Kaminoa Dieta

placed at the top of an incomplete article.

The Caminoan Parliament Kaminoa Dieta (Spanish)
42nd Parliament
Type
Type	Unicameral
Term limits	5 Years (First Term), 4 Years (Re-elected for subsequent terms)
History
Founded	21 November 1821
Leadership
Speaker of the Kaminoa Dieta	Mr.Speaker. Rt. Hon. Bill Burr, Independent
Deputy Speaker of the Kaminoa Dieta	Madam Deputy Speaker. Rt Hon. Aimi Kobayashi, CSD
Structure
Seats	600
Political groups	Government   National Bloc (68)   Centre Group (54)   Non-inscrits and independents Opposition   Progressive Alliance (68)   Liberal Union (52)   Non-inscrits and independents
Senate political groups	Independents
Joint committees	28
Elections
Voting system	Single transferable vote
Senate voting system	Sortition and appointment by the President based on advice
Last election	22 January 2020
Next election	22 January 2024
Meeting place
Parliament Building, Mişeyáke, Mişeyáke
Website
http://www.parliament.gls/

The Kaminoa Dieta (English: Caminoan Parliament) is the unicameral federal legislature of Caminoes. It consists of one chamber presided over byThe Speaker of the Dieta. The Members of Parliament or MP's gather in the parliament building referred to as the R'askstagg.

The Dieta is composed of 600 seats (fixed) and adjusts when there are overhang seats[[1]], this is due to the proportional representation electoral system that the country has. Members of Parliament who are elected for the first time are granted a 5-year first term and once re-elected are granted 4 more years, an additional 4 are then granted for the subsequent elections they win, MP's only leave The Dieta after one of two circumstances, either through losing their seat in an election or by retiring/resigning.

The numerous and diverse demographics of the Caminoes lends itself to a very dynamic political spectrum which then results to a varied and wide array of political perceptions. This leads to a multi-party system that is then unified as a Coalition Government led by a chosen Coalition Secretary, usually nominated by the Prime Minister.

History

The Gylian Parliament was created during the transition from the Free Territories to Gylias. One notable element of this transition was the replacement of the indirectly-elected General Council of the Free Territories, formed of delegates chosen from local communal assemblies, with a directly-elected federal legislature, known as the Popular Assembly.

The only election for the Popular Assembly took place in 1958, using national party-list proportional representation. The Assembly served a term of four years, overseeing the formalisation of the Free Territories' anarchist governance, including the passage of the Constitution of Gylias and six codes of law.

The legislature was reorganised by the Law on Electoral Representation of 1960, gaining an additional chamber. The change from proportional representation to single transferable vote aided the growth of Gylias' multi-party system, and the formation of ideology-based electoral blocs. The Constitution renamed the Popular Assembly to the Chamber of Deputies, while the new chamber was named the Senate.

The first election for the Gylian Parliament took place in 1962. The election ushered in the modern Gylian political system, with five-party electoral blocs and Non-inscrits. To keep the locus of governance at the local level, based on principles of subsidiarity, the Parliament was made a popular legislature, and initially had a seven-year term.

The two chambers evolved different identities. The Senate became a means of acknowledging the contributions of esteemed civil society and artistic figures — jokingly likened by Dæse Şyna to a retirement home for respected political pensioners.

Parliament's term of office was shortened to 5 years before the 1976 election, with the 1980 election being held a year ahead of schedule.

Its size was capped by the Law on Legislature Sizes of 1989 to prevent it from growing to the point of usurping the prerogative of direct democracy.

Three more elections were held five years apart before the term was fixed at 4 years starting with the 2000 election. The current cycle allows federal and regional elections to be held two years apart.

Various projects for parliamentary reform have been proposed. The most successful, supported by the New Alliance for the Future, took place in the 1990s and changed the Senate into a body chosen by sortition and appointment.

Legislative functions

The Parliament represents the federal legislative branch of Gylias. Its responsibilities are limited by law in order to avoid usurpation of self-governance from the communal assemblies and municipalities, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity.

The Parliament thus performs more of a deliberative and delegative role in Gylian politics. It scrutinises, debates, and advances proposals and works to gather a consensus from the public and all levels of government regarding matters of federal importance.

Members of Parliament are subject to imperative mandates and recall from their constituents.

The Parliament is imperfectly bicameral: the Chamber of Deputies is the responsible house, and the only one where federal budget bills are introduced. The Chamber of Deputies meets in two regular sessions, as specified in the Constitution:

• The first session begins in February and cannot last beyond the end of June.
• The second session begins in September and cannot last beyond the end of December.

