Estanban Termeh]] employed around 570,000 people around [[Estanban]], [[Zahedan]], [[Qufeira]] and along the Golden coast. The UNIR remains one of the largest producers of heavy vehicles, including trucks, buses, construction vehicles and locomotives that are sold to Nautasian markets mostly.  
Zorasan's major manufactured products are {{wp|petrochemicals}}, {{wp|steel}} and {{wp|copper products}}. Other important manufactures include {{wp|automobile industry|automobiles}}, {{wp|appliances|home and electric appliances}}, {{wp|telecommunications equipment}}, {{wp|cement}} and {{wp|industrial machinery}}. Zorasan operates the largest operational population of industrial robots in northern Coius. Other products include paper, rubber products, processed foods, leather products and pharmaceuticals. In 2017, textile mills, using domestic cotton and wool such as [[Zahedan Patou]] and [[Borazjan Termeh]] employed around 570,000 people around [[Borazjan]], [[Zahedan]], [[Qufeira]] and along the Golden coast. Zorasan remains one of the largest producers of heavy vehicles, including trucks, buses, construction vehicles and locomotives that are sold to Coian markets mostly.  


In 2016, the government announced an extension to the Oil to Factory programme, which will see government grants and subsidies focus on the expansion of high quality products including computers, smartphones and other information technology.
In 2016, the government announced an extension to the Oil to Factory programme, which will see government grants and subsidies focus on the expansion of high quality products including computers, smartphones and other information technology.
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=== Agriculture ===
=== Agriculture ===


As of August 2017, the Union is the [[Esquarium|world's]] largest producer of {{wp|hazelnuts}}, {{wp|cherries}}, {{wp|figs}}, {{wp|apricots}}, {{wp|quinces}} and {{wp|pomegranates}}; the second largest producer of {{wp|watermelons}}, {{wp|cucumbers}} and {{wp|chickpeas}}; the third largest producer of {{wp|tomatoes}}, {{wp|eggplants}}, {{wp|green peppers}}, {{wp|lentils}} and {{wp|pistachios}}; the fourth largest producer of {{wp|onions}} and {{wp|olives}} and the fifth largest producer of sugar beet. The country has been self-sufficient in food production since 1984.  
As of August 2017, Zorasan is the [[Kylaris|world's]] largest producer of {{wp|hazelnuts}}, {{wp|cherries}}, {{wp|figs}}, {{wp|apricots}}, {{wp|quinces}} and {{wp|pomegranates}}; the second largest producer of {{wp|watermelons}}, {{wp|cucumbers}} and {{wp|chickpeas}}; the third largest producer of {{wp|tomatoes}}, {{wp|eggplants}}, {{wp|green peppers}}, {{wp|lentils}} and {{wp|pistachios}}; the fourth largest producer of {{wp|onions}} and {{wp|olives}} and the fifth largest producer of sugar beet. The country has been self-sufficient in food production since 1984.  
=== Tourism ===
=== Tourism ===
=== Science and technology ===
=== Science and technology ===
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== Demographics ==
== Demographics ==


According to the Statistical Centre of the Union (Markaz-e Amar-e Ettehād), the country's population was 123.8 million people in 2012, nearly 70% of whom lived in towns and cities. According to the 2011 estimate, the population is increasing by 1.55 percent each year. The Union has an average population density of XX people per km². People within the 15–64 age group constitute 67.4 percent of the total population; the 0–14 age group corresponds to 25.3 percent; while senior citizens aged 65 years or older make up 7.3 percent. In 1980, when the first official census was recorded in the Union (following the annexation of Irvadistan), the population was 63.6 million. The largest city in the Union, [[Zahedan]], is also the largest city in Nautasia and the largest in Western Borea in population, and the largest in size.
According to the Statistical Centre of the Union (Markaz-e Amar-e Ettehād), the country's population was 171.9 million people in 2012, nearly 70% of whom lived in towns and cities. According to the 2018 estimate, the population is increasing by 1.55 percent each year. Zorasan has an average population density of XX people per km². People within the 15–64 age group constitute 67.4 percent of the total population; the 0–14 age group corresponds to 25.3 percent; while senior citizens aged 65 years or older make up 7.3 percent. In 1980, when the first official census was recorded in the Union (following the annexation of Irvadistan), the population was 63.6 million. The largest city in the union, [[Zahedan]], is also Xth largest in population and size in Coius.
 
{{Bar box
{{Bar box
|width = 200px
|width = 200px
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|titlebar = #ddd
|titlebar = #ddd
|bars =
|bars =
{{Bar percent|{{wp|Iranians|Pasdani}}|red|51.11}}
{{Bar percent|{{wp|Iranians|Pardarian}}|red|51.11}}
{{Bar percent|{{wp|Arab}}|green|32.21}}
{{Bar percent|{{wp|Arab}}|green|32.21}}
{{Bar percent|{{wp|Turkics}}|blue|10.02}}
{{Bar percent|{{wp|Turkics}}|blue|10.02}}
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|caption = <small>Source: Markaz-e Amar-e Ettehād (SCU)<br>These are estimates.</small>
|caption = <small>Source: Markaz-e Amar-e Ettehād (SCU)<br>These are estimates.</small>
}}
}}
Article 18 of the Union Constitution defines a "Nautasian" as "anyone who is bound to the Nautasian union-state through the bond of citizenship"; therefore, the legal use of the term "Nautasian" as a citizen of the Union is different from the ethnic definition. However, the majority of the Nautasian population are of {{wp|Persians|Pasdani}} ethnicity and approximately 55-60 per cent of the country's citizens identify themselves as Pasdani. It is estimated that there are at least 27 ethnic groups represented in the Union.
Article 18 of the Union Constitution defines a "Zorasani" as "anyone who is bound to the Zorasani union-state through the bond of citizenship"; therefore, the legal use of the term "Zorasani" as a citizen of the Union is different from the ethnic definition. However, the majority of the Zorasani population are of {{wp|Persians|Pardarian}} ethnicity and approximately 55-60 per cent of the country's citizens identify themselves as Pardarian. It is estimated that there are at least 17 ethnic groups represented in Zorasan.
 
Reliable data on the ethnic mix of the population is not available, because Nautasian census figures do not include statistics on ethnicity. {{wp|Arabs}} are the largest non-Pasdanic ethnicity at anywhere from 25-29 per cent of the population, {{wp|Turkics}} are also included. Statisticians have been known to use pre-Union studies, finding that in 1928, Pasdanis represented 48% of the population, while Arabs formed 35%, alongside 10% for the Turkics of the Union. In a 2013 study, Bahram Azidi wrote, "it is more likely that the Pasdanic collectively form 53% of the national population, Arabs standing at 41% and various minorities standing at 6%. More often than not, many reject ideas of ethnicity in support of the Union's aims of unifying all Nautasian peoples as one harmonious group."


