List of premiers of Shangea

The Auspicious Republic of Xiaodong has had an official head of government since the Constitutional Revolution of 1888. Since then Xiaodong has had 35 heads of government with three serving non-consecutive terms. The longest serving head of government was Lu Keqian, who served from 1936-1952 for a total of 15 years, 7 months and 22 days whilst the shortest serving was Zhang Mingshu who served a 3 month, 8 day term in 1933. The shortest term was Shao Yuzhang's second term in 1936 which lasted only 2 months and 24 days. The current post of head of government is the First Minister of the Council of Ministers of Xiaodong, which has served as the post of head of government since the 1940 victory of the Xiaodong Regeneration Society during the Xiaodongese Civil War.

The position was created following the promulgation of the Xiaodongese Constitution of 1888 which created the post of Prime Minister (总理; Zǒnglǐ), which was designed to be a primus inter pares within the General State Affairs Council, the executive government of the Heavenly Xiaodongese Empire. The position of Prime Minister was incredibly weak under the Xiyong Emperor who continually dismissed and appointing new Prime Ministers. During the reign of the Qingzhuo Emperor the position became more powerful under the military dictatorship of Zhao Hongjun - however the dismissal of Zhao under the Shanrong Emperor led to the position to weaken again.

Under the State of Xiaodong the Prime Minister continued to be weak as the Prime Minister did not have a majority of the constituent assembly relying on the Taiyi Emperor to pass decrees and the military to prop up the government. This did mean under military governments, especially Qian Shaozheng who during his term was also Chief of Staff of the military, the power of the Prime Minister increased being seen as a de facto military dictatorship.

The Corrective Revolution saw the post of Prime Minister with First Minister (首席部長; Shǒuxí Bùzhǎng) which was between 1940-1941 an ad hoc post before being formalised. Under Lu Keqian the post was equivalent of that as a dictator but following the death of Lu saw Ma Renzhong rule in a diarchy with Chairperson of the State Presidium of Xiaodong Yu Changshao. The attempted coup by Yu in 1953 saw the post return to that of a dictator. It reverted to an executive head of government rather than dictator following the Orchid Revolution albeit one with far-sweeping powers. However since the resignation of Yuan Xiannian in 2016 and assumption of power of Xi Yao-tong, the post has become weaker due to Yuan holding the chairmanship of the Xiaodong Regeneration Society.

List

  Nonpartisan
  Heavenly Army of Xiaodong
  Concordia Party
  Constitutional Democratic Party
  Constitutionalist Party
  Republican Party
  Nationalist Party
  Xiaodong Regeneration Society

•   Military Clique
•   Bureaucratic Clique
•   Traditionalist
•   Reformist
•   Neo-tradtionalist

No.	Portrait	Name	Took office	Left office	Days	Political Party
Prime Minister of the Heavenly Xiaodongese Empire
1		Prince Yao Shusheng 尧书生 (1829–1895)	3rd June 1880	16th August 1884	3 years, 9 months and 22 days	Nonpartisan
			Only member of the royal family to serve as Prime Minister. Led an aristocratic, conservative cabinet that implemented the Xiyong Constitution and continued protectionist, import-substitution industrialisation and several pro-westernising reforms.
2		Duke Hu Jianying 胡剑英 (1834–1906)	16th August 1884	12th January 1885	4 months and 27 days	Nonpartisan
			Hu was appointed following Yao's resignation in 1884. His cabinet however faced significant difficulties and soon resigned in 1885 after losing political support.
(1)		Prince Yao Shusheng 尧书生 (1829–1895)	12th January 1885	3rd June 1888†	3 years, 5 months and 1 day	Nonpartisan
			Appointed by the Emperor, Yao worked closely with the imperial house to significantly modernise Xiaodong's military and industry. In June 1888 he died of cardiac arrest.
3		Duke Kang Qisun 康企孙 (1834–1906)	3rd June 1888	25th March 1890	2 years	Nonpartisan
			One of the architects of the Xiyong constitution, Kang led a pro-reform aristocratic cabinet that clashed with ultraconservatives in the military. In 1890 he was dismissed by the Xiyong Emperor after attempting to curtail the Emperor's powers.