Extraordinary sessions may be called during the summer and winter recesses.

The Senate meets in yearlong sessions, coinciding with the calendaristic seasons.

Bills may be introduced by any member of either chamber (except budget bills) and there is no distinction between bills introduced by members of government or opposition parties.

Legislative procedure

The Parliament's legislative procedure has four stages:

1. Proposal: can be made by the people (in the form of a popular initiative), civil society or professional organisations, municipal or regional councils, individual members of Parliament, or members of the government.
   1. The bill in question is subject to a general discussion, and afterwards referred to the relevant committee for review.
   2. The committee prepares a report on the bill, with the advice of other committees, and presents it to Parliament.
   3. The chamber where the bill originated votes to either request a further report or proceed to debate. (A vote to reject the bill ends the legislative process.)
2. Drafting: takes place in parliamentary committees, with public hearings and consultations.
   1. The bill is brought to the relevant committees for review and drafting.
   2. The committees discuss, propose, and compose the final text of the bill. During the drafting process, members of the public are also consulted on the bill, and expert witnesses are called to provide input.
   3. The final draft is reviewed article-by-article, and presented to the Parliament.
3. Approval: takes place in both chambers of Parliament.
   1. The Parliament debates and proposes further amendments to the bill. (It can also vote to refer the bill back to committees for further consideration, returning it to the drafting stage.)
   2. The bill is sent to the Constitutional Court for inspection.
   3. Once cleared by the Constitutional Court, the chamber where the bill originated votes on it.
   4. If the bill passes the chamber, it is sent to the other chamber where it must be voted through without further changes.
   5. If the other chamber modifies the bill, it must be returned to the original chamber to approve the changes.
   6. To prevent repeated passing of the bill between the two chambers, the Chamber of Deputies can overrule the Senate's rejection of a bill by majority vote.
4. Promulgation: done by the President of Gylias.
   1. Once a bill is passed, it is sent to the President for promulgation into law.
   2. The President can reject a bill with a written justification, returning it to Parliament. (It is customary for the justification to be that the bill is unconstitutional or would affect popular self-governance.)
   3. If the bill is returned, Parliament debates it anew.
   4. If the Parliament approves the bill without modifications, the President must sign it into law.

After the President has promulgated it, a law is publiced into the Official Gazette and commences after 15 days, unless a longer time period is specified.

Responsibilities

Other responsibilities of the Parliament include:

• Providing a forum for debating and discussing matters of public importance through popular petitions, motions, and bills.
• Debating amendements to the Constitution.
• Reviewing the actions of government, both policy and routine administration.
• Approving federal budgets.

Parliamentary procedure

Both chambers of Parliament have a presiding Speaker, chosen from the members at the beginning of a new term and renouncing party affiliation. Speakers carry out administrative tasks: they maintain order during debates, determine the order in which members speak, make rulings on procedure, and announce vote results. Speakers may not vote in a debate except in the event of a tie, where they will vote in favour of further debate or the status quo.

The Gylian Parliament does not have rules on unparliamentary language, giving it a more informal atmosphere compared to other state legislatures, but members are not allowed to interrupt other members while they are speaking. Members can directly speak amongst themselves or address their remarks to the Speaker; the former is more common. They can refer to each other by full name, or as "Deputy" or "Senator" for short according to the chamber they serve in.

Members are not allowed to directly insult another member's family members or non-parliamentary friends. Members of Parliament do not have parliamentary immunity, but have parliamentary privilege for their statements.

All votes in Parliament are made electronically.

Each day of parliamentary session has 30 minutes reserved for Question Time, during which Deputies and Senators address questions to the Cabinet and Prime Minister. The Prime Minister transfers questions that are not their direct responsibility to the relevant cabinet members.

As a result of the large number of parties represented and stricter moderation by the Speakers, Question Time sessions in Gylias are known for their lively but civilised atmosphere. Questions during this period are required to be relevant to policy, even from members of government parties. Speakers routinely disallow pre-arranged questions for the purpose of criticising the opposition.

Both chambers of Parliament meet and conduct their sessions separately, but joint meetings of both chambers can take place to receive addresses from visiting heads of state or government. The most recent joint sitting occurred on 31 May 2013, when Queen Anelyn I addressed the Gylian Parliament during her state visit. Deputies and Senators take the oath of office together when a new Parliament is sworn in.

Members

Members of Parliament