Arthasthan
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United Socialist Republic of Arthasthan Name in national languages
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 Flag
 State emblem
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| Motto: यतो धर्मस्ततो जयः "Yato Dharmas-Tato Jayaḥ" "Whence Dharma, thence victory" | |||||||||
 Location of Arthasthan (dark blue) in Coius. | |||||||||
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| Capital and largest city | Nadipatnam | ||||||||
| Official languages | Samundrese Utcalan Prasumi Matrabashi | ||||||||
| Recognised regional languages | Tamisari Marani Vijayla Valarna | ||||||||
| Ethnic groups (2019) |
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| Demonym(s) | Arthani | ||||||||
| Government | Ethnofederalist (federal) semi-presidential council republic under a People's democracy | ||||||||
| Abhijit Kamalanayan | |||||||||
• Premier | Jaidayal Indushekhar | ||||||||
| Legislature | Assembly | ||||||||
| Independence from Etruria | |||||||||
| 1944 | |||||||||
• Formation of the Republics | 1950 | ||||||||
• Reorganisation into the United Socialist Republic | 1967 | ||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
• Total | 625,945.6 km2 (241,678.9 sq mi) | ||||||||
• Water (%) | 4.5 | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 2020 estimate | 107,281,772 | ||||||||
• Density | 171.39/km2 (443.9/sq mi) | ||||||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2020 estimate | ||||||||
• Total | $816 billion | ||||||||
• Per capita | $7,607 | ||||||||
| Gini (2020) | 31.237 medium | ||||||||
| HDI (2020) | 0.620 medium | ||||||||
| Currency | Masha | ||||||||
| Driving side | right | ||||||||
Arthasthan (Samundrese: अर्थस्थान, Utcalan: ଆର୍ଥାସ୍ଥାନ, Prasumi: অর্থথানা, Matrabashi अर्थस्थान), officially the United Socialist Republic of Arthasthan, is a sovereign state in Satria, bordered by Padaratha to the west, Rajyaghar to the east, Ajahadya to the southeast, and Baekjeong to the south. It is nominally a federal union of multiple sovereign republics; in practice the government is centralised under the federal government. Arthasthan is the second most populated country in Satria with a population of nearly 110 million. The country is divided into 5 States, 3 Autonomous States, the Central Peoples' State, and the Capital District of Nadipatnam.
The area which makes up Arthasthan has been continuously inhabited for thousands of years, with archaeological remains recording the presence of sedentary agriculture from around 4,300 BCE and the existence of pastoralist groups before this time. Located at the delta of the Bashurat River, Arthasthan was a heartland for the development of the Sataro-Euclean peoples who arrived from the east and subjugated the endemic peoples. The fertile valleys of the Bashurat river helped grow several large states in the antique era, making Arthasthan a centre of religious and philosophical as well as economic exchange. This led to the birth of the Ashrama, philosophical and theological schools which centred upon religious asceticism and pacifism.
Under the Ashramic period, which began around 700 BCE and which would continue until the emergence of the Sangma as a rival power, the region of modern day Arthasthan was the home of several wealthy states. However, at the coming of the common era, the Ashramic princedoms were subjugated by the Sangma dynasty. The region would remain under the Sangma for the majority of the dynasty's history, before the Nadipatnam Thakurate broke away and fought several wars with the central state. As Sangma power receded, more Arthani Thakurates would break away, eventually forming a confederacy of princely states called the Chamtamula Confederacy in the south. In the north, various minor states existed, which would eventually form the Rajadom of Pali. The confederacy was partially conquered by the Togoti Khaganate; its eastern region was directly annexed and its southern region was vassalized. Following the collapse of the Togoti Khaganate, a major general named Akdoğan, established his own fiefdom which became the Rajadom of Akdoğan. The Rajadom of Akdoğan faced strong competition from the Rajadom of Ajahadya to the east, and the Rajadom of Pali to the north. Desiring support, the Rajadoms turned to Euclea and especially Etruria and Narozalica for support. While this was at first manifested by increased trade and military advisors, the Euclean powers began to extract concessions. Kassar, modern day Nagapur, was granted to Narozalica following a limited armed campaign against the Palis, and in 1840s the Pali and Akdoğans were forced to cede their states to Etrurian rule.