There remains in the Union, some significant "Non-Irfanic" minorities, including {{wp|Yazidis}}, {{wp|Kurds}}, {{wp|Balochs}}, {{wp|Pashtun}} and {{wp|Tajiks}}.
Reliable data on the ethnic mix of the population is not available, because federal census figures do not include statistics on ethnicity. {{wp|Arabs}} are the largest non-Pardarian ethnicity at anywhere from 25-29 per cent of the population, {{wp|Turkics}} are also included. Statisticians have been known to use pre-1979 studies, finding that in 1928, Pardarians represented 48% of the population, while Arabs formed 35%, alongside 10% for the Turkics. In a 2013 study, Bahram Azidi wrote, "it is more likely that the Pardarians collectively form 53% of the national population, Arabs standing at 41% and various minorities standing at 6%. More often than not, many reject ideas of ethnicity in support of the state's aims of unifying all Zorasani peoples as one harmonious group."
{{Bar box
|width = 200px
|float = left
|title = <small>Composition of the UNIR by ethnicity (all estimations)</small>
|titlebar = #ddd
|bars =
{{Bar percent|{{wp|Iranians|Pasdani}}|red|51.11}}
{{Bar percent|{{wp|Arab}}|green|32.21}}
{{Bar percent|{{wp|Turkics}}|blue|10.02}}
{{Bar percent|{{wp|Kurds}}|Brown|2.73}}
{{Bar percent|{{wp|Yazidis}}|Orange|1.60}}
{{Bar percent|{{wp|Balochs}}|Yellow|1.10}}
{{Bar percent|{{wp|Tajiks}}|cyan|0.69}}
{{Bar percent|{{wp|Pashtun}}|purple|0.54}}
|caption = <small>Source: Markaz-e Amar-e Ettehād (SCU)<br>These are estimates.</small>
}}
Prior to 1979, many of the country's minorities were fixed in concentrated geographic regions. However, since 1979, there has been significant internal migration to disperse all ethnic groups across the country. As of 2018, the "Pasdani" population, though by majority concentrated in Pasdan, is found in large numbers within [[Irvadistan]], [[Aramand]] and [[Samrin]]. The Arabs, originally concentrated in [[Khazestan]] and [[Irvadistan]] have migrated in great numbers to Pasdan and [[Ninejah]]. Yazidis and Kurds are primarily focused within [[Samrin]] and [[Ninejah]]. Balochs, Pashtun and Tajiks are found in Pasdan, Irvadistan and Aramand, mostly along the borders with the [[Socialist Confederation of Council Republics|SCCR]] and [[Kadaria]].  


The term "minority" itself remains a sensitive issue in the Union, while the Nautasian government is frequently criticised for its treatment of minorities. Although minorities are not recognised, state-run [[Tasnim Broadcasting]] broadcasts television and radio programs in minority languages. Also, some minority language classes can be chosen in elementary schools.  
There remains in Zorasan, some significant "Non-Irfanic" minorities, including {{wp|Yazidis}}, {{wp|Kurds}}, {{wp|Balochs}}, {{wp|Pashtun}} and {{wp|Tajiks}}.  


The Union hosts the largest number of refugees in the world, including more than 2.8 million [[Mazaristan|Mazari]] refugees, as of January 2018. 365,000 of whom have since been granted citizenship in exchange for serving the [[Black Hand invasion of Mazaristan]].  
The term "minority" itself remains a sensitive issue in Zorasan, while the federal government is frequently criticised for its treatment of minorities. Although minorities are not recognised, state-run [[Tasnim Broadcasting]] broadcasts television and radio programs in minority languages. Also, some minority language classes can be chosen in elementary schools.  


{{Largest cities
{{Largest cities
| name        = Largest cities in the Union of Nautasian Irfanic Republics
| name        = Largest cities in the Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics
| country      = UNIR
| country      = Zorasan
| stat_ref    = Markaz-e Amar-e Ettehād
| stat_ref    = Markaz-e Amar-e Ettehād
| list_by_pop  =  
| list_by_pop  =  
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|img_20 =  
|img_20 =  
}}
}}
=== Languages ===
=== Languages ===
=== Religion ===
=== Religion ===


Historically, Proto-Pasdani religion and the subsequent {{wp|Zoroastrianism}} faith was the dominant religion in the Khazistan-Pasdan region, while pre-Irfanic polytheism dominated [[Irvadistan]]. This changed after the [[Irfanic Conquests|Irfanic conquest of all three countries]]. Since the 900s CE, Pasdan and Khazistan have been dominated by the [[Irfan|Asha]] sect of Irfan, while Irvadistan saw the emergence of [[Irfan|Hasawi Irfan]] in the 1100s, this sect represents a significant minority of the state. Other faiths such as Zoroastrianism and {{wp|Yazdânism}} exist in smaller communities across the country.  
Historically, Proto-Pardarian religion and the subsequent {{wp|Zoroastrianism}} faith was the dominant religion in the Khazi-Pardaran region, while pre-Irfanic polytheism dominated [[Irvadistan]]. This changed after the [[Irfanic Conquests|Irfanic conquest of all three countries]]. Since the 900s CE, Pardaran and Khazistan have been dominated by the [[Irfan|Asha]] sect of Irfan, while Irvadistan saw the emergence of [[Irfan|Hasawi Irfan]] in the 1100s, this sect represents a significant minority of the state. Other faiths such as Zoroastrianism and {{wp|Yazdânism}} exist in smaller communities across the country.  
{{Bar box
{{Bar box
|width = 200px
|width = 200px
|float = right
|float = right
|title = <small>Composition of the UNIR by religion</small>
|title = <small>Composition of Zorasan by religion</small>
|titlebar = #ddd
|titlebar = #ddd
|bars =
|bars =
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|caption = <small>Source: Markaz-e Amar-e Ettehād (SCU)</small>
|caption = <small>Source: Markaz-e Amar-e Ettehād (SCU)</small>
}}
}}
Officially the UNIR is "Irfanic" with both Asha and Hasawi being recognised as the state religions, sectarianism against either sect is severely punished and unconstitutional, but no such status exists for the minority religions.  
Officially the union is "Irfanic" with both Asha and Hasawi being recognised as the state religions, sectarianism against either sect is severely punished and unconstitutional, but no such status exists for the minority religions.  
[[File:Karbala_City_1.jpg|200px|thumb|left|The [[Haram-Ma'refat]] in Namin is one of the holiest sites in [[Irfan]].]]
[[File:Karbala_City_1.jpg|200px|thumb|left|The [[Haram-Ma'refat]] in Namin is one of the holiest sites in [[Irfan]].]]
Today, the [[Asha Irfan|Asha]] remains the majority religion of the population, with 91,702,269 adherents which stands as 81.72% of the population. 17.01% of the population are Hasawi Irfanics, with 19,093,508 adherents. {{wp|Yazdânism}} stands at 0.67% with 757,592 adherents, Zoroastrianism follows at 0.41% with 460,055 adherents and {{wp|Yazidism}} is the smallest with 0.19% of the population and 213,196 adherents.
Today, the [[Asha Irfan|Asha]] remains the majority religion of the population, with 91,702,269 adherents which stands as 81.72% of the population. 17.01% of the population are Hasawi Irfanics, with 19,093,508 adherents. {{wp|Yazdânism}} stands at 0.67% with 757,592 adherents, Zoroastrianism follows at 0.41% with 460,055 adherents and {{wp|Yazidism}} is the smallest with 0.19% of the population and 213,196 adherents.
[[File:Aknalitch, Yezids temple Ziarat - panoramio.jpg|250px|thumb|left|The Yazidi Baradat Temple in Faidah. ]]
[[File:Aknalitch, Yezids temple Ziarat - panoramio.jpg|250px|thumb|left|The Yazidi Baradat Temple in Faidah. ]]
Yazdânism, Zoroastrianism and Yazidism are officially recognized by the government. But the {{wp|Bahá'í Faith}}, which has several thousand adherents along the border with [[Siphria]], is not officially recognized, and has been persecuted during its existence in both Khazistan and Pasdan since the 19th century, this was extended to the UNIR government upon its creation.
Yazdânism, Zoroastrianism and Yazidism are officially recognized by the government. But the {{wp|Bahá'í Faith}}, which has several thousand adherents along the border with [[Siphria]], is not officially recognized, and has been persecuted during its existence in both Khazistan and Pardaran since the 19th century, this was extended to the federal government upon its creation.