4		Duke Chen Shouhua 陈寿华 (1829–1895)	25th March 1890	13th June 1892	2 years, 2 months and 19 days	Nonpartisan
			Appointed by the Emperor to replace Kang, Chen was seen to have almost no power being a puppet of the imperial house. In 1892 following the start of the Great Borean War he stepped down in favour of a military-led government.
5		Field Marshal Mao Zhaojian 毛昭谏 (1843-1908)	13th June 1892	27th April 1900	7 years, 10 months and 14 days	Military
			The first serving officer to serve as Prime Minister, Mao courted strong support from the military and the Emperor. He was prime minister throughout the entirety of the Great Borean War where he was credited as an innovative and effective war leader, extracting significant concessions for Xiaodong at the Congress of Tszagastöyn. In 1898 he created the Censorate but was forced to resign in 1900 after the Emperor suspected he had amassed to much power.
6		Duke Long Zhengxin 龙增新 (1845-1923)	27th April 1900	17th March 1902	1 year, 10 months and 18 days	Nonpartisan
			Hailing from the House of Lords, Long's cabinet was notable for increasing economic growth. However it came into conflict with the Xiyong Emperor over political reform leading to the Emperor to dissolve the cabinet and dismiss Long is favour of a more complaint prime minister.
7		General Qin Xinyi 秦心衣 (1845-1923)	17th March 1902	20th October 1904	2 years, 7 months and 3 days	Military Concordia Clique
			A firm supporter of imperialist and conservative politics, Qin promoted further industrialisation and an increasingly intolerant style of governance. However his heavy handed style led to the government to lose popularity and he was dismissed in 1904.
8		Duke Zhang Haodong 张皓东 (1845-1923)	20th October 1904	5th June 1909†	4 years, 7 months and 16 days	Concordia Party
			A former military officer with strong reformist tendencies Zhang ended the budget crisis by drastically increased military spending and control over Xiaodongese politics. Zhang promoted reform in the political and agricultural spheres pushing through moderate land reform measures. Zhang was assassinated by a left-wing activist in 1909.
9		General Cao Ghuozhang 曹国璋 (1842-1900)	5th June 1909	26th April 1911	1 year, 10 months and 21 days	Concordia Party
			Following the assassination of Zhang Cao led a crackdown on left-wing forces and deliberately promoted right-wing, pro-imperialist policies as a result. Cao resigned in 1911 due to his failure to pass the 1911 budget due to opposition from the House of Regions and House of Industry.
10		Shi Gongyao 史功耀 (1853-1922)	26th April 1911	14th October 1912	1 year, 5 months and 18 days	Constitutional Democratic Party
			The first non-aristocratic and non-military Prime Minister (coming from the House of Industry) Long was appointed to resolve the 1911 budget crisis, where he supported fiscal conservatism cutting spending most controversially to the military, which caused a deadlock in the House of Arms. Long was dismissed in 1912 by the Qingzhuo Emperor following Long's opposition to increased military spending in the 1912 budget.
11		Baron Kai Panming 凯盘铭 (1853-1922)	14th October 1912	7th March 1915	2 years, 4 months and 21 days	Concordia Party
			Appointed by the monarch to handle the budget crisis, Kai was seen as ineffective in overcoming political divisions and an increasingly assertive nationalist element in government. His weak personality ensured he was maintained in office by factions wishing to influence government, but this process led to his dismissal in 1915.
12		Duke He Zuoxiang 和作祥 (1853-1922)	7th March 1915	14th June 1916	1 year, 3 months and 7 days	Concordia Party
			Considered to be more liberal than his predecessor, He openly clashed with the military and attempted to strengthen the power of the cabinet as the cabinet weakened. In 1916 he resigned from office after failing to pass key legislation.
13		Baron Liao Congwu 廖从吾 (1853-1922)	14th June 1916	17th March 1918	1 year, 9 months and 3 days	Concordia Party
			A member of the House of Lords, Liao attempted to curb the power of the military by allying with the imperial house, allowing him to pass the 1916 budget with modest military spending cuts. Liao was unable to maintain a solid parliamentary majority and in 1918 resigned following a vote of no confidence.
14		Chen Shiyi 陈式毅 (1884–1948)	17th March 1918	5th August 1918†	5 months and 5 days	Concordia Party
			A liberal reformer, Chen's cabinet lacked any support from the imperial house. Increasing discontent within the military and factionalism between its different cliques led a coup d'état by military officers during which Liao was killed by the plotters.