During the Great War, Arthasthan supplied troops to Etruria but was also a centre of activity for anti-Euclean resistance. After almost a century of Etrurian colonization and repression, anti-colonialist movements were largely destroyed, but after the war the remaining nationalists and anti-colonialists formed the Satrian Section of the Workers' International. Independence would come during the Solarian War, led by the National Liberation Army which established a Pardal Republic known as the Satrian Commandery, ruled by the Arthasthan dominated Satrian Section and its Subsections. In 1967, the Commandery was reformed into the United Socialist Republic, marking the end of Arthani Pan-satrianism as a major political force. In the following decades after independence, Arthasthan participated in multiple conflicts in Satria.
Arthasthan is classified as a flawed democracy and as a Southern democracy due to the influence of the Arthani Subsection. Ethnic and religious divides are also present, due to the diverse nature of the state which unites many different groups and religions. Arthasthan is a developing nation, reliant on agricultural production, manufacturing, commercial fishing, and tourism for the nation’s economy. The country is considered a middle power in Kylaris due its population and geographic location. Due to its status as a socialist country it is a full member of the Association for International Socialism. It is also an observer member of BCO and a full member of COMDEV, the Community of Nations, and the International Trade Organization.
Etymology
On its own, the Samundrese word अर्थ (ártha) is defined as "meaning", "aim", and "purpose", but when placed into various compound words its definition can vary considerably. The Samundrese word स्थान (sthān) refers to "place", "site", and "location". When this suffix is added, ártha means "wealth" and "prosperity" so the compound word árthasthān literally means "place of wealth" or more figuratively "land of wealth". The first known use of the name "Árthasthān" dates to the 10th century during the High Period of the Sangma Dynasty, where the term appeared in official documents to refer to the Bashurat River Delta as a "place of wealth". As the name first appeared in the record of imperial administrators instead of local ones, it appears that the name originated as an exonym, rather than an endonym.
History
Ancient Arthasthan
Sangma period
Post Sangma period
Early modern period
Colonial period
Satrian Commandery
United Socialist Republic
Geography
Arthasthan’s geography is diverse, varying from low coastal plains to tall mountain ranges. The southern region of the country is characterised by flat plains with large slow moving rivers. Its most prominent feature is the Bashurat River Delta in the southeast. The country is divided by the Pavitra Mountain Range, which runs through the center of the country. The southern slopes of the mountain range features gently sloping foothills compared to the steeper northern slopes. As a result, the northern coast generally has rugged and steeper coasts than the southern coast.
The country can be divided into five distinct geographical regions, the Bashurat River Delta, the Southern Coast, the Interior Plain, the Highlands, and the Northern Coast. The River Delta is a maze of channels, swamps, lakes, and floodplain sediments. As it is the main drainage point for the entire Bashurat River, it makes the region extremely fertile. The southern coastal region’s flat shorelines merge into the Interior Plain, a large flat region in the center of the country. While not as fertile as the river delta, the floodplains formed by the region’s many small rivers provide fertile land. This region makes up the majority of the country and is where most of Arthasthan’s population lives.
The Highlands consist of the Pavitra Mountain Range and its surrounding foothills. It contains the country's highest point, at 2,621 meters above sea level. The mountain divide traditionally marks the boundary between Northern Arthasthan and Central Arthasthan. The mountains also mark the northern boundary of the Sura River’s drainage basin. Due to the high altitude few Arthanis live in this region. The western end of the mountain range descends in altitude to an elevated plateau and foothill near the border with Padaratha. The steeper slope in the north creates a rockier and steeper shoreline in the north; it is common to find small cliffs and bluffs.