=== Healthcare ===
=== Healthcare ===


The Nautasian public health system, the Unified Health System (Beham Behbood Nezam), is managed and provided by all levels of government, being one of the largest system of this type in the world. On the other hand, private healthcare systems play a complementary role.
The Zorasani public health system, the Unified Health System (Beham Behbood Nezam), is managed and provided by all levels of government, being one of the largest system of this type in the world. On the other hand, private healthcare systems play a complementary role.


Public health services are universal and offered to all citizens of the country for free. However, the construction and maintenance of health centers and hospitals are financed by taxes, and the country spends about 9% of its GDP on expenditures in the area. In 2012, the Union had 1.85 doctors and 2.3 hospital beds for every 1,000 inhabitants.
Public health services are universal and offered to all citizens of the country for free. However, the construction and maintenance of health centers and hospitals are financed by taxes, and the country spends about 9% of its GDP on expenditures in the area. In 2012, Zorasan had 1.85 doctors and 2.3 hospital beds for every 1,000 inhabitants.


Despite all the progress made since the creation of the universal health care system in 1988, there are still several public health problems in the Union. In 2006, the main points to be solved were the high infant (2.51%) and maternal mortality rates (73.1 deaths per 1000 births). However, since 2015 significant progress has been made in combating infant mortality, reducing it from 2.51% to 1.98%.  
Despite all the progress made since the creation of the universal health care system in 1988, there are still several public health problems in Zorasan. In 2006, the main points to be solved were the high infant (2.51%) and maternal mortality rates (73.1 deaths per 1000 births). However, since 2015 significant progress has been made in combating infant mortality, reducing it from 2.51% to 1.98%.  


The number of deaths from noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (151.7 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants) and cancer (72.7 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants), also has a considerable impact on the health of the Nautasian population. Finally, external but preventable factors such as car accidents, violence and suicide caused 10.9% of all deaths in the country.
The number of deaths from noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (151.7 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants) and cancer (72.7 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants), also has a considerable impact on the health of the Nautasian population. Finally, external but preventable factors such as car accidents, violence and suicide caused 10.9% of all deaths in the country.
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Responsibility for educational supervision in the union is primarily organised within the individual federal states. The adult literacy rated 94.0% in September 2015, while it had rated 85.0% in 2008, up from 31.5% in 1976.
Responsibility for educational supervision in the union is primarily organised within the individual federal states. The adult literacy rated 94.0% in September 2015, while it had rated 85.0% in 2008, up from 31.5% in 1976.
[[File:Sharif University of Technology.jpg|250px|thumbnail|left|Abdolreza Mandarani University is considered the premier technical and scientific educational establishment in the UNIR and Nautasia. It is also the leading institute for scientific research and development in the UNIR.]]
[[File:Sharif University of Technology.jpg|250px|thumbnail|left|Abdolreza Mandarani University is considered the premier technical and scientific educational establishment in the union and northern Coius. It is also the leading institute for scientific research and development in Zorasan.]]
The requirement to enter into higher education is to have a high school diploma and pass the Federal University Entrance Exam (officially known as konkur (کنکور)). Many students do a 1–2 year course of pre-university (piš-dānešgāh), which is the equivalent of the {{wp|International Baccalaureate}}. The completion of the pre-university course earns students the Pre-University Certificate.
The requirement to enter into higher education is to have a high school diploma and pass the Federal University Entrance Exam (officially known as konkur (کنکور)). Many students do a 1–2 year course of pre-university (piš-dānešgāh), which is the equivalent of the {{wp|International Baccalaureate}}. The completion of the pre-university course earns students the Pre-University Certificate.


The Union's higher education is sanctioned by different levels of diplomas, including an {{wp|associate degree}} (kārdāni; also known as fowq e diplom) delivered in two years, a {{wp|bachelor's degree}} (kāršenāsi; also known as lisāns) delivered in four years, and a {{wp|master's degree}} (kāršenāsi e aršad) delivered in two years, after which another exam allows the candidate to pursue a doctoral program ({{wp|PhD}}; known as doktorā).
Zorasan's higher education is sanctioned by different levels of diplomas, including an {{wp|associate degree}} (kārdāni; also known as fowq e diplom) delivered in two years, a {{wp|bachelor's degree}} (kāršenāsi; also known as lisāns) delivered in four years, and a {{wp|master's degree}} (kāršenāsi e aršad) delivered in two years, after which another exam allows the candidate to pursue a doctoral program ({{wp|PhD}}; known as doktorā).