15		General Zhao Hongjun 赵鴻鈞 (1850-1920)	5th August 1918	8th November 1922	4 years, 2 months and 17 days	Military Great Harmony Clique
			Taking power in a coup d'état, Zhao cracked down on political dissidents, banned freedom of the press, crushed trade unions and centralised power. Under the direction of the Shanrong Emperor Zhao initiated massive industrialisation leading to the creation of a corporatist economy. During the Senrian Revolution Zhao covertly organised funding for the Senrian monarchy. Zhao was increasingly seen as undermining the authority of the Imperial House and was dismissed from office in 1922.
16		General Qiu Hanjie 仇汉杰 (1857-1935)	8th November 1922	12th June 1924	1 year, 7 months and 4 days	Military Great Harmony Clique
			Considered one of the Emperor's favourites, under Qiu's direction the Peace Preservation Brigades were created and the state began massive campaigns of ethnic cleansing and deportations in minority regions. Qiu resigned in 1924 to serve full time in the army.
17		General Tao Qibao 套七宝 (1857-1935)	12th June 1924	27th November 1926	2 years, 5 months and 15 days	Military Great Harmony Clique
			A conservative with strong aristocratic and military backing, Tao supported the militaristic and genocidal policies of the military under Qiu Hanjie. However following the Senrian reclamation of Sakata in 1926 he was dismissed from the post of Prime Minister.
18		General Ren Xilian 任锡联 (1876-1933)	27th November 1926	8th March 1933†	6 years, 3 months and 9 days	Military Great Harmony Clique
			The military chief of staff, Ren was appointed by the Shanrong Emperor to oversee preparations for the Senrian-Xiaodongese War in which Ren famously stated the intention was to oversee "the orderly and complete dismantlement of Senria and the elimination of is people's". Ren served as Prime Minister during the war where he worked closely to maintain domestic stability as well as create a war economy, and oversaw the launch of the Min-Xiaodongese War in 1928. However by 1933 Xiaodong was losing the war, bankrupt and was suffering from social unrest leading to Ren to be overthrown in the March 8 coup d'état where he committed suicide.
Prime Minister of the State of Xiaodong
19		General Shao Yuzhang 少愈长 (1860-1938)	8th March 1933	15th June 1933	3 months and 7 days	Military
			Led the March 8 Coup that toppled the monarchy, Shao signed the Treaty of Keishi in April 1933 formally ending the Senrian-Xiaodongese War. This action was widely unpopular leading to the Treaty riots. Shao resigned in June after parliamentary elections saw anti-treaty forces obtain a majority.
20		Duke Zhang Mingshu 張銘樞 (1884–1948)	15th June 1933	23rd November 1933	5 months and 8 days	Constitutionalist Party
			The first liberal Prime Minister, Zhang attempted to build a political coalition in the National Assembly consisting of right and centre forces but largely failed, relying on Taiyi Emperor to rule by decree. His government however fell due to opposition to his ratification of the Treaty of Keishi.
21		General Lu Keqian 陆客钱 (1877–1944)	23rd November 1933	6th July 1934	6 months and 14 days	Republican Party
			Appointed to replace Zhang Lu, a war hero of the Senrian-Xiaodongese War, continued the war with Min and Tinza. During the 1934 July Incident Lu attempted to remove the Taiyi Emperor by force, resulting in his dismissal from office and exile.
22		Xu Dongwu 许动物 (1884–1948)	6th July 1934	14th October 1935	1 year, 4 months and 8 days	Nationalist Party
			Securing the support of anti-treaty deputies, Xu's government was unable to deal with hyperinflation and continued hostilities with Min. Following the siege of Kuoqing Xu was forced to sign an armistice with Min that ceded control of Thianchin to the state. In September 1936 nationalist officers led by Lu Keqian staged the Corrective Revolution starting the Xiaodongese Civil War resulting in the fall of Xu's government.
23		Duke Peng Kecheng 彭克诚 (1884–1948)	14th October 1935	17th March 1936	5 months and 3 days	Constitutionalist Party
			The former Minister of Industry in Ren Xilian's cabinet, Peng's term saw the beginning of the Xiaodongese Civil War. Peng resigned following the failure of the March Offensive when government forces failed to retake Rongzhuo.