Climate
Arthasthan's climate is largely a tropical climate with some isolated regional climates caused by elevation. The majority of Arthasthan is a hot tropical monsoon climate. Parts of the Northern Coast is a tropical rainforest climate, although the climate doesn't reach far inland. The lower regions of the Highlands feature humid continental climates, which forms as a transition zone between the lower elevations and the lower elevations. In the mountain peaks in the eastern Highlands, there is a icy mountain climate, with snow year round.
Only parts of the Northern Coast receive precipitation year round. For the rest of the country, the majority of precipitation arrives between from December to June during the monsoon season. Most of the precipitation from these storms falls in the mountains as snow. Temperatures across most of Arthasthan remain largely consistent with relevantly minor differences based upon the weather.
Biodiversity
Arthasthan is home to diverse tropical floral and fauna, especially within the mountainous regions. There are ten nature reserves and nine national parks in Arthasthan that provide safe haven for many rare and endangered plants and animals. Arthasthan is commonly divided into into the Lowland biome and the Mountain biome, although each biome can be easily divided into a number of different biotic zones.
The Lowland biome is characterised by a tropical climate that is generally considered to cover nearly all of Arthasthan. Tropical forest and shrubland covers a majority of the biome as well as some semi-arid vegetation for the most extreme regions. Arthasthan's tropical forests can be subdivided further into broad categories of canopy density, or the proportion of the area of a forest covered by its tree canopy. The country's very dense forest, whose canopy density is greater than 70%, is largely found in the interior. Due to human habitation in the region, wildlife is most commonly found in these forests. Common wildlife in this area include tigers, elephants, monkeys, and the Satrian river dolphin.
The Mountain biome is characterised by colder and wetter weather with most of the precipitation falling as snow. As a result, the region forms the southern watershed for the northern region Bashurat River Basin and other rivers. Furthermore the rain shadow of the Pavitra Mountain Range causes the southern slope of the mountain to be warmer and drier. The biome is covered by forests at the lower elevations before the trees eventually give way to an subalpine zone. Above the tree line, is an alpine tundra devoid of large vegitation because of its elevation. Common wildlife in the region are suited to the mountainous terrain, which include the Snow Leopard and the Coian Lynx.
Government and politics
Arthasthan's uncodified constitution, the People's Laws of Arthasthan, declares that the country is a federal union of socialist republics united to achieve the goal of achieving a socialist society. The Laws officially establishes this socialist federation within the framework of as a federal democratic republic governed by a parliamentary system. However in practice it operates under a system where the Satrian Section of the Worker's International (SSWI) and its Subsections controls the political climate of the union and its individual states. In addition, while Arthasthan's constitution guarantees basic civil and political rights for all of its citizens, the government has inconsistently followed or ignored these protections entirely. For these reasons, Arthasthan is often considered by scholars to be an illiberal democracy, a Southern democracy, or an outright authoritarian state.
Government
The People's Laws defines the legislature of Arthasthan, known as the Assembly of Arthasthan, as the highest de jure state authority. It functions as a unicameral body consisting of around 600 members directly elected by Party-list proportional representation by the population of member states. The Assembly has broad legislative authority, but is mainly concerned with economic planning and the government budget. Parliamentary elections are scheduled every four years, but unstable coalitions or a no-confidence vote by the Assembly can dissolve a government earlier. The Assembly elects the Premier, a member of parliament supported by a parliamentary majority who serves as head of government for a four year term, renewable once. The Premier is responsible for the exercise of executive powers in implementing the decrees and general policies approved by the Assembly. The Premier is assisted by a council of ministers, known as the Executive Council, who are appointed by the Premier and approved by the Assembly. Together the Premier and the Executive Council coordinates government decisions, and selects government policies to be placed before the legislature.
Satrian Section
The People's Laws of Arthasthan declares that the Arthani-led Satrian Section of the Workers' International, "is the regional representative of the Workers' International, the Section shall play a leading role in the development of a socialist state" which constitutionalises its prominent status in Arthani politics. Since the foundation of the United Socialist Republic, the party institutions of the SSWI operate in parallel and in conjunction with normal government institutions. The party directly manages government functions, such as national defence, through the Army of the Socialist Revolution which is ultimately under the control of the party's leadership rather than the state. The Section is not a traditional political party, but rather a political forum for the socialist movement in Arthasthan, which consists of the United Front of the People, and numerous labour unions, youth organizations, cultural organizations, charities, and other groups. The structure of the party is dual layered, consisting of the federal Satrian Section and many Subsections for each constituent republic. The party structures of the Subsections largely emulated the structure of the Satrian Sections. Local authorities were organized likewise into party congresses, councils and executive committees.