A system of apprenticeship called Dual Learning (Tāšnieh Blāmooz) leads to a skilled qualification which is almost comparable to an academic degree. It allows students in vocational training to learn in a company as well as in a state-run trade school. This has been widely credited for aiding the country's diversification of its economy away from reliance upon petrochemicals, it remains the only Nautasian country to operate the system.
A system of apprenticeship called Dual Learning (Tāšnieh Blāmooz) leads to a skilled qualification which is almost comparable to an academic degree. It allows students in vocational training to learn in a company as well as in a state-run trade school. This has been widely credited for aiding the country's diversification of its economy away from reliance upon petrochemicals, it remains the only Nautasian country to operate the system.
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[[Category:UNIR]]
[[Category:UNIR]]
[[Category:Esquarium]]
[[Category:Kylaris]]

Revision as of 22:31, 20 May 2019

Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics
اتحاد جماهیراسلامی آسیای
Ettehād-ye Jamaheer-ye Erfāni-ye Zorasāni
اتحاد الجمهوريات الإسلامية الآسيوية
al-Ittiḥād al-Jumhūrīat al-Erfānīyah al-Korsāniyy
Emblem of Zorasan
Emblem
Motto: استقلال، آزادی، جمهوری اسلامی
Esteqlāl, Āzādi, Ettehād
اتِّحاد حُرّيّة اسْتِقْلال
Istiqlāl, Ḥurriyya, Ittiḥād
(Independence, Freedom, Union)
Anthem: 
  • یک جهان
  • Yek Bastan
  • عالَم واحِد
  • Wāḥidʻālam
  • One World
Capital
and largest city
Zahedan
Official languagesArabic
Pardarian
Ethnic groups
See Ethnicity
Demonym(s)Nautasian
GovernmentFederal sattarist parliamentary republic
Mahrdad Ali Sattari
Evren Volkan
Farzad Akbari
Ibrahim Al-Fahim
LegislatureSupreme Assembly
• Upper house
Superior Council
• Lower house
Popular Council
Establishment
31 October 1953
• Constitution adopted
4 November 1953
• Treaty of Unification
22 May 1956
1974-1979
6 April 1979
• Current constitution
10 May 1984
Area
• Total
3,310,393 km2 (1,278,150 sq mi)
• Water (%)
1.3%
Population
• 2018 estimate
173,112,587
• 2012 census
171,998,206
GDP (PPP)estimate
• Total
$2.077 trillion
• Per capita
$12,002.59
GDP (nominal)estimate
• Total
$1.290 trillion
• Per capita
$7,455
Gini46.9
high
HDI0.769
high
CurrencyToman (₮)
Date formatdd.mm.yyyy
Driving sideleft

The Union of Zorasani Irfanic Repulics (Pasdani: اتحاد جماهیراسلامی آسیای; Ettehād-ye Jamaheer-ye Erfāni-ye Zorasāni; Arabic: اتحاد الجمهوريات الإسلامية الآسيوية; al-Ittiḥād al-Jumhūrīat al-Erfānīyah al-Korsāniyy), commonly called the Zorasani Union, Zorasan or the UZIR, is a federal non-partisan parliamentary republic located in northern Coius. The UZIR is bordered by Xiaodong and Negara to the south, Tsabara to the east and the Solarian Sea to the north and Mazdan Sea to the north-west. The UZIR is home to diverse ethnic groups, with Arta Irfan as the majority and XXX as the largest minority, it also includes XX, Yazidis, XX and a tiny minority of Abburites. Its two largest ethnic groups are Pardarians and Arabs. With a population of 173.1 million it is the Xth largest country in the world and and Xth largest in Coius, it has a total area of XXXXXkm² (XXXXX sp mi), making it the Xth largest in Coius and the Xth largest in the world.

History...


The UZIR is a member of the Community of Nations, GIFA, NAC and the ITO and is recognised as a regional to middle power by international commentators; some have claimed that it is a potential superpower in the event of further economic development. The UNIR has the largest proven oil reserves and is the world's largest producer of oil and natural gas, leading it to be considered an energy superpower.

History

Pre-history

Classical

Middle ages

1800s-1920s

Contemporary

Geography

The land area of Zorasan is XX square miles (XX km2). Pardaran is the largest state at XXXX square miles (XXXX km2). Aramand, is the smallest at is XXXXX square miles (XXX km2) in area. In Irvadistan the Ruqqad Highlands; which is home to Irvadistan's highest point, Mount Hajar Asud (2,814 m; 9,232 ft), divide the western coastal plain from the al-Ramal al-Wusta Desert, while directly south, the Khazi coast is divided from the Dasht-e-Aftab by the Yafā'Aswad highlands. The Dasht-e-Aftab covers roughly 36% of the Khazi-Pardarian central region. The Tinnin Plateau divides the Aftab from the northern Pardarian coastline, these mountains also aided the creation of the Aftab, by blocking oceaniac rain-clouds from heading southward. The Pasdani south is one of the world's most mountainous regions, its landscape dominated by rugged mountain ranges that separate various basins or plateaux from one another. The south-west is dominated by the Exri and Soban; the last contains Zorasan's highest point, Mount Fereydun at 5,610 m (18,406 ft). To the south of the north-west and the Aftab are highlands that protect the southern plains from the desert and arid north. The southern Pasdani region varies between open flat plains to rolling yet fertile hills and valleys.

Irvadistan's interior is arid desert, but is punctuated by two fertile zones, from the north to south runs the Khabur and from the north to the east runs the Khanzir, these two rivers are vital for the country's agricultural regions and are the primary locations of the population. Both stripes of fertile ground are flanked by arid desert.

The UZIR, with its large size and geographic variety, includes most climate types. Having 11 climates out of the world's 13, Zorasan's climate is diverse, ranging from arid or semiarid, to subtropical along the Pardarian coast and the southern forests. On the southern edge of the country, on the shores of Lake Sharezan (the Sharezan Plain) temperatures rarely fall below freezing and the area remains humid for the rest of the year. Summer temperatures rarely exceed 29 °C (84.2 °F). Annual precipitation is 680 mm (26.8 in) in the eastern part of the plain and more than 1,700 mm (66.9 in) in the western part. Water Scarcity is considered to be the biggest threat to Pardaran, Khazestan and Ninejah and Zorasan at large.

To the west, settlements in the Soban basin experience lower temperatures, severe winters with below zero average daily temperatures and heavy snowfall. The eastern and central basins are arid, with less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain, and have occasional deserts. Average summer temperatures rarely exceed 38 °C (100.4 °F). The coastal plains of Irvadistan in south-western Pardaran have mild winters, and very humid and hot summers. The annual precipitation ranges from 135 to 355 mm (5.3 to 14.0 in).