(22)		Xu Dongwu 许动物 (1884–1948)	17th March 1936	26th August 1936	5 months and 9 days	Nationalist Party
			Taking the premiership a second time, Xu attempted to re-consolidate Xiaodongese government forces in the civil war. In June 1936 Xu controversially moved Xiaodong's gold reserves to Sakan. He was overthrown in 1936 by military officers following a mutiny in the army.
24		Marshal Qian Shaozheng 錢紹曾 (1878-1964)	26th August 1936	13th May 1938	1 year, 8 months and 17 days	Military
			Qian ruled as a de facto military dictator, dissolving civilian institutions and marginalising the Taiyi Emperor. Declaring martial law across the entire country Qian led military operations against rebel forces, starting an offensive into northern territories. Following a massive defeat at the siege of Lukeng and an ensuring rebel led offensive into Gaoming Qian's position became untenable and he was forced out by the Emperor.
(19)		Marshal Shao Yuzhang 少愈长 (1860-1938)	13th May 1938	6th March 1940	1 year, 9 months and 22 days	Military
			Qian's longtime deputy, Shao was appointed as both Prime Minister and Chief of Staff following Qian's ouster by the Emperor. Shao adopted a defensive strategy whilst attempting to regain territory lost in Qian's offensive. Shao's strategy however resulted in further territorial losses for Xiaodongese forces, with defeat following the fall of Kuoqing resulting in Shao's removal from office.
25		General Hu Yingjiu 胡英九 (1876–1943)	6th March 1940	10th April 1940	1 month and 4 days	Military
			Hu's appointment as Prime Minister also came with an appointment as commanding officer of the capital Baiqiao. Following a series of military defeats Hu declared Baiqaio an open city, resulting in Lu's forces to take the city and dissolve the State of Xiaodong.
Premier of the Auspicious Republic of Xiaodong
(21)		Rao Junzhao 饶军钊 (1877–1944)	10th April 1940	7th February 1942	1 year, 9 months and 28 days	Peasants and Workers' Party
			The leader of the Peasants and Workers' Party, Rao attempted as Premier to strengthen the socialists power relative to Lu Keqian's supporters. In 1942 cordial relations between the two factions broke down and Rao was subsequently dismissed and purged by Lu's supporters. .
27		General Zhou Hongkui 周鸿逵 (1886–1954)	7th February 1942	24th August 1950	8 years, 6 months and 17 days	Xiaodong Regeneration Society Military Clique
			A veteran of the civil war, Zhou largely shared power with State Chairman Lu Keqian and Ma Renzhong promoting a strategy of industrialisation and modernisation. However military-bureaucracy relations were largely poor during his term and after an attempted military coup in 1950 was removed from power by Ma.
28		Chen Xuechang 陳学昌 (1898-1974)	24th August 1950	20th March 1956	5 years, 6 months and 25 days	Xiaodong Regeneration Society Bureaucratic Clique
			A protégé of Ma Renzhong, Chen attempted limited period of political and cultural liberalisation with cultural controls imposed by the prior government being gradually lifted. This liberalisation however resulted in an upsurge in nationalist movements in Duljun and opposition political activity, leading to Chen to be dismissed as Premier by Ma.
29		Li Zhaozheng 里找正 (1892–1967)	20th March 1956	17th November 1967†	11 years, 7 months and 28 days	Xiaodong Regeneration Society Bureaucratic Clique
			Following Ma's death in 1958 Li asserted his power to become the dominant figure in Xiaodongese politics. Li introduced a new economic policy of "Consumer Socialism" which saw a dramatic expansion of light industry. Li also incorporated Duljun into Xiaodong proper after the 1960 Duljunese riots and promoted population growth. Under Li, Senrian Prime Minister Tokiyasu Kitamura was assassinated by a Xiaodongese agent. Li died of a stroke in 1967.
30		Yu Changshao 与长勺 (1904-1987)	20th November 1967	31st March 1972	4 years, 4 months and 11 days	Xiaodong Regeneration Society Bureaucratic Clique
			Yu initially was considered to be the dominant figure in the Xiaodongese government but soon was embroiled in a power struggle with State Chairman Qiao Zhaohui. This power struggle weakened the central government as stagflation hit the economy, with his corruption becoming controversial. He was forced to resign in a "soft coup" in 1972 after losing support from the military.