The highest office within the party is the First Secretary, who is also de facto head of state of the United Socialist Republic. In addition to performing duties as head of state, the Secretary is commander in chief of the Army of the Socialist Revolution, and performs numerous key administrative functions of the party by controlling its national organisation. The First Secretary and other high level party officials are elected by the National Party Congress, which is held annually. The National Congress servers as an official platform for debate within the party as it determines and approves party policy. The last major party institution is the People's Congress which is an assembly of representatives from the socialist movement. Its main purpose is to coordinate the policies of the national government with its member organisations. In addition it has de facto legislative powers, as many of its members are also Assembly delegates. While the Congress began as a party institution, it is increasingly functioning as part of the federal government, especially since membership of the Congress was opened to groups not directly affiliated with the Subsection.
Law
Before 1987, the highest judicial authority in the country was the Satrian Section's Political and Legal Affairs Commission, which delegated responsibility of managing the judicial system to a series of committees. Since then power over the judiciary has been officially transferred to the Council of Judicial Affairs. Its members are appointed by the Preimer and confirmed by the Assembly. The Council of Judicial Affairs is not a court, but serves to organize the judicial system of the country by hiring, firing, promoting, and assigning judges. Although the Council of Justice is an independent body, it continues to cooperates closely with the Political and Legal Affairs Commission.
In turn the Council delegates non-constitutional judicial powers to the Supreme Court of Justice. The Court of Justice is the highest court for criminal and private law and has supreme appellate jurisdiction as well as supreme original jurisdiction over non-constitutional cases. The Council of Justice also appoints the judges of several high courts that serve as regional judicial circuits, although the State government must approve the appointment. A regional judicial council appointed by the Council of Judicial Affairs also appoints the judges that serve the courts of the Local Districts, although it usually appoints a judge recommended by the District.
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations
Armed forces
Economy
Agriculture
Industry
Services
Infrastructure
Energy
Demographics
The country is the second most populated country in Satria behind Ajahadya, with its population estimated to be around 107 million people in 2021. The annual growth rate, calculated by the last census in 2018, was reported to be 1.45%. The total fertility rate is estimated to be 1.7 children per woman, which continues a declining trend over the last couple decades. However the median age of the country is 23.6 years old with the majority of the country below 30 years old. There is an estimated 102.3 males for every 100 females in 2021. The average life expectancy is 72.2 years, with 69.2 years for men and 75.5 years for women.
Migration from rural to urban areas has been an important dynamic in Arthasthan recent history. The 2018 census found that the urban population increased to 31% of the total population, an increase of 4% since the last census. Arthasthan has two well defined population regions which forms a large arc in the country stretching from the Bashurat River Basin, to Yadavpur and Bangnon in the east, to Baleswar and Shaktibandar in the northern coastal region. The majority of Arthasthan's population lives within this general region.
Ethnicity
Arthasthan is widely considered to be a multiethnic country with diverse origins due to migrations that occurred over the last thousand years. The people of Arthasthan are divided into four general ethnic categories; Parbhan, Purvan, Vanavasi, and Other, which are in turn divided into specific ethnic groups. The Parbhanic group represents more than three-quarters (75%) of the population, but there are more than a dozen different ethnic groups within Arthasthan, largely from the Vanavasi.
Around 75% of the population, about 81.3 million people, are Parbhans who speak various Sataro-Euclean langauges. The largest Parbhan subgroup is the Samundrese who make up a majority of the southeastern region and 26% of the country's population. The next largest ethnic subgroup are the Utcalans who are largely found in the northern-central region, and make up 16% of the population. The third largest subgroup is the Prasumi which are concentrated in the Bashurat River Basin and consists of 14% of the national population. The fourth largest ethnic subgroup is the Matrabashi who make up around 10% of the national population and are found in two regions in the north. The last major ethnic subgroup are the Vijayla, who make up around 5% and live along the border region with Baekjeong to the south.