Dasht-e-Aftab desert
Namarestagh foothills
Mount Fereydun
Rainforest of the Sharezan

Government and politics

Main article: Government of the Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics

Zorasan is a federal, Sattarist, parliamentary republic. Zorasan’s political system operates under a framework laid out in the 1983 constitution known as the Treaty of Ascension (Ertegha-Peyman). Amendments generally require a two-thirds majority of both the Popular Council and the Superior Council; the fundamental principles of the constitution, as expressed in the articles guaranteeing human dignity, the role of Irfan, the federal structure, and the rule of law are valid in perpetuity.

State President Evren Volkan
First Minister Farzad Akbari

The Rayis Jomhur-katee (state president), Evren Volkan (19 March 2015–present), is the head of state and invested primarily with representative responsibilities and powers. He is elected by the Superior Council as one of two candidates presented by the Popular Council. The second-highest official in the Zorasani order of precedence is the Avval A’Zam (First Minister), the head of government, who is appointed by the Rayis-Jomhur-katee after being elected by the Popular Council. The third-highest ranking official is the Rayisol-Vozara (President of the Council), who is elected by the Popular Council and responsible for overseeing the daily sessions of the body.

The First Minister, Farzad Akbari (20 March 2015–present), is the head of government and exercises executive power through their State Council, similar to the role of a Prime Minister in other parliamentary democracies. Federal legislative power is vested in the parliament consisting of the Majlis-Mee (Popular Council) and Majlis-Ala (Superior Council) , which together form the legislative body. The Majlis-Mee is elected through direct elections, by first-past-the-post. The members of the Majlis-Ala are divided between those who represent the governments of seven federated states, elected through direct elections by first-past-the-post and those (two-thirds majority), who are appointed by the military.

Since 1983, the entire political system of Zorasani has been constitutionally mandated as non-partisan, with no formal political party, movement or club being permitted to exist within the federal, state or local levels of government. However, the federal level does see several informal blocs or groupings of politicians. The three most prominent blocs are the Zorasani Alliance of the Great Journey, the League of Revolutionary Pioneers and the Civic and Just Association.

Government

Zorasan's three branches of government are poorly defined by the Constitution. The State President, who appoints the First Minister, is elected by the Superior Council. The First Minister is appointed by the State President after receiving the confidence of the Popular Council through an open-ballot election. The head of the Supreme Judicial Council is appointed by the Popular Council with the backing of the Joint Commission for Political Stability.

The relationship between the State President and the First Minister is often disputed. According to convention the State President plays a mostly ceremonial role outside of appointing the First Minister, coordinating between the federal and state governments, acting as commander-in-chief of the armed forces and representing the Union in diplomatic affairs. The State President is elected in an direct election by the Superior Council. Meanwhile the First Minister officially acts as the head of government appointing and leading the executive (the State Council of Ministers) which heads several government departments. Whilst the First Minister is appointed by the State President, they must commanded the confidence of the Popular Council. Whilst the Constitution implies that the First Ministers' power outstrips that of the State President, a capable State President with greater influence over individual parliamentarians may allow the State President to exercise power and influence over the First Minister. Since 1998, the State President has been allowed to sit on cabinet meetings and request roles and duties outside of the constitution from the First Minister.

As of 2015, the Union has been governed by two members of the Zorasani Alliance for the Great Journey, with Evren Volkan as State President and Farzad Akbari as First Minister. It has been known that both worked jointly in 2015 to secure their respective positions, and share power.

The government is also believed to be beholden to the military and clergy, due to the two cabinet-level positions of First and Second State Councillor, with one of each going to the military and clergy. The State Councillors are appointed by the Joint Commission for Political Stability and act as mediators and overseers for the JCPS and government. The military is also guaranteed three positions within the cabinet, Minister of National Defence, Minister of National Security and the Minister of Media and Information.

Legislature

Main article: Supreme Assembly of the Union of Zorasani Irfanic Republics
See also: Political groups and factions of the UZIR
Superior Council of the Union
SuperiorCouncil.png

SuperiorCouncilSeats.png

  Zorasani Alliance for the Great Journey (18)
  League of Revolutionary Pioneers (9)
  Civic and Just Association (5)
  United Irfanic Coalition (4)
  Independents (72)
Popular Council of the Union
PopularCouncil.png

PopularCouncilSeats.png

  Zorasani Alliance for the Great Journey (203)
  League of Revolutionary Pioneers (129)
  Civic and Just Association (126)
  United Irfanic Coalition (49)
  Movement for the Transformation of Zorasan (20)
  Movement for Great Change (10)
  Congress for Popular Freedom (4)
  Independents (39)

The legislature of Zorasan, known as the Popular and National Council, is a bicameral body, and is comprised of a 108-member Superior Council (upper house) and a 580-member Popular Council (lower house), the Popular Council is the sovereign national body. Members of the Popular Council are elected through the first-past-the-post system under universal adult suffrage, representing electoral districts known as Popular constituencies, all members serve for four-year terms. All candidates are vetted by the Joint Commission for Political Stability, a body comprised of senior figures from the military and clergy.

The Superior Council has one-third (36 members) elected from the seven constituent states and two union territories (each providing 4 members), the remaining 72 are appointed by the National Commission for Governance and Unity, a military run-body. The official role of the Superior Council is to equalise the power and representation of the seven states and ensure that all legislation works for the benefit of all states of the union.

A third body, though not constitutionally recognised as part of the legislature is the National Arbitration Council which is comprised of six jurists and seven military officers (nominally the most senior in the union). The Council interprets the constitution and may veto the Parliament. If a law is deemed incompatible with the constitution or Esafkar (Irfanic law), it is referred back to the Parliament for revision.

The legislature of the union is unique in that both houses are formally non-partisan. Though informal groupings of politicians do exist, none operate a structure, organising document or official leadership. These groupings often take shape as like-minded politicians voting in the same manner, while they lack any formal or organised structure, these groupings do vote as cohesive blocs and pursue set agendas. In order to avert de-facto partisanship, First Ministers are prohibited from having ministers drawn from one exclusive bloc by the constitution, as a result, most union governments take the form of coalition governments.

The history and nature of the blocs has been fluid since 1979. On average most blocs last only two consecutive terms of parliament, before either being dissolved or merged into another. However, since 2005, the current make up of the parliament has been solid, making the incumbent blocs the oldest in union history. The largest bloc is the Zorasani Alliance for the Great Journey, which is a hardline conservative Sattarist group, with extensive ties to the military. It has been the "bloc of power" since 2005, with two-consecutive state presidents and first ministers coming from the bloc. The second largest is the League of Revolutionary Pioneers, also comprised of hardliners, it often backs the NAGJ. The third largest is the Civic and Just Association, which is generally considered reformist and liberal in nature.