31		Sun Yuting 孙玉婷 (1910-1984)	31st March 1972	17th January 1984†	11 years, 9 months and 17 days	Xiaodong Regeneration Society Traditionalist
			The former head of the secret police, Sun furthered Ma's and Li's economic policies whilst pursuing an authotarian conservative social policies, severely curtailing personal liberties. In 1977 he orchestrated the Kuoqing Massacre, suppressing protesters and union workers' protesting over poor working condition and a lack of democracy as well as being First Minister during the Coastal Crisis. Sun was assassinated in 1984 by Senrian agents.
32		Qian Xingwen 钱兴文 (1910–1992)	17th January 1984	9th June 1988	4 years, 4 months and 23 days	Xiaodong Regeneration Society Reformist
			The oldest First Minister, Qian implemented free-market reforms via shock therapy packages which caused a recession and significant economic dislocation albeit inflation was constrained. Qian approved Operation Calm Waters against Senria which led to a retaliatory terrorist attack against Lu Keqian's mausoleum in 1987. He resigned during the Orchid Revolution
33		Li Jingyao 俪竟要 (1922-2007)	9th June 1988	14th March 1991	2 years, 9 months and 5 days	Xiaodong Regeneration Society Reformist
			Considered to be one of the strongest advocates of reform, Li struggled to overcome economic difficulties and an increasing insurgency in Duljun. Conservatives blocked his plans of political reform and in 1991 successfully lobbied for his removal from office due to his perceived incompetence in handling the Duljunese War.
34		Jiang Xingzhou 将姓周 (1926-2016)	14th March 1991	5th May 1994	3 years, 1 month and 21 days	Xiaodong Regeneration Society Reformist
			Appointed as a compromise between conservatives and reformists Jiang's term was dominated by the Duljunese War where he was accused of launching a campaign of ethnic cleansing against Duljunese people. He resigned in 1994 after the failure of his government to implement successful economic policies plus unsuccessful offensives in Duljun.
35		Yang Zhengming 钱兴文 (1936-)	5th May 1994	18th May 2000	6 years, 1 month and 13 days	Xiaodong Regeneration Society Neo-traditionalist
			A firm advocate for economic development, Yang was a close ally to state chairman Mao Zhukang supporting both economic liberalisation and political authoritarianism. In 1996 Yang led the Xiaodongese army to prevail in the Duljunese war albeit the conduct of the war under his watch was regularly accused of war crimes. In 2000 he stepped down from office passing power to Han Guanzheng in order to become State Chairman.
36		Han Guanzheng 汗官正 (1940-)	18th May 2000	30th September 2007	7 years, 3 months and 12 days	Xiaodong Regeneration Society Reformist
			Han sought to speed up Xiaodong's economic growth through economic liberalisation and integration with the world economy, continuing economic reform. Han in 2002 oversaw the creation of the Special Autonomous Region of Duljun. In 2003 he established relations with Senria meeting Senrian Prime Minister Izumi Sigesato. He was forced to step down in 2007 after facing internal party pressures during a currency crisis.
37		Yuan Xiannian 远现年 (1952–)	30th September 2007	14th October 2015	8 years and 14 days	Xiaodong Regeneration Society Neo-traditionalist
			Yuan came to power by ending Xiaodong's currency crisis and pursing inflationary based growth in the New Economic Policy. A party conservative, Yuan was perceived to react well to the 2008 Shenkong hostage crisis and Operation Eastern Protection. In 2014 student protests following a botched attempt to change the constitution rocked the stability of his government. His government was famous for promoting historical revisionism in regards to the Senrian-Xiaodongese War. Yuan resigned from the premiership in 2015 to become state chairman.
38		Xi Yao-tong 夕瑶棠 (1955–)	14th July 2014	Incumbent	9 years, 11 months and 3 days	Xiaodong Regeneration Society Neo-traditionalist
			Under Xi's leadership, Xiaodong has alongside Ankoren and Namor formed the International Forum for Developing States. In 2017, accusations of electoral fraud led to mass protests that were suppressed shortly afterwards with 500 people being killed by authorities, with the Xi-Yuan government declaring a state of emergency and the start of the Normalisation process.