Around 13% of the population, about 14 million people, are Purvans who speak their eponymous languages. The group largely consists of the Tamisari and the Valarna peoples; the Valarna people can be found in the central regions bordering Padaratha, while the Tamisari largely reside on the island of Minkathala. During the Free Satria Campaign from 1951 to 1965, Purvans were the target of cultural and ideological "rectification" policies, in order to assimilate them into Arthani society. Today Purvans continue to face cultural and economic discrimination because of their differing cultures and lack legal protection.
Around 9% of the population, around 9.4 million people belong to the Vanavasi. The Vanavasi are not an ethnic group, but rather a term to refer to over 900 different ethnic groups, through intentional or accidental isolation, have been sheltered from wider Satrian society. Thus the term refers to an extremely diverse range of different ethnocultural groups, including Sataro-Euclean peoples, Purvan peoples, and a language isolate. Most Vanavasi today live in traditional social groups, such as tribes or clans, based on farming.
The last ethnic category are "Others", which largely consist of half a million Baeans. The remaining 200 thousand people include Eucleans, and other Coians such as South Coians, Southeast Coians, Rahelians, and Bahians.
Languages
Arthasthan is a multiethnic and multilingual state; the official languages of Arthasthan is Samundrese, Utcalan, Prasumi, and Matrabashi languages. Other languages such as Tamisari, Marani, Vijayla, Valarna are recognized by the national government and their respective state. The many languages of the Vanavasi are not individually but collectively recognized as a protected language.
Samundrese is the lingua gaullica and national language designated by the Arthani government. It replaced Vespasian as the language of business, government, law, and education during the Free Satria Campaign. The use of other languages for these situations are heavily discouraged, although translations are sometimes provided. Most Arthani citizens are bilingual by using Samundrese as a common language to communicate with other Arthani and their mother-tongue to communicate within their ethnic group.
The other languages in Arthasthan are spoken by their constituent ethnic groups such as Prasumi, Tamisari, and Matrabashi. There is significant diversity within the Vanavasi languages with 800 indigenous languages, but most have fewer than 1,000 speakers. The average Vanavasian language has around 7000 speakers, although some languages have gone extinct.
Religion
Largest cities
Education
The Arthasthan government has wide ranging authority over the country's education system and curriculum, although the state governments have some authority to monitor and create specialised curriculum. Education is free and is compulsory from the ages of 5 to 18, although students have the option at 16 to join the workforce through an apprenticeship. The standard school year runs from mid August to late May with some regional variations. The Ministry of Education and the provincial Educational Offices work in cooperation to ensure the quality of education. Homeschooling is an option for students who have severe behavioural or learning difficulties or would be impeded by placement in a school.
Optional kindergarten education is provided by various organisations for all children between two and five years old. Primary education, lasts for five years, which beings at five years of age and ends with students graduating at ten. The school first concentrates on teaching student basic knowledge, skills, and activities before shifting to gauging a student’s abilities. A test administered before graduation will measure a student’s cumulative abilities.
Secondary education is broken into two parts; the General School for general education from ten to fourteen years old and two separate specialised schools from fourteen to eighteen. The High School is for talented and intelligent students, which emphasises academic learning and preparation for universities. Students can also go to a Vocational School, which teaches a student the skills for a particular job. Otherwise they can remain in the General School until graduation. They also offer artistic, gymnasium, and vocational classes. The General School also offers a variety of courses designed to prepare students with essential skills for adulthood. These include learning to pay various taxes and bills, driving a car, gun safety, and culinary classes.
There are 12 universities and over 100 colleges for tertiary education in the country. It is divided into vocational technicals and academic universities. Admission is free for students applying to technicals and universities who have an above average grade. Below that students must pay the admission fee.