Law

Administrative divisions

The Union comprises seven federal states which are collectively referred to Eyalat (states). Each state has its own state constitution, and is largely autonomous in regard to its internal organisation. Two of the states are city-states consisting of just one city: the holy cities of Namin and Ardakan. The union also consists of two Union Territories (Ettehād-ye Azaree), which are governed directly by the federal government, these include the Shidvar Islands and Darvazeh. Each state and union territory is led by an elected governor (ostāndār), who is appointed by the state's legislature.

Despite the differences in size and population of the states, each is divided in 24 provinces (ostān), there are 168 provinces in the Union. The provinces are divided into counties (šahrestān), and subdivided into districts (baxš) and sub-districts (dehestān).

Foreign policy

The official goal of the government of Zorosan is to establish a new world order based on world peace, global collective security, and international equality. Since the time of the Irvadistan War, Zorasan's foreign relations have often been portrayed as being based on four strategic principles; eliminating outside influences in the immediate region, maintaining Zorasan as the leading power of northern Coius, securing Zorasani unification and pursuing extensive diplomatic contacts with developing and non-aligned countries, primarily in wider Coius-Bahia.

Zorasan is a member of the Community of Nations, GIFA, NAC and the ITO.

First Minister Farzad Akbari (r) with Xiaodong's Chairman Yuan Xiannian.

Zorasan's closest relations are with Xiaodong, although the nature of these close relations differ. In regards to Xiaodong, following the Corrective Revolution when XXX met Mahrdad Ali Sattari in 1957 both countries began to foster close political and economic ties as both countries were ruled by one-party governments intent on regional hegemony. Close cooperation between both governments became more prominent under Sun Yuting and Ghassan Ali Ghaddar, and have since Evren Volkan and Yuan Xiannian held office seen a dramatic revival of ties. The government of Xi Yao-tong has furthered this policy, signing significant trade deals with Zorasan in 2016 and 2017, and an increase in military cooperation. Zorasan meanwhile has provided military and technological cooperation with Xiaodong, most prominently during the Third Duljunese-Xiaodongese War. The extremely close and friendly relations between Xiaodong and Zorasan has been called the Rongzhuo-Zahedan Axis.

Armed Forces

Main article: Irfanic Revolutionary Army

The Irfanic Revolutionary Army (Arteš-e Enghelâb-e Erfāni) consists of the Land Forces, the Navy and the Air Force. The fifth branch exists, which is held by the National Protection Force which exists as a mostly paramilitary force. The Irfanic Revolutionary Army currently has around 3,712,000 troops overall (761,000 active, 2,951,000 in reserve, including 367,664 paramilitary soldiers), making it overall the Xth largest in the world

A IRAAF H-11 Tondar in-flight.

The State President of the Union is the commander-in-chief of the Irfanic Revolutionary Army, which answers to the State Council of Ministers via Ministry of National Defence (MoND), which is headed always, by the Chief of Staff of the Irfanic Revolutionary Army. Military affairs are primarily handled by the Supreme National Security Commission, a forum of military commanders who nominally subordinate to the State Council of Ministers. Since the Arduous Revolution, the military has played a significant and domineering role in national politics.

The coast guard and gendarmerie and police forces take on military functions - in the event of war, but are subordinate to the Ministry of State Security. The main intelligence unit, the General Intelligence Directorate (Resat-e Ejmal-e Ettela'at; RESAT), also is officially part of the military structure however they report directly to the government via the Ministry of National Defence. Despite its role as the military intelligence agency, it enjoys a significantly greater role in federal intelligence activities than the State Security Service (Ta'min-e Ejbaree-e Dowlat; TEJDO).

The Irfanic Revolutionary Army is one of the largest armed forces in the world and the largest in Nautasia.

The Irfanic Revolutionary Army has gone through numerous periods of modernisation and reform to maintain a dominant position within northern Coius; known as the Union First (Ebteda'Ettehād) policy, allowing it remain relatively as the most disciplined, well armed and capable forces in Coius; this has meant either great efforts being made in domestic R&D or the purchase of quality equipment and systems from foreign producers.

It is widely accepted that Zorasan operates an extensive chemical weapons arsenal, with an estimated combined total of over 14,000 tons of chemical agents in storage.

Conscription - known as "Patriotic and Revolutionary Duty" (Takleef Enghelabee-parast) is currently enforced for all male citizens between the ages of 18-21 for a period of a year to three years, dependent on education and job location. Zorasan does not recognise conscientious objection and does not offer a civilian alternative to military service, many conscientious objectors are either imprisoned under charges of "conspiring against the state" or press-ganged into four year service.

The armed forces are subject to controversial accusations of abuse and harsh treatment of trainee soldiers; with the use of beatings, caning and lashing in punishment of poor behaviour, low enthusiasm and slow progress in improvements. The IRA is also known to train its forces in "Isolated Desert Deployment"; in that units of troops are airdropped into the desert, with limited food and water to develop resilience in the event of being trapped or stranded in hostile environments seen in Coius.

Human rights

Zorasan has been consistently criticised internally and abroad, with human right monitoring organisations such as the International Council for Democracy as of 2017 ranking the Union as unfree. The ICD stated "Zorasan remains a fundamentally flawed parliamentary democracy, with overbearing control by the unaccountable and unelected clergy and military controlled bodies. The mass surveillance and censorship system remains in place and undermines freedom of speech and the press. The excessive use of capital punishment, torture, rape and false imprisonment also remains rampant."

Zorasan's situation is unique in that the systematic abuses of human rights is conducted outside government control and oversight. The ICD has noted that much of the repressive policies and activities are conducted by the military, rather than the federal government. The military's oversized control of state media and the use of the General Intelligence Directorate (RESAT) to pursue activists, civil rights lawyers and critics of the state, led the ICD and the Euclean Community in 2018 to note, "without confrontation of the deep-state within the UZIR, it is unlikely that human rights will improve in the medium to long term."

Economy

Main article: Economy of Zorasan

Zorasan's economy is a mixture of state ownership of oil and other large enterprises, village agriculture, and small to medium-scale private trading and service ventures. In 2017, GDP was $1.290 trillion ($2.077 trillion trillion at PPP), or $12,002 at PPP per capita. Zorasan is the Xth largest economy in Coius and XXth in the world. Zorasan is ranked as an upper-middle income economy by the Global Institute for Fiscal Affairs. In the early 21st century the service sector contributed the largest percentage of the GDP, followed by industry (mining and manufacturing) and agriculture.

The Central Bank of the Union is responsible for developing and maintaining the Zorasani toman, which serves as the country's currency. The government doesn't recognize trade unions other than those under the Labour Union of Workers and Farmers, which are subject to the approval of employers and the military. The minimum wage as of August 2017 was 2,331 toman a month ($434). Unemployment as of August 2017 was 5.45%, youth unemployment stands at 10.5%, aided by the Bandegee-ye Ashkhas (People's Service) a government run, but charity funded employment scheme that offers young people short-term contracted work.

The Pashtaran refinery is the largest oil refinement facility in the world.

In 2017, about 45% of the government's budget came from oil and natural gas revenues, and 31% came from taxes and fees. As of 2017 it is estimated, oil and natural gas contributed 30% whilst taxes and fees increased to 45%; as the federal government maintained its policies of diversification of the economy. Since 1980, Zorasan has operated the economic policy known as "Oil to Factory", in that oil revenues would be used as capital to fund industrialisation and diversification, over an extensive welfare state.

The Union General Steel and Iron Corporation is the largest producer of steel in Zorasan.

The Union's economy has consistently registered growth since 1979, due to its persistent economic reform plan in operation since 1980, which aims to completely diversify the economy from over-reliance on petrochemicals, whilst at the same time greatly expanding the sector's production capacity. As a result, Zorasan maintains a strong biotechnology, nanotechnology, and pharmaceuticals industry, as well as a manufacturing economy leading in the fields of car-manufacture and transportation, construction materials, home appliances, food and agricultural goods, armaments, pharmaceuticals, information technology, power and petrochemicals. Zorasan has a sizeable automotive industry, which produced over a million and a half motor vehicles in 2017, ranking as the fourth largest producer in Coius. Shipyards have 15 floating docks of different sizes and two dry docks. In 2017, there were ten active shipyards in Zorasan, with another 50 being built at the start of 2018. Zorasani shipyards are highly regarded both for the production of chemical and oil tankers up to 10,000 dwt and also for their mega yachts. National brands like Tava and Varan are among the largest producers of consumer electronics and home appliances in Coius and invest a substantial amount of funds for research and development in new technologies related to these fields.

Other key sectors of the national economy are Irfanic banking, construction, home appliances, electronics, textiles, food, mining, iron and steel, and machine industry. As of 2018, the agricultural sector accounted for 11 percent of GDP, while the industrial sector accounted for 25 percent and the services sector for 62 percent. However, agriculture still accounts for a quarter of employment.

Zorasan is one of the world's leading producers of ships.

Energy

Zorasan has the largest proved gas reserves in the world, with 38.6 trillion cubic metres, and is the largest gas producer. It also ranks first in oil reserves with an estimated 313,600,000,000 barrels. Many consider Zorasan to be the premier energy superpower, unlike other oil producers in Coius and elsewhere, Zorasan does not import fuel products due to high regulation on use and tough laws regarding contraband. Since the 1980s, the UNIR has used the high energy prices to fund exploration of other untapped fields and the modernisation of old production facilities.

The addition of new hydroelectric stations and the streamlining of conventional coal and oil-fired stations increased installed capacity to 33,000 megawatts. Of that amount, about 75% was based on natural gas, 18% on oil, and 7% on hydroelectric power. In 2017, Zorasan announced plans to construct a further eight large solar and wind farms in its desert regions, to decrease its carbon footprint, while two tidal power plants are also to be built. Zorasan also announced plans to construct two major damns on the Khazehabad and Azani Rivers in Pardaran.

Manufacturing

Zorasan has maintained manufacturing as one of the biggest recipients of oil revenues through the process known as "Oil to Factory"; which began under State President Javad Jahandar in 1980. The country's continued use of the Oil to Factory scheme has seen greater investment and returns, due to the high levels of oil and gas production. However, the official position was declared early to be focusing on "high-tech industries", in a move towards an electronic and IT based industrial sector.

Zorasan is the fourth largest automobile producer in Coius.

Zorasan's major manufactured products are petrochemicals, steel and copper products. Other important manufactures include automobiles, home and electric appliances, telecommunications equipment, cement and industrial machinery. Zorasan operates the largest operational population of industrial robots in northern Coius. Other products include paper, rubber products, processed foods, leather products and pharmaceuticals. In 2017, textile mills, using domestic cotton and wool such as Zahedan Patou and Borazjan Termeh employed around 570,000 people around Borazjan, Zahedan, Qufeira and along the Golden coast. Zorasan remains one of the largest producers of heavy vehicles, including trucks, buses, construction vehicles and locomotives that are sold to Coian markets mostly.

In 2016, the government announced an extension to the Oil to Factory programme, which will see government grants and subsidies focus on the expansion of high quality products including computers, smartphones and other information technology.

Agriculture

As of August 2017, Zorasan is the world's largest producer of hazelnuts, cherries, figs, apricots, quinces and pomegranates; the second largest producer of watermelons, cucumbers and chickpeas; the third largest producer of tomatoes, eggplants, green peppers, lentils and pistachios; the fourth largest producer of onions and olives and the fifth largest producer of sugar beet. The country has been self-sufficient in food production since 1984.

Tourism

Science and technology

Infrastructure

Demographics

According to the Statistical Centre of the Union (Markaz-e Amar-e Ettehād), the country's population was 171.9 million people in 2012, nearly 70% of whom lived in towns and cities. According to the 2018 estimate, the population is increasing by 1.55 percent each year. Zorasan has an average population density of XX people per km². People within the 15–64 age group constitute 67.4 percent of the total population; the 0–14 age group corresponds to 25.3 percent; while senior citizens aged 65 years or older make up 7.3 percent. In 1980, when the first official census was recorded in the Union (following the annexation of Irvadistan), the population was 63.6 million. The largest city in the union, Zahedan, is also Xth largest in population and size in Coius.

Composition of the UNIR by ethnicity (all estimations)
Pardarian
 
 51.11%
Arab
 
 32.21%
Turkics
 
 10.02%
Kurds
 
 2.73%
Yazidis
 
 1.60%
Balochs
 
 1.10%
Tajiks
 
 0.69%
Pashtun
 
 0.54%
Source: Markaz-e Amar-e Ettehād (SCU)
These are estimates.

Article 18 of the Union Constitution defines a "Zorasani" as "anyone who is bound to the Zorasani union-state through the bond of citizenship"; therefore, the legal use of the term "Zorasani" as a citizen of the Union is different from the ethnic definition. However, the majority of the Zorasani population are of Pardarian ethnicity and approximately 55-60 per cent of the country's citizens identify themselves as Pardarian. It is estimated that there are at least 17 ethnic groups represented in Zorasan.

Reliable data on the ethnic mix of the population is not available, because federal census figures do not include statistics on ethnicity. Arabs are the largest non-Pardarian ethnicity at anywhere from 25-29 per cent of the population, Turkics are also included. Statisticians have been known to use pre-1979 studies, finding that in 1928, Pardarians represented 48% of the population, while Arabs formed 35%, alongside 10% for the Turkics. In a 2013 study, Bahram Azidi wrote, "it is more likely that the Pardarians collectively form 53% of the national population, Arabs standing at 41% and various minorities standing at 6%. More often than not, many reject ideas of ethnicity in support of the state's aims of unifying all Zorasani peoples as one harmonious group."

There remains in Zorasan, some significant "Non-Irfanic" minorities, including Yazidis, Kurds, Balochs, Pashtun and Tajiks.

The term "minority" itself remains a sensitive issue in Zorasan, while the federal government is frequently criticised for its treatment of minorities. Although minorities are not recognised, state-run Tasnim Broadcasting broadcasts television and radio programs in minority languages. Also, some minority language classes can be chosen in elementary schools.

 
Largest cities or towns in Zorasan
Markaz-e Amar-e Ettehād
Rank Province Pop. Rank Province Pop.
Zahedan
Zahedan
Javanrud
Javanrud 		1 Zahedan Zahedan-takht 18,557,230 11 Ardakan Aqda 970,611 Faidah
Faidah
Mazdavand
Mazdavand
2 Javanrud Ejrud 9,573,217 12 Gamsar Shahrud 803,852
3 Faidah Qarqur 4,932,075 13 Shul Abad Delfan 776,802
4 Mazdavand Daland 3,403,919 14 Tarim Hajjah 543,127
5 Bandar-e Parvadeh Bushkan 3,157,120 15 Oshtorinan Basht 541,111
6 Narmashir Ganaveh 2,110,343 16 Pataveh Ashkezar 490,536
7 Khalifan Zabdah 2,501,332 17 Qush Teppa Teppah 436,002
8 Borazjan Ashkezar 1,855,375 18 Bandar-e-Khamir Dorestan 399,110
9 Qeydar Tarut 1,813,997 19 At-Turbah Khamr 300,019
10 Qufeira Raydah 1,711,000 20 Namin Tazeh-Kand 274,358

Languages

Religion

Historically, Proto-Pardarian religion and the subsequent Zoroastrianism faith was the dominant religion in the Khazi-Pardaran region, while pre-Irfanic polytheism dominated Irvadistan. This changed after the Irfanic conquest of all three countries. Since the 900s CE, Pardaran and Khazistan have been dominated by the Asha sect of Irfan, while Irvadistan saw the emergence of Hasawi Irfan in the 1100s, this sect represents a significant minority of the state. Other faiths such as Zoroastrianism and Yazdânism exist in smaller communities across the country.

Composition of Zorasan by religion
Asha
 
 81.72%
Hasawi
 
 17.01%
Yazdânism
 
 0.67%
Zoroastrianism
 
 0.41%
Yazidism
 
 0.19%
Source: Markaz-e Amar-e Ettehād (SCU)

Officially the union is "Irfanic" with both Asha and Hasawi being recognised as the state religions, sectarianism against either sect is severely punished and unconstitutional, but no such status exists for the minority religions.

The Haram-Ma'refat in Namin is one of the holiest sites in Irfan.

Today, the Asha remains the majority religion of the population, with 91,702,269 adherents which stands as 81.72% of the population. 17.01% of the population are Hasawi Irfanics, with 19,093,508 adherents. Yazdânism stands at 0.67% with 757,592 adherents, Zoroastrianism follows at 0.41% with 460,055 adherents and Yazidism is the smallest with 0.19% of the population and 213,196 adherents.

The Yazidi Baradat Temple in Faidah.

Yazdânism, Zoroastrianism and Yazidism are officially recognized by the government. But the Bahá'í Faith, which has several thousand adherents along the border with Siphria, is not officially recognized, and has been persecuted during its existence in both Khazistan and Pardaran since the 19th century, this was extended to the federal government upon its creation.

Healthcare

The Zorasani public health system, the Unified Health System (Beham Behbood Nezam), is managed and provided by all levels of government, being one of the largest system of this type in the world. On the other hand, private healthcare systems play a complementary role.

Public health services are universal and offered to all citizens of the country for free. However, the construction and maintenance of health centers and hospitals are financed by taxes, and the country spends about 9% of its GDP on expenditures in the area. In 2012, Zorasan had 1.85 doctors and 2.3 hospital beds for every 1,000 inhabitants.

Despite all the progress made since the creation of the universal health care system in 1988, there are still several public health problems in Zorasan. In 2006, the main points to be solved were the high infant (2.51%) and maternal mortality rates (73.1 deaths per 1000 births). However, since 2015 significant progress has been made in combating infant mortality, reducing it from 2.51% to 1.98%.

The number of deaths from noncommunicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (151.7 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants) and cancer (72.7 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants), also has a considerable impact on the health of the Nautasian population. Finally, external but preventable factors such as car accidents, violence and suicide caused 10.9% of all deaths in the country.

Education

Responsibility for educational supervision in the union is primarily organised within the individual federal states. The adult literacy rated 94.0% in September 2015, while it had rated 85.0% in 2008, up from 31.5% in 1976.

Abdolreza Mandarani University is considered the premier technical and scientific educational establishment in the union and northern Coius. It is also the leading institute for scientific research and development in Zorasan.

The requirement to enter into higher education is to have a high school diploma and pass the Federal University Entrance Exam (officially known as konkur (کنکور)). Many students do a 1–2 year course of pre-university (piš-dānešgāh), which is the equivalent of the International Baccalaureate. The completion of the pre-university course earns students the Pre-University Certificate.

Zorasan's higher education is sanctioned by different levels of diplomas, including an associate degree (kārdāni; also known as fowq e diplom) delivered in two years, a bachelor's degree (kāršenāsi; also known as lisāns) delivered in four years, and a master's degree (kāršenāsi e aršad) delivered in two years, after which another exam allows the candidate to pursue a doctoral program (PhD; known as doktorā).

A system of apprenticeship called Dual Learning (Tāšnieh Blāmooz) leads to a skilled qualification which is almost comparable to an academic degree. It allows students in vocational training to learn in a company as well as in a state-run trade school. This has been widely credited for aiding the country's diversification of its economy away from reliance upon petrochemicals, it remains the only Nautasian country to operate the system.

According to some university rankings, the top university in the UNIR is the Rasool Burzafrah Academy, followed by Mahrdad Ali Sattari University and Zahedan Metropolitan University, Mazdavand Technical University and the Central Ekanbat University. However since the 1960s, many military academies have offered their student cadets non-military courses, in the sciences, engineering, mathematics and later IT.

Culture

Music and literature

Media

Architecture

Sport

Cuisine

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